IA- MA-t ~

: : ___:(19!d_s _ jhat-
____4--0J d~s (){1 be ot#on ,, occ uJ-renre oJt 1ndrcofes
~ - : stare cf--
--- -- ------
bein9- .
• Tenses
e--------+------~ ~ - - - -
• 8fnrences -
8ubjec+ 1- LleHb __ csuqjecf: t- tJmb -t- obJect fopnomt)
• ph)..{ases 84Qject- + Je.J-r b + ob;ecf- Coptronof)
- - - --
(do<3 r) (oc-f¥on) (rfce9W! I {J-{oa/)
r---+--•-ol)j..-:,,e.'{e~c_t-_ _ _ _-+-
1 R
~oLz_,"_ ~ ~if¥ni p ~ --'> wha: _?__
J)rJ.{~ct lncbJ.tect- 1
&~bjEcJ Ve,L!b oQ_Jecl@)vteC2,f)
~ - - - , - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - ; - - - , - - - - ~ - - --

wh af?,) 1.L1ho / u. horn2 :~ W --lrom -fhe ~ _x___

, 8u b;ec +- Ue4 b IJ'\cLV-1 ee_ f-
t:------ ~ ~(§~JiXI?agtq) -------1

3ub U~b /rdrJ-1eoJ 6)fJ,ecf

r------ ---------

'Jypes:-
-----• ~nc~ple Ufµb D All)J iFCWf! Umb
( tna'tn ueµb) ( hrlp1ng Ue~b)
J l i
u-<0 ns, true --:Fn b-{o P str ve
--- \) tt.t b ueJ-1 b l)a.,H6 , (JJY/1,SJ,a/l,

nes w~th
l'byK~
· one~
obJect
w
1-tho7---+-- ne~ol ,
U,Sed fo
(_\.) n l
Woulo{ ,
(Y\~ f
-

--
-

- - ~ - " - - - - - - - - - - I - -- - -
----- Snoci(c/,
- -

--
t-------------
10 be 10 do fo haue COtl le,.\ I (Y)'ig M,

1 rs, a,4e, om was I

I
do r doe~, ha~ , h~ve, ml,L6t, ou3\'l+ to
------- -
WfHe, been, Mn3 drd -
hod
fo.3e No [J L_; □
 II

-- -- - - --- - - - - ---- -
--- _1 • i¼'lrdp!e \)e,.ibs : Ht,_ r-~ ds - - _i, ~bJ e~ha:1
~an~./que ueJ-lb i He pla~s CXJcket . 2
-----
:futJ.tor>SitftJe vei1b : =r. Lau gh.
Hf'lptn.9 JYlO.~ n ve~< b
- - -lb- - i
~ Au 'X.~ lrQ~ \) (W b s : m eel -QJ-l
--
~ 03-/ Id 0-9 to 8e theH .
eUJ
- - -
~rn~ • To be : He 1_§___ 3 01n9
--~-rxJ/Y~ To hq\,~ ~ He hos c{on& h'IS W~K
- -
To do: He d1d()·t do hrs (J)QJ.{K..
--------t------- - -----
~!f n1 fe V_e.>--t_b_ _ _ _ __
~CV--\9~Y\oJ -Auv~r(]J_~ "o He needs m(J help .
- - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - -- - - - - -
\t1 o daI ~"'£J \ r aJ-~ ~ He can be Qt 't]OV.
> rn0.~n

(' 1 '• I /
_ __ j_
' _/1(1 i/(~ \, t_'. _f _·'_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _r _ n_~_(I_~_,_;l _ ~-_ 1.. _
C_L,_
/J_:;_ __
chan3e ocw~dJQ9 ~D
-_ --
_ _-fh
_ e ~ect- _ __ _ __
---
_ _o_(---.
tO_ _ _fD -lhe s;u. blecJ_
s.t_dJ_ ~
1
nomb~ Te~e~cn f ooon Te~e rwrn bCH
Sen~c e SPn-knc e
nurnb e>--t ; S109ul~ , pl UJ-toJ ./Connet ~o."'d clot'\~
- - -------"f - - -

- -
1 "Tense : ~+, l?J--1 e~en+, -kJ-w-u~
- - ir - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - --
,n o ~+ ence -
•
---
1 Pv-t~on ~ :Cs.t. --:Ur>cl , ~
. Sllf<'uf) j DLJe4 W
◄
CooK,.
> J,

I 1

nt> h --tmrt---
=======-:S'ner==a=m==a=~==d=ero==·
~ o ~-\udem.
========----~~-bn;
\Jt,.-( b ve.9---t b.
 MA-t

• Non . frnite
t-----l--- lf')~n1-l-rue _ _ P(J).(/!ople [JI eJtvnd
• 8ase w1m • ocfs bo-lh • ends ())1-fh "ing '
t---+-- -- - ---- - - - - - -~
of \J e,.t b O,S VV1 b 0 acf~ os o noun
t---+-----
0 used with_ _ and aolject; ue
'-lo' .J; 1 4
- - - - - --
&eSenJ- Past
+-?n.9 +ect 0Jf pasf {aJJm cf uwb
e9: • Suman /otJ-U, i2 c{ance O base:-, ~m
~ft)~ u~ed Wi·+h bOSe to.J!m of U{}( b ~ l)fJ--lb
o He fiat on a bJ-lo e cho~~ .
Pauf-rclp le ~ both o s ~band a__c-{Jec-kve o

• an CrrcJ<.e.f ,s not altoUJecf t)e}-{G ,

noun ( u--tfJ.W no/) ( hot happen).

 Pule :L
Lt:hen t}«JO mnJ1e. ::.ubJ c..f.<; aHe . 1n bJ
l(

'QS u elJa ~. lrke. ( nlTk~ , b s'Jdet, n. CTtrhi en fo, '- 7~.

ttije-lhe>t t.vH h , 0/on.9Nh . nnd not t.J. I r_ a-# e ' -/hon,

ro le~ ·-lhan . <t'fre pt, no·/h1n9 lxJ..-1 IYDJ~tJ lf), r,J
1ho,1 ti?~ ~ -!he I' eq1h rs NSerl ru r tdtng lo {/Je
+1. ~,st so bjec {- .
"
c9. Mo._~te n,cn -/Inn one WO le obsr rd u~~f-e,:,Ja~ ·
me c{l,_l{fC-t 0~_9/ C'iS LL1e/l Cl<; -f h(! ri,... r~, IS
1
{)

~ hcnowtecl b&
pub/re .
l"> lcC'fs ( o.uo-.9-l({~n3 '1-o -1he 1ch>t~clu}\ .• )

---- ---
Rule-=rr_
u)hen '+{DO (!))./ fftOJ.{t subrects (l~e, CCI" n€ckd b~r
1hot onlu- buJ o/So , ns7iheJ !- nM,- fi-)1-:::, =-l:.. '/ '
--nOn<!::- buJ' -+he ~~ b _!_ ~_ occo,HctYr~9 Jc, Jt.::- ,"t,~.. est
Sti~Jec+, ,\Ub)1'1!f- ! -Vuh;cct~ - 1' u,,as;.
E' 9• _Ne9}he>! '-lhc ,Qfodr_rd·<;_ /l(~l_}fill L C\'.. l',d()_ 0:_L'-fl {f)
0

-f'--oor d p;t e~en t- ?n ·I11e C'Ci1,,n 1on c~l cr,n.

,Quit -:J]J_
{a) 'N&tht,1 c1lhc>t, none, 011.:Jone, , each, ror 1ltl , u~ d
1
, os

-1--
P.,tonryJn CJ1J1 actJe.cnue.~/1c utd be
1 {bll0Lucct
b_9 --/huld pe)tSon Stngulalt ueotb.
 e.g . "· he I o.& u,,,~dtne <Jjj)
_______.......
11 •. 'lk.

lb) uJhen AJ0tn 7-$ a,frl r,,9 /h n_, nfnh/iv , L/J S I) o

81ngu(at1 and p/uunl L'e rb<; rJJ.tf. re,1 1f r f.
aclt [LtNh unroc11frrNe /1( ( n
--+--
J,,fl0(j({I_ ~/ ). ·D 7.~ (, t , rf ~
~
fa,9. !t)o(le, 0) @j_t0f}~) ~ rlr fl,, h'",r 0 , ;·~ ~ l< t

--+-_A._)one !_t ~ht - LOa9U( ® _ !!!J7(J0 lcd. -

- -
(C) (lhen 1each' ,s used a/fut cSU bJc?CI 1h2 Uc-<) ~s p lU(.O/ 1
0

C".J- We @c~ {at m cw-1 ba_cy:;.

Ue>-tb,

Qute) -rrr __ __ __ __ _
When plw-tal noons_ ~ p/07() _/1pce,frc ·cn,oc-nt: 8un1,
- dr.stonre,, QUor,fify, t1rne , pf't5"td ',
ns O U?ho/c' ,Jhe t~hould bE: (.9,n9ulaJt.
'l)Otb
e9. \.flue mrles ,®reJ nof O /Ofg eirstonre.
~pc rY{';c c\Y.sla(Ye 6, rs Cs1n9tt[M1 V·!' lb) .

RLtleY
t/7B Qf p.Jtessron ~ mo ny o/ on ~ rnD}re -{Inn one.' <Should fr:
-follou~cl b~ o S'ln9ulw-1 (loDn co1.ci .<:;1nguJOJr votb.
 P/uJtoJ f>/U~{af
i nor'n t ur~, b
e.g. Mon~ 9ccrcients _hof>e. J(ecent-18 tnkm PI oce.

Many @ arc1cfenf-s ha1~. Jrerf'nHu {qk('n Pterce::.

(; occ,cl cni he, s c ~-l>'7 n3 u. loJ.B +~)

f:trle JJL
J'Y) o compoord t1crncnce, ))('1/h (fl(J7J7W(y \}(}tbs ore/
p,o.erc,[Xfl Ue9lbs 8houlcl be rre-/'ronecf 8f'poJt a+e~
Yr +h~ oti ff e~ 1n numbeJt r; f;.rom 0J 1 vo1cc.
--
m 8ClCh coses: one uo,b CC?nnot oct ·-feu-1 bo1h
1he clauses , - --
_e9. He hos~l?tJt and c;v,n mJ)fflaJ-tJttf 1n flfCl)-1 ffefw-rt9 ._ _
--+., ),~eten,f P&rfrcl- 1..£ 8/mp/c. -Pu+w1e
__ He _hos n~f:@aJ{J!J@ and w,11 not ([naJ-mY) in neay
tuf ULte .

-~,,nc:,~ule J!I[.
_!!}UeJ-1 kaJ Wt m 0! -+he UcHb rs user/ 1n 'fhe
~Jlbwin!J c Ofes 0

- - - ; - - - - -- - - - - -- -- -_J
(A) Whfn m~_§_~nttnre 1~ 1n~1odur~d by odu eub .
---
__ I
(&) ll h<:n
1

U)i~h
11,e
--
~~
UeJ-tb ts meant
pJiO~eJ-l .:__ - -
fo et ()J-1ers
--
a
eog. No ~ooneJ-1 ctrd ~he
-- 8tOJ-1kd Lou_ghfnj.
1 MJ.L7UB
--
than ~-he- -
 ma.!j ~cu aucce~S m Ir fe.

Rule lJIT[
-ihe. Wt/b 7n ·lh~ ·l'ol!ou,i(9 cases 95 uJP.d r,, c<?i'ngufo..H
t() ~,n1.
IR) {._'hfn Vll 1D c\1?n!]U !OH /}[i, ns (} tclc C/ Y(J ·!he r_qo me
{)CLtJon dfnolecl l[J 0ne rv1/!rl~ ·.
lB) ~.m fe,1fciln ph.~1nSeS' t.i.Pt ·1r:1rcrnrr/?c f;(n I of t1 1t.ndt
&u99t:~"'tr,v -/he &ml{~ nY:011lr19> /ho rr9h 11 ,,/ J!JIJDfl.fjmS.
e9" me Sltn) ani S C/bScQ1K c of ihe parso30(~{) JiL'C/7 lxluc.
s;rouJ and Sfead!J @I) ·fh~ _cQ 1ace~ __

Qule. TC
CA) When -/he &en-f-enrc:, IXJJ~ns u'r/ h ·:rt' '-fie I Lib /(" C
I.,\., ,~

acloJ-t.dftg WJ -/he Jul?)ect b1t •

1

(~) 1n c11r.1e oP t enfenre be37nn7f!J (L'i//7 {hELt(. ord

___!nfou-1c0of-?l~ _ptonou/l7 --!he Ltt~b 7S ac{c /-<ru19 1c1 '-!he
f)}t«/fcote I CJJmp!eme11t O - -

------ - - ---
HoU)f_(}l,'--f vcwb c.9/1ould J?ot_ ''!! ctscd rrcrC'_c(dr,!) cfo
' (1:-mp/ement ?n oihe;-1 {hon f lleJe { QJes -
- -- -- ---

e,9. r-- ~
1 (R) s+ rs Gstmr~ -!mt 9_wde ow-, d.esfrny.
------~ who Q!!> lle/p7ng you.
 ~
(m fjfffiD6iiiJ> a boy 'In --/he clCtSSJ-/Qom •.
~ --the tx>US .-,hDu,grrt
_-=.~ ~ OWLtf :{his p/ona

~uleX
__ 1 (A) Ft s1n9ulcv1 DJ.Io plW-ra/ [}eJ1b u)7/h 1he noo()s
~ -,, rn 1he ~llow7rg cases ts used c1crw1d1n9
1 fD 1he 8fnSe ~hey ronuf!J.
t - - ------ +

(1) NumbeH (Jl) Neons , u103es (r!IJ Vwirefy, pten/y1

---- -;.. ,es F~ ol ot, o /of of { lots o() , o heap D(, -
fwD +htJ(dS or , mos f- 0 f ~o me of , 0 hol f of ,
1
r---- + - - -- --

t - - - -- - - + -
'f)e>-!Cenr 0-f.
C•go
0) umbeQ.f of ffJ!:) absent on acrount
- -

Df weo+neJt. 7
pi) rvreons OJ-le: mOJ-te ?m!)OJ-ltonf fho11 -+he erp&.
{r,r) A UMkJ of -Pca:J ts uar/able ?n +his hole /.

~vle =x[ Um-teal [bs f )JubJunwve 'M ood

R (J)1cSh , o re991et, onl7ket,y Cr>ndr#on and ronfJ-tOJ-t!)
..._____J~ -!'act cSfatfm2nts Me_ eKp-te~Jed ?r;_
_ _I(~ubJuncH~ /Yi()Odc ---- - - - -
--~-=
__J
_ _+-\-A) In
~ubJl)nfHte (YlODc!_!Pcesent t?fUa/!an) we may \
UJ e 'u)as/ w(J-le '7
-
_ _ _+h Duah ~, ll)f)-{e -v E_ _!:.~ -/ecf rY-f ()1 DJ{e
CCJJ{J-lecf /af1ma CJrmple post p!W_ct l _U_ _ _ _ _~
__ _ ___
?~c}e No ~ :J [J
r.!1'1 \;!l, I ~· ,....... -· If • - - I - I

I wJsh t{JJ I _{! _

_ fJ! le& llf
tr) To expJ-tess J-f(JJJ ef
'
8?1-uof!on • CDf fhe #me ____ ol · 8-f__e_aKJn_f
}
ego :i W!Sh :1 UJeJIB) J}YCh now 6

1
11) t0 exp11ess unlike!!} cond
t/lofl . - -
-
eg -:Ct -'J @_g) Cl kach01 , .I- would f?e/p !)6U.
O --
{,r v As ii/ QJ !ho qgh 1 7/Te cJUDJCJf1I Ct7/Je _E_ OrJ be t!J~d ,_
o clo vte f:® 7!ln 7flj cuffh OJ !I /as --!h ough'
fn --- - -
lac !,, -
fo erpJ-tess 01 Jf(]1 ftmfnt {0fJrJ/OJlY lo Jhe -- -

!f 0h e C!}eJ-le #l e !qnd ·1ad fjb-

cg ~ cJh~ CY?roves QJ -

(8) fll /eJI & It JJ h1gh f Ime 'V

eg ~ -:rt 7S t;rg /J ffme_ you dJ~ tomtJ#;f(){J (lj!) /)Jo

l COost) Cias ~houid ) /

(C) f)f/eJI woutc/ J<rtfhev/ hat/ YtqlhfJI

I
I
f Clac;se
7h e/2 (3 phJ-!oJes ())le ~/loLued bJ Q clause ?fJ
I
mood
a cJUbJoncllue 0

0/h(?)lwiJe dmect lnff o?/fve r~ USf£/o I

ego :r wo uld ~tofl?fJ! go c/o ()1 O/Yl !)al (J
I

to) JrJ cJubJu1?c!ILl6 mofJd Y-t fµ};JJ7f!3 c/6 Past Jlh a# 0/J
UJe PaJf P&1/ed rente.
eg :r wts/7 -x had o 90n men.
J

I
 eu,e. =xrr:
-rrr~ l/Je eif <fr,usof!!__ t) t'Ccfbg .
--- ~ fla kl~ , (l/e t , I tnlJt-: cau~c:; ·
eg 11 ~ n,etl(~
_ 1- ~rn: -J fr? erd lUJ1Ytr:> n /rHe~,.
M!J -1:Jt~(!nd @as.. 1nade) f D t.t~ dtf n I ftte '1 ,
-----{ - _ ~ Passiue
- -RuleX//1
--- - -
_ _LOl7fn ne!Jrd1ue _rdea~ o. 0 le _!ntQ
trrjt 1c ed mo no tJn
-- cla~e --
p'-'t,rnc~pol
Lo1fh -fhe -!ollo u_,rn!J
c/ouse , yf ,s
-
Ut:-1bs 7n
- - ---
0clui&Jble -tD J)?Ctkr:?,
----1 --- --- -- - - -
~9ncrpal c/OUSe: 1n nesa-Hue
I 0

- -JI -{:hint ,-rmo97n8 J bfl7@Ue 61 L1/f0S6~-· 9 ----- ~--

e3 o

.___~--------1 @()n f_j!)i~ 9

he u)i// poss . ✓
---_ _ __ _
1- ·thin!( h~ l()i/1 not f(ISS X O

Rule 1JJ1
- -m-e p-os-if!_o_11_of--:-- l}f)-l
- b- ,n--fhe c!aufe. -br()7nnrnJ cuilh
_s, O(lcl Than' uJher; -!he &uttec,i· ts /)rddef) ~
_--+----'b-
O

C/) D
1-----t---- - - - - -- - - -- --

7m f)Ues/:f cqme on (!me as (J)eJ-te hoped 0

I----+ The 9uests comt- on- {Jme - 0~(:rt) luOS -- hope d~

-¼-- - - - ~ -- - -
P~Qe No [ ]l 7 □
 ·.
t:"· ~
\ c.l~ MA'te. I~
- - --

l<t.lle:z1C UeJlbs of fen (t:Jnfused

-~---- --- - - - -- - -r- ------ -

Post ·P().),{ {-rc1pie

-

7f't:- fuse fr»lm Past - ,--- -- ·- ~ --- -

(h-/esent) -
·- - - - -- ..
·-

/o sw1n.9 ~ c$'uJLJfl.9 !5wun9 ,

-
)o LUJ-l1fl_9 WJ-/Un!} uJJ-Jvng
-
3 .. St,n3 StunJ St un9 ·
11· Frnd fr)und -
found ·-
Qo f:ound P.oonded foundec/
60 (- at/ (ell Fol/(}{)
-
-=fo (ell (ell ed Pelted
8) Belo/I /je/e /J ~efol!en
q. Fl~ Flew Flown
Io~ E/ow Blew B/DWf)
11· F/Dw Flowed Flowed
/2 · gf}_;fl(e .SiJtuc!<_ d V-(UC/(_ I

Stucl( ·
I

1'3~ Stick itucK

1+. Jee_ /]ow Seel)
l 6, Sow Jawed Sawed /Jown
{b· Flee Fle d Pied
/10 AJJia- f1/r!Jec ko/ AJJ&f ed
1e I vtrt~ct f:111-ded ~t!cied
l9u R_end Rent Rent
oJo. R_enf Renfed Ren-lee/
c0l Awok~
0
f)wo;<_e Rwoke / Awa/<_er;
PC\ e. No DOC
o9d)w tUake wo/(_e lUol<.en
0
 C.. A---·

l o• /re /rer/ /ted

).lJ . {fe · t.ay {!1. rn
26 . J-lans ftarJged Ho~gc--d
) b. lotc/ if/le /
la!J
21· HOnJ Hon!J Hull!}
Cast Ca) (
:2-B- Cast
)Q. 7e/ecost 72'/ecost --re/ecasf
----
3D- FDJ1ecast PaJ-t8CalJt foJ-1em.st
-
3/o Cost Cost Co.st
:32- Lose Last tost
32). Rfse Rose R!Sf /7

~v. Raise R.orsed R.alserj

65, {J.J,/7Se., fJJ-ttJSe fu,r7Sfl)
'36 - Rouse Roused /{t)USe, d
'Z!> 1· Bfnd /jound Boond
~6- Bound /dounded ~oondecl
Zjq. 01acl-rse /!fotocHsed R;roc f tsec/
1-0J AduiJe {'du7Jec/
--
ISed
AdU- -
-
-t I~ Deu7~e Devised !)eu iSed
42• !2J-,t oE!}_esy 0-top_he~ied 0-topheJ!ed
1-3, {}-eU/nc/ -
-
-
(}.fl&tJn cl
(Jm ounded
Wt6u17c/ /){Jtound -- 1
~,fo (J()-(ound - - f.Htr ou ncled
4-6. /3et)}( BCJJ-te 1Ja;.1f)e
4-6~ Berm /EOJ/e
- -
£> D.}ff)
4-1· Wfrr/ Wound [L)CJ un o(
-- - P"r~ No □ cu
 I -- I
I
I
As• Wound cuounded u;ounded
-

+[}~ f-oJ-te~qo Poyreuent F-oJJe3one

60. I f.DY(qV PoJ-twent foJ-1gone