KVS ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CBTI X SCIENCE CH_4_ CARBON AND ITS COMPOUND

Q. NO QUESTION
MCQ s 1 MARK EACH
1. Name the homologous series to which C3H8 belongs
(a ) Alkynes
(b ) Alkenes
(c ) Alkanes
(d ) Cycloalkanes

2. Identify the functional groups present in the compound-

CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO
3. Interpreteamong the following will conduct electricity?
a) C6H12O6
b) C2H5OH
c) NaCl (aq)
d) C2H6
4. In order to form branching, an organic compound must have a minimum of
a) Four carbon atom
b) three carbon atom
c) Five carbon atom
d) Any number of carbon atom
5. Alcohols can be prepared by the hydration of
a) Alkenes
b) alkynes
c) alkanes
d) acids
6. Which of the following molecules has all its atoms joined together by double covalent bond
a) Methane
b) water
c) carbon dioxide
d) Nitrogen trichloride
7. Suggest the type of fuels :
(a) Burn with a flame?
(b) Burn without a flame?
8. Assertion -The functional group present in alcohol is –OH.
Reason - It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol have similar properties.
Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false

9. Assertion- Saturated Hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.

Reason- All the valencies of carbon atom are satisfied by single covalent bond.
Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false

10. Sonali’s mother has cracked hands due to washing clothes regularly. Explain the possible reasons of
it?
11. Substance 'X' is a moderate conductor of electricity. The structure of substance 'X' is as shown
below:

Which statements about substance 'X' are correct:

(I) It is covalent compound.
(II) It has a giant molecular structure.
(III) It has the same structure as graphite.
(IV) It has the same structure as diamond.

(a) (I) and (III). (b) (II) and (III). (c) (II) and (IV).
(d) (I), (II) and (IV)

12. Structures of two different forms of Carbon are given below:

Identify the two forms (I and II respectively) and how they related to each other?
(a) Diamond, Graphite, Isotopes of Carbon
(b) Graphite, Diamond, Allotropes of Carbon
(c) C12, C14, Allotropes of Carbon
(d) C14, C12, Isotopes of Carbon
13. Several factories were pouring their wastes in rivers A and B. Water samples were collected from
these two rivers. It was observed that sample collected from river A was acidic while that of river B
was basic. The factories located near A and B are
(a) Soaps and detergents factories near A and alcohol distillery near B.
(b) Soaps and detergents factories near B and alcohol distillery near A.
(c) Lead storage battery manufacturing factories near A and soaps and detergents factories near B.
(d) Lead storage battery manufacturing factories near B and soaps and detergents factories near A.
14. The table shows the formulae of three organic compounds that belong to the same homologous
series.

What is the general formula of this series?

(a) CnH2nO. (b) CnH2n+2O. (c) CnH2nOH. (d) C2H2n+2OH
15. Which of the following compounds belong to same homologous series?

(a) S and T. (b) T and U. (c) P and U. (d) P and T

16. Write the name and structure of a saturated compound in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a
ring. Give the number of single bonds present in this compound.
17. Assertion: Vegetable oils are unsaturated, react with hydrogen in presence of nickel to form
vegetable ghee.
Reason: This reaction is saponification.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
18. Assertion (A) : Esterification is a process in which a sweet smelling substance is produced.
Reason (R): When esters react with sodium hydroxide, an alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid
are obtained.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
19. Assertion (A) : Ethanoic acid is also known as glacial acetic acid.
Reason (R) : The melting point of pure ethanoic acid is 290 K and hence it often freezes during
 winters in cold climates.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
20. A student studies that acetic acid is a saturated compound. The structure of the compound is
shown.
Why is acetic acid classified as a saturated
compound?
a) because there is a the single bond between the
carbon atoms
b) because there is a double bond between the carbon
and oxygen atoms
c) because there is a single bond between the carbon
and hydrogen atoms
d) because there is a single bond between the carbon
and hydroxide diatom

21. Which of these carbon compounds represents an alkene?

a

b.

c.

d.
22. The image represents a carbon compound

Which functional group is present in the compound?

(a) alcohol
(b) aldehyde
(c) carboxylic acid
(d) ketone
23. Which of these series can be classified as homologous series?
(a) CHCl3, C2H5OH, C3H7OH
(b) CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH
(c) CHCl3, C4H9OH, CH3COOH
(d) CH3COOH, C4H9OH, C2H5OH

24. A carbon compound contains two atoms of carbon. Which name should the carbon compound
bear?
(a) Butane
(b) Ethane
(c) Methane
(d) Propane

25. The image represents the structure of a carbon compound known as ethane.

Which option explains the naming of ethane?

(a) the presence of functional group connected with a single bond
(b) as it contains two carbon atoms and a single bond connects the carbon atoms
(c) carbon compound with a total number of eight atoms are named as ethane
(d) as it contains six hydrogen atoms and a single bond connects the carbon and
hydrogen atom.
26. The chemical reaction shows the addition of chlorine gas to hydrocarbon in the presence of
sunlight.

How does chlorine react to a

hydrocarbon compound in the presence of sunlight?
(a) it adds hydrogen into the compound
(b) it adds an oxygen atom into the compound
 (c) it substitutes hydrogen atom from the compound
(d) it breaks double and triple bonds into a single bond
27. A student conducts an activity where he took ethanoic acid and ethanol in the presence of an
acid catalyst. He noticed that the resulted product has some sweet-smelling fragrance. What is
likely to be the product?
(a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
(b) CH₃COOH + H2O
(c) C₂H₅OH + H2O
(d) COOH + H2O
28. A student studies that a soap molecule has two ends, one of which is an ionic end and the
other is the carbonic chain. Which option explains the interaction of a soap molecule with oil?
(a) ionic end of the soap interacts with the oil
(b) the closest end of the soap interacts with the oil
(c) carbonic chain end of the soap interacts with the oil
(d) ends of the soap randomly interact with the oil
29. The image represents a chemical reaction where an unsaturated hydrocarbon is converted
into a saturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst.

Which option
identifies the
action of the
catalyst?
(a) it causes a
reaction to
proceed
without the
reaction itself
being affected
(b) it causes the removal of all hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom
(c) causes to change the single bonds to double and triple bonds
(d) causes the production of oxygen during the reaction

30.

Name this compound.

31. On the basis of bonding of carbon atoms identify the physical form in which carbon exists.

32. Write the chemical equation to show what happen when methane is treated with chlorine in the
presence of sunlight ?
33.

Identify the one compound out of two which has the functional group ketone.
34. Write any one difference between saturated & unsaturated carbon compounds
35.

Name the dehydrating agent in the given reaction.

36. Assertion (A) : Carbon monoxide is extremely poisonous in nature.

Reason (R) : Carbon monoxide is formed by complete combustion of carbon.

a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
37. Assertion(A) : Carbon is the only element that can form large number of compounds.
Reason (R) : Carbon is tetravalent and shows the property of catenation.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
38. Assertion(A) : If the first member of a homologous series is methanal, its third member will be
propanal.
Reason (R) : All the members of a homologous series show similar chemical properties. (a) Both (A)
and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
39. Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of the homologous series having the
general formula CnH2n.
40. How many covalent bonds are there in a molecule of ethane, C2H6?
41. Where in the nature you can find the products of esterification reaction? Give one
example
42. Which of the following statements are correct for carbon compounds?
(i) Most carbon compounds are good conductors of electricity.
(ii) Most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity.
(iii) Force of attraction between molecules of carbon compounds is not very strong.
(iv) Force of attraction between molecules of carbon compounds is very strong.
(a) (ii) and (iv)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iii
43. The number of isomers of pentane is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d)
 44. Identify ‘A’ in the following reaction:
CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → A + CO2 + H0O
(a) CH3COONa
(b) CH2(Na)COOH
(c) NaOH
(d) NaHCO
45. Which of the following belongs to homologous series of alkynes?
C6H6, C2H6, C2H4, C3H4.
(a) C6H6
(b) C2H4
(C) C2H6
(d) C3H
46. A hydrocarbon has four carbon atoms. Give its molecular formula if it is an alkene.
(a) C4H10
(b) C4H8
(C) C4H6
(d) C4H
47. A soap molecule has a
(a) hydrophobic head and hydrophobic tail
(b) hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
(c) hydrophilic head and hydrophilic tail
(d) hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tai
48. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic
acid?
49.
50.
VSA 2 MARKS EACH
1. Suggest reason for the element carbon forms a very large number of compounds.

2. Vinegar is used to give sour taste to food. Is there any other natural product that can be used in its
place? Suggest any two.

3. Calculate the molecular mass of ethanol, if molecular mass of ethane is 30 u?

4. Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following: C3H6; C5H10; C4 H10; C6H14; C2H4.
5. Define the term functional group. Identify the functional group present in CH3OH

6. Carbon, a member of group 14, forms a large number of carbon compounds estimated to be about
three million. Why is this property not exhibited by other elements of this group? Explain.
7. List two characteristics of covalent compounds.
8. Why are detergents preferred over soaps for washing cloths in hard water? Explain.
9. Carbon does not form iconic compounds. Why?
10. Why no leather formation take place when soap is added to hard water?
11. Draw the structure of cyclopentane ,also write the number ofcovalentbonds in it.
12. Give reason for the following :
a)Acetylene burns with a sooty flame
b)Kerosene does not decolourise bromine water while cooking oils do.
13. Butter does not decolorize bromine water, whereas cooking oil does. Comment.
14. Two carbon compounds ‘X’ and ‘Y’ have the molecular formula C3H6 and
C4H10 respectively. Which one of the two is most likely to show addition reaction?
Justify your answer. Also, give a chemical equation to explain the process of addition
in this case.
15. Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
 SA 3 MARKS EACH
1. An organic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C2H6O on oxidation with dilute alkaline KMnO4
solution gives an acid ‘B’ with the same number of carbon atoms. Compound A is often used for
sterilization of skin by doctors. Identify Compound A and B. Mention the chemical equation
involved in the formation of B from A.
2. A test tube contains a brown liquid in it. The colour of the liquid remains the same when methane is
passed over it but it disappears when ethane is passed over it. Suggest the name of the liquid brown
in colour.
Give reason for this phenomenon.
3. You are given ball and stick model of six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atomsand sufficient
number of sticks. In how many ways one can join the models of six carbon atoms and fourteen
hydrogen atomsto form different molecules of C6H14.
4. (I) Draw the electron-dot structure for ethyne. (II) A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is burnt for
welding. In your opinion, why cannot we use a mixture of ethyne and air for this purpose?
5. On dropping a small piece of sodium in a test tube containing carbon compound ‘X’ with molecular
formula C2H6O, a brisk effervescence is observed and a gas ‘Y’ is produced. On bringing a burning
splinter at the mouth of the test tube the gas evolved bums with a pop sound.
(I) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
(II) Also write the chemical equation for the reaction.
(III) Write the name and structure of the product formed, when you heat ‘X’ with excess cone,
sulphuric acid.
6. 3 ml of ethanol is taken in a test tube and warmed gently in a water bath. A 5% solution of alkaline
potassium permanganate is added first drop by drop to this solution, then in excess.
(i) How is 5% solution of KMnO4 prepared?
(ii) State the role of alkaline potassium permanganate in this reaction. What happens on adding it in
excess?
(iii) Write chemical equation of this reaction.
7. What is hydrogenation? Write its industrial applications?
8. Give a test that can be used to differentiate between a butter and cooking oil.

9. Why is high temperature not favourable for alcoholic fermentation?

10. Draw the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide.
How can we confirm that the gas produced in any reaction is carbon dioxide.
Also write the reaction involved .
11. a)State the reason why carbon can neither form C4+ cations nor C4- anions, but forms covalent bonds.
b)Also state reasons to explain why covalent compounds are bad conductors of electricity
12. A compound X is formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid C2H4O2 and alcohol in the presence of a
few drops of H2SO4. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification gives
the same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction.
Give the names of (a) carboxylic acid, (b) alcohol.
Also, write the reaction.
13. Give the electron dot structure of chloro-methane. Also, write the formula and the name of
the next homologue of it.
14. What are the two properties of carbon that lead to the huge number of carbon
compounds we see around us? Explain
15.
A gas is evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium. Name the gas evolved and also write
the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.

16.
17.
18.
 CASE BASED QUESTIONS 4 MARKS
1. (a) Carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding. Explain.
(b) An organic acid ‘X’ is a liquid which often freezes during winter time in cold countries,
has the molecular formula, C2H 4 O2. On warming it with methanol in the presence of a few
drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, a compound ‘Y’ with a sweet smell is formed.
(i) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
(ii) Give chemical equation for the reaction involved.

2.

Observe the figure and answer the following questions. (a) What change would you observe in the
calcium hydroxide solution taken in tube B?
(b) Write the reaction involved in test tubes A and B respectively.
(c) If ethanol is given instead of ethanoic acid, would you expect the same change?
(d) How can a solution of lime water be prepared in the laboratory?
3. What is denatured alcohol?Why is ethanol denatured?State any two uses of ethanol?
4. How would you bring about the following conversions? Name the process and write reaction
involved.
a.ethanol to ethene
b.propanol to propanoic acid
5. Look at the given figure and answer the following questions:

(a)Identify the given diagram

(b) Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soap.

6.

a)Which is fuel is the most eco friendly fuel ?

b)The reaction that occurs during burning of fuel is called _______.
c)As per the graph which is the most harmful fuel?
d)If there is insufficient supply of oxygen, which gas will be released during combustion of fuel?
 7. Give the balanced chemical equation of the following reactions:
i. Neutralization of NaOH with ethanoic acid.
ii. Evolution of carbon dioxide by the action of ethanoic acid with NaHCO3.
iii. Oxidation of ethanol by acidified potassium dichromate.
iv. Combustion of ethanol.

8. An organic compound ‘A’ is widely used as a preservative also for coocking purposes and
has the molecular formula C2H4O2. This compound reacts with ethanol to form a sweet-
smelling compound ‘B’.
i. Identify the compound ‘A’.
ii. Write the chemical equation for its reaction with ethanol to form compound ‘B’.
iii. Name the process.

9.
10.
11.
12.
LA ( 5MARKS)
1 A colourless organic liquid X of molecular formula C2H4O2 turns blue litmus to red. Another
colourlessorganic liquid Y of molecular formula C3H6O has no action on any litmus but it is used as
a nail polishremover. A yet another colourless organic liquid Z of molecular formula C2H6O has
also no action on litmusbut it is used in tincture of iodine.
(a) Name the liquid X. To which homologous series does it belong? Give the name of another
member ofthis homologous series.
(b) Name the liquid Y. To which homologous series does it belong?
(c) Can you name an organic compound having the same molecular formula as liquid Y but which
belongsto a different homologous series?
(d) Name the liquid Z.

2 (a) State the reason why carbon can neither form C4+ cations nor C4- anions, but forms covalent
bonds.
(b) Also state reasons to explain why covalent compounds
(i) are bad conductors of electricity
(ii) have low melting and boiling points.
(c) Write the structural formula of benzene.
3 The molecule of alkene family are representated by a general formulaCnH2n. Now answer the
following.
a.What do n and 2n signify?
b.What is the name of the alkene when n=4?
c.What is the molecular formula of alkene when n=6?
d.What is the molecular formula of the alkene if there are six H atoms in it?
e.Write the molecular formula of lower and higher homologues of an alkene which contain 4 carbon
atoms.
4 (a) What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this process.
(b) What are esters? Write the activity and reaction in preparing an ester.
5 Look at the given figure and answer the following questions
a. What change would you observe in the calcium hydroxide solution taken in tube B?
b. Write the reaction involved in test tubes A and B respectively.
c. If ethanol is given instead of ethanoic acid, would you expect the same change?
d. How can a solution of lime water be prepared in the laboratory?

ANSWERS FOR MCQs

1. (c ), C3H8 belongs to the homologous series of alkanes.

2. An aldehyde functional group is present in the compound CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO.
3. NaCl (aq)

4. three carbon atom

5. a) alkenes
6. carbon dioxide

7. a) fuel that evaporates on heating

a) fuel that does not evaporates on heating
8. C) A is true but R is false.
9. A ) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
10. Due to soap with high amount of NaOH(base).
11. (c) Each atom is covalently bonded to four other atoms, which in turn, are bonded to four more
atoms. Thus X is a giant molecule and has a structure similar to that of diamond. Substance X is not a
compound as it consists of one type of atoms. Thus, X is an element. Graphite has layers of Carbon
atoms.
12. (b) Graphite, Diamond, Allotropes of Carbon
13. (c) Lead storage battery manufacturing factories near A and soaps and detergents factories near B.
14. (b)
Molecular formula of first member: C2H6O
Molecular formula of second member: C3H8O
Molecular formula of third member: C4H10O
Thus, the general formula of homologous series is CnH2n+2O
15. (d) P and T
Both are alkynes with general formula C2H2n-2
16. Name: Cyclopentane
Number of single bonds : 15
17. (c)
18. (b)
When an ester reacts with the base saponification reaction occurs.
19. (a)
Pure ethanoic acid or acetic acid freezes below room temperature into white crystals that resemble
glaciers.
20. A
21. B
22. D
 23. B
24. B
25. B
26. C
27. A
28. C
29. A
30. benzene
31. Graphite
32.
.
33. The second compound has ketone functional group.
34. Compounds of carbon, which are linked by only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called
saturated compound.
Compounds of carbon having double or triple bonds between their carbon atoms are called
unsaturated compounds
35. H2SO4 is the dehydrating agent in the given reaction.
36. (C)
37. (D)
38. (B)
39. Propene
40. There are seven covalent bonds in a molecule of ethane
41. It is found in fruits such as apples, mangoes, pineapples, strawberries etc.
42. B
43. B
44. A
45. D
46. A
47. D
48. Alcohols can be distinguished from carboxylic acid using the sodium carbonate
(Na2CO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) test
49.
50.
ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)
1 Because of catenation.
2 Tamarind ,yogurt , tomato and lemon
3 Molecular mass 36 u.

4 Saturated hydrocarbons have general formula, CnH2n+2.

Among the given compounds only C4H10 and C6H14 satisfy the above formula. Thus, these are
saturated hydrocarbons.
5 An atom or a group of atoms present in a molecule which largely determines its chemical properties,
is called functional group.
Functional group – alcohol(OH)

6 As we move down the group, the element-element bond energies decrease rapidly. For this reason
other elements of this group show little or no catenation property.
7 1.They have low melting point and boiling point.
2.They do not conduct electricity.
8 Detergents works well even with hard water because their calcium and magnesium salts are soluble
in water. They do not form scum.
9 Carbon cannot lose 4 electrons because high energy is needed to remove four electrons. It cannot
 gain 4 electrons because 6 protons cannot hold 10 electrons. So carbon cannot form ionic
compounds.
10 Hard water contains Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions while soaps contain sodium salts of fatty acids.
Thus, when soap is added to hard water, the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in hard water react with
soap and sodium salts are converted to their respective calcium and magnesium salts which are
precipitated as scum.
11

It has 15 covalent bonds.

12 a)The formula of acetylene is HC ≡ CH. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon where carbon content is
more than the hydrogen content. Hence, carbon is not completely burnt and the unburnt carbon
deposits as a soot.
b)Cooking oils (unsaturated compounds) decolourise bromine water due to formation of addition
products whereas kerosene (saturated compound) does not decolourise bromine water.
13 Unsaturated hydrocarbons decolorize bromine water. Therefore cooking oil decolorizes
bromine water whereas butter does not.
14 C3H6 will undergo an addition reaction because it has a double bond (unsaturated).
Hydrogenation of propene.
15 Most dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecules of soap are
sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. The ionic end of soap interacts
with the water while the carbon chain interacts with oil. The soap molecules, thus form
structures called micelles where one end of the molecules is towards the oil droplet while
the ionic end faces outside. This forms an emulsion in water. The soap micelle thus helps in
pulling out the dirt in water and we can wash our clothes clean.
ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)
1. Compound A is Ethanol (C2H5OH) and B is Ethanoic acid ( CH3COOH).
Equation- C2H5OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2O
2. Liquid brown in colour is Bromine.
Methane is saturated hydrocarbon and does not react with bromine.
Ethene (C2H4) being unsaturated in nature, decolourises bromine and its colour therefore disappear.
3.

4. (I) STRUCTURE OF ETHYNE

(II) In pure oxygen, ethyne undergoes complete combustion and high temperature suitable for
welding is attained. Whereas air contains less percentage/amount of oxygen which results in
incomplete combustion of ethyne and the temperature required for the welding is not attained.
Hence, we cannot use a mixture of ethyne and air for this purpose.

5. (I) X = Ethanol = CH3CH2OH

Y = Hydrogen gas = H2 ↑
 (II) When ethanol reacts with sodium it forms sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas.

(III) When ethanol is heated with excess of conc. sulphuric acid, it gets dehydrated to

6. (I) 5% solution of KMnO4 is prepared by adding 5 g of KMnO4 in 95 g of water.

(ii) Here alkaline KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent. It oxidises ethanol to ethanoic acid by donating
nascent oxygen. If excess of KMnO4 is added the purple colour will persist indicating no more
alcohol is left and there is no reaction.

7. Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst

such as nickel to produce saturated hydrocarbons. Hydrogenation is used in the production of
saturated vegetable ghee from unsaturated vegetable oils.
8. We can distinguish between butter and cooking oil by bromine water test.
Add bromine water to little cooking oil and butter taken in different test tubes. Cooking oil
decolourises bromine water showing that it is an unsaturated compound while butter
doesnotdecolourises bromine water showing that it is a saturated compound.
9. High temperature is not favourable for alcoholic fermentation because at high temperature the
enzymes like invertase and zymase present in fermentation process becomes inactive and stops
functioning as a result fermentation process will not occur.
10.

pass the gas through lime water .If lime water turns milky , then it
confirms that the gas is C02.

11. a) If carbon forms ionic bonds by gaining four electrons to attain a noble gas configuration then it
would be difficult for six protons in the nucleus to hold ten electrons.
If carbon forms ionic bonds by loss of four electrons then it would require a lot of energy to remove
these electrons from outermost shell.
b)Covalent compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity because they do not have free
electrons or ions.

12. The carboxylic acid is ethanoic acid, alcohol is ethanol.

CH3COOH + CH3CH2COOH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
13.

14. The two properties of carbon that led to the huge number of carbon compounds are:

i. Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving
rise to large molecules. This property is called catenation.
ii. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other
atoms of carbon or atoms of some other mono-valent element (Tetravalency).

15. Hydrogen gas evolved and reaction between ethanol with sodium gives sodium ethoxide is
C2H5O-Na+
 16
17
18
ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)
1.
(a) It cannot lose 4 electrons as it involves a lot of energy. Also, it cannot gain 4 electrons because
the nucleus cannot hold on to the four extra electrons added. Therefore, to complete the octet, it
shares 4 electrons with other atoms.

b) X is ethanoic acid,
Y is methyl ethanoate ,

2. (a) Calcium hydroxide solution will turn milky.

(b) 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3→ 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 (Test tube A)
Ca(OH)2 + CO2→ CaCO3 + H2O (Test tube B)
The white colour of the liquid disappears with excess CO2.
CaCO3 + H2O + CO2→ Ca(HCO2)2
(c) Ethanol (C2H5OH) does not react with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). Hence no similar reaction
takes place. (d) For preparing lime water in the laboratory, calcium oxide (quick lime) is dissolved in
water and the mixture is allowed to settle. The supernatant liquid is then decanted lime water is
obatined.
3. Ethanol when mixed with toxic substance like methanol is known as dentured alcohol.
Ethanol is denatured to make it unfit for drinking purposes so that alcohol for industrial purposes is
not misused.
Uses of ethanol:-
1. Ethanol is used to make cough syrups, tincture of iodine etc.
It is also used as a fuel as an additive to petroleum.
4. a. By the dehydration of ethanol in presence of conc.H2SO4
b. By the oxidation of propanol using an oxidizing agent such as alkaline KMno4.
5. a)Micelles
b)When a dirty cloth is put in water containing dissolved soap, then the hydrocarbon end of the soap
molecules in micelle attach to the oil or grease particles present on the surface of dirty cloth. In this
way the soap micelle entraps the oily or greasy particles by using its hydrocarbon ends. The ionic
ends of the soap molecules in the micelles, however, remain attached to water. When the dirty cloth
is agitated in soap solution, the oily and greasy particles present on its surface and entrapped by soap
micelles get dispersed in water due to which the soap water becomes dirty but the cloth gets cleaned.
The cloth is cleaned thoroughly by rinsing in clean water a number of times.
6. a)natural gas b)combustion c)wood because it produces less energy but more C02 d)CO
7. i. NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O
ii. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
iii. C2H5OH → CH3COOH iv. C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O

8. (i) A is Ethanoic acid.

(ii)B is an ester (ethyl ethanoate). Esterification reaction with reagents & products name.

(iii) Esterification reaction.

9.
10.
11.
12.
 KEY 5 MARKS
1 (a) Ethanoic acid ; Carboxylic acids ; Methanoic acid (b) Propanone ; Ketones ; (c) Propanal ;
Aldehydes (d) Ethanol ; Alcohols ; Methanol
2 (a) Ionic compounds are formed either by gaining or losing electrons from the outermost shells, but
carbon which has four electrons in its outermost shell cannot form ionic bonds because
1. If carbon forms ionic bonds by gaining four electrons to attain a noble gas configuration then it
would be difficult for six protons in the nucleus to hold ten electrons.
2. If carbon forms ionic bonds by loss of four electrons then it would require a lot of energy to
remove these electrons from outermost shell.
Due to these reasons carbon forms covalent bonds by sharing the valence electrons.
Type of bonds formed in ionic compounds are called electrovalent bonds and the type of bonds
formed in carbon compounds are called covalent bonds.
(b) (I) Covalent compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity because they do not have
free electrons or ions.
(II) Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points because the forces of attraction
between molecules of covalent compounds are very weak. On applying a small amount of heat these
molecular forces break.
(c)

3 a.n=number of carbon atoms

2n=number of hydrogen atoms
b.butene
c.C6H12
d.C3H6
e.lower homologue-C3H16
higher homologue-C5H10
4 (a)Saponification is a methodology of manufacturing soap by the hydrolysis of fats or oils with a
base like sodium hydroxide.
Reaction: CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa + C2H5OH
(b) Esters are sweet-smelling substances and are used in making perfumes.
Esters are produced by heating carboxylic acids with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. The
catalyst that can be used is concentrated sulphuric acid.
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH + Conc. H2SO4 ⟶ CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 + H2O

5 a) It will turn milky.

(b) 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 (Test tube A)

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O (Test tube B)
With excess CO2, milkiness disappears.
CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 → Ca(HCO3)2
(c) As C2H5OH and Na2CO3 do not react, a similar change is not expected.
C2H5OH + Na2CO3 → No change
(d) The lime water is prepared by dissolving calcium oxide in water and decanting the
supernatant liquid