Stainless Steel
1.4404 (316L) Bar and Section
SPECIFICATIONS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Commercial 316L EN 10088-3:2005
1.4404 Steel
Element % Present
Stainless steel types 1.4401 and 1.4404 are also
Chromium (Cr) 16.50 - 18.50
known as grades 316 and 316L respectively. Grade
316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in Nickel (Ni) 10.00 - 13.00
commercial importance.
Molybdenum (Mo) 2.00 - 2.50
316 stainless steel contains an addition of molybdenum
that gives it improved corrosion resistance. This is Manganese (Mn) 0.0 - 2.00
particularly apparent for pitting and crevice corrosion Silicon (Si) 0.0 - 1.00
in chloride environments.
316L, the low carbon version of 316 stainless steel, is Nitrogen (N) 0.0 - 0.11
immune to grain boundary carbide precipitation Phosphorous (P) 0.0 - 0.05
(sensitisation). This makes it suited to use in heavy
gauge (over about 6mm) welded components. Carbon (C) 0.0 - 0.03
For elevated temperature applications the high carbon Sulphur (S) 0.0 - 0.03
variant, 316H stainless steel and the stabilised grade
Iron (Fe) Balance
316Ti stainless steel should be employed.
The austenitic structure of 316 stainless steel gives
excellent toughness, even at cryogenic temperatures.
Property data given in this document is typical for bar ALLOY DESIGNATIONS
and section products covered by EN 10088-3:2005.
Stainless Steel Grade 1.4404/316L also corresponds to
ASTM, EN or other standards may cover all products
the following designations but may not be a direct
sold. It is reasonable to expect specifications in these
equivalent:
standards to be similar but not necessarily identical to
UNS S31603
those given in this datasheet.
316S11
Stainless steel grade 316Ti contains a small amount of
titanium. Titanium content is typically only around SUPPLIED FORMS
0.5%. The titanium atoms stabilise the structure of the
316 at temperatures over 800°C. This prevents carbide • Sheet
precipitation at the grain boundaries and protects the • Strip
metal from corrosion. The main advantage of 316Ti is
that it can be held at higher temperatures for a longer • Tube
period without sensitisation (precipitation) occurring. • Bar
316Ti retains physical and mechanical properties
• Pipe
similar to standard grades of 316.
• Plate
• Fittings & Flanges
• Angle
GENERIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Property Value
Density 8.0 g/cm³
Melting Point 1400 °C
Thermal Expansion 15.9 x10-6 /K
Modulus of Elasticity 193 GPa
Thermal Conductivity 16.3 W/m.K
Electrical Resistivity 0.74 x10-6 Ω .m
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Stainless Steel
1.4404 (316L) Bar and Section
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FABRICATION
Fabrication of all stainless steels should be done only
EN 10088-3:2005
Bar & Section
with tools dedicated to stainless steel materials.
Up to 160mm Dia / Thickness Tooling and work surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned
before use. These precautions are necessary to avoid
Property Value
cross contamination of stainless steel by easily
Proof Stress 200 Min MPa corroded metals that may discolour the surface of the
Tensile Strength 500 to 700 MPa fabricated product.
Elongation A50 mm 40 Min %
COLD WORKING
Hardness Brinell 215 Max HB
Grade 316 is readily brake or roll formed into a variety
of parts. It is also suited to stamping, heading and
drawing but post work annealing is recommended to
APPLICATIONS relieve internal stresses.
Initially developed for use in paper mills 316 stainless Cold working will increase both strength and hardness
steel is now typically used in: of 316 stainless steel.
Food processing equipment
HOT WORKING
Brewery equipment
Chemical and petrochemical equipment All common hot working processes can be performed
Laboratory benches & equipment on 316 stainless steel. Hot working should be avoided
Coastal architectural panelling below 927°C. The ideal temperature range for hot
Coastal balustrading working is 1149-1260°C. Post-work annealing is
Boat fittings recommended to ensure optimum corrosion resistance.
Chemical transportation containers
Heat exchangers
MACHINABILITY
Mining screens
Nuts and bolts 316 stainless steel has good machinability. Machining
Springs can be enhanced using the following rules:
Medical implants
~ Cutting edges must be kept sharp. Dull edges cause
excess work hardening.
CORROSION RESISTANCE ~ Cuts should be light but deep enough to prevent
Grade 316 has excellent corrosion resistance when work hardening by riding on the surface of the
exposed to a range of corrosive environments and material.
media. It is usually regarded as “marine grade” ~ Chip breakers should be employed to assist in
stainless steel but is not resistant to warm sea water. ensuring swarf remains clear of the work
Warm chloride environments can cause pitting and ~ Low thermal conductivity of austenitic alloys results
crevice corrosion. Grade 316 is also subject to stress in heat concentrating at the cutting edges. This means
corrosion cracking above around 60°C. coolants and lubricants are necessary and must be
used in large quantities.
HEAT RESISTANCE
HEAT TREATMENT
316 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent
service to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. 316 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat
However, continuous use at 425-860°C is not treatment.
recommended if corrosion resistance in water is Solution treatment or annealing can be done by rapid
required. In this instance 316L is recommended due to cooling after heating to 1010-1120°C.
its resistance to carbide precipitation.
Where high strength is required at temperatures above
500°C, grade 316H is recommended.
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Stainless Steel
1.4404 (316L) Bar and Section
WELDABILITY
Fusion welding performance for 316 stainless steel is
excellent both with and without fillers. Recommended
filler rods and electrodes for 316 and 316L are the
same as the base metal, 316 and 316L respectively.
Heavy welded sections may require post-weld
annealing. Grade 316Ti may be used as an alternative
to 316 in heavy section welds.
Oxyacetylene welding has not been found to be
successful for joining of 316 stainless steel.
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REVISION HISTORY
Datasheet Updated 13 March 2020
DISCLAIMER
This Data is indicative only and as such is not to be relied upon in place of
the full specification. In particular, mechanical property requirements vary
widely with temper, product and product dimensions. All information is
based on our present knowledge and is given in good faith. No liability will
be accepted by the Company in respect of any action taken by any third
party in reliance thereon.
Please note that the 'Datasheet Update' date shown above is no guarantee
of accuracy or whether the datasheet is up to date.
The information provided in this datasheet has been drawn from various
recognised sources, including EN Standards, recognised industry references
(printed & online) and manufacturers’ data. No guarantee is given that the
information is from the latest issue of those sources or about the accuracy of
those sources.
Material supplied by the Company may vary significantly from this data, but
will conform to all relevant and applicable standards.
As the products detailed may be used for a wide variety of purposes and as
the Company has no control over their use; the Company specifically
excludes all conditions or warranties expressed or implied by statute or
otherwise as to dimensions, properties and/or fitness for any particular
purpose, whether expressed or implied.
Advice given by the Company to any third party is given for that party’s
assistance only and without liability on the part of the Company. All
transactions are subject to the Company’s current Conditions of Sale. The
extent of the Company’s liabilities to any customer is clearly set out in those
Conditions; a copy of which is available on request.
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