20

COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL EOUIPMENT

Th€ cboicc of appropriate equipmen! oflen is influenced by construction and performance cbamcleristics other than lhe basic
considerations of pric¿- A lower eliciency or a $horter lif€ may bc ones also are provided. Although graphs are easily read and can
compe¡sated fo¡ by a lower price. Funds may be low at lhe lime of bíng oul. clearly desirable comparisons betweeú related t]?es of
purchase and expected to be olore abundant lá!er, or the cconomic equipm€nt, algeb¡aic rcprcsentation has been adopted herc.
life of the process js expected lo be limited. Ahcrnate kinds of Equalions are capable of consistent reading, part¡cularly in
equipmenr ior the same seryice may necd lo be considered: compa¡ison with interpo¡at¡on on logarilhmic scales, and are
*ater'cool¿d exchangers vs. air cool€rs, concrerc cooling towers vs, amenable to iDcorporalion io cor¡puter programs,
redwood, 6lters vs. centrifu8es, oneumatic conveyors vs. screw or Urless otherwhe indicaEd, the r¡oit price is 91000, $K. Exccpr
bucket elevators. and so on. where indicarcd, notably for frred heaters, refrigeration systeús,
In this cbapter, lhe prices of class€s of the ¡nost frequendy used and cooli¡g towcrs (which a¡e installed pdces), the prices are
equipment are ccllected in ihe fo¡m of corrclating equations. Tbe puchasc prices, FOB, with delivery charges ex1ra. ln the United
prices are giyen in terms of appropriate key charac¡eristics of lhe States delivery charge¡ are of the order of 5¿l¿ of the purchase prjce,
equipment, such as sqft, gpm, lb/hr, etc. F¡ctors for materials of but, of course, dep€ndcnt on the unit value, as cost per !b or per

ExAMrr-E 20,1 ¿ =0 85,

ftrsl¡lled Cobl of ¡ Distürtio^ Tow€l
Shel and lrays ¿rre mad€ of AISI 304 stainless steel. Dimensional
data arei C, = 37s.8 explo.1739(4)l = 7s3.4,
cp, = 204.9(4)D 6332(2n)o o0'6 = 22,8'19,
D = 4lt, purchasc price C = 1.7(101,726) + 58(1.42X0.85X?53.4)
L = 120 fi, + 22,879
N= 58 sieve tr¿ys, = $248,(a6
'
wall rhickness ¡¡ 0-50 in. for prcssure.
From Tabl€ 20.1, thc ¡¡stallation faclo¡ is 2.1 so lhal the installcd
,á =0.?5 in. ar thc bouonr, pricc is
flarged and dished heads weigh 325 tb cach,
weight ,v = Inl4)( Ió)(120(o.5112)(50r) + 2(32s) = 3z,r29 ch"r,.d = 2. l(248,ó46) = $522,156
rE,
C, = expl7. l23 + 0. 1478(I0.38) + 0.02488(10.38),
A tower packcd with 2 in. pali rings instcad of rrays:
+ 0.0153( 120/4) in(0.?s/0..s0)l
= )01.'126 packing volume vp = (r/4)(4)'?(120) = 1508 cuft,
c¡"¡¡"¿ = 2.1Ít .7 (101 ,72ó) + I 508(23.0) + 22, S79)
12= l. t89 + 0.0571(1\ - 1 .420, - $484,044

8 ,4,vfl,E 20.2 belt dr¡ve coupljng, C = 1.2 exp[3.ó89 + 0.89]7(5.a2)l

Pu¡chffed and l¡slálled Prices of Soñe EqüipE€nl
= $6008,
¡. A box type fired heater wilh CrMo tubes for pyrolys¡s at
tolai installed cost, + 6008)
l500psig wilh a duly of 40 million Bru/hr. F¡om ltem No. l0
C¡orlr = 1.3(162,210 + 8113

(Table 20.1), ¡he insrallcd price is = s229,2i0.

3ó
cr,¡rr"¿ = 33.8(1.0 + 0.10 + 0.ls)(40)0
= 1008.32 K$, $r,008,320. c. A two-stage steam ejeclor *ith onc surfacc condenser 10 handie
200lb/hr of air al 25 Torr, in carbon sleel const¡uc!¡on. From
b. A 225 HP-reciprocatjng compressor with motor drive and belt
Table 20.3 the installation factor is 1.7.
drive coupliog. Items Nos. 2 and 13 (Table 20.1). The
insrallation factor is 1.3.
compress()r C= 5960(225\a6t = 162,210, X =2I 25:8,
molor, 1800rpm, TEFC, C - 1.2 r.6, f,=1.8, [3= r.0
x cxp[4.5347 + $.57065(5.42) + 0_040ó9(5.42)?] ^-
purchase c = l1( l.6)(1.8(1.0x8))fr¡r = 74.31 K$, S74,310,
= $81l:1, installed C= l-7cp = $126,330.

663
664 COSTS oF INDIVIDUAL EoTJIPMENT

cufi. Multipliers havc beeo developcd whereby lhe iosralled cost of other standard mater¡als are given for many of the i1€ms covered
várious kiods of equipmen( may be tound, Such multipliers r¡nge here. Usually only the pa¡ts in contact with prccess subsrances need
from L2 lo 3.0, but delails are shown in fable 20.3. be of specia¡ construction, so that, in gen€ral, the multipliers lre
Dala a¡e tak€n from a numher of publ.ishcd sources and are not always as great as they are for vessels tb¡t are made entirely of
updaled to the beginnjng of 1985 with the cost ¡ndexes of Chemical special mated¿ls. Th s, when the tube sidc of an excba¡ge¡ is
Engínee.ing Maeaziae, a seleclion of whicb is ¡n Table 20.2. The special and thc shell is carbon steel, the m¡¡ltipl¡cr will vary with the
main sources and the dates of their prjces are Hall et al. (1981), amount of tube surface, as shown in thal Tection.
lnstitut Francais du Pelrole (1975), and Evans er al. (1979). As with most collections of data, the price data conelated here
References also are made to price data of some equipmcDt not exhibit a ccfain amount of scattcr. This ¡s due in pan to the
covered ie¡e. Ma¡y data as of m¡d-1982 have bcen collected by ¡nconplete charactcrizations in terms of wh¡ch lhe cofielations are
Uhich (1984). Perry's Chemical Engineers Ha dbook (7984) has made, but ako to variations ¡mong manufacturers, qualilies of
lnany dáta scartcrcd lhroughout; the page numbers having such dara constn¡ction, design diffe¡ences, market s¡lualions, a¡d other
are listed in rhe reference (Creen, 1984). factors, Accordingly, the accuracy of the correlations cannot be
Materia¡ of constmction is a major factor ¡n th€ price of claimed to be better than +25% or so.
equipmcnt so that multipliers for prices lelative to carbon steel or

TABLE 20.1. lndex ol Equipment

1. Ag¡tators FalÍ¡ng film

2, Compressors, tu rbines, fan3 10. Fi¡ed heaters
Centrilugal compressors Box typsg
Rociprocating comp¡6ssors Cyljndr¡caltypes
Screw compr€!Bors ll. Heói e¡ch¿ng6rs
Turbinss ShelJ-and-lub€
Pressurc d¡scharg€ Ooubl€ pipe
Vacuum d¡schárg€
12, M€chanical sep€rarorc
C€ntriiuges
Troughed boll Cyclone sepa16tors
Flat bolt
Stand€rd duty
Ivluhiclone
Disksep6rators
F¡lrers
4. Cooling lowsrs RoGryvacüum belr discharge
Rotary vacuum scrapar d¡schargs
Rot¿ry vacuuñ d¡sk
5. Carshers and grinders Hori¿ontslvaclum bett
Cone cru6hor
GyÉtorycrusher Plate-¿ndJrar¡o
Vibratjng sc.eens
13. Motors ¿nd coupl¡ngs
Ballmill
Selt dr¡ve coupl¡ng
6. crystalliz€rs Cháin dr¡ve coupj¡ng
Ext€rnal lorcsd cjrcul¡tion Variabl€ spe€d dnve couptins
1nt€rnaldraft tub6 14. Pumps
Balch vacuum C€ntrlfugál
7. Distillation and aborpt¡oñ tovvers Venicalmixedfow
O¡sl¡llation tray tow€rs V6rtica I ax¡al flow
Absorpr¡on tráy towers Gáar pufips
nec¡procating pumps
E. Drye¡s '15. Refigsrai¡on
Rotary, coñbust¡on gas heated 16. Sl€am e¡€ctors and vacuum pumps
RoGry, hot a¡r n€atsd Ej€ctors
Forary, steam tub€ healed

Hor¡zontal pressure vessels

Multipl€ h€ann turnacs Ven¡cal pressur€ vessels
9. Eváporators Siorage tanks, shop fabr¡cated
Forced circul¿rion Slorag6 t€nks, l¡0ld erected
tong tubs
 COSTS OF INDIVIDUAL EOUIPMENT 665
TABLE 20.2. Purchase pric€s ol Proca$r Equipment (Baslc: CE plant Cosr lndex 3AS, M¡ddle i9B5)
=

l. Agit lor¡ 3, convsyors (lFP) Ka

lMeyers ¡ncj Kiñe, C¡em. E g.,109-112(27Sep. 1976)¡ Troughod beh: C= t.40Lo6€, 10<t<l3OOfl
C=expf¿ + óln HF + c{ln HP}'?l $, 1<HP<400
Flat belt: C= 0.90106, tO<¿<1300ft
Screw (steel)l C =O.40Lo1s, 7<t<100ft
Singl€ lmp€llér Dual lmpellel Screw {sta¡nless sra6l}: C = O10Lo 7 < ¿ < 100
n, fi
Eucket elovator: C = 4.22Lo tO<l<tOOñ a,
Sp€8d 1
Pn€umdtic conveyor lchemical Eng¡neers Handbook, Mccraw-Hill.
C6rbon a 8.57 8.43 8.31 8.80 8.50 8.43 Nsw York, 1984), 600 ft leñgth
b 0.1195 -0.0880 -0.1368 0.1603 0.0257 -0.1981 c = exp13.5612 - 0.0044 tn |ry+ 0.0913{tn W}'¡], ro<W<100ktb/hr
c 0.0819 0.1123 0.1015 0.0659 0.0878 0.1239
Type 316 a 8.82 8.55 8.52 s.25 8.82 A,72 4. Cooling towsrr in6rsll€d Ki
b 0.2474 0 0308 -0.1802 0.2441 0.1?35 -A.1225 concrets {lFP) C= 135fo061, T<o<60Kgat/minl
c c.0654 C 0943 0.1154 0.0542 0.0818 0.1075 ar ('C) 10 12 15
1.0 T.5 2_O
Spseds 1: 30,37, and 45 rpm
2: 55, ff,,84, añd 100rpÍr Redwood, w¡thout basin .t.S<
{Hatt): C= 33.gooa6, O < 20 K gat/rñ¡n
3: 125, 155, 190, and 230 lpm
5. Crushers a¡d gr¡nders (tF?) K¡
2. Comp.6sors, turbi¡es, ¡nd lans (K$l
Cons crusher: C -1.55W1 ú, 20< tV<3oorons/hr
Centriiugal comor66sors, wilhout drivers (lFP, 198¡):
Gyratory crusher: C = 8.OWo &, 2E < ty< 200 ions/hr
c=6.49lHPto6'? K$, 2oo<HP<3o,ooo Jsw crusheri c =63ttf'6', to<w<200lons/hr
Hañrner milt: C =2.44wo1s, 2< fy<2O0tons/hr
Rsc¡procating compressors without dr¡ver6 {lFP): B€ll mil: C = 5O.OWo 6e, 1<W<30rons/ñ.
Pulvet¡zstt C =22.6woÁs, I < W<sroñs/hr
c= 5.96iHPJo61 K$, too<HP< 2o,ooo

6. Cryst ll¡¿ér5 llFP, Chem¡cal Enginee$' Handboot, p.1S.4Ol

Screw compr€Bsors with drivers {lFF}:
Éxtsrnal íorcsd circutationl
c= 1.49(HPro'¡: K$, 1c<HP<8oo
C = fexp[4.868 + 0.30921n W + O.Aí¿eltn wl'1].
Turbines flFP): 1o<W< 100 klb/hr of crystals

Prcssuredisch€rge, C=0.31(HP)osl K$, 20<Hp<5000 lñternal draft tube: C = 63, 15 < W< 100 ktb/hr
li'f
Wo oi crystats
vacuum dischargs, C = 0.69lHP)o31 KS. 200 < HP< 8O0O Batch v6cuum: C =a.$fvoa7, 50 < y< tOOo cutr of vessot

Fans with moicrs {Ulrich) Tvpe Mater¡al I

Mild stoel 1.0
c = f^fp expls + b l^ O + c{ln o)'?| instsll€d cost, K$, O ¡n KSCFT',,| Stainless lype 304 2.5
Mild 5t6él 1.0
áboo Rubboñl¡ned 1.3
Rad¡al blades 0.4692 0.1203 Sbinless type 304 2.0
0.0931 2-500
Backwérd c\rrved 0.0400 0.1821 0.0786 2-900
Propeller -0.d456 0.2211 0.0820 2-300 7, Dil¡llrtion end ábso.ption towoB, rray ¡¡d pack6d {lvans €t 61.,
1984) prlces l¡ J
guide vanes -1.0181 0.3332 0.0647 2-500
materials lactor, fn
C,= íCb+ Nlzl3¡¿Ct + Cp1

Carbon sieel
Fib6rglass 4.O
Stainless sl6ol CD = expl7.123 + 0.1478(ln Wl+ O.024SSlln ,V)'?
llickel alloy 11.0 + 0.0r5801r/D) rn(rblt)1,
9020< W<2/470,000|bs of sh€ll exclusive ol nozzles ¡nd sl¡n
Pressure Factors, F, C, =375.8exp10.1739D), 2< D< 16ft tray diámeler
N - númber of tr€ys
C€nrr ugsl c". = zo4sDo e2 La 3013, 2 < D < 24,
57< t< 170 ft (plalforms and ladders)
(kPalsosell Curv€d Prop. vane
hr.
1.0 1.0 1.00 Sra¡nless sl€el. 304 1.7 1.189 +0.0577D
1

T Sla¡nless siael,3l6 2.1 1.401 t 0.O724D

2 1.15 1.15 1.¡5 Carpentór 20C8-3 3.2 1.525 + 0.07880
1.30 1.30 t,ao Nick6l-200 5.4
0 1.45 r.45 3.6 2.306+ 0.1120D
lnconel400
1.6C lñcoloy€25 3.7
"6 7 .7 t¿oh¡jnue.tl
656 cosrs oF TNDTVTDUAL EourPMENr

f ABLE 20,2-|co n t i n u ed I

Tr¡y Typos t,
1.00
Grid 0.80 C= Fexp{0.8403 + 0.8526 n x)- 0.0229{tn x)'?,
Eubble cao 1.59
Sieve {w¡th do\,Yncomer) 0.85 30< x< 30001b/hr evapor8l¡on
Ma¡erial F
f. = 2.25111.0414)Ñ. when the number ol trays ,V is less thán 20 C8rbon steel 0.33
304,321 1.00
f¿ is ihe thickn6ss of th€ sh€ll ar lhe bottom, l, is lhicknoss r€quirod for 316 1.13
ih€ operat¡ng pressura. O is the diamet€r of the shell and tray, ¿ is Mon€l 3.0
lang€ntro-r¿ngeni lenglh ol ths shell 3.67

Multiple hearth fur¡Eces lHalt sl at., 19841

C= sxp(a +0.88,V). 4< /V< 14 numb€r of h€snhs

Cb = exp16.629 + 0.1826(ln Wl + O.O22g7lln wl2l,
Á250 < W<980.000lb shell Diamsr€r (ft) 6.0 10.0 14.25 16.75 18.75 22.25 26;t5
co,=246.4Do'1*L"'*, 3< D <21, Sqft/heEnh. 12 36 69 r19 172 244 U2
27<¿<¿m ft (ptatlorms ¿nd taddersl, a 5.071 5.295 5.521 5.719 5.853 5.014 6.094
t,, ¿, /e and /a as for distillation
L Eveporalors (lFP; .l.o Chemicsl Énglí.ers H.ndbook, p. 11.¡12)
Forc6d circulatlon: C = t- exp|5.9785 - 0.60561tn A) + 0.0851 4fln A)'zI,
150< A< 8000 sqft heat transf€r surlsca
C=i1cb+UoCe+Ce1 Long rube: c = o.ser-,nor6, 300<,4<zo,oo0sqft
Falling flm 1316 internats, carbon sleet shsttl
ve is volum€ of packing, Cp is cost of pack¡ng $/cuft
C = 6xp13.2362 - 0.0t26{tn Al +0.0244!1n Al2l, 150<A<4O0Osqft
Picking Type Cp (S./c'¡ftl
Ceram¡c R€schia rinos. 1 in. Forc€d-Ckculstion Ev6poaatoag
ñletsl Raschiq ñnEs,-1 in.
lntalox saddl6s, 1 ln. 19.6 CoFtsustion Mátorial: Shcll/Tubc
C€ramic Rsschig rinqs, 2 in. r3.6
I^
l¡6t¿l Raschio rinos, 2 in. 23.0
M6t€l Pall ring6, t in. Stssl/copp€r I-00
lntálox sáddles, 2 ¡n. 13.6 1.35
Met€l Pall rings, 2 ¡n. 23.0 N¡cteUn¡ckel r.80

E. Dry.rs {lFPl
Rotary combust¡oh g-as h€ated: C={1 + L + fñ)€xp14.9b04 0.5827{h Long-Tube Eyapo¡¡1or6
A)+0.092511n A)'1, 200 < A < 30,000 sqtr l¿leról súrface
C,onstruc¡¡on Mar€rirl: Sh€ll/Tubs
Rotary hot air hasr€d: C=2.38{1 +L+f.)Aos, Zo0<A<4000sqft
Steel/copper 1.0
Rotary steam tuber C= 1.83F4?e, E0o<4 <18,000sqft rube sur- Steel/sl6el 0.5
lac6, F = 1 for csrbon sl€sl, F= 1.75 for 304 lainlgss Steel/Elum¡num o.7
Cabiñ€l dry€ri C--1.\sfpAan, 10<A< 50sqft rr€y surl¿ce Nickel/nickel 3.3

10. F¡red hlatsrs, insl¡llsd {H¡ll} K$

Box type: C = l{1 + á + fe)Oo
m, 20 < O < 200 M Btu/hr
Atmosph6r¡c pr€ssu16 1.0
2.O k
Carbon steel
Msrül€l tñ CrMo steel 33.8
Stainless 45.0
Mild steel 1.0 De5ign Typo
Sralñless lypo 3m 1.4
0
0.10
R¡1.¡;ner {withóur
calalysO 0.35

Drying Gos Dca¡gn P.casuro. (psi) L

Llp to 5oo 0
Hot air 0.00 1,000 0.10
Combustioñ 9ás (direcr conractl o.t2 1,500 0.15
2,000 0,25
Cornbustion gas {ind¡r€ct conracr} 0.35 2,500 0.40
3,000 0.60
Mat.d!lg Cyl¡nd.icaliype: + tollo6',2<
C = kll+ fc O < 30 M Bru/hr
0.00 Tube Mátsr¡ll k
Lin€d whh sta¡nlsss 304-20% 0.25
Lin€d whh sta¡nloss 316-20% Carbon sle6l 27.3
0.50 40.2
Sl¿inlesc 42.0
f ABLE 20,z-lco nt i n u e d I

oesign Typ€ l" Filt6rs {Hall), pric€s in $/sqft:

Cylindric3l 0
OoLúherm 0 ril rotary vacuum b€lt discharge: C =éxpll1.2O 1.2252\tn Al
Design Pressure {psil tP + 0.0887(¡n A)¡1, t0<A<8OOsqfi
Up io 5oo 0
rotary vacuum drum scráper dischárge: C - expll1 27
1.000 0.15 * 1.3408ín A) + 0.07C'9ltn Al'zl$/sqfr, 10<A<t50osqfi
1,500 0.20
rot8ryv6ouum disk: C=expl]0.50- 1.008{lnA}
11. H.at exchrngers + 0.0344{ln Al'l g/sqft, !00<A<4O0Osqft
pticeln$ C = 28300/40 g/sqtt, 1O<A<1200sqtr
5
Shell-€nd"tube lEvans)i C = fdf^ÍDcb, ho rizontal vacu! m belt:
pressure leaf: C= 695/Ao2e$/sqft, 30<A<2500sqit
cb = expt8.821- 0.30S63{ln A) +0.06810n A}'?|, 150 < A < 12,000 sqfr
pláte-and-frdmer lchem¡cal Engineers' Handbookl:
Tvpe r" C - 460/Aoi6 E/sqtt, lO<A<1ooosqft
Fixed-head expl-'.1t56 i 0.0906(11 4ll vibrating scrs€n {tFPl: C = 3.140¡e K5, 0.5 < A<35 sqft
Keltle reboiler 1.35
urube expi-0.9816 + 0.0830(nA)l 13. Motors and coupl¡ngs, pric€s ¡n ¡
(Fig)
Pressuro Range le Molors; C- 1.2exp[á] + ar{ln HPJ+ a3lln Hp}?l
'100-300 0.7771 + 0.04981{ln A) B€lt dr¡vs coupling: C = 1.2 sxpl3.689 + 0,8917{ln HPll
300-600 1.0305 + 0.07140(ln A)
coupling: C= 1.2 sxp!5.329 + 0.5048 ftn Hp)l
600-90C 1.1400 + 0.12088(ln A) Ch¿in drive
Variáble speed drivo coupt¡ng;
tñ= g+ g.ltn Al
C = t2,Ollllt.562+7.A?1/HP), HP< 75
Ma¡erial Sr C2
Co€ff¡cients
Stainless sleel 3í6 0,8603 0.23296
Stsinless sreél 30t¡ 0.8193 0.15984 Typo HPI¡mit
Stainless sleel347 0.6116 0.22186
Nickel 200 1.5092 0.60859
14onel400 1.2989 0.433n Open, drip-proof
lncon€|600 1.2040 0.50764 3600 rpm 4.8314 0.09666 0.10960 1-7.5
,ñcolov 825 1.1854 0.49706 4.1514 0.53470 C.05252 7.5-250
1.6¿l20 0.429t3
0.1549 4.51774 4_2432 1.03251 -C.03595 250-700
1800 rpñ 4.7075 -0.01511 C.228AA i-t.5
Double pip€ {lFP): C =s}of-fpAot',2<A<60sqft. pric€ in g 4.5212 A.47242 0.04820 7.5-250
7.4044 -0.06464 0.0544a 250-600
Malerl6l: 1200 rpln 4.9298 0.30118 0.12630 1-7.5
Shell/Tube f^
5.0999 0.35861 0.06052 7.6-250
cs7304L srain¡ess
1.0
'] 9 46153 0.88531 -0.0218a 250-500
csl316 stainless 2.2
Tolally Bnclosed, f Bn-cooled
3600 rpm 5.1058 0.03316 9.15374 1-1.5
{barJ te
3.8544 0.83311 0.02399 7.5-250
5.3182 r.08470 -0.05695 250-400
4-6
1.00
1.10
r800 ¡pm 4.9687 -0.00930 0.22616 7.5-250
6-7 1.25 4.5347 0.57065 0.04609 250-400
1200 rpm 5.1532 0.28931 0.14357 1-7.5
Air coole¡s lHall)r C =24.6A044, 0.05< A<200 K sqtt, pr¡€e i¡ K$ 5.3858 0.31004 0.07406 7.5-350
12. M.oh¡n¡cál sep¡rators Explosion-proof
Centrifuges: solid bowl, screen bowl or pusher types 3600 rpm 5.3934 0.00333 0.15475 t-7.5
4.4442 0.60820 0.05202 7.5-200
C=a+bW, K$ 1800 rpm 5.285¡ 0.00048 0.19943 l-7.5
4.8178 0.51086 0.05293 7,5-250
lnorgán¡o Process Orsanic Procass 1200 rpm 5.4i66 0.31216 0.10573 r-7.5
0.31284 o.oi212 7.5-200
14. Pumps
Carbon steel 42 1.63
Centrjfugal (Evans) pric€s in $i c= FMF|C6, base cas¡iron,3550¡pm
316 65 3.50 98
vsc
5.06
'lo 5.50 114 1.14 Có = 1.55 €xpl8.E33 - 0.6019(ln O1,rtl)
Nickol u.4 6.56 143 9.43
+0.051911n ovl4'?l, o in gpm, ,9iñlthead
300 10.0
Matelál cost Faetor F-
10< W<90 5< W<40tons/hr CBst ste€l 't.35
304 or 3l6l¡hinos 't.15
Disk separators, 316 slsinl€ss {lFP)i Sl.inl6sÉ steel, 504 or 316 2.00
Cast Gould's alloy no. 20 2.00
3.50
C =a.oao62, 15<o<150gpm, KS 3.30
tso B 4.95
cyclone s€par¿to¡s (lFPlr K$ rso c 4.60
Titan¡um 9.70
Hást6lloy C 2.95
hs¿vy dury: c = ] 39oo'"", 2 < o < 40 K SCFM Duct¡le iron L15
1.90
srandsrd dury: C=0.65O0s1, 2<A<40KSCFw|
mutrictoñe c=T.5600u', 9<o<'¡SoKScF[4 Fr - expl! + b,[r a\,/tl + 4h a\f ')
667
668 cosrs oF tNDtvtDUAL EoutPMENT

T ABLE 20.2-l co n t í n u e d I

Typ6 b1 vacuum pumps: c -8.1sxr 03

Kt,
On6-stas6, 1750 rpm, VSC 5.1029 -1.22t7 0.0711 0.3 <X < 15 (lbs air/hr)/(s'rciion Torr).
On€-slag€, 3560 rpm, HSC 0.0632 0.2744 -O.O253
One-st3q6, l750rpm, HSC 2,0290 -0.2971 0.0102
Two-sráse, 3550 rpm, HSC 13,t321 -2-4304 0.1542
Mult¡stage, 3550 rcm, HSC 9.8849 -1.6164 0.0834 17. Ve5s6ls (Ev¡nsl p.icos in ¡
Type
Flow Rdnga H€.dR.nse HP Hodzontal prsssur€ voss€16: C=,FMCb + C,
(sp'nl lft) lmsxl
One*taEe, 3550 rpm, VSC 50-900 50-400 75
One-stage, 1750 rpm, VSC 50-3500 50-200 200 cb =exp[8.571 - 0.23:]0ltn wI+ 0.04333{¡n w)'¿I,
One-stáqe. 3550 rpm, HSC 100-1500 100-450 150
On6-stag6, 1750 rprÍ, HSC
3550 rpm, HSC
2$-5000 50'500 2ao 800< W<914,0001b shell weight
Twestage, 50-1100 300-1100 260 C, = r370Do'?o'?s, 3 < D < 12 ft diameter (plafo¡ms ánd tadders)
fwo-st¿ge, 3550 rpm, HSC 100-1500 650-3200 t450
Vertical m¡xéd llow llFP): C = 0.036(Spmi0 e KS, 500 < gpm < j30,000
Verticsl axial flow {lFPt: c=O.O2o(gpmlo?3K$, 1000<spm<130,000 Venlc8lvess€ls: C=FMCb+C"
Geat pumps (lFP): C=expi-0.0881+ 0.1986{¡n O}
Có = expt9.l0O- O.28Sg(ln W)+ 0.04576{ln Wl'?l,
+ 0.0291(tn ol,lKg, l0< o <9OO gpm
< w<
5000 226,000 tb
Rec¡procsting {P¡tulik ¡nd D¡a2, 1979}, wlrhour moror,
q =246Dor3$¿o704, 6< D< ro,
C¿st iron: C-40.0oo3'Kt, t5< O <4oo gpm 12 < ¿ < 20 ft rangent,to.ts¡gent
Olh€rc: c=41oFoo5'zK$, 1< o <4oo gpm
Matér¡.| Co3t F¡ctor fu
316st8inl€ss F= 1.00
304
Sl8inless sl€61,
Albronze 1.40 316
Srainless st€st,
1.7
2.1
Nickel 1.86 20CB-3
CEroenter 3.2
Mon6l 2.2O Nickel-2oo 5.4
Monel400 3.6
(lFP): C= 146foo66 K$, 0.5<
lnconsl-600 3.9
15. Rrfrigeration O <400 [4 Btu/hr, in- lhcolov-825 3.7
sralled prices T'lan¡lm 7.7

T.mporaturo Lcvel (eC) F Slorags tanks, -shop fabricared: C- FM axpl2.631 r1.3673{tnyl .

0 1.00 0.06309i1n V)'1, 1300 < Y<21,000ss|
-10 1.55 Storage rBnks, _ liéld erected: C-Fü expl11.862-0.8104(tn Vl-
-20 2.10
0.04536{ln Vl'|, 21¡00< y<11,0m,000 gal
-30 2.65
-40 3.20
-50 4.00
Material of Constructior Cosl Fector 4,
16. St!!m 6¡écto.s and y.cuum pümps (P¡ft¡l¡k ¡nd D¡a¿ 19791: Stslnbss steel316
Sta¡nless steel304 2.4
Sta¡ñless ste€l 347 3.0
E¡scrors: c = 11.0{f,f3.X4o' K$, o.l < X< 100 Nickol

x = ltb airlhrl/(suclion prsssurs in Tofi) 3.8

Zirconium 11.0
No, 11.0
fvpe ( St6sss á M.t6ri¡l 4
Brick-and{ubbér'or
b,¡ck'ahd-polyesteFlined ste6l 2.75
No cond6nser 1.0 1 1.0 carbon steel 1-0 Bubb€F or lead-lined st€61 1.9
1 surface condsns€r 1.6 2 1.8 stainless sleel 2.0 Polyester, l¡berglsss-re¡nf orced 0.32
'l barom€tric condsnssr 1.7 3 2.1 hasr€foy 3.0
2 surf€c6 cond€nssrs 2.3 4 2.6 Copper 2.3
2 barometr¡c condenseE t.9 5 4.0 0.55

TABLE 20.3. Mullipliers lo. lnsrslled Costs of Process

Equipment'
Equlpm.nt Mulípl¡or Equlpmánr Mulriplier
Agitators. carbon st€el 1.3 Chimn€ys and sracks 1.2
3t6¡ñless 6ie€l 't.2 Columns, d¡srillallon, carbon st€€l 3-0
Air heaters, all typ€s d'stillat¡on, stainlsss st€ol 2.1
Eeal€13 1.4 Comprsssor€, motor driven 1.3
Blond€rc 1.3 si€ám on gas dr¡vsn '] 5
Blowors 1.4 Conveyors and elevstors 1.4
Eoilors 1.5 Cool¡ng to\,vor, concrele 1.2
C€ntrifug€s, carbon steel 1.3 Crushers, classlflers and ñ¡llg
sts¡nl€ss steel 12 Crysta llizers 1.9
 FEFEBENCES 669
'f ABLE zg.&-\co nt¡ n u e d )

Equipment Multiplior Equ¡pmonl Multiplior

1.4 Pumps, centrifugal, carbon st€el 2.8

).verE, spr¡y and air 1.€ contrifug¿1, slainless steel
1.4 cenlr¡fugal, Hasrelloy rfim 1.4
:¡€ctors 1.7 c6ntdtugal, nickel rrir¡ 1.7
:vaporators, calandrla 1,5 centritugal, l\llonol trim 1.7
lhin fllm. carbon sleel contrifu gal, titaniufi trim 1.4
thin lilm, $táinless steel 1.9 all others. st¿lnless st€el t_4
Erruders, compouñdlng 1.5 allotherc, carbon steel
'|.4 R€aclor ketlles, carbon ste€l 1.9
1.4 kettl€s, glass lined 2.1
Furnaces, direcl l¡r€d 1.3 kettles, carbon sieel 1.9
cas hold€rs 13 Reactols, rnult¡lubular. stainl6ss sleel
Granrlato¡s lo¡ plast¡c 1.5 multilubular, copper 1.4
H6at eichangers, air cooled, c¿rbon sleel mull¡lubular, carbon steel 2.2
coil in shell, stainless steel 1.7 1,5
gt¿ss 2.2 St€6m drums
gfaph¡te 2.O Sum of equipment cosls, sta¡nless st€et 1.8
plár€, srajnless steei 1.5 Sum of equipment costs, carbo¡ stael 2.0
p¡at€, ca¡bon steel '1.7 Tanks, process, stainless sle€l 'L8
sholl and tube, srainl6sslsr€iñless ste€l 1.9 Tanks, proco6s, copp¿r 1.9
shsll and tub€, carbon/stainress sreel 2.1 Process, aluminum 2.0
Hoat exchangeÉ, shell 3nd tub€, carbon sleel/aluminum 2.2 storuge. slalnlass sieel 1.5
shel¡ and t!b€, carbon steéUcopp€r 2.O storase, aluminum 1.7
shell and lub€, carbon steel /[4o¡e 1.8 storáqe, carbon st€sl
sh€ll and tube, Monel/llonel 1.6 field erect€d, s¡ainless stsel 1.2
shell and lübe, c6rbon steel/Hastelloy 1.4 field €r€cted, co.bon steel 1.4
nstrum€nts, €lltypes 1.5
Nliscellaneous, carbon sle€l 2.0 Vossels, press!re. st€inl€ss sf eel 1.7
stainl€ss sl€€l 1.5 pressú16, carbon sleel 2A

'll cftí, Chñ. D¡s , (6 Apr. l98l)1.

l¡rs(álled Cos¡ = (pu.chasc priccXmult¡pücr).

TABLE 20.4. Chem¡cal Enginee.ing Msgsz¡ne Cost lndexes

t970 1975 1980 1985

CE Plant Cost lndsx 125.7 182.4 261.2 325.8

123.8 194.7
Fabric€t€d equipment 122.7 192.2
122.9 1A4.7 333.3
Piping, v€lv€s, and finings 132.0 217.0
Procsss inslrum€nls and co¡trols r32.r 181.4 323.9
Pumps and compr€ssors 125.6 208.3 421.1
Electricalequipmenl 99-8 r42.1 251.9

REFERENCES 20.37 , 2r.38. 2t.22, 2) .45, 22.t34, ZZ.l35, 25.69 , 25.73-25.75.

ó. R.S. Hail, L ]llatley. ¿nd K.J. McNaughton, Curcnt cols of proccss
l- Cheñic¿l EngineerüB tlagtz¡te, l,bde
C¿rr ¿"8¡i¡a¿¡t¡8, Mcc.aw' cqlipmcnr, j¡ Ref.2, pp. 102-137.
flil1, NeP Ycrk. 1979. 7. lnritut Froncl]is€ du Pcfrole (JFP), Man@l ol EcotloDti. Analsb al
2. Chenicol Ettliittee¡itt| Mtgdzine Modeta Cost Lrt\i¡teeiis ll, M.Gra\t- Chemi.ul Pracettes, lechf.ip 197ó, Mccra*'Hix, Ncú York, 1931
tiill, New York, 19F1. E. B.G. Liplsk, Cosls of process inslnrneols, in Rci. I, pp. 313 175.
3. 1.B. Evans, A. I{ulet, A.B. Corripio, and K-S. Chrer¡en, Cors ol 9. A. Pikuük and ILE. Disz. Cosrs oI proccss equipmcnt and oücr ircms,
prcssurc vca!cls, sio¡asc tánks, cenr.ifugal FunFs, n¡oro6, disrill.r¡on in Rcf. I, pp. 302 3l?.
and absorflion toecr!, in Rcl. 2, pp. 140-146, 177-183. 10. G P. Purch¡f, osrs ot shell and-¡ubc heal cxcbang.ts, Chcnt. E¡8., QZ
ó. J. Gran. Improved lxcto¡ mct[od givcs bctlcr preljrni¡ary cosr csrimatcs. AuE. 1983, 4 Ntar. 1985, r8 Mar. 1985).
in Lci. 2, pp. ?G90. 11. G.D. Uhich, A Gu¡de h Chc,ficul E Bia¿eing Ptucc$ DesiSn and
5. D.w. G¡cc! and J.O. v¡aloncy (Eds.), I'c¡ry'r ch. ticdl E B¡n¿¿^ ¿cono¿¡.r, Wiley, Ncr Yo¡k. 1984.
Ilon¿hóok, Mccúe-Hil[ ñ"cN York, 198.1, cosr d¿t¡ on pp. ó.7, 6.22, t2, w.M. Valavul and R.8. hrcvcril, Cosls or baglrouscs, €lccl.osraii.
6 l12. 6.113- ó.12l, 7.)9, I L t9. I1.20, 11.-Jt, 11.29- 11.42,11 Xl,77.33, precipitalors, venturi scrubbcÁ, faoc c¿rbo¡ adsorbc*, f¡res and
18.45. 18.4ó, 111..1?, 19.13, 1940, 19.45. 19.ó5, 19.89. lr.10I, 19.102, i¡cin€¡atoni, in Ret- 2. pp. ls4-2{)7.