NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING RATIONALE OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE

PROGRAM 1 TRAINING PROGRAM(NSTP)-

CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE
LESSON 1. INTRODUCTION OF NATIONAL (CWTS) AND LITERACY TRAINING
SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM SERVICE (LTS)
(R.A. NO. 9163)
The conceptualization and the establishment of the NSTP
for the tertiary level students is amended in the Republic
BRIEF HISTORY OF NSTP
Act 7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706. This was
enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in
National Service Training Program (NSTP) started
Congress, which is known as the National Service
with the passage of Commonwealth Act No. 1 also
Training, Act of 2001.
known as National Defense Act. An act to provide
national defense of the Philippines penalizing certain
• NSTP is program aimed at enhancing the civic
violations thereof appropriating funds therefore, and for
consciousness and defense preparedness in the
other purposes. This is under the government of
youth by developing the ethics of service and
President Manuel L. Quezon (1935). It requires college
patriotism undergoing training in any of the three
students, specifically males to finish 2 years or 4
program components, especially designed to
semesters of Military Training to be reserved cadets of
enhance the youth active contribution to the
the National Defense of the country.
general welfare (Section 4, RA 9163).
In August 8, 1980, the Commonwealth Act No. 1 was
• The importance of CWTS as a whole is geared
amended to give existence to Presidential Decree No.
towards the development and re-direction of
1706 or National Service Law which mandates
positive values and attitude among students. This
compulsory national service to all citizens of the country.
is by giving them the chance to see that they can
It is composed of three main component programs,
create a difference in their own ways. Thus,
namely Civic Welfare Service (CWS), Law
making them appreciate their role and
Enforcement Service (LES), and Military Service.
responsibilities not only as students but also as
an individual that can contribute to the
After the ouster of President Marcos the implementation
betterment of life be it in their family,
of the National Service Law except the provisions of
community and to the nation as a whole.
Military Service was suspended by Presidential
Memorandum Order No. 1 of President Corazon C.
The Vision
Aquino. It became Basic Reserve Officer Training
• To develop the youth as social entrepreneurs
Corps (ROTC) that took effect on SY 1986-1987.
serving the communities as value-driven
innovators for national peace and development.
In the year 1991, the Implementing Rules and
Regulations of Republic Act 7077 modified the Basic
The Goal
ROTC Course to Expanded ROTC Program as
• To promote and integrate values education,
mandated. The modification is composed of military
transformational leadership and sustainable
subject in the first year and any of the following
social mobilization for youth and family
components: MTS, CWTS, and LES in the second year
development, community building, national
curriculum.
security, and global solidarity.
On March 18, 2001, a dead body was found wrapped in
Objectives
a carpet and floating in the Pasig River. The face was
• 1) To promote and protect the physical, mental,
wrapped in packing tape and the hands and face were
spiritual, and social well-being of the youth.
bounded Body was identified as Mark Welson Chua, 19
year old Engineering student University of Santo Tomas
• 2) To inculcate patriotism and nationalism in the
(UST), reportedly a victim of illegal ROTC practices youth.
lead to a massive protest of the college students and
concerned parents against the ROTC program. Since • 3.) To encourage their involvement in the public
then, Expanded ROTC program morphed into National and civic affairs
Training Service Program (NSTP).
 IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS "Civic Welfare Training Services"(CWTS)
OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING refers to the program component of activities
PROGRAM contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of
life for the members of the community or the
RULE I-GUIDING PRINCIPLES enhancement of their families, especially those devoted
• What is the prime duty of the government to its to improving health, education, environment,
citizens? entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral values of
the citizenry and other social welfare services.
Section 1. Guiding Principle.
While it is the prime duty of the government to serve and "Program Component"
protect its citizens, in turn it shall be the responsibility of refers to the service components of the NSTP as defined
all citizens to defend the security of the state, and in herein.
fulfillment thereof, the government may require each
citizen to render personal, military or civil service. "Clustering" - refers to the grouping of students
• How does the government recognize the role of enrolled in the different schools taking up the same
the youth in nation building? NSTP component into one group under the management
and supervision of the designated school.
Section 2. Role of the Youth.
In recognition of the vital role of the youth in "Cross Enrollment"- refers to the system of
nation-building, the state shall promote civic enrollment where a student is officially enrolled in an
consciousness among them and shall develop them academic program of a school but allowed to enroll in the
physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well- NSTP component of another school and
being. It shall inculcate the ideals of patriotism, the
nationalism and advance their involvement in public and "Non-Government-Organization"(NGO) -
civic affairs. refers to any private organization duly accredited by
As the most valuable resource of the nation, the CHED or recognized by TESDA.
youth shall be motivated, trained, organized and involved
in the military, literacy, civic welfare programs and other RULE III- PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
similar endeavors in the service of the nation. Who are required to complete one NSTP component of
their choice as a graduation requirement?
RULE II - DEFINITION OF TERMS
Section 3. As used in this implementing Rules and Section 4. Coverage
Regulations (IRR), the following terms shall mean: • a. All incoming freshmen students, male and
female, starting school year (SY) 2002-2003,
"National Service Training Program"(NSTP) enrolled in any baccalaureate and in at least two
refers to the program aimed at enhancing civic year technical-vocational or associate courses,
consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by are required to complete one NSTP component
developing the ethics of the three program components, of their choice, as a graduation requirements.
specifically designed to enhance the youth's active
contribution to the general welfare. • b. All higher and technical vocational
educational institutions must offer at least one of
"Reserve Officers' Training Corps"(ROTC) the NSTP components.
refers to the program component, institutionalized under
section 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to • C. State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), shall
provide military training to tertiary level students in order offer the ROTC component and at least one other
to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for NSTP component.
national defense preparedness.
• d. The Philippine Military Academy (PMA),
"Literacy Training Service"(LTS) Philippine Merchant Academy Marine Academy
refers to the program component designed to train the (PMMA), Philippine National Police Academy
students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school of the (PNPA) and other SUCs of similar nature,
children, out-of-school youths and other segments of in view of the special character of this
society which are considerably need of their services. constitution are exempted from the NSTP.
 • e. Private higher and technical-vocational 1.2 Nature of Self and Self-awareness
education institutions with at least 350 student According to Birch (1997), one of the most
cadets may offer the ROTC component and crucial processes in the early years of the child's life is
consequently establish/maintain a Department of the development of sense of self. Gardner (1982) thus
Military Science and Tactics (DMST), subject to suggests that there are a number of factors that the
the existing rules and regulations of the Armed children should know. They should;
Forces of the Philippines (AFP). • be aware of their own body, its appearance, state
and body size;
LESSON II: • be able to refer to themselves appropriately
through language and be able to distinguish
VALUES EDUCATION SELF AWARENESS
descriptions which apply to self and which do
AND SELF-MANAGEMENT
not;
• Do you already know yourself?
• be aware of their own personal history,
• How well do you know yourself?
experiences they have had, skills and abilities
acquired, their own needs and wishes.
SELF-AWARENESS
Self-awareness is defined as an awareness or one
1.3 Importance of Self-awareness
personality or individuality. It includes paying attention
• The better you understand yourself, the better
to our many senses, thoughts, feelings and intuition,
you are able to accept or change who you are.
diving deep into our emotions to tap their sources and
Being in the dark about yourself means that you
seeing our thinking and how it creates our reality. Thus
will continue to get caught up in your own
self-awareness involves discovering our deepest essence.
internal struggles and allowed outside forces to
As you grow in self-awareness, you will better
mold and shape you.
understand why you feel what you feel and why you
• Having clarity about who you are and what you
behave as you behave. That understanding then gives you
want (and why you want it), empowers you to
the opportunity and freedom to change those things you'd
consciously and actively make those wants a
like to change about yourself and create the life you
reality. Otherwise, you'll continue to get "caught
want. Without fully knowing who you are, self-
up" in your own internal dramas and unknown
acceptance and change become impossible.
beliefs, allowing unknown thought processes to
determine your feelings and actions.
• The Open Self. This represents all the
information, behaviors, attitudes, feelings,
"Knowing others is wisdom, knowing yourself is
desires, motivations, ideas, and so on, that you
enlightenment “ -Tao Tzu
know about yourself and that others also know
“To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire
about you.
wisdom, one must observe." -Marilyn vos Savant
• The Blind Self. This represents information
SELF-MANAGEMENT
about yourself about which neither you nor
Success is not just a result of luck or fortune. It is
others know.
always the result of something else, something that leads
up to it. Shad Helmstetter, (2000) enumerated the five
• The Unknown Self. This represents those parts
steps that control our success or failure as follows:
of yourself about which neither you nor others
know.
2.1 The Self- Management Sequence;
• The Hidden Self. This contains all that you
1. Behavior. This is the most crucial step in determining
know of yourself but keep hidden from others.
success or failure. Behavior means our actions. How we
act, what we do, each moment of each day will determine
whether or not we will be successful that moment in
everything we do.

2. Feelings. Every action we take is first filtered through

our feelings. That is, if we feel good or positively about
something, we will behave more positively about it. Our
feelings thus directly influence our actions. And our
feelings are created, controlled, determined or influenced
by our attitudes.
3. Attitudes. Attitudes are the perspective from which 8. Be interesting. Read voraciously, and listen to learn,
we view our lives. Some are optimistic while some are then teach and share everything you know. No one owes
pessimistic. In fact, our attitudes play a very important you their attention; you have to earn it and keep
role to our success. And good attitudes are created, attracting it.
controlled or influenced entirely by our beliefs.
9. Be nice. Be courteous, polite and respectful. Be
4. Beliefs. Belief does not require that something be the considerate. Manners still count for an awful lot in life,
way we see to be. It only requires us to believe that it is and thank goodness they do.
Moreover, belief does not require something to be true. It
only requires us to believe that it is true. 10. Be self-disciplined. That's what adults are supposed
to "grow up" to be.
5. Programming. The programming or conditioning by
our parents and our environment have created reinforced, 11. Don’t be a victim or a martyr. You always have a
and nearly permanently cemented most of what we choice, so don't shy from it: Choose and choose without
believe about most of what goes on around us. It is regret. Look forward and be enthusiastic.
therefore our programming that sets up our belier, Our
belief creates attitudes, attitudes create feelings, feelings 12. Keep healthy and take care of yourself. Exercise your
affects our behavior, behavior determines actions and mind, body and spirit so you can be someone people
actions create results which determine our success or count on, and so you can live expansively and with
failure. abundance.

2.2 Twelve Rules for Self-Management LESSON III

THE HUMAN PERSON AND VALUES
1. Live by your values, whatever they are. You confuse DEVELOPMENT
people when you don't, because they can't predict how
you'll behave. Important Realities of the Human Person
2. Speak up! No one can "hear" what you're thinking 1. The Self-Image. Self-image refers to a person's
without you be willing to stand up for it. Mind-reading is understanding of himself/herself. It is responsible in
something most people can't do. influencing people's way of living. The formation of self-
image is derived from two sources: others and the
3. Honor your own good word, and keep the promises experiences of these self. There three kinds of self-image
you make. If not, people eventually stop believing most as follows:
of what you say, and your words will no longer work for • Negative self-image - delves on limitations and
you. differences rather than assets
• Overrated self-image - stresses on the positive
4. When you ask for more responsibility, expect to be traits.
held fully accountable. This is what seizing ownership of • Realistic self-image - based on the real self
something is all about; it's usually an all or nothing kind
of thing, and so you've got to treat it that way. 2. The others. These are the referred persons or groups
considered important and given the right to influence
5. Don't expect people to trust you if you aren't willing to One’s self.
be trustworthy for them first and foremost. Trust is an
outcome of fulfilled expectations. 3. The Being. It is the mainspring or a motivating force
in the human person. It is also referred as the wellspring
6. Be more productive by creating good habits and fountainhead of one's identity, one's essential course of
rejecting bad ones. Good habits corral your energies into action, and one's essential bonds. There are seven
a momentum-building rhythm for you; bad habits sap approaches to get in touch with the Being:
your energies drain you. • Approach by way of the self-image
• Approach by way of important choices
7. Have a good work ethic, for it seems to be getting rare • Approach by way of action
today. Curious, for those "old-fashioned" values like • Approach by way of what is "natural" and
dependability, timeliness, professionalism and diligence stressless
are prized more than ever before. Be action-oriented. • Approach by way of people who had the greatest
Seek to make things work. Be willing to do what it takes. impacton you
• Approach to self through severe trials
 • Approach by way of deep and not yet fulfilled
aspirations There are two major groups of human needs:
basic needs and meta needs.
4. The "I". The "I" has three different aspects. These are
intellect, the freedom, and the wall.

5. The Sensibility and the Body. These are the Basic needs are physiological, such as food, water, and
important realities of the human person. sleep; and psychological, such as affection, security, and
self-esteem. These basic needs are also called deficiency
TEN COMMANDMENTS OF HUMAN needs because they are not met by an individual, then that
RELATIONS person will strive to make up the deficiency.
1. Speak to people. There is nothing as nice as a cheerful
word of greeting. The higher needs are called meta needs or being
needs (growth needs). These include justice, goodness,
2. Smile at people. It takes 65 muscles to frown and only beauty, order, unity, etc. Basic needs normally take
1 muscles to smile. priority over growth needs. For example, a person who
lacks food or water will not normally attend to justice or
3. Call people by name. The sweetest music to anyone’s beauty needs.
is the sound of his/her own name.
These needs are listed below in hierarchical order. The
4. Be friendly and helpful. Add more friends, be basic needs on the bottom of the list (1 to 4) must
friendly. normally be met before the meta or being needs above

5. Be cordial. Speak and act as if everything you do were them can be met. The four meta needs( 5 to 😎 can be
a genuine pleasure. pursued in any order, depending upon a person’s wants
or circumstances, as long as the basic needs have all been
6. Be genuinely interested in people. You can like met.
everybody if you try.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
7. Be generous with praise. Take caution in criticizing. 8. Self-transcendence a transgenic level that emphasizes
visionary intuition, altruism, and unity consciousness.
8. Be considerate with the feelings of others. It will be
appreciated. 7. Self-actualization - know exactly who you are, where
you are going, and what you want to accomplish. A
9. Be thoughtful of the opinion of others. There are state of well-being.
three sides of a controversy yours, the other fellow's, and
the right one. 6. Aesthetic at peace, more curious about the inner
workings of all things.
10. Be alert to give service. What counts most to life is
what we do for others. 5. Cognitive - learning for learning alone, contribute
knowledge.
Human Person’s Dimension and His Needs
4. Esteem - feeling of moving up in world, recognition,
Human needs are an important part of human nature. few doubts about self.
Values, beliefs, and customs differ from country to
country and group to group, but all people have similar 3. Belongingness and love - belong to a group, close
needs. As a leader you must understand these needs friends to confide with.
because they are powerful motivators.
2. Safety- feel free from immediate danger.
Abraham Maslow felt that human needs were arranged
in a hierarchical order (Maslow, 1954). He based his 1. Physiological - food, water, shelter, sex.
theory on healthy, creative people who used all their
talents, potential, and capabilities. At the time, this 4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-ACTUALIZING
methodology differed from most other psychological PEOPLE:
research in that it was based on observing disturbed • Have better perceptions of reality and are
people. comfortable with it.
 • Accept themselves and their own natures. process or result of developing the values for a human
• Lack of artificiality. dignity.
• They focus on problems outside themselves and
are concerned with basic issues and eternal Different theorists define values as follows:
questions. • A value is a conception, explicit or implicit,
• They like privacy and tend to be detached. distinctive of an individual or characteristics of a
• Rely on their own development and continued group, of the desirable which influences the
growth. selection from available modes, means and ends
• Appreciate the basic pleasures of life (e.g. do not of action. - Clyde Kluckholm
take blessings for granted). • Value refers to the understanding of a certain
• Have a deep feeling of kinship with others. good for an individual or society which is
• Are deeply democratic and are not really aware considered worthy or realization. - Cornelius
of differences. Van Der Poel.
• Have strong ethical and moral standards. • Something that is freely chosen from alternatives
• Are original, inventive, less constricted and and is acted upon, that which the individual
fresher than others celebrates as being part of the creative
integration in development as a person.
HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND MOTIVATION
Basic and Core Values
• Motivation is the set of reasons that determines A universally acceptable value is one that produces
one to engage in a particular behavior. According behavior that is both beneficial both to the practitioner
to various theories, motivation may be rooted in and to those on whom it is practiced. Thus, Linda Eyre
the basic need to minimize physical pain and (1993) categorizes values as the value of being and the
maximize pleasure, or it may include specific values of giving.
needs such as eating and resting, or a desired 1. The values of Being:
object, hobby, goal, state of being, ideal, or it • Honesty
may be attributed to less-apparent reasons such • It should be practiced with other individuals,
as altruism, morality, or avoiding mortality. with institutions, with society, and with self. The
Motivation in education can have several effects on inner strength and confidence are bred by
how student learn and how they behave towards exacting truthfulness trustworthiness, and
subject matter. It can: integrity.
• 1. Direct behavior toward particular goals
• 2. Lead to increased effort and energy • Courage
• 3. Increase initiation of, and persistence in, This means daring to attempt difficult things that are
activities good. It is the strength not to follow the crowd, to say
• 4. Enhance cognitive processing and no mean it and influence others by it.
• 5. Determine what consequences are reinforcing
• 6. Lead to improved performance. • Peaceability
This means calmness, peacefulness, and serenity. It is the
The two kinds of motivation are as follows: tendency to accommodate rather than argue. It is the
• Intrinsic motivation occurs when people are ability to understand how others feel rather than simply
internally motivated to do something because it reacting to them. It means control of temper.
either brings them pleasure, they think it is
important, or they feel that what they are learning • Self-Reliance and Potential
is significant. This means individuality, awareness and development. It
• Extrinsic motivation comes into play when a means taking responsibility for one's own actions. It
student is compelled to do something or act a means overcoming the tendency to blame others for
certain way because of factors external to him or difficulties.
her (like money or good grades).
• Self-Discipline and Moderation
VALUES This refers to physical, mental, and financial self-
Value is derived from the Latin word, valere, to be discipline. It involves moderation in speaking, in eating
worth, be strong-something intrinsically valuable, or and in exercising. Furthermore, it means controlling one's
desirable. A thing has value when it is perceived as good appetites and understanding the limits of boy and mind.
and desirable. Thus, values development is the act,
• Fidelity and Chastity
This refers to the values and security of fidelity within 6. Religion
marriage and of restraint limits before marriage. It
involves commitment that go with marriage and sex. 7. The Economic Environment

2. The Values of Giving: 8. The Political Environment

• Loyalty and Dependability
9 Mass Media
This refers to family, employers, to country, to church, to
schools, and to other organizations and institutions. It
10. Political Environment
means reliability and consistency in doing what you say
you will do.

• Respect Strengths of the Filipino Character

This means respect for life, for property, for parents, for
elders, for nature, and for the beliefs and rights of others. 1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao (regard to others)
It refers to courtesy, politeness, and manners. It means
self-respect and avoidance of self-criticism. 2. Family Orientation

• Love 3. Joy and humor

It means individual and personal caring that goes beneath
4 Flexibility, Adaptability, Creativity
and beyond loyalty and respect. It means love for friends,
neighbors even adversaries, and prioritized, lifelong 5. Hard work and Industry
commitment of love for family.
6. Faith and Religiosity
• Unselfishness and Sensitivity
This means becoming more extra-centered and less self- 7. Ability to Survive
centered. It means learning to feel with and for others. It
refers to empathy, tolerance, brotherhood, sensitivity to • Weaknesses of the Filipino Character
needs in people and situations.
1. Extreme Personalism
• Kindness and Friendship
This refers to awareness that being kind and considerate 2. Extreme Family Centeredness
is more admirable than being tough and strong. It is the
3. Lack of Discipline
tendency to understand rather than confront, and be
gentle, particularly toward those who are younger and 4. Passivity and Lack of Initiative
weaker. It is ability to make and keep friends. It means
helpfulness and cheerfulness. 5. Colonial Mentality

• Justice and Mercy 6. Kanya-kanya Syndrome

This refers to obedience to law, fairness in work and
play. It is an understanding of the natural consequences 7. Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection
and the law of the harvest. It refers to the grasp of mercy
and forgiveness and an understanding of the futility a 8. Manana Habit
carrying a grudge.
9 The Fiesta Syndrome
FILIPINO VALUES
10. Over Hospitality
Factors that Affect the Roots of the Filipino
Character (dela Cruz, 2005)
1. The Family &Home Environment.

2. Social Environment

3. Culture and Language

4. History

5. Educational System