Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
Schools Division of Sorsogon
PILAR CLUSTER
School Year: 2021-2022
Contemporary Philippine Arts from The Regions
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Week Lesson 7:Art of the Philippines

7 Potteries
I. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

CONTENT STANDARDS:
• Consolidates relevant concepts to plan for a production

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
• Design a production using available materials and appropriate techniques/Create
artwork using available materials
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES (MELC):
1. Conceptualizes contemporary art based on techniques and performance practices
in their locality.
2. Applies artistic skills and techniques in the process of creation
3. Incorporates contemporary characteristics to one’s creation with attention to detail
4. Create the intended final product using appropriate materials for the best possible
output

OBJECTIVES
Your objectives for this week 7 are the following;

a) Identify the functions of different pots from region

b) Differentiate pots from different regions through a Venn diagram
c) Create an artwork specifically a pot using available materials in their place that will
describes the contemporary art forms in the Philippines

II. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Traditional pot-making in certain areas of the Philippines would use clay found
near the Sibalom River. Molding the clay required the use of wooden paddles, and the
clay had to be kept away from sunlight.
Native Filipinos created pottery since 3500 years ago. They used these ceramic
jars to hold the deceased.
Other pottery used to hold remains of the deceased were decorated with
anthropomorphic designs. These anthropomorphic earthenware pots date back to 5 BC.
- 225 A.D and had pot covers shaped like human heads.
Filipino pottery had other uses as well. During the Neolithic period of the
Philippines, pottery was made for water vessels, plates, cups, and for many other uses.

III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

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 Activity 1: Sketch

For this activity, prepare a separate short (8.5”x11”) size bond paper and a pencil. Sketch
a concept design for a contemporary art that represents some pottery functions. You don’t need
to make it beautiful. A rough sketch is enough.

Let’s explore!

Art of the Philippines On Potteries

Manufacture of Kalinga potteries

The first step in the manufacture of pots is the acquisition of the starting material,
clay. The clay is then pounded, added with enough amount of water, to reach the wanted
flexibility, and placed in a rotating plate. Using the hand-modeling and coil-and-scrape
techniques, the height, thickness and shape of the pot is established. After this, the rim
is designed by placing a wet rag on top of it and then rotating it in the other direction.
Furthermore, scraping of the walls can also be done if the walls produced are too thick.

The pot, after the modeling stage, is then dried for a short period of time before the
base is shaped. Also, after additional heating, small amounts of clay are added inside
and outside the clay to maintain the evenness of the surface. A polishing step can also
be done through the use of a polishing stone. In some cases, pots are also painted with
red hematite paint for some stylized design.

Pottery Functions

Pots are ceramic vessels that are made by molding clay into its wanted shape and
then leaving it in an environment with an elevated temperature thereby making it solid
and sturdy. It is widely recognized as one of better tools that humans invented since it
managed to store the surplus of food Neolithic humans gathered.

In the book Pottery Function: A Use-Alteration Perspective, the author, James

Skibo, reasoned out why the use of pots is far more advantageous than baskets and other
organic containers. He said that since potteries are commonly made in clay, heat has little
to none effect on the container, and its contents, and that it protects the food from
moisture and pests. Furthermore, its range of storable contents is far wider than baskets
and animal skins since it can store both liquid and dry goods.

Also, Rice, in his book Pottery Analysis, classified ceramic vessels into 17
categories depending on various factors that concern the use and production of the tool.
One of these is the content wherein he further divided a type of pot into four depending
on the state (liquid or solid) and temperature (hot or cold) of the food inside it. He also
said that a ceramic has three main uses. These three are storage, processing, and
transfer.

Based from these three uses that Rice gave, Skibo further characterized the usage
of ceramic vessels by dividing the tool’s function into two, (1) intended use and (2) actual
use. Intended use, as the name implies, is how the tool’s supposed to be used. This is
the basis of the manufacture of the ceramic vessel since the form follows the function. On
the other hand, actual use is how the tool was used. This sometimes disregards the pot’s
form as long it can do a specific function.

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 Kalinga Pottery
Ceramic vessels of Kalinga
are divided into three types: rice
cooking (ittoyom), vegetable/meat
cooking (oppaya), and water
storage (immosso) pots. According
to Skibo, the rice cooking pots are
usually larger, thinner and have a
smaller opening than
vegetable/meat pots. On the other
hand, water storage pots have an
average and uniform size and a
smaller neck size.
Except for water storage pots, which
have a uniform size, the other two
kinds can come in three different
sizes, large, medium and small.
Although this is true in some cases,
another larger type of
vegetable/meat pot and smaller
water storage pot exists.

Kalanay Pottery Complex • Rectangles and diagonals

The type site of the Kalanay • Zoomorphs
pottery complex is the Kalanay • Punctate fieldwhere areas bonded by
Cave found in Masbate. From this incised lines are emphasized by
site, the pottery is further subdivided punctuations or dashes
into pottery types Kalanay and • Diagonals without borders, including a
Bagupantao. band of horizontal V’s and alternating
Specific varieties of decoration are diagonals off a center line
as follows:

• Paired diagonals and

borders, with variations
including single diagonals or
verticals and borders, or
wavy lines and borders
• Curvilinear scrolls and
triangles
• Rectangular scroll
• Impressed or carved scallop
design
• Impressed tool
• Carved cutouts in ring stands
• Triangles, with variations
including alternating triangles
and borders or running
triangles
• Impressed crenellations

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 Bau Pottery Complex
It has less variation in both form and
decoration compared to the Kalanay
pottery complex.
Specific varieties of decoration are
as follows:
• Paddle Impressed
• Tool Impressed, including
simple-tool and compound-
tool impressed
• Stamp Impressed
• Applique ribbons of clay
• In terms of forms:
• Small jars with everted rims
• Small jars without everted rim
• Small heavy jars with flat
bottom
• Cups with ring feet
• Jars with ring feet
• Novaliches Pottery Complex • Horizontal broad line impressed lines

Most of Novaliches pottery can be Vessel forms are as follows:

distinguished from Bau pottery and • Shallow bowls with high ring stands
Kalanay pottery. While it shares form and • Shallow bowls with low-ring stands
decoration with Kalanay pottery, it contains • Jars with low-ring stands
more variability compared to Bau pottery. • Angle jars
According to Solheim (2002), “it is the most Jars with short necks and everted rims
sophisticated pottery that has yet been
found in the Philippines”

Novaliches pottery can be

diagnosed by its form being a shallow bowl
with a high right-foot. The shallow bowl is
generally plain but the feet are highly
decorated. Majority of Novaliches pottery
were well polished. The form is so
symmetrical that it looks as if it was made
in a potter wheel, however, examinations
showed that it wasn’t.
Specific varieties of decoration are as
follows:
• Cutouts
• Narrow vertical elements; carved, tool
impressed, or running impressed lines
Horizontal and diagonal elements,
including simple tool impressions,
compound tool impressions and carved
elements

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Bagupantao Pottery Bagupantao Painted
The paste used is the same as Bagupantao
Bagupantao Plain
Majority of the pots’ paste is red-brown in color, with impressed and plain but it is covered with
gray or black as the minority. Its texture ranges from heavy red hematite slip inside and outside
fine to medium and its thickness is usually 5-8 mm of the neck.
in length. The common forms of the pots are jars Thinner (2-7 mm) and smaller than
with wide to narrow mouths and its normally large (a Bagupantao plain.
body diameter of 24 to 35 cm).
Difference between Kalanay Plain: Evenness of
color and cleanness of clay
Bagupantao Impressed

The type of paste is the same as Bagupantao plain,

red-brown in color. It is also highly decorated on its
rim with circles, punctuations and crenellations.

Larger (28 -31 cm body diameter) and thicker (9-14

thickness) than Bagupantao plain.

Activity 2: Pottery Making

Final Output for Exhibit/display: Design a pot using available materials such
as Molding clay or clay and use appropriate techniques
The Pottery Making Process in 9 Steps
1. Decide What to Make
2. Choose Your Clay
3. Select a Method or appropriate techniques
4. Focus on Form
5. Fire Your Pottery
6. Paint with a Glaze
7. Reheat the Object if needed

Evaluation

I.Write a brief essay that answers the question, “What do you understand about the functions
and characteristics of Pottery?”. Teacher will use rubrics for scoring.

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II. Make a Venn diagram showing the characteristics of different pots from different regions.

IV.• RUBRICS
.
Sketch and Pottery making

Rubric:
Creativity 40 points
Lay-out design 30 points
Organization 30 points
Total 100 points

Venn Diagram and essay:

Criteria Advance ProficiencyApproaching Developing Beginning

(5pts.) (4pts.) Proficiency (2pts.) (1pt.)
(3pts.)
Accuracy of All Almost all Much of the
Not much of Information
content information information information is
the is not true
is true and is true and true and
information is and correct
correct correct correct true and
correct
Grammar, No spelling, Virtually no Few spelling A number of So many
Sentence punctuation spelling, and spelling, spelling,
Structure and or punctuation punctuation punctuation punctuation
word Choice grammatical or error, minor or or
errors grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical
errors errors errors errors that it
interferes
with the
meaning
Total score: 10

V. REFLECTION

Did you enjoy the lesson?Have you found the lesson easy to understand and follow? What have
you learned from the discussion?
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 VI. ANSWER
KEY
*Students answers may vary

VII.REFERENCE

• http://www.philstar.com/agriculture/593861/albay-reenergizes-abaca-industry
• URL : http://8list.ph/world-class-philippine-woven-fabrics/
• URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_the_Philippines
• URL:http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/recovery/60591-re-engineering-philippine-
banca

Prepared by:

FAITH M. CARILLO
SHS T- III
Pilar National Comprehensive High School

Reviewed by the Quality Assurance Team(QAT)

AMADEO O. LAGUDA ROSE LATAGAN
Principal II/PNCHS School Head/BNHS

MARIA LOURDES M. MOLLEDA JASTIN M. MALLAPRE

MT-I/SHS PNCHS T-II/SHS PNCHS TVL
Approved by:
AMADEO O. LAGUDA
Principal II/Cluster Head