LESSON PLAN

COURSE: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING

TOPIC : PLACENTA EXAMINATION

TARGET GROUP: 2ND YEAR MIDWIFERY STUDENTS

CLASS SIZE: 15

VENUE: SKILLS LAB

TEACHING METHOD: DEMONSTRATION/ DISCUSSION

DATE: 20th OCTOBER 2023

DURATION: 2 HOURS

STUDENT NAME: SAKAUMBA MUZALA

IDENTITY NO.: 20211051
SUPERVISER: MRS CHIWELA

VISUAL AID: BOARD, FLIP CHART, MARKERS, PLACENTA MODEL AND OTHER EQUIPMENT

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GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the demonstration/ discussion students should be able to acquire knowledge and skill on placenta examination.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

At the end of the demonstration/ discussion students must be able to;

1. State the importance of placental examination

2. List the indication
3. n(s) for placenta examination
4. State the principles of placenta examination
5. List the requirements for conducting placenta examination
6. Outline the procedure of placenta examination.

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1

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INTRODUCTION

The placenta is a foetal organ consisting of an umbilical cord, membranes (chorion and amnion), and parenchyma. Maternal or foetal disorders
may have placental sequelae since the mother and foetus interface at this site. Conversely, primary placental abnormalities can affect both
maternal and foetal health. Thus, examination of the placenta may yield information on the impact of maternal disorders on the foetus or the
cause of preterm delivery, foetal growth restriction, or neuro developmental impairment. Placental examination is an essential component of the
autopsy in cases of foetal or neonatal death. Placental examination also aids in a number of difficult situations, such as legal issues regarding the
presence of acute versus chronic perinatal stresses and insults, diagnosis of the specific etiologies of adverse pregnancy outcomes and
identification of zygosity in multiple gestations, as well as pathologies unique to these pregnancies. During the examination, the size, shape,
consistency and completeness of the placenta should be determined, and the presence of accessory lobes, placental infarcts, haemorrhage,
tumours and nodules should be noted. The umbilical cord should be assessed for length, insertion, number of vessels, thromboses, knots and the
presence of Wharton's jelly. The colour, luster and odour of the foetal membranes should be evaluated, and the membranes should be examined
for the presence of large (velamentous) vessels. Tissue may be retained because of abnormal lobation of the placenta or because of placenta
accreta, placenta increta or placenta percreta.

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Specific Content Visual Teacher’s Learner’s Evaluation
Aids Activity Activity
Objectives
State the Importance of placental examination Placenta in Explaining, Listening, Why is
importance  Placenta examination may yield information on the receiver asking and asking and placenta
of placental impact of maternal disorders on the foetus or the cause answering answering examination
examination of preterm delivery. questions questions, important?
 Placental examination is an essential component of the contributing
autopsy in cases of foetal or neonatal death. to the
 Examination of the placenta can yield information that discussion
may be important in the immediate and later
management of mother and infant.
 It may also be essential for protecting the attending
physician in the event of an adverse maternal or foetal
outcome.

Specific Content Visual Teacher’s Learner’s Evaluation

Aids Activity Activity
Objectives

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List the Indication for placenta examination Placenta in Explaining, Listening, What are the
indication for Routine in third stage of labour receiver asking and asking and indications
placenta answering answering for placenta
examination questions questions, examination?
contributing
to the
discussion
Specific Content Visual Teacher’s Learner’s Evaluation
Aids Activity Activity
Objectives
State the The principles of placenta Placenta in Explaining, Listening, What are the
principles of  Use of flat surface receiver asking and asking and principles of
placenta  Ensure good lighting answering answering placenta
examination  Observe infection prevention principles questions questions, examination?
contributing
to the
discussion
Specific Content Visual Teacher’s Learner’s Evaluation
Aids Activity Activity
Objectives
List the Requirements for conducting placenta examination Surface area Explaining, Listening, What are the
requirements 1. Surface area with weighing scale with asking and asking and requirements
for 2. Sink with running water weighing answering answering for placenta
conducting scale, questions,

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placenta 3. Large tray containing placenta in questions contributing examination?
examination  Placenta in a receiver receiver and to the
 Measuring jug other discussion

 Measuring tape equipment

 Large swabs or gauze in a galipot

 Receiver for used swabs
 Examination gloves
 Plastic apron
 Bowl with 0.5% chlorine solution
Additional requirement
 Decontamination corner
 Placenta bin
Specific Content Visual Teacher’s Learner’s Evaluation
Aids Activity Activity
Objectives
Outline the Procedure of placenta examination Surface area Explaining, Listening, How do we
procedure of Method with demonstrating, asking and conduct
placenta 1. Wash hands, dry them and put on gloves. weighing asking and answering placenta
examination. 2. Hold the placenta in the palms of the hands maternal scale, answering questions, examination?
side facing upwards placenta in questions contributing
3. Weigh the placenta and assess circumference. receiver and to the
4. Assess and measure the amount of blood. other discussion

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5. Check whether all the lobules on the placenta are equipment
present and fit together.
6. Hold the cord with one hand and allow the placenta
membranes to hang down.
7. Insert the other hand inside the membranes, with
fingers spread out to note any part that could have
remained in the uterus.
8. Note the position of insertion of the cord.
9. Assess the length of the cord
10. Inspect the cut end of the cord with the swab for the
presence of two arteries and one vein.
11. Dispose of the placenta by incineration (or place in a
leak proof container for burial) after consulting with
the woman about cultural practices.
12. Immerse both gloved hands in 0.5% chlorine solution.
13. Clean surface area and decontaminate with
0.5%chlorine solution.
14. Remove gloves by turning them out, place in leak
proof container or plastic bag for disposal.
15. Report and document findings in client’s file.

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CONCLUSION

A nurse must be equipped with knowledge and skill on placenta examination in order to be able to identify pathologies. Placenta examination
requires practice in order to gain proficiency and accuracy in interpretation of findings.

SUMMARY

ASSIGNMENT

Students to perform a return demonstration on placenta examination.

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REFERENCES

General Nursing Council of Zambia, (2014). Procedures Manual for Registered Nursing Programme. Lusaka, Zambia.

https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0301/p1045.html accessed on 10/07/2018 at 14:07hours.

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