Lecture No : 24
Petroleum Production System
Abbas Radhi Abbas
Chief Engineer
2-11-2023
01 Simple petroleum production system
02 Reservoir
03 Well
04 Well head & X mass tree
05 Wellhead chocke
06 Separators
Simple petroleum production system.
رأس البئر.3
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01 Simple petroleum production system
02 Reservoir
03 Well
04 Well head & X mass tree
05 Wellhead chock
06 Separators
Classification of Petroleum Reservoir
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Classification of Petroleum Reservoir
According to Technology
1. Conventional – reservoirs that are developed and produced by
traditional tools and techniques; rock and fluid characteristics are
favorable for production on a commercial scale
2. Unconventional – reservoirs that require innovative approaches
and emerging technologies to develop economically due to
unfavorable conditions; unconventional reservoirs are
characterized by tight formation, extra heavy oil, or location of the
reservoir at great depths, among others
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Classification of Petroleum Reservoir
According to Reservoir boundary
1. Edge-water drive
2. Bottom-water drive
Bottom-water drive Edge-water drive
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Classification of Petroleum Reservoir
According Geologic complexity
1. Single layered
2. Multilayered or stratified (communicating, partially
communicating, noncommunicating)
3. Fractured
4. Faulted (sealing, partially sealing, nonsealing)
5. Compartmental
6. Tight (poor oil and gas conductivity characteristics)
7. Highly heterogeneous (rock properties vary significantly)
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Classification of Petroleum Reservoir
According to Mode of production:
1. Primary (production by natural reservoir energy)
2. Secondary (production augmented by water flooding)
3. Tertiary (production enhanced by injecting chemical, foam, and
thermal treatment
According to fluid properties
1. Black oil
2. Volatile Oil
3. Retrograde condensate gas
4. Wet gas
5. Dry gas
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Classification of Petroleum Reservoir
According to Rock type
1. Sandstone
2. Carbonate
3. Shale, silt, clay
4. Coalbed
5. Salt dome
6. Combinations of the above
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Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
1. Solution-gas drive
2. Gas-cap drive
3. Water drive
4. Combination drive
5. Gravity-drainage drive
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1-Solution-gas drive
Oil-producing wells
Oil
A. Original Conditions
Oil-producing wells
B. 50% Depleted
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1-Solution-gas drive
Production data
800 400
Oil production rate, STB/D
400
Gas/oil ratio, SCF/STB
Gas/oil
Pressure, psia
600 300 ratio 300
Reservoir
pressure
400 200 200
Oil
production
200 100 rate 100
0 0 0
Time, years
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2-Gas-cap drive
Oil-producing well
Oil Oil
zone Gas cap zone
Cross Section
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2-Gas-cap drive
Pressure, psia Production data
1300
1200 Reservoir pressure
1100
Gas/oil ratio, scf/STB
1000
900 800
Gas/oil ratio
600
Oil production rate,
400
2 200
MSTB/D
0
Oil
1
0
Time, years
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3- water drive
Edge water Drive
Oil-producing well
Oil Zone
Water Water
Cross Section
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3- water drive
Bottom water Drive
Oil-producing well
Oil Zone
Water
Cross Section
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3- water drive
Production data
Pressure, psia
2300
2200 Reservoir pressure
Gas/oil ratio, MSCF/STB
2100
2000 2
Gas/oil ratio
1900
Water cut, %
1 40
0 30
Oil production rate,
100 20
80
Water 10
MSTB/D
60 0
Oil
40
20
0
Time, years
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4- Combination drive
Gas cap Oil-producing well
Oil zone
Water
Cross Section
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Pressure Trends
100
Water drive
80
Reservoir pressure,
Percent of original
60 Reservoir
pressure
trends
Gas-cap
40
drive
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Solution-gas drive
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
Cumulative oil produced, percent of original oil in place 20
GOR Trends
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Solution-
gas drive
4
3 Gas-cap
drive Gas/oil
ratio trends
2
1 Water drive
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cumulative oil produced, percent of original oil in place 21
01 Simple petroleum production system
02 Reservoir
03 Well
04 Well head & X mass tree
05 Wellhead chocke
06 Separators
Components of a Typical Well
Wing valve Pressure gauge
Choke Tee
Master valve
Casing valve
To production
equipment Tubing head
Casing head
Tubing
Casing
Packer
Perforations
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36”OH How to drill oil well ?
30”Condoctor
Cement
26”OH
20”casing
Cement
17.5”OH
then wireline
13 3/8”casing
Cement
Then CBL
12 1/4”OH
then wireline
8 1/2”OH
9 5/8”casing
then wireline
Cement
Then CBL 7”liner
Cement
Oil Then CBL
How Complete well to put well in production ?
‘Christmas tree’
Tubing
Casing
Packers
Perforations
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Well Calcifications
Well Classification
Trajectory Objective Environments
1.Vertical well 1. Exploration well 1.Onshore
2.deviated well 2. Appraisal well 2.Offshore
3.Horizontal well 3. Development well :
4.Multi- lateral Producer
Injector
Water source
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Well Calcifications
Well Classifications according to trajectory
Vertical Deviated Horizontal Multi- lateral
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Well Calcifications
Well Classifications according to Environments
vs
Onshore Offshore
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01 Simple petroleum production system
02 Reservoir
03 Well
04 Well head & X mass tree
05 Wellhead chocke
06 Separators
Well head & X mass tree
3 During Completion
2
During Drilling
1
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Well head & X mass tree
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01 Simple petroleum production system
02 Reservoir
03 Well
04 Well head & X mass tree
05 Wellhead chocke
06 Separators
Wellhead chocke
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Wellhead chocke
Most Common Chokes :
Positive choke : • Adjustable choke :
– Fixed orifice – Provides variable orifice size
– Disassemble to change bean through external adjustment
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01 Simple petroleum production system
02 Reservoir
03 Well
04 Well head & X mass tree
05 Wellhead chock
06 Separators
Classification of separators
Three-Phase Separator
Gas
Feed Gas
Oil
Water
Water Oil
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Classification of separators
• Two phase • Test separator
• Three phase • Production separator
2 4
Based on phase Based on shape Based on function Based on operation pressure
1 • Horizontal
3 • Low pressure separator
• Vertical • Intermediate pressure
• spherical • High pressure separator
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Classification of separators
1-Classification by phase :
Two phase Three phase
separator separator.
Two phase separator : gas is separated from the liquid with the gas and
liquid being discharged separately.
Three phase separator.
In three-phase separators, well fluid is separated into gas, oil, and water
with the three fluids being discharged separately.
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Classification of separators
2- Classification by Operating Configuration ( shape )
Horizontal Vertical
Spherical
Separators Separators
Separators
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Classification of separators
3-Classification based on function :
Test Production
separator separator.
Test separator :
A test separator is used to separate and to meter the well fluids and is
specifically used as a well tester or well checker .
Test separators can be vertical, horizontal, or spherical, and they can be
two-phase or three-phase They can be permanently installed or portable
(skid or trailer mounted) Test separators are generally equipped with
various types of meters for measuring the oil, gas, and/or water for
potential tests, periodic production tests, marginal well tests, etc..
Production Separator pressure vessel used for separating well fluids
produced from oil and gas wells into gaseous and liquid components
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Classification of separators
Test separator :
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Classification of separators
4-Classification Based on operation pressure
Intermediate
High
Low
pressure pressure pressure
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Thank You
About Authorized
Name: Abbas Radhi Abbas
Position: Chief Engineer / petroleum Engineer
Nationality: Iraq- Missan
Date of Birth: 1978
Gender: Male
Education Background:
Period Education description
1996-2001 University of Bagdad – college of Engineering – petroleum engineering department- (BSc)
Certificates of Appreciation
15 Certificates of Appreciation from difrent international companies such as (Schlumberger- waetherford , CNOOC , COSL ,
BHDC )
Work Experience : in Missan Oil Company ( MOC)
Period Work description
(2004-2006) reservoir engineer
(2006-2010 ) water injection engineer
during (2011) drilling and workover engineer
(2011 to 2023 ) petrophysics manager in Reservoir department
Language:
Arabic
Mother language:
Second
language/level: English/Fluent oral and written in English.
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