QUESTION BANK

SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS

UNIT I
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The process of movement of drug from its site of administration to the systemic
circulation is called…..
(a) Biotransformation (b) elimination (c) absorption (d) distribution
2. The movement of drug one compartment to the other compartment is called…….
(a) biotransformation (b)elimination (c) absorption (d)distribution
3. The movement of drug across the cell membrane is called
(a) ion transport (b) cell transport (c) drug transport(d) none
4. cell membrane is made up of
(a) minerals (b) phospholipids (c) lipoproteins (d)glycolipids
5. Passive diffusion is expressed by ……..
(a)Henderson hasselbalch equation (b)De Morgan’s law (c) Fick’s First law (d) none
6. The drug molecule diffuse from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration
is-
(a) Active diffusion (b) facilitated diffusion (c)passive diffusion(d) none
7. Pore transport is also called as……..
(a) Convective transport (b) active transport (c) mineral transport (d) none
8. Transport is involved in the absorption of low molecular weight and lower molecular size
(a) Active transport (b) carrier mediated transport
(c) pore transport (d) ion pair transport
9. Which transport system is energy depended………
(a) Pore transport (b) ion pair transport(c) active transport (d) endocytosis
10. The external route includes all the following except………
(a) Subcutaneous (b)rectal (c) sublingual (d) intravenous
11. ………………, is the area of solid surface exposed to the dissolution medium
 (a) Surface area (b) absolute surface area (c) effective surface area (d) none
12. The buccal route of medicament is placed………
(a) Under the tongue (b) cheeks & gums(c) rectum (d) all the above
13. Patient related factors include all the following except……..
(a) Age (b) disease state (c) gastric emptying (d) disintegration time
14. Higher compression force increases the……..
(a)density (b) dissolution (c) stability (d) all of the above
15. Which one is miscible vehicle cause rapid absorption?
(a) Propylene glycol (b) calcium carbonate (c) gelatin (d) di calcium phosphate
16. Essential nutrients for fetal growth transported by which process
(a) Passive diffusion (b) ion transport system (c) carrier mediated process (d) none
17. The speed at which the stomach contents empty in to the intestine
(a) Gastric emptying t1/2 (b) gastric emptying rate (c) gastric emptying time (d) none
18. Intestinal transit time for duodenum is……….
(a)6 hrs (b)2 hrs (c) 3 min (d) 5 min
19. Gut wall enzymes also called as
(a) lumenal enzymes (b) hepatic enzymes (c) bacterial enzymes (d) mucosal enzymes
20. Binding of drug protein reversibly includes the chemical bond……….
(a) Hydrophobic bonds (b) hydrogen bonds (c) Vander wall’s force (d) all

5 MARKS
1. What is drug absorption? Draw and explain the plot showing significance of rate and
extent of absorption in drug therapy?
2. Explain the structure and physiology of cell membrane?
3. Write shortly about the patient related factors affecting GI absorption of a drug?
4. Explain the binding of drugs to extravascular tissue protein or tissue binding of drugs?
5. Give a note on simple cell membrane barrier and blood brain barrier?

10 MARKS
1. Describe elaborately about the physicochemical factors affecting GI absorption of a drug?
2. What are the different physiologic barriers to distribution of drugs?
3. Describe the absorption of drug from non per oral extra vascular routes?
 UNIT II
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Clearance is expressed in ……………
(a) min/ml (b) ml/min (c) liter/ml (d) ml/liter
2. ……………………of drugs is defined as the conversion from one chemical form to another
(a)Absorption (b)biotransformation(c) distribution (d) none
3. Molecular weight …………… Dalton are excreted through urine & bile
(a) 100-200 (b) 500-600 (c) 600-700 (d) 300-500
4. Exogenous compound is otherwise known as
(a) Probiotic (b) antibiotic (c) xenobiotic (d) none
5. Non-microsomal enzymes involves following reaction except
(a) Oxidation (b) reduction(c) hydrolytic reaction (d) glucuronidation
6. The sum of individual clearance by all eliminating organ is …….
(a) Renal clearance (b) hepatic clearance (c) clearance (d) total body clearance
7. ………………% of cardiac output that goes to kidney via renal artery
(a) 25 (b) 50 (c) 75 (d) 100
8. Example for weakly basic drug
(a) Theophylline (b) heroine (c)hexo barbital (d) none
9. Drug biotransformation is a ……………
(a)Toxification (b) elimination (c) detoxification (d) calcification
10. Metabolism of drug other than liver called as…….
(a) Enterohepatic (b) exogenous (c) endogenous (d) extrahepatic
11. Aspirin is a prodrug of………..
(a) Salicylic acid (b) paracetamol (c) ampicillin (d) enaprilat
12. Phenacetin is a prodrug of………..
(a) Salicylic acid (b) paracetamol (c) ampicillin (d) enaprilat
13. The non microsomal enzymes catalyses the number of reactions except
(a) Oxidation (b) reduction (c) conjugation (d) glucuronidation
14. Non microsomal enzymes are present in soluble form in the………and attached to the
mitochondria
(a) cytoplasm (b) cell wall (c) plasma membrane (d) endoplasmic reticulum
15. The highly water soluble conjugates are excreted readily through……………
 (a) Lungs (b) liver (c) kidney (d) none
16. The phase 2 reaction are better known as the …………… detoxification reaction
a)True (b) false (c) both a& b (c) none
17. .Example for general anesthetics that are absorbed through lungs via simple diffusion
(a) halothane (b) morphine (c) codeine (d) none
18. The amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation is called
(a) simple availability (b) distribution (c) excretion (d) none
19. Two or more drugs contain the same labeled chemical substance as an active ingredient
in the same amount is called …………….. Equivalence
(a) chemical (b) pharmaceutical (c) therapeutic (d) none
20. ………………% of cardiac output that goes to kidney via renal artery
(a) 25 (b) 50 (c) 75 (d) 100

5 MARKS
1. Explain about concept of clearance?
2. Give a short note on excretion of drug?
3. Explain about plasma level-time studies?
4. Define drug metabolism, metabolic enzymes?
5. Explain about invitro drug dissolution testing models?

10 MARKS
1. Describe about excretion of drug and explain elaborately renal excretion of drugs?
2. Explain about bioavailability and measurement of bioavailability?
3. Define drug metabolism, metabolic enzymes and classify the basic metabolic pathways?
 UNIT III
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The velocity with which a reaction or a process occurs is called
a. Rate b. order c. speed d. all
2. ……………………may be defined as the hypothetical volume of body fluids into which a
drug is distributed.
a. Apparent volume of distribution b. absorption c. distribution d. none
3. Steady-state concentration is otherwise known as……..
a. maximum effective concentration
b. plateau equilibrium
c. minimum effective concentration
d. none
4. The manner in which the concentration of drug (or reactants) influences the rate of
reaction or process is called as ………….
a. speed b. order of reaction c. velocity d. none
5. In …………. model the central compartment or the compartment 1is connected parallel
to the peripheral compartment.
a. Physiological Models b. catenary model c. Mammillary Model d. none
6. A proper balance between both dose size and dose frequency is often desired to attain
…………..with minimum fluctuations and to ensure therapeutic efficacy and safety
a. minimum effective concentration b . steady state concentration
c. maximum effective concentration d. none
7. …………….model is specifically useful for assessing regional differences in drug
concentrations in tumors or necrotic tissues.
a. Distributed parameter model b. catenary model
C. Physiological Models d. Mammillary Model
8. A mixture of both first-order and zero-order kinetics is said to follow
a.mixed-order kinetics b. linear kinetics c. all d. none
9. ……………. can be defined as the one whose rate is independent on the concentration
of drug undergoing reaction
a. first order process b. Zero-order process c. pseudo order process d. none
10. Blood flow rate limited model or perfusion rate limited model is known as
 a. Physiological Models b. Mammillary Model c. catenary model d. none

11. …………..model applies only to those drug that distribute rapidly throughout the body
a. mixed Compartment open model b. two Compartment open model
c. One Compartment open model d. none
12. …………is defined as the average amount of time spent by the drug in the body before
being eliminated.
a. AUC b. MRT c. AUMC d. none
13. Abbreviation of AUMC is
a. area under the first-moment curve
b. area under the zero-moment curve
c. area under the second -moment curve
d. area under the third -moment curve
14. ………………….is the one, whose rate is directly proportional to the concentration of
drug undergoing reaction
a. pseudo -order process b. zero -order process c. first-order process d. none
15. In………………… model,the compartments are joined in series.
b. catenary model b. Mammillary Model c. Physiological Models d. none
16. When drug that distributes rapidly in the body is given in the form of a rapid
intravenous injection, it takes about one to three minutes for complete circulation and
therefore ………………………….is neglected in calculations.
a. the rate of metabolism b. the rate of distribution c. the rate of absorption d. none
17. The Non compartmental analysis, also called as………….
a. pharmacodynamics b. model-dependent method c. model-independent method
d. none
18. ……………..defined as ‘‘the hypothetical volume of blood (plasma or serum) or other
biological fluids from which the drug is totally and irreversibly removed per unit time.
a. distribution b. metabolism c. absorption d. Clearance
19. ………………is defined as the kinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion (KADME) and their relationship with the pharmacological, therapeutic or
toxicological response in man and animals.
a. Pharmacokinetics b. pharmacodynamics c. pharmacology d. toxicology
 20. In ……………… model mostly distribution phase of drug studied and elimination is not
taken in to consideration
a. Physiological Models b. Mammillary Model c. catenary model d. none

5 MARKS
1. Differentiate Zero order from first order reaction under pharmacokinetics?
2. Briefly explain non-compartment analysis?
3. Add note on volume of distribution?
4. How will you account on Elimination half-life?
5. Classify the one compartment open model and its significances?

10 MARKS
1. Deduce the equation and graph for one compartment model IV bolus administration?
2. Outline the one –compartment open model, extra vascular administration and Wagner-
Nelson method ?
3. Describe about different pharmacokinetic models?

UNIT IV
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. ……………is defined as the time period required for the concentration of drug to decrease
by one-half.
a. time interval b. time c. half-time d. none
2. The magnitude of both therapeutic and toxic responses depends upon ……..
a. dose frequency b. dose size c. dose response d. none
3. The frequency of administration of a drug in a particular dose is called as
a. Dosage regimen b. dose adjustment c. dose dependency d. none
4. After the loading dose is given, the another dose is given to maintain the steady- state
drug concentration. Such dose is known as
a. intra dermal dose B. oral dose c. rectal dose d. maintenance dose.
5. The time interval between Doses.
a. Dosing frequency b. dose size c. dose accumulation d. none
6. ……………large enough to yield the desired steady-state immediately upon ' injection prior
to starting the infusion.
a. intra dermal dose b. oral dose c. rectal dose d. i.v. loading dose
7. To maintain prolonged ……………..many drugs are given in a multiple-dosage regimen.
a. toxicity b. therapeutic activity c. pharmacology d. none
8. Organs with similar perfusion is grouped in a single compartment, like lungs, liver, brain
and kidney are grouped as
a. blood b. slowly equilibrating tissues c. rapidly equilibrating tissues d. none
9. ……………………..refers to the administration of successive dosage of drug in which a drug is
administrated frequently with constant dose interval.
a. Multiple dose administration b. single dose administration c. dosage calculation d. none
10. Total body Clearance is Otherwise called
a) renal clearance b. hepatic clearance c. total systemic clearance d. none
11. Sigma minus method is very difficult to the drug which is having
a) Short half-life b) Long half-life c) Faster elimination d)None
12 . All are belongs to the same category except
a) Skin b) Liver c) Lung d) Kidney
13. Tissue compartment consist all the following excluding
a) Muscle b) Skin c) Liver d) Adipose tissue
14. One compartment model IV Bolus administration describes
a) Absorption absent b)Absorption linear c) Absorption non-linear d)None
15. The term elimination half-life is denoted by
a) Hours b) Days c) Months d) None
16. The plasma clearance in pharmacokinetics
a) Body clearance b) Organ clearance c) Blood clearance d) None
17. The blood flow rate limited model are kinetically called as
a) Mammillary model b) Compartment model c) Physiological model d)None
18. The onset of action is concerned with
a) MEC b) MSC c) MTC d)None
19. The kinetic data Cmax coincide with
a) T50 b) T90 c) Tmax d) None
20. The tissue level concentration can be obtained in case of
a) Mammillary models b) Physiological models c) Central compartment d) None

5 MARKS
1) Define the purpose of multiple dose regimen(MDR)?
2) Explain about two compartment open model?
3) Write about I.V Bolus by two compartment model?
4) Write about I.V infusion of two compartment open model?
5) Write note on drug accumulation during multiple dosing?

10 MARKS
1) Outline about multi-compartment model?
2) Comment on two compartment open model I.V bolus administration?
3) Explain about two compartment open model intravenous infusion and extra vascular
administration?

UNIT V
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. When a drug remains above the MEC is called
a) Onset of action b) Intensity of action c) Duration of action d) None
2. The beginning of pharmacologic response is called as
a) Onset of action b) Intensity of action c) Duration of action d) None
3. ……….. represents the total integrated area under the plasma-level time profile and
expresses the total amount of drug to the systemic circulation after its administration
a) AUC b) MRT c) AUMC d) MSC
4. The kinetics of capacity limited process described by
a) Wagner Nelson method b) Sigma minus method c) Michealis Menten method d) None
5. The Michaelis menten equation curve becomes mixed order at
a) Higher concentration b) Lower concentration c) Toxic dose d) None
6. The Michaelis menten equation doses not observed by the drug like
a) Ibuprofen b) Aspirin c) Alcohol d) None
7. The term extra hepatic metabolism include all the following except
a) Liver b) Lung c) Skin d) Kidney
8. In some cases the rate causes dependent on carrier where the kinetics
a) Dose independent b) Mixed order c) Zero order d) None
9. All the drugs calls for carrier mediated except
a) Riboflavin b) Paracetamol c) Ascorbic acid d) None
10. The non- linearity usually obtained from
a) Change in drug action b) Reducing toxicity c) Change in elimination half life d) None
11. The therapeutic dose after its ADME usually obeys
a) Zero order process b) Linear kinetics c) Non-linear kinetics d) None
12. The clearance of drug is notated by
a) Dose b) Excretion c) ER d) None
13. ) Usually the ER is greatly increase due to ………..of binding sites
a) Metal b) Saturation c) Complex d) None
14. ) In case of drug metabolism co factor works for all drugs excluding
a) Phenytoin b) Alcohol c) Griseofulvin d) None
15. ) Enzyme induction observed with
a) Paracetamol b) Barbiturates c) Carbamazepene d) None
16. ) Pick up the most least excretory organ
a) Kidney b) Placenta c) Skin d) None
17. Ampicillin prodrug is
a) Aspirin b) Amoxicillin c) Pivampicillin d) None
18. Peak plasma concentration is otherwise known as
a) T max b) C max c) AUC d) MRT
19. The drug concentration between MEC and MSC represents
a) Onset of action b) Intensity of action c) Duration of action d)therapeutic range
20. The time required for the drug to start producing of pharmacologic response is called as
a) Onset of action b) Intensity of action c) Duration of action d) onset time

5 MARKS
1. Explain the importance of Michealis menten equation?
2. What are the factors which causes non-linearity?
3. Write note on drug absorption according to mixed order kinetics?
4. How will you estimate Km and Vmax?
5. Write the tests to detect nonlinearity in pharmacokinetics?

10 MARKS
1. Describe about nonlinear pharmacokinetics, its difference from linear pharmacokinetics
and detection of non-linearity in pharmacokinetics?
2. Describe Michealis menten equation ?.
3. Give an account of mixed order kinetics and causes of non linearity?