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1 An electric pump is placed in a container of liquid. A model wind turbine is connected to the pump
by a cable, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
blades
moving air
pipe
h
cable pump
wind turbine
bench liquid
Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)
The turbine is placed in moving air. As the turbine blades turn, electricity is generated and the
pump pushes liquid through a vertical pipe.
The frequency of rotation of the turbine blades is f. The height the liquid moves is h. The mass per
unit time of the liquid leaving the top of the pipe is Q.
It is suggested that Q is related to f by the relationship
Qgh = C + Df 3
where g is the acceleration of free fall, and C and D are constants.
Plan a laboratory experiment to test the relationship between Q and f.
Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of your equipment.
Explain how the results could be used to determine values for C and D.
In your plan you should include:
• the procedure to be followed
• the measurements to be taken
• the control of variables
• the analysis of the data
• any safety precautions to be taken.
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2 A student investigates standing waves in water. A sound source is placed at the bottom of a
cylinder containing water. A microphone, attached to a rod, is placed above the sound source, as
shown in Fig. 2.1.
rod
to oscilloscope to signal generator
water
microphone
sound source bench
Fig. 2.1
The sound source is connected to a signal generator. The microphone is connected to an
oscilloscope.
The signal generator is set to a frequency f. The microphone is moved up away from the sound
source until the maximum amplitude is observed on the oscilloscope screen. The distance d1
between the microphone and sound source is measured.
The microphone is moved up a further 2.0 cm. The microphone is then moved down until the
maximum amplitude is observed on the oscilloscope screen. A second value d2 is measured. The
average value of d is calculated.
The experiment is repeated for different values of f.
It is suggested that f and d are related by the equation
v
= 4 (d + k)
f
where v is the speed of sound in water and k is a constant.
1
(a) A graph is plotted of d on the y-axis against on the x-axis.
f
Determine expressions for the gradient and the y-intercept.
gradient = ...............................................................
y-intercept = ...............................................................
[1]
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(b) Values of f, d1 and d2 are given in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
1
f / 103 Hz / 10–3 Hz–1 d1 / cm d2 / cm d / cm
f
1.5 24.9 24.5
2.1 17.2 17.6
2.8 12.4 13.0
4.1 8.1 8.7
5.2 6.2 7.0
7.6 5.0 4.2
1
Calculate and record values of / 10–3 Hz–1 and d / cm in Table 2.1.
f
Include the absolute uncertainties in d. [2]
1
(c) (i) Plot a graph of d / cm against / 10–3 Hz–1.
f
Include error bars for d. [2]
(ii) Draw the straight line of best fit and a worst acceptable straight line on your graph. Label
both lines. [2]
(iii) Determine the gradient of the line of best fit. Include the absolute uncertainty in your
answer.
gradient = ......................................................... [2]
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26.0
24.0
d / cm
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
1
/ 10–3 Hz–1
f
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(iv) Determine the y-intercept of the line of best fit. Include the absolute uncertainty in your
answer.
y-intercept = .......................................................... [2]
(d) Using your answers to (a), (c)(iii) and (c)(iv), determine the values of v and k. Include
appropriate units and include the absolute uncertainties in your answers.
v = ...............................................................
k = ...............................................................
[3]
(e) The experiment is repeated. Determine the frequency f that gives a value of d of 30.0 cm.
f = .................................................... Hz [1]
[Total: 15]
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
© UCLES 2023 9702/52/F/M/23
