Subnetting Basics
CCNA1v4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved. 1
Objectives
▪ Be able to perform basic subnetting in the shortest
possible time
▪ Identify Network addresses, Host Address Ranges,
Broadcast Addresses
▪ Subnetting a Subnet ( VLSM) : Basics
▪ Troubleshoot Addressing Problems in a network
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 2
Classify and Define IPv4
Addresses
▪ 3 types of addresses determined by HOST value
Range of addresses between Network & Broadcast address
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 e.g. 10.0.0.1 – 10.0.0.254
© 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 3
Determining the NW & Host
portions
▪ Indicated by the prefix or subnet mask (more later)
▪ E.g. network with prefix of /24 means
-24 bits used for NW portion
-8 bits used for Host portion (32 – 24)
- For a network with a prefix of /25
-How many bits are used for the NW portion?
-How many bits are used for the Host portion?
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 4
Using all this now to work out the
addresses for a given network
▪ For the address 172.16.20.0 with prefix /26
-What is the NW address?
-What is the Broadcast address?
-What is the range of Host addresses?
- Let’s work through this example …
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 5
Using all this now to work out the
addresses for a given network
▪ Now your turn…
▪ For the address 172.16.4.32 with prefix /28
-What is the NW address? 172.16.4.32
-What is the Broadcast address? 172.16.4.47
-What is the range of Host addresses? 172.16.4.33-46
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 6
Challenge with IPv4 address
▪ I have 2 departments in my organization
-Each has about 125 hosts
-I would like to keep them in separate NWs
-I have been assigned an IP network address space of
192.168.1.0 /24
-This is one NW, and I need 2
-I cannot change the IP address NW portion
-But I can change the host portion
▪ Solution = Subnetting (dividing network into separate
networks)
- Borrowing bits from the Host portion
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 7
Subnetting
▪ 192.168.1.0 /24
-24 bit is NW portion
-8 bits is Host portion
-I can borrow from the Host portion
▪ How many bits?
-2n ≥ # of subnets required
-n = # of bits to borrow
▪ So for our example we need to borrow:
-2n ≥ 2
-Therefore n=1 (we need to borrow 1 bit)
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 8
Subnetting
▪ The borrowed bits become part of my subnet mask/prefix (we
borrowed 1 bit)
▪ Before subnetting /24 (255.255.255.0)
▪ After subnetting /25 (255.255.255.128)
-25 bit is NW portion & 7 bits is Host portion
▪ How many hosts can I have per subnet?
-2m – 2
-m = # of bits in the Host portion
▪ So for our example:
-2m – 2
-m =7
-Therefore we can have 126 hosts (128 – 2)
-(We needed 125)
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 9
Subnetting
▪ Our previous network was 192.168.1.0 /24
▪ How does our new networks look like?
-192.168.1.00000000 /25 or 192.168.1.0 /25
-192.168.1.10000000 /25 or 192.168.1.128 /25
▪ And there special addresses?
- Network/subnet 192.168.1.0 /25
-Broadcast 192.168.1.01111111 or 192.168.1.127
-Host range 192.168.1.00000001 – 01111110 or .1 - .126
▪ So how about the other subnet – you calculate:
-Network/subnet 192.168.1.128 /25
-Broadcast 192.168.1.11111111 or 192.168.1.255
-Host range 192.168.1.10000001 – 11111110 or .129 - .254
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 10
Another Subnetting exercise
▪ You have 192.168.1.0 /24 and want 6 subnets
▪ Calculate
-6 subnets with prefix
-Broadcast address for each subnet
-Host range for each subnet
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 11
More Examples
CCNA1v4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved. 12
Which Network Prefix will work
with the IP addressing Scheme
shown ..
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 13
Which IPv4 Subnetted addresses
represent host addresses
▪ 192.168.4.127/26
▪ 192.168.4.155/26
▪ 192.168.4.193/26
▪ 192.168.4.95/27
▪ 192.168.4.159/27
▪ 192.168.4.207/27
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 14
The Big Five Questions
▪ How many Subnets ?
2n = number of subnets , n = no. of bits borrow
▪ How many Hosts per Subnets?
2m -2 , m = no. of bits in the host portion
▪ What are the valid subnets ?
256 – subnet mask = Block size or increment number
▪ What is the broadcast address of each subnet ?
The number right before the next subnet
▪ What are the valid hosts ?
Valid hosts are the numbers between the subnets , ommiting all
0’s and all 1’s
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 15
Calculate & Assign Addresses…
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 16
Calculate Addresses for Host
Requirements…
CCNA1V4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved 17
Questions?
CCNA1v4.0Chpt6 © 2007 SSA CATC. All rights reserved. 18
