MAHARAJA GANGA SINGH UNIVERSITY, BIKANER

SYLLABUS
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
AND
COURSES OF STUDY

FACULTY OF ARTS

M.A. ECONOMICS

M.A. PREVIOUS EXAMINATION – 2022

M.A. FINAL EXAMINATION - 2023

© M.G.S. UNIVERSITY, BIKANER

MGSU BIKANER [1]

 SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
M.A. PREVIOUS & FINAL

Each Theory Paper 3 hours duration 100 Marks

Case Study Report/Survey Report, if any 100 Marks

1. The number of paper and the maximum marks of each paper practical shall be shown in the syllabus for the subject
concerned. It will be necessary for a candidate to pass in the theory part as well as in the practical part (wherever
prescribed) of a subject/Paper separately. There shall be 5 teaching hours per week in each paper.
2. A candidate for a pass at each of the Previous and the Final Examination shall be required to obtain (i) atleast 36%
marks in the aggregate of all the paper prescribed for the examination, and (ii) atleast 36% marks in practical(s)
wherever prescribed for the examination, provided that if a candidate fails to secure atleast 25% marks in each
individual paper at the examination and also in viva-voce/case study/survey report/field work, wherever prescribed, shall
be deemed to have failed at the examination not withstanding him, having obtained the minimum percentage of marks
required in the aggregate for that examination. Division shall be awarded at the end of the Final Examination on the
combined marks obtained at the Previous and the Final Examination taken together, as noted below :
3.
First Division 60% of the aggregate marks taken together
Second Division 48% of the Previous Final Examination
All the rest will be declared to have passed the examinations.
3. If a candidate clears any paper(s) Practical(s) /Dissertation Prescribed at the Previous and/or Final Examination after a
continuous period of three years, then for the purpose of working out his division the minimum pass marks only viz 35%
(36% in the case of practical) shall be taken into account in respect of such paper(s) Practical(s) Case Study are
cleared after the expiry of the aforesaid period of three year, provided that in case where a candidate require more than
actually secured by him will be taken into account as would enable him to make the deficiency in the requisite minimum
aggregate.
4. The Case Study Report/Survey Report/Field Work shall be hand written and submitted in triplicate so as to reach the
office of the Registrar atleast 3 weeks before the commencement of the theory examination. Only such candidates shall
be permitted to offer case study/Field work/
Survey report (if provided in the scheme of examination) who have secured at least 55% marks in the aggregate of all
scheme, irrespective of the no. of papers in which a candidate actually appeared at the examination.

N.B. (i) Non-Collegiate candidates are not eligible to offer case study/ survey report.

EXAMINATION SCHEME OF M.A. PREVIOUS AND M.A. FINAL There shall be nine papers in all, of these seven
papers will be

compulsory and two will be optional. The candidates are required to offer four compulsory papers in M.A. Previous and other
three compulsory papers and with two optional papers - one from Group A and other paper from Group B in M.A. Final
examination. Each paper will be of 100 marks and 3 hours duration. Students are required to attempt five questions in all
selecting at least one question from each unit.
Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

M.A. PREVIOUS
Compulsory Papers :
Paper I : Micro Economic Theory
Paper II : Macro Economic Theory
Paper III : Economic Statistics and Mathematics
Paper IV : Public Finance
M.A. FINAL
Compulsory Papers :
Paper V : Development Economics and Indian
Planning
Paper VI : International Economics
Paper VII : Advance Indian Economics
Paper VIII, IX : Two optional papers
Optional Papers :
Candidate should have to select any two optional paper, one from group A and the other from group B. Groups are as
follows:
Paper-VIII
GROUP A
I. Agriculture Economics
II. Industrial Economics

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 III. Demography
IV. Banking System
V. Research Methodology and Survey Techniques
VI. Mathematical Economics
Paper-IX
GROUP B
I. Labour Economics
II. Environmental Economics
III. Regional Economics
IV. History of Economic Thought
V. Econometrics
VI. Case study / survey report

M.A. PREVIOUS ECONOMICS EXAMINATION

PAPER - I
MICRO ECONOMIC THEORY

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks : 100 Unit – I

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

Unit – I
Nature of Economics, Concepts of Equilibrium – Partial and General, Static, Comparative Static and Dynamic Analysis,
Relevance of Economic theories. Theory of demand and supply, Elasticity of demand and supply
Unit – II

Utility analysis—cardinal and ordinal approaches, indifference curve approach - Slutsky Equation, consumer surplus. Theory
of Revealed Preference. Consumer Behaviour under uncertainty.
Unit – III

Production function, Linear Production function, Cobb-Douglas and CES Production function. Optimum factor combination.
Concepts of cost of production and revenue. Linear programming (graphic method only). Equilibrium of the firm and industry
in Perfect Competition.
Unit – IV

Equilibrium of the Firm and industry under Monopoly, Measurement of the degree of Monopoly, Bilateral Monopoly. Product
differentiation and Monopolistic Competition, Non price competition. Simple and Differentiated Oligopoly, Demand and cost
function of an individual firm under Oligopoly. Kinky demand curve, Cournot, Bertrand, Edgeworth and Chamberlin Models.
Unit – V

Factor demand and factor supply, factor price determination under Perfect and imperfect competition. Modern Theories
related to the determination of Rent, Wages, Interest and Profit. Marshall’s four propositions of derived demand. Euler’s
theorem. Elasticity of substitution of factors.

Pareto optimality conditions for welfare. New welfare Economics, Social welfare function, compensation criteria. Theory of
the second best.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

1. Leftwich, R.H.: The Price System and Resource Allocation (Hindi version is also available.
2. Stonier, A.W. and D.C. Hague: A Textbook of Economic Theory.
3. Bilas, R.A.: Microeconomic Theory.
4. Koutsoyianis, A. : Modern Microeconomics.
5. Ferguson and Gould; Microeconomic Theory.
6. Samuelson and Nordhaus : Economics
7. Bilas, R.A. : The Principles of Micro Economics (Hindi Version)
8. K.P.M. Sunderam & M.C. Vaish: Micro Economic Theory.

9. Joshi J.M. & Rajendra - Micro Economic Theory Analytical Approach

10. Ahuja H.L. - Advanced Economic Theory.
11. Jhingan M.L. - Micro Economics.
12. Barla C.S. - Advanced Micro Economics.

MGSU BIKANER [3]

 PAPER - II
MACRO ECONOMIC THEORY

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

Unit – I

Nature of Macroeconomics. Fallacy of composition, Basic Concepts of Macroeconomic models (Types), macroeconomics
policy-objectives, instrument and constraints, the major school of macro economics theory.
The concepts of National Income, System of National Income Accounting: Matrix Representation of national income. Double
entry system.

National Income Deflator. National Income of India and recent trends.

Unit – II

Classical model of Determination of level of output, Employment, Prices, Rate of Interest and wage rates, Criticism against
classical theory. Keynesian Model of Determination of Income : Partial Equilibrium analysis and General Equilibrium analysis
(combination of product market and money market)

Unit – III

Multiplier analysis in four sector economy and Balanced Budget multiplier. Business Cycle - Hicks and Samuelson models.
Theories of consumption functions.

Unit – IV

The Demand for and Supply of Money: The traditional version of quantity theory of Money. Monetarist reformulation of
quantity theory of Money and its empirical evidences. Tobin and Baumol’s Analysis.

Unit – V

Stabilisation policies : Objectives and tools of Monetary and Fiscal Policy. The choices of targets : Intermediate and final
targets. The monetarists and Keynesian controversy. The Transmission Mechanism. Fleming Mundell open Economy
Model.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Ackley, G. : Macroeconomic: Theory and Policy.
2. Shapiro, E. Macroeconomics Analysis.
3. Branson, W.H. : Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy.

4. Vaish, M.C. Macroeconomics.

5. Mueller, M.G. : Readings in Macroeconomics.
6. Dornbush and Fisher: Macroeconomics
7. Romer D. : Advance Macro Economics
8. Gupta G.S.: Macro Economics Theory and Application
9. Jhingan M.L.: Macro Economics
10. Ahuja H.L. : Macro Economics
11. Lekhi R.K. : Post Keynesion Economics

PAPER - III
ECONOMIC STATISTICS AND MATHEMATICS

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
MGSU BIKANER [4]
 Unit - I
Nature and use of statistical analysis in organizing data and testing hypothesis, Sampling v/s Census Methods, Simple
random sampling. Stratified and multistage sampling. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Mean, Mode, Median and
Quartile.
Unit - II

Measure of dispersion, quartile deviation, Mean deviation and standard deviation. Skew ness, introduction to Binomial and
Normal distributions, Correlation and Regression, and elementary introduction to Multiple Linear Regression (Students are
not expected to compute Multiple Regression Coefficients but Only to Understand the nature and uses of Regression and its
coefficients ).
Unit - III
Interpolation - Binomial Expansion, Lagrange’s and Newton’s methods. Association of attributes (between two attributes
only) and the Chi square Test. Index numbers.
Unit - IV
Analysis of Time Series, Theory of Probability- Concepts, Classical probability, mathematical derivation, Large Sample Test,
Small sample based on t,f and z test. Acquaintance with the following bodies of data and their limitations in India :(1)
Agriculture : Area, Yield and Prices of Crops. (2) Industry: Annual Survey of Industry (3) Current Population Census (4)
Index numbers of Prices (5) National Income: methods of Estimation in India-Concepts, Rules.

Unit - V

Functions and curves in economic theory including lines, parabola and hyperbola and rectangular hyperbola as used in
economics (main properties only). Differentiation and integration of functions of single variable. (Students are not expected
to know the proof of relevant theorems but only to perform operations on simple functions).

Partial derivatives of simple functions of two variable. Maxima and Minima of functions of one variable (without constraints).
Addition, subtraction, multiplication of matrices and inverse of matrices, Determinants, Crammer’s rule.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Croxton, Cowden & Klien : Applied General Statistics.

2. R.G.D. Allen Mathematical Analysis for Economics (Relevant parts of chapters 5,6, 7 and 18)

3. Alpha C. Chiang: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics.

4. S.P. Gupta: Statistical Methods.
5. Mehta, B.C. and G.M.K. Madani: Mathematics for economists.

6. National Accounts Statistics: Sources and Methodology, CSO, Latest

7. Nagar Kailashnath- Elements of Statistics
8. Nathuramka L.N.- Use of Mathematics in Economics
9. Gokhroo D.C.- Mathematics for Economists
PAPER – IV
PUBLIC FINANCE

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit – I

Nature and scope of Public Finance, Role of Government in the economy and scope of fiscal action. Optimal budgeting.
Theory of public expenditure on social goods. Effects of public expenditure on production and distribution. Economic and
functional classifications of government budget current General Budget Major trends in public expenditure in India (Growth
and composition).
Unit – II

Public Revenue - Taxation - Canons of Taxation, Justice in Taxation, equi-absolute equi-proportional and equi-marginal
sacrifice principle. The incidence of taxation under Monopoly and Perfect competition. Effects of commodity taxation on
production via relative price and resource allocation. Effect of direct taxation on production via labour supply and saving rate.
Effects of direct taxation on distribution of income and wealth. Measurement of the degree of progression in taxes. Overall
progressiveness of the whole tax system.
Unit – III

Salient features of the Indian tax system. Major taxes, main trends in the revenues of the Central and State Governments in
India. Major changes in the tax structure of a developing economy with special reference to India. Non-tax revenues. Profits
from Public Enterprises.

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 Unit – IV

Theory of public debt. Economic effects of large public debt. Loans and savings as source of finance for development
Internal and external public debt of India. Theory of Federal Finance. Financial relations between the central and state
Governments in India. Major criteria for allocation of central transfers in the Report of the Finance Commission. N.D.C.
formula for Plan Allocation, Main recommendations of latest Finance Commission.
Unit – V

Fiscal policy for developing economies: Arguments and prospects for resource mobilization by direct and indirect taxation.
Borrowing as means of financing. Recent fiscal policy of India. Salient feature of State Finance in Rajasthan. Growth and
distribution of revenue and expenditure under major economic heads in the State Budgets.
SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Musgrave, R.A. : The Theory of Pubic Finance, 1959.

2. Musgrave, R.A. & P. Musgrave: Public finance in Theory & Practice.

3. Prem Prakash Sharma: Principle of Public Finance, Hindi Granth Academy, Jaipur (Hindi)
4. Ganguly, S. : Public Finance.
5. Tilak Narain Hajela : Principle of Public Finance (Hindi)
6. Bhatia, H.L. : Public Finance.

7. Govt. of India : Reports of Finance Commissions.

8. Laxminarain Nathuramka : Taxation (Hindi)
9. Lekhi R.K. : Public Finance.
10. B.P. Tyagi : Public Finance.

M.A. FINAL ECONOMICS EXAMINATION

PAPER -V
DEVELOPMENTAL ECONOMICS AND INDIAN PLANNING

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

Unit – I
Economic growth, economic development and sustainable development. Major Growth factors - Factor inputs, factor
productivity and import substitution, Denisons’s Estimates. Human capital formation and the role of education. The role of
information technology in development.
Unit – II
Growth models: Classical - Ricardo, Marx, Neo-classical - Harrod, Domar and Solow
Unit – III
Balanced v/s unbalanced growth. Dual economy models. Planning model: Mahalanoibis model. Two gap model. Planning:
Objectives, resource constraints - financial resources and saving rate.
Unit – IV
Foreign Exchange balance of payments. Plan formulation techniques-capital output ratios, projection of demand, input
output model, material balances. Project selection techniques, Cost-benefit analysis-appraisal criteria accounting prices.

Unit – V
Planning process and plan implementation with reference to India. Plan Allocation to States, Gadgil Formula. Instruments for
Plan implementation in a mixed economy. Indian Planning and Performance of the Indian economy since 1951. Role of
National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) in present scenario. Agricultural, Industrial and aggregate income growth
rates. Saving rate and capital formation. Poverty and Inequality, Unemployment in India, Planning and Problems of
development in Rajasthan.
SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Lewis, W.A : Development Planning.
2. Meier, G. : Leading Issues in Economic Development.
3. Kuznets, S. : Modern Economic Growth.
4. Edward, F. Denison: Sources of Growth in U.S. Economy.
5. Sen, AK. : Growth Economics.
6. Das, Gupta and Pearce: Cost Benefit Analysis.
7. P. Bardhan and T.N. Srinivasan: Poverty and Income Distribution in India.
8. Bhagwati and Desai: Indian Planning for Industrialisation.
9. Monten S. Ahluwalia: Re-distribution with Growth.

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10. Jhingan M.L. : Development and Indian Planning
11. Lekhi R.K. : Economic Growth and Planning

PAPER – VI
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit – I
The Theory of Free Trade, Comparative advantages theory : Ricardo, Haberler and Heckscher- Ohlin, Factor-Price
equalization. Effects of growth on production, consumption and terms of trade. Empirical verification of trade models (Metzler
Paradox).
Unit – II
New theories about determinations of trade in human capital, product cycle, and influence of technology. Reciprocal demand
and offer curves. General equilibrium of production, consumption and trade, terms of trade and gains from trade. Reasons
for rejection of free trade infant industry, market distortions, external economies and balance of payment arguments.
Unit – III
Trade restrictions: tariff, economic integration and concept of custom unionTrade problems of developing countries-
commodity price, non-tariff barriers to trade, technology transfer. Regional economic co-operation among developing
countries. Indian trade policy and problems.
Unit – IV
Balance of payments. Determination of exchange rate. fixed and flexible exchange rates. Balance of payments and national
income. Multiplier and backwash effects. Price effects of exchange rate changes-elasticity approach and absorption
approach. Exchange control in India.
Unit – V
International trade institutions, GATT, WTO and UNCTAD.
Capital movements-short term and long term. Eurocurrency markets Trans-national corporations in transfer of capital and
technology. Role of World Bank.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Kindleberger : International Economics. (5th Ed.)
2. Bhagwati. J. (ed.) International Economics (Penguin)
3. Grubel : International Economics.
4. Vaish and Sudama Singh: International Economics.
5. Kundu and Ray: International Economics.
6. Salvatore, D. : International Economics
7. H.G. Mannur: International Economics - Theory and Policy Issues (Vikas)
8. Salvatore, D. : theory and Practice of International Economics
9. Schum’s Outline Series: International Economics.
10. K.D. Swami, R.L.Sharma: International Economics
11. Barla Aggarwal : International Economics
12. Jhingan M.L. International Economics.

PAPER VII
ADVANCE INDIAN ECONOMY
3 Hrs Duration Max. Marks:100
Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit - I
Demographic aspects : Population growth, labour force, occupational distribution, poverty, unemployment issues in
measurement and policy options. Agriculture : Institutional changes, technological changes, Farm price & policy, Agriculture
finance - Progress and emerging trends. Food situation and food policy.
Unit - II
Industry : Recent trends in industrial growth. Recent changes in industrial policy and licensing policy, Concentration of
economic power in the private sector, MRTP Act, Public Sector industries growth and problems of pricing and management.
Role of public financial. Institutions in industrial finance, role of MNCs in developing Indian Industries. Impact of MNCs on
Indian economy. Swadeshi views on Indian economic development.

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 Unit - III
Foreign Trade : main trends in imports and exports. Foreign trade policy import substitution and export promotion. India’s
balance of payments position in recent years. GATT agreement relating to trade and its impact on Indian Economy. WTO
and India. Monetary and Banking Trends: Problems of Inflation, Black Money Monetary and Credit Policies.

Unit- IV
Fiscal development : Trends in taxation and public expenditure at the central level. Centre-State financial relations.
Resource mobilization for planning role of taxation, Borrowing, Deficit financing and administered prices for plan financing.
Long term fiscal policy for India. Indian Planning : Strategy and Objectives. Development Policies, saving and investment
rates. Foreign capital. Technology transfer to India.
Unit- V
The institutional framework of Indian economy and its structural changes during the plan period. Economic growth, during
plan period. Recent Economic Reforms in India. National Income : Growth and Composition, Regional distribution, Income in
inequalities in India, Concentration ratios, Policy for improving income and wealth distribution in India.
Suggested Books :
1. A.N. Agarwal: Indian Economy (English & Hindi editions) latest.
2. Rudra Dutt and Sundaraman : Indian Economy.
3. Laxminarain Nathurmka : Indian Economy, College Book House, Jaipur Latest.
4. Sudama Singh: Indian Economy.
5. Mishra and Puri : Indian Economy.
6. Kurien, C.T. (1992) : The Economy An Interpretative Introduction, Sage Publications.
7. Kapila, Uma (ed.) : Indian Economy since Independence, Academic Foundation, New Delhi.
8. Kapitla, Uma (ed.) : Recent Development in Indian Economy. Pt. I, II, III Academic Foundation, New Delhi.
9. Jalan, Bimal (1992) : The Indian Economy, Problem Prospects.
10. K.B.L. Mathur: Management of Indian Economy: Systems and Problems.
11. P.K. Dhar: Indian Economy.
12. Economic Survey: Government of India. (Latest)

OPTIONAL PAPERS
Two Papers one from group A and the other from group B

GROUP A (I)
AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS
3 hrs duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit – I
Nature and scope of agricultural economics, Stages of agricultural development, Lewis model and its extension by Rains
and Fei. Agriculture production function. Scale of farming. Laws of returns with examples from Indian data. Marginal
productivity and optimum combination of inputs. Optimum allocation of land between crops with examples from Indian
studies. Optimum size in agriculture.
Unit – II

Determination of Rent. Price analysis and marketing in economic development. Type of markets and price determination.
Marketed surplus, seasonal and cyclical movement in prices. Supply response to variation in agriculture price.
Unit – III
Agriculture credit, criteria for fixing farmer’s credit worthiness. Agricultural taxation and economic development with
emphasis on the Japanese and Taiwanese agricultural tax policies, Lessons for India. State and Agriculture. Need for and
grade of state-Intervention in agriculture development. The role of the state in the agricultural development of Japan, USE
and China (a comparative study is expected).
Unit – IV
Trends in agricultural production and productivity in India and in Rajasthan since 1961. Determination of output and input
progress in India and in Rajasthan since 1961. Institutional changes in Indian agriculture. Land Reforms, their progress and
critical evaluation in the agricultural development in India. Integrated Rural Development Programme, Community
Development Panchayati Raj and Extension Services. Rural-urban migration in India and the problem of agricultural
unemployment and under employment.
Unit – V
Principles of co-operation, Co-operation in relation to economic development, Origin of the co-operation movement in the
U.K. Germany, Italy and Scandinavian countries, comparison between co-operation, capitalism and socialism, co-operation
as an answer to the problem of less developed countries. Role of co-operation in agricultural production credit and marketing
in Japan, Israel and Taiwan. Co-operative movement in India. Evaluation of co-operative movement. State partnership and
recent developments. Present position and evaluation of the movement in the supply of critical inputs.
SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Mellor John W. : The Economics of Agricultural Development.
2. Schultz, T.W. Economic Organization of Agriculture.

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3. Parmit Chaudhari : Reading in Indian Agriculture.
4. Bhaduri, A. : The Economics Structure of Backward Development.
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6. Eric Tnorback : The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development.
7. Lewis, W.A. : Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of La,5br.
8. Hanumantha Rao., C.H. : Agricultural Production functions. Costs. and Returns in India,
9. Kohli, R.L. Marketing of Agricultural Products.
10. Rudra, A : Indian Agricultural Economics: Myths and Realities,
11. Dasgupta, B. : The New Agricultural Technology in India.
12. Economic Survey of Indian Agriculture (latest)
13. Shah, C.H. (ed.) : Agricultural Development in India.
14. Hanumantha Rao., C.H. : Technological Change and Distribution
of Gains in Indian Agriculture.
15. Vidya Sagar : Agricultural Growth in Rajasthan 1952-77,
16. Rajasthan Economic Journal, Vol. V No.1.
17. Swaminathan, M.S. (ed.) : Performance and Potential of Indian
Agriculture.
18. Khusro, AM. (ed.) : Readings in Agricultural Development.
19. Kulkarni, S.R. : The Theory and Practice of Co-operation, Vol 1,
Chapter 1-4 and Chapter 6.
20. International Co-operative Alliance (New Delhi) : The Role of Co-
operative in Social and Economic Development.
21. Bogardus, E.S. : Principles of co-operation, pp. 1-45
22. Hough, E.N. : Co-operative Movement in India (latest eduction)
23. Mohinder Singh: Co-operatives in Asia (1970) (On Isael, Japan,
Taiwan and India).
24. P.C. Jain: Co-operation (Hindi)

Group –A(II) : Industrial Economics

3Hrs Duration Max. Marks:100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

Unit – I

Nature and scope of Industrial Economics. The theory of the industrial firm. Profit maximization versus other objectives of
the industrial firm. Economies of scale of plant and the firm. Industrial Capital budgeting and financing.

Unit – II

Concepts of Productivity and Cost - Their measurement, Reasons for productivity and cost differences between firms and
industries. Introduction to the calculation and use of industrial input-output system. Inter Dependence between the consumer
and capital goods industries. Theory of location of industries.

Unit – III
Industrial growth in India since independence. Structure of industrial growth: Rates and Pattern of Growth. Industrial
Planning in India, Policies of self-reliance, import substitution and foreign collaboration.Industrial Large scale and small scale
industries in private sector with particular reference to financing.

Unit – IV

Meaning and Measurement of location, industrial concentration and policy towards industrial concentration. Public sector
industries: Growth, Structure, Problems of Public sector, Management, Pricing and overall efficiency. Regional distribution
and industrial sickness, construction of economic power: MRTP Act, MNC’s and their impact on Indian Economy, Swadeshi
way of industrialization.
Unit – V
Industrial Progress in Rajasthan since 1956, Policy and programmes to promote large and small scale industries, critical
assessment of industrial development during plans.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Robinson, E.A.G. : Structure of Competitive Industry (EH).
2. Leftwitch, R.N. : The Price System and Resources Allocation.
3. Kuchhai : Industrial Economy of India.
4. Bain, J.S.. : Industrial Organization, II ed. 1958.
5. Mehta, M.M. Measurement of Industrial Productivity.
6. Walter, Israd :Methods of Regional Analysis - An Introduction to Regional Science.

MGSU BIKANER [9]

 7. John, W. : Kenddrick : Productivity Trends in the United States, 1961, Introduction and Chap. I.
8. Utton, M.N. : Industrial Concentration, 1970.
9. Sen, A.K. : choice of Techniques, An Aspect of the Theory of Planned Economic Development, III ed., 1968.
10. Sinha and Sawhney : Wages and Productivity in Selected Indian of Industries, 1970, Chap. 1-3
11. Due, John F. & Frielande : Government Finance, Economies of the Public Sector, 4th ed., Irwin, 1969.
12. Y.K. Alagh : Regional distribution of industry in Economies.
13. Y.K. Alagh : Industrial Planning, Past Experience and Future targets, Economic and Political Weekly’s Issue on
Management, Aug. 30.
14. Raj K. Nigam (ed.) : Public Sector.
15. Government of Rajasthan : Techno-Economic Survey of Rajasthan.
16. Government of Rajasthan: Industrialization in Rajasthan.
17. Raj Krishna and S.S. Mehta : Productivity Trends in Large Scale Industries.

GROUP- A(III)
DEMOGRAPHY

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit - I

Definition and scope of population studies. Inter-relationship between population studies and other discipline. Composition
and economic structure of population. Basic principles of measurement of population growth. Fertility indicators and
determinants. Birth rate, General Fertility Rate, Gross and Net Reproduction Rates, Mortality Rates- Crude and specific
rates: life tables, Determinants of Fertility and Mortality.
Unit - II
Features of 2011 Census in India and Rajasthan. Theories of population growth - Ancient Thinking of Population issues.
Malthusian theory of population, Optimum theory of population. Biological theories: The Theory of Demographic Transition.
Unit - III
Impact of Population growth on Economic Development. Quantitative methods in the management of health services, cost
and benefit analysis; Input-Output analysis. Health insurance, Health Planning.

Unit - IV

Health system in India, evaluation of health, world health organization, Objective, working and structure. Public expenditure
on medical and health by central and state government (Rajasthan). A review of Indian and State Health Policy. Review of
family planning - India and Rajasthan.

Unit - V

Population and Economic Development. Population and Environment. Release and disposal of waste, sewage and solid
waste, transportation, civil amenities, slums etc. Population and growth - causes and consequences of rapid growth of world
population.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

1. Ghosh, B.N. : Population Economics (1993), Deep & Deep Publicatons.

2. Raina, B.L. : Population Policy (1988), B.R. Publishing Corp. Delhi.
3. Ashish : India and Asian Population Perspective.
4. Eox, Peser R. : Demography, Universal Book Stall, New Delhi.
5. Bose Ashish : India and Asian Population Thedology.
6. Tau Chi Asian, Madhavan K. and Krishan P. : Readings in
Population Research: Policy Methodology and Perspectives.

Group A(IV)
Banking System

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

MGSU BIKANER [10]

 Unit – I
The Financial system, meaning, structure and importance. Indicators of financial development. Fundamental banking
principles. Principles of Assets and Liability Management. Structure and Analysis of a specimen balance sheet of
commercial bank. Structure of commercial banks. Unit, Branch, Mixed and consortium banking. Economics of deposit
creation.

Unit – II
Inter-relationship among money supply, output, prices and national income. Money supply determinants: Money Multiplier
and High Powered Money. Role of Central Bank in Developed and Developing Countries Techniques and problems of
Monetary Management. Monetary Policy in Developing countries with special reference to India. Choosing between money
supply and interest rate monetary policy. Money and capital market in developed and developing economics.

Unit – III
International financial markets : features, financial instruments. Working of London Money Market, New York Money Market.
Euro currency and Asian Dollar Market. Rate of Interest, Security Prices and Yields. Level and structure of interest rates.
Regional Financial Institutions -Objectives, Achievements and Problems of Asian Development and Inter-American
Development Bank. The role of IMF and World Bank in developing countries.

Unit – IV
Indian Banking System as on the eve of Bank Nationalization. Structure and Development of commercial Banking in India
Since 1969. Branch Expansion Programme and Policy. Deposit Mobilisation and sectoral allocation of Bank credit. Concept
of social and mass banking: Priority sector advances and advances to neglected sections. Diversification of banking
business. Productivity of Banking Sector. Regional disparities in commercial banking development. Internationalization of
Indian Banking - Deregulation, Liberalization, competition and Modern Technology. Problems and Challenges of Commercial
Banks of India.

Unit – V
Financial Sector Reforms in India. Rural Banking - An overview of the progress of main credit co-operative institutions.
Regional Rural Banks and its importance in changing environment. NABARD, Structure of Development Banks in India.
Overall Achievements and shortcomings of term lending with special reference to IFCI, IDBI, UTI and LIC. Money and
capital markets in India. Main features. Instruments and recent trends. Overall Review of the present regulatory and
supervisory system and need for its strengthening in future Banking in Rajasthan.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. S.B. Gupta: Monetary Economics, Oxford.
2. R.S. Sayers: Modem Banking.
3. A.K. Basu : Fundamentals of Banking Theory and Practice.
4. P.N. Reddy and H.R. Appannaiah: Banking Theory and Practice
5. Jhingon M.L. : Monetary Economics.
6. M.C. Vaish : Modem Banking
7. S.G. Panandiker : Banking in India.
8. S.K. Muranjan: Modern Banking in India.
9. K.N. Raj: The Monetary Policy of RBI.

Group A(V)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SURVEY TECHNIQUES
3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100
Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit - I
Sample survey : Principles of sample survey, Stages of a survey, practical problems in planning executions and analysis of
survey. Random number tables and their use in simple random and probability proportional to size selection. Expectation,
concept of sampling errors and standard errors. Non-sampling errors. Mechanical handling of data coning.

Unit - II
Critical study of the sample design and questionnaires of the NS consumer expenditure survey, the Rural Credit Survey and
the Annual Survey of Industries. Sampling design : random sampling, with replacement and without replacement

Unit - III
Stratified sampling. Two stage sampling, Estimation of mean and standard errors. proportional and optimal and Neyman’s
allocation. Relative efficiency of WR and WTR, SRS and stratified sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling cost
functions.

Unit - IV
Tests of significance - large sampling test for mean proportions and variance. Small sample test based on 2, t, F and Z
distribution analysis and F distribution analysis of variance-one way and two way classification.

MGSU BIKANER [11]

 Unit - V
Regression analysis with one and two explanatory variables. Multiplicative and additive models, Growth Equations,
Estimation of regression parameter and their standard errors.

Concept of multi Co-linearity and autocorrelation. Interpretation of estimated structural equation with all the summary
statistics viz. standard errors and the coefficient of determination. The problem of curve fitting. Fitting of linear, exponential
and parabolic trend curves.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Sukhame, P.V. and others: Sampling Theory of Survey with Application.
2. Couchreaane: Sampling Techniques.
3. Murti, M.N. : Sampling Methods.
4. Taro Yamame : Statistics Methods.
5. Des Raj: Sample Design.
6. Rao P. and Miller: Applied Economics.
7. Gupta and Kapoor: fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Vol I and II.
8. C.R. Kothari: Research Methodology.
9. Raj Ahuja: Research Methodology

GROUP:A(VI)
MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit - I
Theory of demand. the derivation of slutsky equation for two commodity and commodity budgets. Elasticity relations in
demand theory. Linear expenditure system.
Unit - II
Production function : Leontief function, Cobb Douglas function, C.E.S. function. Elasticity of substitution. Derivation of cost
functions. Supply function and factor demand.
Unit - III

Cobweb and other simple models in the dynamic equilibrium of a single sector. The use of single sector models in the theory
of taxation. Mathematical representation of supply of money, demand for money, export and imports. The basic multiplier,
accelerator models of Hicks and Samuelson.
Unit - IV
Simple foreign trade multiplier models. Harris-Todaro model of migration and unemployment. John Robinson’s model of
capital accumulation. Growth Models - Harmod- Domar, kaldor, Solow, Meade’s Neo-classical model of economic growth.
Unit - V
Introductory input and output analysis. Introductory, linear programming— graphic, simplex and duality problems. Theorem.
Introduction to non-linear programming.
Mathematics of project appraisal portfolio optimization. Introductory Game Theory.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

1. Henderson, J.M. and R.E. Quant :Micro Economic Theory. Chapters 2,3 and 4.
2. Lancasters, K.J. : mathematical Economics, Chapter 6.
3. Hicks, lR. :Capital and Growth, Chapter 12.
4. Allen, R.G.D. : Macroeconomic Theory, Chapters 6, 7, 11, 12, 14 and 17.
5. Allen, R.G.D. Mathematical Economics, Chapter 1.
6. Stone, R., : Mathematics in the Social Science, Chapter 7.
7. Gass : Linear Programming Chapter 5 and 6.
8. Heady, E.O. : Agricultural Supply Functions, Chapter 1.
9. Evans, M.K. : Macro Economic Activity, Chapter 13.
10. Taro Yamne : Mathematics for Economists.
11. B.C. Mehta: Mathematical Economics: Micro Economic Models.
12. Hicks, l.R. : Theory of Wages; Mathematical, Micro Economic Models.
13. Kindlebergr, C.P. : International Economics, Appendices.
14. M.L. lhingan : The Economics of Development and Planning.
15. G.M.K. Madnani : Mathematical Economics.

16. Introduction to Mathematical Economics: Schaum’s outline series.

17. A.C. Chiang: Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics.
18. Todaro & Stephen C. Smith: Economic Development

MGSU BIKANER [12]

 Group B(i)
Labour Economics

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

Unit – I
Salient features of Trade Union in General; Functions, Structures and Finances of Trade Union. Detailed study of Trade
Union Movement in India; Major trade unions; memberships and their policy in India. Salient features of trade union in UK
and USA Employers organization in India. Functions and Achievements of International Labour Organization; ILO and India.

Unit – II
Labour Market : Characteristics of Labour Market, Wage Theories; Marginal Productivity, Demand and Supply and Collective
Bargaining. Problems of Collective Bargaining in India. Industrial dispute : Prevention and Settlement. Negotiation and
collective agreements.

Unit – III
Wage Payment: Methods of wages payment, Incentive wage payment, system of wages payment in India. Exploitation of
Labour, Causes of wages differentials, economy of high wages. Wages of Industrial and agricultural workers in India.
Standard of living of workers in India.

Unit – IV
Organization, Functions and Achievements of Employment Service, Organization in UK and USA (in general). Methods of
labour recruitment in India, National Employment Service Organization in India. Man Power Planning in India. A critical study
of the working of conciliation of arbitration in India.
Unit – V
Factory Legislation and Labour Welfare: Main features of present legislation in India. Social Security in the UK, USA and
India (in general). Labour Welfare in India: Policy and Measures.
SUGGESTED BOOKS
1. Paul Sultan: Labour Economics, Henry Holt.
2. Gitlow, A.L. : Labour and Industrial Society.
3. Peling, H. : A History of British Trade Unionism.
4. Sinha, G.P. and Sinha P.R.N. : Industrial Relations and Labour Legislation, Oxford RH.
5. Pant, S.C. : Indian Labour Problems.
6. Punekar and Nadhuri : Trade Union Leadership in India.
7. Herold Orouch: Trade Union and Politics in India.
8. Millen, H. : The Political Role of Labour in Developing Countries
9. Collective Bargaining: A Workers Education Manual (ILO)
10. Flanders, A (ed.) : Collective Bargaining.
11. Johari, C.K. : Unionism in a developing economy.
12. Yoder, D. and Heneman : Labour Economics and Industrial
13. Relations, South Western Publishing CO.
14. Carter, AM. : Theory of Wages and Employment.
15. Gitlow, AL. : Labour and Industrial Society.
16. Singh, V.B. (ed.) : Industrial Labour of India.
17. Bloom and Northrup: Economics of Labour Relations.
18. Sindha, M.R. (ed.) : The Economics of Manpower Planning.
19. Nigam, S.B.L. State Regulation of Minimum Wages.
20. Polkar, S.A : Problems of Wage Policy for Economic Development.
21. Dobb, M. : Wages (E and H).
22. Johari, C.K. (ed.) : Issue in Indian Labour Policy.
23. Gilbert, B. : The Evaluation of National Insurance in Great Britain

GROUP B(ii)
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

MGSU BIKANER [13]

 Unit - I
Fundamentals of Environmental Economics - Ecosystems Definition and role of Economics. Scope of Environmental
Economics. Basic Theory of Environmental Economics. Environmental Quality as a public good. Environmental problems in
developed and developing economies.
Unit - II
Natural Resources. Economies and conservation of natural resources. Environmental Pollution - Types of pollution. Air
Pollution : Atmosphere, types of air pollutants. Sources of air pollution, Effects of air pollution on vegetation agriculture,
forest, animal, social and human being. Global consequences of air pollution, Noise, Radiation and Space Pollution.

Unit - III
Water Pollution. Source of water pollutants, industrial and agriculture pollutants. effects of water pollution on agriculture,
vegetation, animals and human being. Waste water treatments. Impact and use, Global Polluter, Impact of pesticides and
Fertilizers on environment and health. Impact of air, land and water pollution agriculture. Agriculture without pollution.

Unit - IV
Important concepts and issues in environmental protection, Cost benefit Analysis, the Environmental costs of economic
growth. Limits to growth, environmental issue in developed and developing Economies. The concept of Sustainable
development.

Unit - V
Indian Philosophy of sustainable development Views of Ancient Indian Thinkers, Jain Philosophy, Gandhian Philosophy and
Deen Dayal Upadhyay’s concept of Ekatma Arthniti. sustainable Development strategies for agriculture, industry, natural
resources, deserts energy production and fisheries. Brief study of international organizations in the field of Environment and
Development - World Commission of Environment and Development (WCED), World Bank and World Wide Fund (WWF.)
Environmental Policy of Govt. of India and Rajasthan.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

1. Karpagam, M.: Environmental Economics, Sterling publishers Pvt. Ltd.

2. Simonis E. Udo : Ecology and Economics Policy.

3. Barbier, Edward B. : Economics: natural Resource Scarcity and Development, Earthscan Publication (1989),
London. .
4. Pearce, D.W. : Environmental Economics, Longman.
5. Hamrin, Robert D. : A Renewable Resource Economy, Praeger (1983).
6. Katyal, Timmy and Satake : Environmental Pollution, Anmol Publications, New Delhi.
7. Chand Attar: Environment challenges, UDH Publishers, Delhi.
8. Sekor Singh (ed.) : Environmental Policy in India, Indian institute of Public Administration New Delhi.
9. Nathawat, Shashtri and Vyas : Man, Nature and Environmental Law (1988), RBSA Publisher, Jaipur
10. Swami Nathan M.S. and Jana S. : Biodiversity Implications for Global Security, M.C. Millan Publishers, New Delhi
(1994).
11. Lodha, S.L. and Mahendra Lodha: Economics of Environment.

GROUP:B(iii)
REGIONAL ECONOMICS

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit - I
Regional Economics : Scope and Importance. Regions and their types. Economics of Location, General Factors affecting
location. Weber’s theory of locations, Sargant Florence, Edgar Hoover, Plunder Green hut and island on industrial location
Unit - II
Hotelling Principle. Quotient, coefficient of specialization, coefficient of localization curve, shift and share analysis, Mix and
share analysis.

Unit - III
Regional Flows: Commodity and service flows versus Monetary flows and capital, input output analysis, Regional Multiplier
and Industrial complex analysis.

Unit - IV
Special theories of regional growth: Cumulative causation theory of Myrdal growth : Centres and Growth Points. Regional
planning concepts, Regional plan Vs. National Plan.
MGSU BIKANER [14]
 Unit - V
Linear Programming Technique, Balanced Regional Development, Regional inequalities in India. Economic Planning in
Rajasthan.

SUGGESTED BOOKS

1. Shrivastava, O.S. : Regional Economics Theoretical Issues, Anniol Publications, New Delhi. .
2. Misra, Sundaram and Rao. : Regional Development Planning in India.
3. Mahesh Chand and V.K. Puri : Regional Planning in India, Allied Publishers, 1990

Group B (iv)
History of Economic Thought

3 hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.

Unit - I
Malthus theory of population and theory of under consumption. Mercantilism, Physiocrates - Quesnay’s Teblleau
Economique - Concept of surplus growth (theory - Taxation and role of government). Classical school. Adam Smith : The
invisible hand doctrine, Wealth of Nation, Laissez faire, labour profits and wages, modem revival of Adam Smith - critiques of
Adam Smith.

Unit – II
Critics of the classical school Sismondi, List and the Nationalist ,school. Restatement of the classical positions, senior and
the four postulates. J.S. Mill - Four proposition and capital. Demand and supply bifurcation. The wage fund. Rehabilitation by
Caireness stationary state version-non- competing groups. Evolution of socialist thought - Utopian, Socialism, Saint Simon
Owen Blane Fourier, Proudhon. Scientific Socialist.

Unit - III
Karl Marx - Effort at scientific socialism organic composition of capital. Breakdown of capitalism- Reserve army of labour -
critiques of Marx. Modern revival of Marx in Economics. The German Historical School and the development of Marginalism.
The Neo- Classical School Marshall. Twentieth century economic thought,- main features only, The rise of Keynesianism,
the rise of Mathematical Economics. Dynamics and Econometrics, Critical evaluation of the development of economic
thought.

Unit - IV
Economic ideas of ancient - Indian thinkers - Manu, Shukra and Kaultiya.

Economic Thoughts of Dada Bhai Naroji, Mahadev Govind Ranade and Gopal Krishan Gokhale. Economic Thinking of R.C.
Dutt., M.N. Roy.

Unit - V
Economic Ideas of Mahatma Gandhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya, V.K.R.V. Rao, B.R. Ambedkar. Major
Economic Research Work of J.K. Mehta, Raj Krishna, Amartya Sen and P.R Brahman.

Suggested books
1. Haney: History of Economic Thought.
2. Eric Rol : History of Economic Thought.
3. Gide and Rist : History of Economic Doctrine.
4. M.C Vaish: History of Economic Thought.
5. B.L. Gupta: Value and Distribution System in Ancient India.
6. B.N. Ganguli - Indian Economic Thought - A 19th Century Perspective.
7. R.C. Dutt. : Economic History ofIndia Vol. I & II.
8. Amartya Sen: Inequality Re-examined.
9. Vijay Krishna: Writings of Rajkrishna.

MGSU BIKANER [15]

 Group B(v)
ECONOMETRICS
3hrs. duration Max. Marks: 100
Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10 questions two from each unit of 2 marks
each. The candidate is required to answer al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall
contain 5 questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks. The answers should not
exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks
each, one from each unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not exceed 500 words.
Unit - I
Single equation regression model. The theory of classical least squares, Properties of regression coefficient in the least
square regression. Generalized least square. Maximum likelihood estimates of the regression parameters. Multiple
regression analysis.

Unit - II
Illustration of estimated demand. Supply and production functions from Indian data. Durban Watson (DW) test for testing the
independence of disturbances. Treatment of first order Markov Schemel. Violation of important assumptions.
Autocorrelation, Hetroscedasticity.

Unit – III
Aitken’s, generalized least squares. Multicolinearity, use of extraneous information. Specification bias. Dummy variables.
Instrumental variables. Lag model. Autocorrelation in Lag models. Adaptive expectation and adjustment models.
Unit - IV
Simultaneous equation models, Structural equations, reduced form equations. Identification problem, rank and Order
conditions. Estimation of structural parameters through indirect least square and two stage least squares.
Unit – V
Stationarity, unit roots, co-integration-spurious regression, Dickey-Fuller Test, Engle-Granger Test, Random walk Model,
Forecasting with ARIMA modeling; Box-Jenkins methodology.
Books Recommended:
1. Johnson, J : Econometric Methods.
2. Theil, H : Introduction to Econometrics.
3. Intrilligator : Econometrics.
4. Rao and Miller: Applied Econometrics.
5. Madnani, G.M.K. : Introduction to Econometrics - Principles and Application.
6. Johson, Johson & Buse : Economics: Basic and Applied.
7. Studenmud and Cassidy: Using Econometrics: A Practical Guide.
8. Salvadore, D. : Statistics and Econometrics.
9. Gujarati, D.N. : Basic Econometrics.
10. Kmenta J. : Elements of Econometrics.
11. Maddala, G.S. : Econometrics.
12. Koutsoyianis, A. : Theory of Econometrics.

Group B(vi)
CASE STUDY/SURVEY REPORT

Max. Marks: 100

The Case Study Report/Survey Report/Field Work shall be hand written(min. 100 pages) and submitted in triplicate and
should be submitted in the office of the Registrar atleast 3 weeks before the commencement of the theory examination of
final year. Only those candidates shall be permitted to offer case study/Field work/Survey report who have secured at least
55% marks in the aggregate in previous class.

N.B. (i) Non-Collegiate candidates are not eligible to offer case study/survey report/field survey.

MGSU BIKANER [16]