1A → 1D

Answers
Answers

Chapter 1 Exercise 1B
10
1 a x + 2 = 6, 4 b 3x = 10,
Exercise 1A 3
16 20
1 a 3 b 9 c 1 d −8 c 3x + 6 = 22, d 3x − 5 = 15,
3 3
5 7
e 5 f 2 g h − 19 x+5
3 2 e 6(x + 3) = 56, f = 23, 87
7 20 10 14 3 4
i j k − l 2 A = $8, B = $24, C = $16
3 3 3 5
b 3 14 and 28 4 8 kg
2 a a+b b a−b c d ab 5 1.3775 m2 6 49, 50, 51
a
bc 7 17, 19, 21, 23 8 4200 L
e 9 21 10 3 km
a
3 11 9 and 12 dozen 12 7.5 km/h
3 a y=5 b t=5 c y=− d x=2 3.6 km 14 30, 6
2 13
11 8
e a= f a= g y = 136 h t = 1
2 3 Exercise 1C
9
i x = 12 j y=− k x = −7 l y=2 1 a x = −1, y = −1 b x = 5, y = 21
5
4 c x = −1, y = 5 d x = 5, y = 19
4 a b −5 c 2 8 2
3 e x = −4, y = −13 f x=− ,y=−
6 5 5
5 a −1 b 18 c d 23
5 2 a x = 8, y = −2 b x = −1, y = 4
e 0 f 10 g 12 h 8 1
c x = 7, y =
14 12 7 2
i − j k
5 5 2 3 a x = 2, y = −1 b x = 2.5, y = −1
b e−d c b c m = 2, n = 3 d x = 2, y = −1
6 a − b c −b d
a c a c−a e s = 2, t = 5 f x = 10, y = 13
ab b−d bd − c 4 a No solutions b Infinitely many solutions
e f a+b g h
b+a a−c a c One solution d One solution
a2 + b2 + 2ab a + b 4 7
7 a x= = 5 a x= ,y= b p = 1, q = −1
ac + bc c 3 2
5
3ab c x = −1, y =
b x= 2
2a + b
8 a −18 b −78.2 c 16.75 d 28 Exercise 1D
3
e 34 f 1 25, 113 2 22.5, 13.5
26
ab 2 3 a $70 b $12 c $3
9 a x= b x=−
a−b−c b+1 4 a $168 b $45 c $15
 Answers 765

Answers
5 17 and 28 6 44 and 12 2 a S =a+b+c b P = xy c C = 5p
7 5 pizzas, 25 hamburgers d T = d p + cq e T = 60a + b
8 Started with 60 and 50; finished with 30 each 3 a 15 b 31.4 c 1000 d 12
7 e 314 f 720
9 134 adults, 16 children 10
10 c F I
11 26 12 420 adults, 540 children 4 a V= b a= c P=
p m rt
13 $17 000 14 120 shirts, 300 ties w−H S −P R(V − 2)
15 360 Outbacks, 300 Bush Walkers d r= e t= f r=
C Pr V
16 2800 in Mydney, 3200 in Selbourne

1E → 1 review
5 a T = 48 b b = 8 c h = 3.82 d b = 10
17 20 kg at $10, 40 kg at $11 and 40 kg at $12 6 a (4a + 3w) m b (h + 2b) m
c 3wh m2 d (4ah + 8ab + 6wb) m2
Exercise 1E
7 a i T = 2π(p + q) + 4h ii 88π + 112
1 a x<1 b x > 13 c x≥3 d x ≤ 12 A
e x ≤ −6 f x > 3 g x < −2 h x ≥ −8 b p= −q
πh
3
i x≤ 2 60
2 8 a D= b b=2 c n= d r = 4.8
3 29
2 a x<2 r
1 2D
–2 –1 0 1 2 9 a D = bc(1 − k2 ) b k = 1−
r2 √ bc
b x < −1 2 6
–2 –1 0 1 2 c k= =
3 3
c x < −1 A + c2
10 a P = 4b b A = 2bc − c2 c b =
–2 –1 0 1 2 2c
d x≥3 a2 − a ay
11 a b= b x=−
2 sb
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 p  x2 
e x<4
c r = ± 3q − p2 x2 d v = ± u2 1 − 2
y

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 Chapter 1 review
f x>1
Technology-free questions
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
3 2
1 a 1 b − c − d −27
2 3
g x < 3 12 44 1
e 12 f g h 31
13 8
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 cd − b d
2 a a−b b c +c
h x≥3 a a
cb − a 2b 1 − cd
d e f
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 c−1 c−a ad
i x> 1 2 22 7
6 3 a x< b x ≤ −148 12 c x < d x≥−
3 29 17
0 1 2 3 4 x = 2(z + 3t), −10
1 d − e2 1
3 a x>− b x<2 c x > −5 5 a d = e2 + 2 f b f = c f =
2 2 2
20 6 400π cm2
4 3x < 20, x < , 6 pages 975π
3 7 a 196π b
5 87 2
44 52 A T −P
6 a x≥ b x≤ 8 a r= b w=
21 9 πs Pr
52 52 n− p ac − b2
c x≥− d x≤ c r= d x=
3(2a − 5) 9a v2 b
9 a s = 75 b t = 8
√
Exercise 1F 10 5 2 cm
1 a 18 b 9 c 3 d −18 11 12 m and 17 m
e 3 f 81 g 5 h 20 12 m = 2 and n = 15
1 review → 2C 766 Answers

13 Mr Apollo earns $100 000, Mr Adonis earns Exercise 2B

$107 200 and Ms Aphrodite earns $96 000 1
1 a 4 b 2 c d −4 e 1 f −1
28 9 11 33 4
14 a a = ,b=− b a=− ,b=−
11 11 5 5 5 5 4
g h −2 i − j k 0
15 5 hours travelling on highways 4 4 3
2 Any line parallel 3 y
Multiple-choice questions to the one shown
1 D 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 C y= x−1
7 B 8 B 9 A 10 B 11 E 12 B y (1, 6)

Extended-response questions x
10 0
Answers

1 a C=− b F = 86 c x = −40 x
9 0 1
160 –1
d x = −62.5 e x = − f k=5
13 1 5
2uv v 4 a − b − c −2 d −8 e 0 f −1
2 a r= b m= 4 2
u+v u g 7 h 11 i −13 j 11 k 111 l 61
3 a T = 6w + 6` 2
25 5 a −2 b
b i T = 8w ii ` = , w = 12 12 5
6
L − 6x 5
c i y= ii y = 22 6 a 54 b
8 6
d x = 10, y = 5
7 a 45◦ b 45◦ c 26.57◦ d 135◦
4 a Distance Tom travelled = ut km
8 a 45◦ b 26.57◦ c 161.57◦ d 49.4◦
Distance Julie travelled = vt km
e 161.57◦ f 135◦
d √ √
b i t= h 9 a 1 b −1 c 3 d − 3
u+v
ud
ii Distance from A = km Exercise 2C
u+v
c t = 1.25 h, distance from A = 37.5 km 1 a m = 3, c = 6 b m = −6, c = 7
2uv c m = 3, c = −6 d m = −1, c = −4
5 a Average speed =
u+v
2 a y = 3x + 5 b y = −4x + 6
uT vT + uT c y = 3x − 4
b i ii
v v
3 a m = 3, c = −6 b m = 2, c = −4
3 3 2ab 40
6 a + c i c= ii 1 1 5
a b a+b 3 c m = , c = −2 d m= ,c=−
2 3 3
x y 80(x + y) 560 3 5
7 a , b = 4 a m = 2, c = −9 b m=− ,c=
8 10 10x + 8y 5x + 4y 4 2
320 310 1 5
c x= ,y= c m = − , c = −2 d m = , c = −2
9 9 3 2
8 The three lines intersect at the point (4, 3) 5 a y = 3x − 11 b y = −2x + 9
1 11 7
6 a y=− x+ b y=− x+4
3 3 5
Chapter 2 11 61
c y = −2x + 4 d y= x−
3 3
Exercise 2A 7 a 2 b y = 2x + 6


1 a (5, 8) b 12 , 12 c (1.6, 0.7) 8 a y = 2x + 4 b y = −2x + 8
d (−0.7, 0.85) 9 a y = 2x + 6 b y = −2x + 4
2 MAB (3, 3), MBC (8, 3 21 ), MAC (6, 1 12 ) c y = −5x + 15
3 C(6, 8.8) 2
10 a y = − x + 4 b y = −2x − 6
4 a (4, 4) b (2, −0.2) c (−2, 5) d (−4, −3) 3
1 + a 4 + b 3
, , a = 9, b = −6 c y = −x + 4 d y=− x+3
5
2 2 2
√ √ 2 2 2
6 a 5 11 a y = x+4 b y= x−
√ 2 ≈ 7.07 b 17 ≈ 4.12
3 3 3
c 34 ≈ 5.83 d 13 1 1
√ √ √
7 97 + √ 85 + 104 ≈ 29.27 c y = x + 1 12 d y=− x+2
2 2
8 PM = 145 ≈ 12.04 9 DN e y = x + 3.5 f y = −0.5x + 0.25
 Answers 767

Answers
12 a y = 4x + 4 b y=− x c y = −x − 2 5 a y b y
3
1 2
d y= x − 1 e y = 3 12 f x = −2 2
2
13 Yes 14 Only c x
x 0 2
15 a x = 4 b y = 11 c x = 11 d y = −1 –2 0

Exercise 2D c y d y
1 a (0, 4), (4, 0) b (0, −4), (4, 0) 1

2D
1
c (0, −6), (−6, 0) d (0, 8), (−8, 0)
x x
2 a y b y – 1 0 0 1
2 2
x x
0 6 0 8 6 a y b y
–4 –2
1
c y d y 1 x
0 x
0 1
6 10 –1

x c y d y
–8 0 x
–4 0
1
e y f y x
x –1 0
–1 0
x x –1
0 15 0 15

–5
4 – 15 7
y y
2 7 a b

3 a y b y 3
3
2 x 1
–3 0 0
x
x x 1 1
0 1 –2 0 –
3
–1 c y d y

c y
1
4 8 x
x 0 2 1
x 0 3
0 2
–2
–4
e y f y
4 a y b y

3 2 4
5 x x 6
0 0 3 x x
0 0

–10 –9
g y h y
c y d y
x
6 0 3
10 10

x x x –8
–2 0 0 5 –4 0
2E → 2G 768 Answers

8 a y b y 8 mRS = − 21 , mS T = 2 ∴ RS ⊥ S T
(0, 3) mUT = − 21 , mS T = 2 ∴ UT ⊥ S T
y=3
(Also need to show S R = UT .)
(-2, 0)
0
x
0
x ∴ RS T U is a rectangle
x = -2 16 80
9 `=− ,m=
3 3
1 11
c y d y 10 a y = − x + b B(1, 5) c C(2, 7)
Answers

2 2
x=5
Exercise 2F
(5, 0)
x x
0
y = −2
0 1 m=5
(0, −2) 2 c=5
1 1
3 a y=− x+3 b m=
m 7
9 a 45◦ b 135◦ c 45◦ d 135◦ 4 m=2
e 63.43◦ f 116.57◦ 3 9
5 a x= b m= c m≥3
10 a 71.57◦ b 135◦ c 45◦ d 161.57◦ m 5
4 14 1
11 a = −4, b = , d = −1, e = d y=− x−3
3 3 m
12 a y b y c
6 a x = − b c = −4 c c ≥ −2
2
x 1
12 0 6 d y=− x+c
x – 2
0 3 5
–3 12
2 7 a x = 4a b m = c i a = 6 ii a = −6
a
12 3 3
8 a b − c i b = −3 ii b =
c y d y b b 2
b 4b
d y= x−
3 3
2 c
x 9 a
0 14 b
x 7 5 b i b=c−7 ii c ≥ 14
0 5 – √
3 c i c = 12, b = 2 ii c = 2 2b
10b
iii c = √
b2 + 1
Exercise 2E
1 c = 9.805 . . . , 9.950 . . . , 9.999 . . .
1 a y = 2x − 10 b y=− x As b gets larger, c gets closer to 10
2
1
c y = −2x + 6 d y= x−4 Exercise 2G
2
2 14 3 1 w = 20n + 350 for n = 0, 1, 2, . . .
e y= x− f y=− x+4
3 3 2 2 a d1 = 50t b d2 = 80 − 40t
1 2 c Gradient = 50 Gradient = −40
g y=− x− h y = 3x − 14
3 3 d1 d2
2 Parallel lines: a, b, c; non-parallel lines: d 200 (4,200) 80
3 a y=4 b x=2 c y=4 d x=3 150 60
4 y = 2x + 2 100 40
50 50
5 M(−1, 6), y = 2x + 8 0 t 0 t
3 5 0 2 4 0 2
6 mBC = − , mAB = V = 5t
5 3 3 a
3 5 b V = 10 + 5t
∴ mBC × mAB = − × = −1
5 3 4 a v = 500 − 2.5t
∴ 4ABC is a right-angled triangle b Domain 0 ≤ t ≤ 200; Range 0 ≤ v ≤ 500
1
7 mAB = −2, mBC = 2
 Answers 769

Answers
c
v 12 a dA = t b d (km)
3
500 3 57
d M = 57 − t
10

0 90 t (min)
0 200 t c 10:30 a.m.
5 C = 1.5n + 2.6 d Anne 30 km, Maureen 27 km
6 a C = 0.24x + 85 b $145

2H → 2 review
7 d = 200 − 5t Chapter 2 review
8 a
w (g) Technology-free questions
51 1 a Midpoint = (3, 2); Length = 4
 1 9 √
b Midpoint = − , − ; Length = 74
2 2
 5
50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x (cm) c Midpoint = 5, ; Length = 5
2
b w = 0.2x + 50 c x = 12.5 cm 9 10
2 a b − c Undefined
9 a C = 0.06n − 1 b $59 4 11
b b
10 a C = 5n + 175 b Yes c $175 d −1 e f −
a a
3 a y = 4x b y = 4x + 5
Exercise 2H
c y = 4x + 2 d y = 4x − 5
1 Both lines have gradient −1, but their y-axis 20
13 4 a a = −2 b b =
intercepts are 6 and 3
2 5 4y + 3x = −7
2 (t, 6 − t), where t is a real number
9 6 3y + 2x = −5
3 a m=4 b m,4 c m= 7 a y = 11 b y = 6x − 10 c 3y + 2x = −3
5 √ √
4 k = 2, m = 5 8 3y − x = 3 3 − 2
5 k = 24, m = 0 9 y+x=1
6 m = −3 1 20
10 y = x +
7 a m = −5 b m=3 3 3
1
8 a b t=5 11 a = 1, b = − , d = 5, e = 3
C 2
A 12 a y
B
30 y = 2x − 8
x
20 0 (4, 0)

0 t (0, −8)

25 b y
9 b = 0.28 and a = 0.3, m/s
7 (0, 6)
3x + y = 6
10 a b 2 p.m.
d x
0 (2, 0)
dB
dA
15 y
c
5 3x + y + 6 = 0
(−2, 0)
0 t x
0
11 a CT = 2.8x, C B = 54 + x (0, −6)
b $C c More than 30
d y
54
y − 2x − 8 = 0 (0, 8)
(−4, 0)
x
0
0 30 x
2 review → 3B 770 Answers

e y 8 a Cost with method 1 is $226.75; cost with

(0, 6) method 2 is $227; so method 1 is cheaper
y = −6x + 6 b 0 1000 2000 3000
(1, 0)
0
x Method 1 100 181.25 262.50 343.75
Method 2 110 185 260 335
f y c C1 = 0.08125x + 100, C2 = 0.075x + 110
d x = 1600
(−5, 0)
x
0 (0, −2)
2x + 5y + 10 = 0
Chapter 3
Answers

13 a y = 2x + 2
Exercise 3A
2
b i − ii −2 < a < 0 1 a 2x − 8 b −2x + 8 c 6x − 12
a
 1 1  d −12 + 6x e x2 − x f 2x2 − 10x
c , +3 2 a 6x + 1 b 3x − 6 c x + 1 d 5x − 3
a−1 a−1
Multiple-choice questions 3 a 14x − 32 b 2x2 − 11x
c 32 − 16x d 6x − 11
1 D 2 E 3 A 4 E 5 C 6 D
7 B 8 E 9 C 10 E 11 C 4 a 2x2 − 11x b 3x2 − 15x
2
c −20x − 6x d 6x − 9x2 + 6x3
2
Extended-response questions e 2x − x f 6x − 6
1 a C = 550 + 190n b 12 days 5 a 6x2 − 2x − 28 b x2 − 22x + 120
c Fewer than 5 days c 36x2 −√4 2
√ d 8x − 22x + 15
2 a Cost of the plug e x2 − ( √3 + 2)x + 2 3 √
b Cost per metre of cable c 1.8 d 11 19 m f 2x2 + 5x√− 5 g√3x2 + 7x − 14
h 5x2 + (10√ 2 − 3)x√ −6 2 √
3 a The maximum profit (when x = 0)
i 5x2 − (3 5 + 32 10)x + 96 2
b 43 seats
c Profit reduces by $24 for each empty seat 6 a 6x3 − 5x2 − 14x + 12 b x3 − 1
2 3
c 24 − 20x − 8x + 6x d 3x2 + 4x + 3
4 a i C = 0.091n ii C = 1.65 + 0.058n
e −10x2 + 5x − 2
iii C = 6.13 + 0.0356n
b 7 a x2 − 8x + 16 b 4x2 − 12x + 9
C ($) 2 1
(300, 16.81) c 36 − 24x + 4x d x2 − x +
15 √ √ 4
10 (200, 13.25) e x2 − 2 5x + 5 f x2 − 4 3x + 12
5 (50, 4.55) 8 a x2 − 9 b 4x2 − 16 c 81x2 − 121
2 2
0 100 200 300 n (kWh) d 4x − 9 e 4x − 25 f x2 − 5
i For 30 kWh, C = 2.73 g 4x2 − 27 h 3x2 − 7
ii For 90 kWh, C = 6.87 9 a x2 + y2 − z2 − 2xy b 4a2 − 4ab + b2 − c2
iii For 300 kWh, C = 16.81 c 9w2 + 8uz − 16z2 − u2
c 389.61 kWh d 4a2 − 5b2 + 4ac + c2
7 10 a i x2 + 2x + 1 ii (x + 1)2
5 a y = − x + 14 23 b 20 13 km south
3 b i (x − 1)2 + 2(x − 1) + 1 ii x2
√ √ √
6 a No b 1 41
71
km to the east of H 11 a 4x2 − 3 b 21x2 − (5 7 + 2 3)x + 10
3 2
7 a C = 40x + 30 000 b $45 c 5000 c 10x − x − 28x + 15
d R = 80x d a2 − 3ab + 2b2 + bc − c2
e e a2 − 4ab + 2ac + 4b2 − 4bc + c2
$’000 f a3 + a2 b + a2 c − ab2 − b3 − b2 c
300 R = 80x
200 Exercise 3B
100 C = 40x + 30000
1 a 2(x + 2) b 4(a − 2) c 3(2 − x)
0 1000 2000 3000 x d 2(x − 5) e 6(3x + 2) f 8(3 − 2x)
f 751 g P = 40x − 30 000 2 a 2x(2x − y) b 8x(a + 4y) c 6b(a − 2)
d 2xy(3 + 7x) e x(x + 2) f 5x(x − 3)
g −4x(x + 4) h 7x(1 + 7x) i x(2 − x)
 Answers 771

Answers
3 a 6x2 y2 (x + 2) b xy(7x − 6y) Exercise 3D
c 2xy2 (4x + 3) 1 a i (0, −4) y
4 a (x2 + 1)(x + 5) b (x + 3)(y + 2) ii x = 0
c (x − 1)(x + 1)(y − 1)(y + 1) iii (−2, 0), (2, 0)
d (a + b)(x + y) e (a2 + 1)(a − 3)
x
f (2a − 5)(b − 6) g (2x + 5)(x − 1) –2 0 2
h (x + 2)2 (x − 2) i (x − a)(x + a)(x − b) (0, –4)
5 a (x − 6)(x + 6) b (x − 9)(x + 9)
i (0, 2) y

3C → 3D
c (x − a)(x + a) d (2x − 9)(2x + 9) b
e (3x − 4)(3x + 4) f (5x − y)(5x + y) ii x = 0
g 3(x − 4)(x + 4) h 2(x −√7)(x + 7) iii None
√
i 3a(x
√ − 3)(x√ +√3) √ j (a − 7)(a + 7) (0, 2)
k ( 2a −√ 5)( 2a√+ 5) x
l (x − 2 3)(x + 2 3) 0

6 a (x − 6)(x + 2) b (7 + x)(3 − x) c i (0, 3) y

c 3(x − 1)(x + 3) d −5(2x + 1) ii x =√0 √ (0, 3)
e −24x f −5(x + 7)(x + 1) iii (− 3, 0), ( 3, 0)
7 a (x − 9)(x + 2) b (y − 16)(y − 3) –√3 √3
x
c (a − 2)(a − 12) d (a + 9)2 0
e (x − 8)(x + 3) f (x − 12)(x + 10)
8 a (3x − 1)(x − 2) b (2x + 1)(3x + 2) y
d i (0, 5)
c (5x + 3)(x + 4) d (2x + 1)(x + 4)
ii x =r0
e (3x − 2)(2x − 5) f (3x + 1)(2x − 3)  (0, 5)
5 
g (3x − 2)(4x − 3) h (x − 2)(5x + 6) iii − ,0 , – √ 25 5
2 √2
i x(5x − 6)(x − 2) r 5  x
0
9 a 3(y − 6)(y + 2) b 2(x − 7)(x − 2) ,0
2
c 4(x − 3)(x − 6) d 3(x + 2)(x + 3)
e a(x + 3)(x + 4) f 3x(4 − x)2 e i (0, 4) y
10 a x(x + 2) b (2x − 3)(x + 2) ii x = 0 (0, 4)
c 2(2x + 5)(x + 2) iii (−2, 0), (2, 0)
11 a (3 − 2x)(2x − 1) b (3x − 4)(3x − 2) −2 2
c (2x + 5)(3x − 4) d (x + 7)(2x − 3) x
0
e (x + 7)(2x + 3) f (a + 2)(3a − 2)
f i (0, −9) y
Exercise 3C ii x =√0 √ − 3 3
1 a 2 or 3 b 0 or 2 c 4 or 3 d 4 or 3 iii (− 3, 0), ( 3, 0) 0
x
5
e 3 or −4 f 0 or 1 g or 6 h −4 or 4
2
2 a −0.65, 4.65 b −0.58, 2.58 c −2.58, 0.58
(0, −9)
3 a 9, −8 b 4, 2 c 11, −3 d 4, −16
e 2, −7 f −3, 8
2 a i (2, 0) y
3 1 3 2 3 3
4 a − , −1 b , c − ,− d − ,2 ii x = 2
2 2 2 3 2 2
iii (2, 0)
5 3 1 3 3 2 4
e ,3 f − ,3 g , h − ,
6 2 2 5 4 3
1 1
i j −5, 1 k 0, 3 l ,2 x
2 5 0 2
1 6 5 1 4 1 y
5 a −3, − b , c − , d ,1 b i (−3, 0)
2 5 √3 2 3 2 ii x = −3
1 7 30 iii (−3, 0)
e − , f ±
2 2 2 9
6 3 7 4 or 9 8 2, 2 83
x
9 13 10 50 11 6 cm, 2 cm –3 0
12 5 cm 13 $90, $60 14 42
3E 772 Answers

c i (−1, 0) y g i (−2, −18) y

ii x = −1 ii x = −2
0
iii (−1, 0) x iii (−5, 0), (1, 0) 1
x
–1 0
Answers

–1 –5
–10

(–2, –18)

d i (4, 0) y y
h i (4, 3)
ii x = 4 ii x = 4 (4, 3)
iii (4, 0) x iii (3, 0), (5, 0)
0 4
x
–8 0 3 5

3 a i (2, 1) y i i (−5, −2) y

ii x = 2 ii x = −5 x
iii None (0, 5) iii None (–5, –2) 0

– 29
2
(2, 1)
x
0

y j i (−2, −12) y
b i (2, −1)
ii x = 2 ii x = −2
iii (1, 0), (3, 0) iii (0, 0), (−4, 0)
3 x
–4 0
1 3
x (–2, –12)
0
(2, –1)
k i (2, 8) y
c i (1, 2) y
ii x = 1 ii x = 2√
iii (2 − √2, 0), 2 – √2 (2, 8) 2 + √2
iii None
(2 + 2, 0) x
3 0
(1, 2) –8
x
0

d i (−1, −1) y l i (1, −3) y

ii x = −1 ii x = 1
iii (−2, 0), (0, 0) iii (−2, 0), (4, 0)
–2 0 −2 4
x x
0
(0, − 8)
(–1, –1) 3 (1, −3)

e i (3, 1) y
ii x = 3 Exercise 3E
(3, 1)
iii (2, 0), (4, 0) 1 a x2 − 2x + 1 b x2 + 4x + 4
x
0 2 4 c x2 − 6x + 9 d x2 − 6x + 9
–8 e x2 + 4x + 4 f x2 − 10x + 25
1 9
g x2 − x + h x2 − 3x +
4 4
f i (−2, −4) y 2 2
2 a (x − 2) b (x − 6) c −(x − 2)2
ii x = −2  1 2
iii (−4, 0), (0, 0) d 2(x − 2)2 e −2(x − 3)2 f x −
 2
3 2  5 2
x g x− h x+
–4 0 2 2
(–2, –4)
 Answers 773

√ √ √

Answers
3 a 1 ± √2 b 2 ± √6 c 3± 7 c y = 2(x + 1)2 − 4 d y = −(x − 2)2 + 5
5 ± 17 2± 2 1 t. pt (−1, −4) t. pt (2, 5)
d e f − ,2
2 2 √ 3 y y
√ −1 ± 1 − k2
g −1 ± 1 − k h (2, 5)
√ k
3k ± 9k2 − 4
i 0 1
2 x x
4 a y = (x − 1)2 + 2 b y = (x + 2)2 − 3 –2 0
t. pt (1, 2) t. pt (−2, −3) (–1, –4)

3F
y y e y = −2(x + 3)2 + 6 f y = 3(x − 1)2 + 9
t. pt (−3, 6) t. pt (1, 9)
y y
1
3 x
0 (–3, 6)
(1, 2)
x x
0 (–2, –3) 0 12
 5 3 2 (1, 9)
c y= x− − y –12 x
2 4 0
3 5
t. pt , − 7 a 2(x + 2)2 − 5 b 3(x + 2)2 − 14
2 4 1  5k  2 2
25k + 84
x c 3 x− −
0 6 12
3
, – 45
2 Exercise 3F
 11 1 2 1 a 7 b 7 c 1
5 a y=2 x− − y
2 2 2 a −2 b 8 c 4
 1 11 
t. pt , − x 3 a y b y
2 2 0

-5
( 12 , -11
x
2) –6 –3 0
x
b y = 4(x + 1)2 + 4 c y = 3(x − 1)2 − 7 –1 0
(–3, –9)
t. pt (−1, 4) t. pt (1, −7) 1
y y c y d y

8 x 25
0
-4 x
(-1, 4) x –2 0 2
x (1, -7) –5 0 5
0
–4

1 2 9
2
6 a y = (x − 4) − 4 b y= x− −
2 4 e y f y
t. pt (4, −4) 1 9
y t. pt , −
2 4
y – 23
x x
12 –2 –1 0
0 1 2
x – 43 , –1 18 (1, –2)
0 x
(4, –4) 0 g y h y
–2 1, 9
2
– 4 – 43 , 1 18

x 1
–2 –1 0
x
– 23 0
 774 Answers

3 7
3G → 3H

4 a y b y e 2<x<3 f ≤x≤
2 2
7 5
4 g − <x<2 h −2 ≤ x ≤
x 2 2
–5 0 2 5
–10 0 x i x < −5 or x >
1 4 2
– 23 , –12 41 2 21 , –2 41 2 2
3 a x < −5 or x > 5 b − ≤y≤
y y
3 3
c d
6 6
Answers

c y < −4 or y > 4 d − ≤x≤

5 5
x 3 1 1 5 5
–3 0 1 e y≤− or y ≥ f y < − or y >
0 x 4 4 6 6
–3 –3 –1 4 a x ≥ 2 or x ≤ −4 b −3 < x < 8
(–1, –4) (–2, –1) 3
c −2 ≤ x ≤ 6 d x > 3 or x < −
2
e f (x) f f (x) 3 2
e − <x<− f −3 ≤ x ≤ −2
2 3
–1 , 61 2 3 1 3
x
2 4 g x > or x < − h ≤x≤
6 3 4 2 5
– 21 0 1 i −4 ≤ x ≤ 5
–1 1 √
1 √

1
, –1 18
x j 5 − 41 ≤ p ≤ 5 + 41
4 –3 –1 0 2 2 2
g h k y < −1 or y > 3 l x ≤ −2 or x ≥ −1
f (x) f (x) √ √
1 1 −3 − 29 −3 + 29
–2 , 5 a x≤ or x ≥
√ 2 2
2 4
x x √
–3 –2 0 –3 0 8 5 − 17 5 + 17
b <x<
–6 –24 2√ 2√
2 1 , –30 41
3 − 17 3 + 17
2 c ≤x≤
4√ 4 √
5 a y b y −3 − 41 −3 + 41
d <x<
2√ 2√
−7 − 41 −7 + 41
x e <x<
–1 0 7 4 √ 4√
4− 6 4+ 6
x f x≤ or x ≥
0 7 2 2
5
6 The square of any number is greater than or
(3, −16) 7 49
( ,– )
10 20 equal to zero.
c y 7 The negative of the square of any number is
less than or equal to zero.
x
–6 0 7 8 x2 + 2x + 7 = (x + 1)2 + 6. For all x, we have
(x + 1)2 ≥ 0 and so (x + 1)2 + 6 ≥ 6
9 −x2 − 2x − 7 = −(x + 1)2 − 6. For all x, we
1 169
have −(x + 1)2 ≤ 0 and so −(x + 1)2 − 6 ≤ −6
( ,– ) 13 1
2 4
10 a x≤− or x ≥ 0 b x < −3 or x >
3 3
Exercise 3G c x ≤ −3 or x ≥ −1

1 a −2, 4 b y Exercise 3H
√
1 a 40i ii2√10
x
-2 0 4 b 28i ii2√7
c 172
i ii2√43
d 96i ii4√6
-8
e 189
i ii3 21
c −2 ≤ x ≤ 4 d x < −2 or x > 4 √ √
√ 3− 5 1+ 5 √
2 a x ≤ −2 or x ≥ 3 b −4 < x < −3 2 a 1+ 5 b c d 1+2 2
2 2
1
c −4 ≤ x ≤ d x < 2 or x > 6
2
 Answers 775
√ √ √
√

Answers
7 ± 61 1 k ± k(k + 4) 1 ± 1 − 4k2
3 a −3 ± 13 b c ,2 5 a x= b x=
2 2 √
√2 2k
3√ 3√ 30 1 ± 1 − 4k4
d −1 ± 2 e −2 ± 2 f 1± c x=
√ 2 2 5
√ 2k2
2 3 −3 ± 6
g 1± h 1, − i
2 2 √ 5 Exercise 3I
√
−13 ± 145 2 ± 4 − 2k2 1 a 20 b −12 c 25 d 41 e 41
j k
12
√ 2k 2 a Crosses the x-axis b Does not cross

3I → 3J
2k ± 6k2 − 2k c Just touches the x-axis
l
2(1 − k) d Crosses the x-axis e Does not cross
4 a y f Does not cross
3 a Two real solutions b No real solutions
0
x
c Two real solutions d Two real solutions
1 (–5 – Ö29 ) e Two real solutions f No real solutions
–1 1
2 (–5 + Ö29 ) 4 a ∆ = 0, one rational solution
2
b ∆ = 1, two rational solutions
(–2 1 , –7 1 ) c ∆ = 17, two irrational solutions
2 4 d ∆ = 0, one rational solution
b y e ∆ = 57, two irrational solutions
f ∆ = 1, two rational solutions
√ √ √
x 5 a i − 5√ < m < 5 √ii m = ± 5
0 iii m > 5 or m < − 5
1 (3 – Ö17) –1 1 (3 + Ö17) 4 4
4 4 b i 0<m< ii m =
3 3
( 3 , –2 1 ) 4
4 8 iii m > or m < 0
3
4 4
c y c i − <m<0 ii m = 0 or m = −
5 5
(–1 1 , 3 1 ) 4
2 4 iii m < − or m > 0
5
1 (–3 – Ö13) 1 (–3 + Ö13) d i −2 < m < 1 ii m = −2 or m = 1
2 1 2 iii m > 1 or m < −2
x 6 ∆ = (2m − n)2 , a perfect square
0
4 1
d y 7 p> 8 p=−
3 2
2
x 9 a p = ±3 b p > 1 c p> d p>1
0 3
–1 – Ö5 –1 + Ö5 10 −2 < p < 8
–4 11 ∆ = −4q2 < 0 for all q , 0
(–1, –5) 12 a ∆ = 16m2 − 96m + 176 = 16(m − 3)2 + 32
b ∆ ≥ 32; therefore two solutions
e y f y
13 a ∆ = 16
2
x b ∆ > 0; therefore two solutions
0 , –2 1
3 3 14 ∆ = (m + 4)2 , a perfect square; therefore
–1 –1 1 –1
rational solutions
4
0
x
–2 15 ∆ = (m − 2n)2 , a perfect square; therefore
rational solutions
(– 5 , – 9 )
8 16 16 The graph will cross the x-axis twice
g y h y 17 The graph will cross the x-axis twice
( 52 , 49
4)

Exercise 3J
√ √ √ √
1 a (1 − 5, −1 − 5), (1 + 5, −1 + 5)
( 38 , 23
 7 49 
-1 6
2 16) x b (−3, 9), (2, 4) c (−3, 9), ,
x
0 0 4 16
d (1, 3), (2, 5)
 776 Answers

5 2
3K → 3L

2 a (2, 0), (−5, 7) b (1, −3), (4, 9) 7 a y=− x +5 b y = x2

c (1, −3), (−3, 1) d (−1,√1), (−3, −3) 16
 1 + √33 √   1 − 33 √  1 2 7
c y= x + x d y = x2 − 4x + 3
e , −3 − 33 , , −3 + 33 11 11
2 2√
 5 + √33 √   5 − 33 √  5 5 15
e y = − x2 − x + f y = x2 − 4x + 6
f , 23 + 3 33 , , 23 − 3 33 4 2 4
2 2 5 1
3 a Touch at (2, 0) b Touch at (3, 9) 8 y= (x + 1)2 + 3 9 y = − (x2 − 3x − 18)
16 2
c Touch at (−2, −4) d Touch at (−4, −8)
Answers

2 1 2
4 a x = 8, y = 16 or x = −1, y = 7 10 y = (x + 1) + 3 11 y = x − x + 75
180
16 12 y = 2x2 − 4x 13 y = x2 − 2x − 1
b x = − , y = 37 31 or x = 2, y = 30
3 14 a C b B c D d A
4 
c x = , y = 10 25 or x = −3, y = 18 1 2 1  1 1
5 15 a y = a x + +a− b − ,a −
d x = 10 32 , y = 0 or x = 1, y = 29 a a a a
c a = ±1 d −1 < a < 1
e x = 0, y = −12 or x = 32 , y = −7 21
f x = 1.14, y = 14.19 or x = −1.68, y = 31.09 16 y = −2x2 + 8x − 6
5 a −13 17 a B b D
b i y 18 a y = −2x2 − x + 5 b y = 2x2 − x − 5
5 11
19 a y = 2x2 + x − b y = 2x2 − 3x + 1
2 2
1 (–3 + Ö13) 1
2 2 20 r = − t2 + 2 12 t − 6 38
x
8
1 (–3 – Ö13) 0
2 Exercise 3L
√ √
ii m = −6 ± 32 = −6 ± 4 2 1 a A = 60x − 2x2 b A
6 a = 3 or a = −1 450
7 b=1
√ √
8 y = (2 + 2√3)x − 4 − 2√3 and 0 15 30 x
y = (2 − 2 3)x − 4 + 2 3 c Maximum area = 450 m2
√
2 A = x(10 − x); Maximum area = 25 m2
9 a x = 21 −k − k2 + 16 ,
1
√
3 a E b 0 and 1 c 0.5
y = 2 k −k − k2 + 16
√
100
or x = 12 −k + k2 + 16 ,
√

y = 12 k −k + k2 + 16
√

b x = 12 k + 1 − k2 + 2k + 9 , 0 0.5 1x
√
d 0.23 and 0.77
y = 12 k k + 1 − k2 + 2k + 9
√
4 a A = 34x − x2 b A
or x = 12 k + 1 + k2 + 2k + 9 ,
√
289
y = 21 k k + 1 + k2 + 2k + 9
√

c x = 12 −k + k2 − 4 ,
√
0 17 34 x
y = 12 −k2 + k k2 − 4 + 10 c 289 cm2
1
√

or x = 2 −k − k2 − 4 ,
√
5 a x 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
y = 12 −k2 − k k2 − 4 + 10
d 1 3.5 5 5.5 5 3.5 1
1 1
10 a c=− b c>− d
4 4
5
Exercise 3K
4
1 a = −4, c = 6 3
2 b2 1 2
2 a ∆ = b − 16a b a = c a= ,b=2
16 4 1
3 a y = 2(x + 2)(x − 6) b y = −2(x + 2)2 + 4 0
c y = −x2 + 2x − 3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 x
4 24 b i 5.5 m √
4 a=2 5 a= ,b=− √
7 7 ii 15 − 5 7 m or 15 + 5 7 m from the bat
6 a = −2, b = 1, c = 6
iii 1 m above the ground
 Answers 777

16 8

Answers
6 a=− ,b= ,c=0 e y f y
15 5
7 41 53 (0, 9)
7 a a=− ,b= ,c= 4–
3
, 0
21 600 400 12 29 √2
4 + 23 , 0
b S √ x
0 3
hundreds of x – 23 2
thousands 0
dollars 53
(4, –3)
12 y y
g h

3 review
354.71 t (days)
(0, 12) (0, 11)
c i $1 236 666 ii $59 259
x (2, 3)
0 (2, 0) x
Chapter 3 review 0

Technology-free questions 6 a y b y
 9 2  2 2
1 a x+ b (x + 9)2 c x−
2 5
–1 0
d (x + b)2 e (3x − 1)2 f (5x + 2)2 x x
–5 5 0 6
2 a −3x + 6 b −ax + a2 (3, –9)
2 2 (2, –9)
c 49a − b d x2 − x − 12
e 2x2 − 5x − 12 f x 2 − y2 c y d y
g a3 − b3 h 6x2 + 8xy + 2y2
–2 + √6
i 3a2 − 5a − 2 j 4xy (0, 4)
4 – 2√3 x
k 2u + 2v − uv l −3x2 + 15x − 12 x –2 – √6 0
(0, – 4)
0 4 + 2√3
3 a 4(x − 2) b x(3x + 8)
c 3x(8a − 1) d (2 − x)(2 + x) (4, –12) (–2, –12)
e a(u + 2v + 3w) f a2 (2b − 3a)(2b + 3a) e y f y
g (1 − 6ax)(1 + 6ax) h (x + 4)(x − 3) (2, 9)
(–2, 21)
i (x + 2)(x − 1) j (2x − 1)(x + 2)
k (3x + 2)(2x + 1) l (3x + 1)(x − 3) –2 – √7
(0, 9) –2 + √7
5
x x
m (3x − 2)(x + 1) n (3a − 2)(2a + 1) 0 –1 0 5
o (3x − 2)(2x − 1)
4 a x = 5 or x = −3 b x = 9 or x = 0 7 1
c x = 2 or x = 3 d x = −1 or x = 25 7 a x= b x=−
2 2
e x = −3 or x = −2 f x=6 y y
1 5 3 49
g x = − or x = 3 h x = − or x = –2, 1
2 6 2 4
(0, 12)
(0, 6)
12
i x=− or x = 1 x
5 0 1 6 x
7 –25 –4 0 3
5 a y b y ,
2 4
(0, 3) 5
3 3 c x= d x=5
–
√2
,0
√2
, 0 2 y
x
(0, 3) 0 y
x 5 81
0 ,
2 4 (0, 16)
y y 14 x
c d
0 2 8
x (5, –9)
–2 0 7
11 11

(2, 3) (–2, 3)
x x
0 0
 778 Answers

1 13
3 review

e x=− f x= Extended-response questions

4 12
y y 1 a y = −0.0072x(x − 50)
b y
1
–3
x 5
x 0 5
–3 0 5
–5
2 2 4
(0, –15)
– 41 , –15 18 13 1
3
Answers

12
, –12
24
0 20
g x=0 h x=0 2  
y yy 1
0 x
0 10 20 30 40 50
x xx  √
–4 0 4 ––54 00 54 25 3 
3 3 23 23 c 10.57 m and 39.43 m 25 ± m
(0, –16) (0,
(0, –25)
–16) 3
d 3.2832 m
3 e 3.736 m (correct to 3 d.p.)
8 p = 1 or p = −
10 12 − 4x 12 − 4x
9 a x < 0√or x > 1 2 a Width = cm; length = cm
√ 6 3
b −2 − 34 ≤ ≤x ≤ ≤ −2 + 34 17 2 16
b A= x − x+8
c −2 ≤ ≤x ≤≤1 3
d ≤≤ x ≤≤ 5 9 3
3 96
√2 c Length for square = ≈ 5.65 cm;
√ −9 ± 33 √ 17
10 a −3 ± 6 b c 2± 2 108
√ 2√ √ length for rectangle = ≈ 6.35 cm
−7 ± 33 −7 ± 17 −9 ± 93 17
2
d e f 3 a V = 0.72x − 1.2x b 22 hours
4 4 6 √
5 4 a 25 + x2 √
11 y = x(x − 5) b i 16 − x ii x2 − 32x + 265
3
12 y = 3(x − 5)2 + 2 c 7.5 d 10.840 e 12.615
√ √ p
13 m < −21 − 4 29 or m > −21 + 4 29 5 a i y = 64t2 + 100(t − 0.5)2
√
14 225 = 164t2 − 100t + 25
15 y = 5(x − 1)2 + 5 ii y
16 a (3, 9),√(−1, 1) (km)
 4 − 38 √ 
b , 27 − 4 38 ,
2
 4 + √38 √ 
5
, 27 + 4 38
2
 −7 − √73   −7 + √73 
c ,2 , ,2 0 t (h)
6 6
1 1 1 9
d , , (−2, 8) iii t = , 1:30 p.m.; t = , 1:07 p.m.
2 2 2 82
iv t ≈ 0.305, 1:18 p.m.; √ distance 3.123 km
17 a y = 2(x + 4)(x − 1) b y = −2(x + 1)2 + 3
25 25 ± 2 269
c y = 2x2 − 2x − 3 b i 0, ii
41 82
18 2.16 m 6 b 2x + 2y = b
√ √ √ √
19 a m = ± 8 = ±2 2 b m ≤ − 5 or m ≥ 5 c 8x2 − 4bx +√b2 − 16a2 = √ 0
 b b2 
e i x = 6 ± √14, y = 6 ∓ 14
20 a x = 0 and x = −b b − ,−
2 4 ii x = y =√ 2a √
c i (0, 0), (1 − b, 1 − b) ii b = 1 iii b , 1 (5 ± 7)a (5 ∓ 7)a
f x= ,y=
Multiple-choice questions 4 4
7 a b = −2, c = 4, h = 1
1 A 2 C 3 C 4 E 5 B b i (x, −6 + 4x − x2 ) ii (x, x − 1)
6 C 7 E 8 E 9 D 10 A iii (0, −1), (1, 0), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 3)
11 B 12 E 13 D iv y = x − 1
 Answers 779

Answers
c i d = 2x2 − 6x + 10 g y h y
ii d

x
0
5
(0, 10) –4
x
(1.5, 5.5) 0

0 x i y j y

4A
iii Min value of d = 5.5 when x = 1.5
√
8 a 45 5
1
b i y= (7x2 − 190x + 20 400) 0 0
600 x x
 190 5351  –1 1 –2
ii , – 12
14 168
c d
k y l y
A B
(–20, 45) (40, 40)
D 0 3
x
(60, 30) –3 13
1 4
y= x
2 3 –4
x
O x –1
0

C (–30, –15)
2 a y = 0, x = 0 b y = 0, x = 0
d i The distance (measured parallel to the
c y = 0, x = 0 d y = 0, x = 0
y-axis) between path and pond
473 e y = 2, x = 0 f y = −3, x = 0
ii Minimum value = when x = 35 g y = −4, x = 0 h y = 5, x = 0
24
i y = 0, x = 1 j y = 0, x = −2
k y = 3, x = −1 l y = −4, x = 3
Chapter 4 3 a y b y

Exercise 4A x = −2 (0, 1)
6 x = −2 (0, 3)
y y x 4
1 a b 0 x
0

(1, 2)
(1, 1)
x c y d y
x
0 0
x = -2
x = −1
2 (0, 1)
0 x x
0
c y d y (0, - 1 )
4

1 4 a y b y
1, 2
x x x = -1
0 0 x = -1 3
3 (0, 1)
(1, –3) (0, 0)
x x
0 0
y = -1
e y f y

c y d y

x x = -1
0 3 x = -1
2 -2 3
–3 3 x 0 x
x 0
0 y = -1 (0, -2)
(0, -2)