DynamoDB Data Modelling
DynamoDB Data Modelling
DAT410
Alex DeBrie
Principal
DeBrie Advisory
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Agenda
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Related talks
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Alex DeBrie
• Independent consultant
dynamodbbook.com
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DynamoDB basics
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DynamoDB basics
• Table
• Item
• Primary key
• Attributes
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Table
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Item
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Primary key
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Attributes
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Attributes
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Attributes
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Attributes
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Primary keys
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Simple primary key
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Simple primary key
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Composite primary key
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Composite primary key
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Composite primary key
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Composite primary key
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Composite primary key
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Composite primary key
Item
Item
Item
Item
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Composite primary key
Combination must be unique
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Composite primary key
Item collection
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Primary key design is crucial
to DynamoDB success
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Partition Partition Partition
1 4 7
PutItem:
CustomerEmail:“alexdebrie1..” fx(CustomerEmail):
BookingId: “01FFAB…” Partition Partition Partition
This item belongs to 2 5 8
Partition 1
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Primary keys
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Simple primary key
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Simple primary key
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Composite primary key
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Composite primary key
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Partition Partition Partition
1 4 7
PutItem:
CustomerEmail:“alexdebrie1..” fx(CustomerEmail):
BookingId: “01FFAB…” Partition Partition Partition
This item belongs to 2 5 8
Partition 1
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Composite primary key
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Composite primary key Query
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Composite primary key Query
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Composite primary key
Item collection
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Composite primary key
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Secondary index
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Secondary indexes
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DynamoDB basics – review
• Key terminology
• Types of primary keys and their implications
• Secondary indexes
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
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Partition Partition Partition
1 4 7
PutItem:
CustomerEmail:“alexdebrie1..” fx(CustomerEmail):
BookingId: “01FFAB…” Partition Partition Partition
This item belongs to 2 5 8
Partition 1
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Lots of databases partition!
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Multi-tenancy in DynamoDB
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Everything
fails, all
the time
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Photo by Guido van Nispen / CC BY 2.0
Lots of databases partition!
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
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Partition Partition Partition
1 4 7
PutItem:
CustomerEmail:“alexdebrie1..” fx(CustomerEmail):
BookingId: “01FFAB…” Partition Partition Partition
This item belongs to 2 5 8
Partition 1
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Simple primary key
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Composite primary key
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https://twitter.com/floydophone/status/1708567162280112392
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
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Partition Partition Partition
1 4 7
PutItem:
CustomerEmail:“alexdebrie1..” fx(CustomerEmail):
BookingId: “01FFAB…” Partition Partition Partition
This item belongs to 2 5 8
Partition 1
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Partition 1 Replica Group
Leader
Replica Replica
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What is a partition?
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
• Operation-based pricing
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DynamoDB billing
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
• Operation-based pricing
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DynamoDB
hides operational complexity
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
• Operation-based pricing
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DynamoDB
hides operational complexity
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DynamoDB
hides operational complexity
but
reveals performance costs
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
• Operation-based pricing
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DynamoDB
hides operational complexity
but
reveals performance costs
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Data modeling walkthrough
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Before we start
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Pattern 1: SearchFlightOptions
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Origin Destination
Date
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Origin Destination Date
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Knowing your domain
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Approaching the problem
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Approaching the problem
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Approaching the problem
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Approaching the problem
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Approaching the problem
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Approaching the problem
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Approaching the problem
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Approaching the problem
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Doing the math
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Is there a better way?
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Doing the math
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Flight record item
• Two pieces:
▪ Route data (Origin, destination, date, departure time)
▪ Current flight status (seats available, pricing)
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Doing the math part 2
• DynamoDB math:
▪ 10 routes with 2 legs per route == 20 flights
▪ GetItem @ 1.5KB = 0.5KB (EC) * 20 flights == 10 RCUs
Total: 10 RCUs
($0.25 per 100,000 executions)
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Takeaways
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Pattern 2: BookFlight
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BookFlight requirements
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BookFlight: Maintaining constraints
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BookFlight: Maintaining constraints
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BookFlight: Maintaining constraints
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BookFlight: Maintaining constraints
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight workflows
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BookFlight requirements
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BookFlight: full flow
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DynamoDB transactions
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BookFlight: full flow
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Write operation takeaways
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Pattern 3: Complex filtering
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Complex filtering
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Unique aspects of DynamoDB
• Partitioning?
• Multi-tenant
• Operation-based pricing
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1. Left-to-right
2. No gaps/skipping
3. Up to and including the first range
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Origin Destination Class
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Complex filtering
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Complex filtering
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Example 1: User bookings search
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Example 1: User bookings search
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Example 1: User bookings search
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Example 1: User bookings search
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Example 1: User bookings search
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Example 1: User bookings search
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Example 1: User bookings search
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Example 1: User bookings search
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Complex filtering options
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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GSISK GSIPK
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Secondary indexes
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Secondary index projections
• Benefits:
▪ Can reduce item size ➔ smaller RCU + WCU consumption
▪ Can avoid writes to index altogether → lowers WCU consumption
• Downsides:
▪ Less schema flexibility
▪ Might need a follow-up GetItem
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Complex filtering options
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Complex filtering options
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Complex filtering options
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Example 2: Organization bookings search
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Complex filtering options
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Complex filtering options
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Complex filtering options
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Example 3: Large target dataset
• Examples:
▪ Organizational filtering of flights for large orgs (>5000 employees)
▪ Filtering of large product catalog (Amazon.com)
▪ Full-text search
• Look to external, purpose-built systems
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Integrating with external systems
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Complex filtering options
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Complex filtering options
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Summary
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Key takeaways
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Thank you! Please complete the session
survey in the mobile app
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