7/8

Technical and
Livelihood
Education (TLE)
Technical Drafting
Week 1

1
 Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 7
Self-Learning Module-Mechanical Drafting
Week 1
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293 section 176 states that: No copyright shall

subsist in any work of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work
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agency of office may, among other things. Impose as a condition the
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, photos, brand names,

trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek
permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

Writers : Raymond Charl E. Cosep, Mactan National High School

Editor :
Reviewers :
Illustrator : Mar Onell C. Booc, Designation
Layout Artist :
Plagiarism Detector Software : PlagiarismDetector.com
Grammarly Software : CitationMachine.com

Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent : Dr. Wilfreda D. Bongalos CESO V
Assistant Schools Div. Superintendent : Dr. Marcelita S. Dignos CESO VI
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Dr. Oliver M. Tuburan
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Mrs. Teresita A. Bandolon
Education Program Supervisor, TLE : Reynold Q. Velos

Department of Education – Regional Office 7

DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu CIty
Office Address : B. M. Dimataga Street, Poblacion, Lapu-Lapu City
Telefax : (032) 340 7887
E-mail Address : [email protected]

Property of DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu City | www.depedlapulapu.net.ph | (032) ii340-7354

 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE

For the facilitator:

Welcome to Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE Self-Learning

Module on Mechanical Drafting - (Use of Tools and Equipment)

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21 st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected
to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE Self-

Learning Module on Mechanical Drafting - (Use of Tools and Equipment)

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

iii
HOW TO USE THE MODULE

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other

activities included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through

with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,

do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!

iv
 Lesson 1 – Use of Tools and Equipment

What I Need to Know

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.

This lesson is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to

help you understand The Preparation of Construction Materials and Tools.
The scope of this module permits it’s to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course.
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
Content Standards:
A. The learners understanding of hand tools and equipment in
Technical Drafting
Performance Standards:
A. The learners shall be able to use hand tools and equipment in
Technical Drafting
Learning Competency:
1. List hand tools and equipment.
2. Identify appropriate hand tools and equipment.
3. Classify tools and equipment according to function and task.

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 What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correctly (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.

Pre-Test 1.0
Direction: Select the drafting material and tool/drawing applicable to a
specific job.

1. A drafting tool used for drawing horizontal lines

A. Compass B. Triangle C. T- square D. Scale
2. Drafting material used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing
table
A. Compass B. Divider C. Masking Tape D. Triangle
3. The main function of this tool is to reproduce the measurements of an
object to any size.
A. Compass B. Protractor C. Triangle D. Scale
4. This drafting tool is used to protect the rest of the drawing when removing
unnecessary lines.
A. Erasing Shield B. Eraser C. Masking Tape D. Sharpener
5. This drafting tool is used when drawing vertical lines.
A. Compass B. Triangle C. Triangular Scales D. Ruler

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1. Type of pencils when extreme accuracy is required A. Eraser

2. Used to clean the dirt off the drawing B. Medium
pencils
3. An instrument used for transferring measurements C. Protractor
4. Type of pencils used for general purpose in drawing D. Divider
5. Best tool when measuring arcs, angles and circles E. Hard
pencils
F. Triangle

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 Refer to Answer Key

What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the
previous one.

There are a great variety of drafting materials and tools used in

mechanical drawing. The drafting materials and tools discussed in this
Module include most of the basic ones but sufficient enough for your initial
understanding about mechanical drawing. As a student of drafting, you
need to know the different materials, tools and equipment and its uses. The
following are the different types of construction materials and the tools:

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 What Is It
This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts and skills.

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 PICTURES/ MATERIALS,DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTION
ILLUSTRATIONS

Drawing paper

Various types of drawing papers are

available for use but hard and soft surface
drawing papers are highly recommended to
be the best. This type does not groove easily
when pressure is applied to the pencil.
Oslo paper is commonly used b u t bond
paper is also recommended.

Masking tape

This is used for fastening the drawing

paper on t h e drawing table or drawing
board because it does not damage the board
and it will not damage the paper if it is
removed by pulling it off.

Pencil sharpener

Pencils should be sharpened whenever they

show sign of dullness. Various types and
designs are available in the store for use.

Eraser
This is used to clean the dirt off the drawing.
A soft eraser is advantageous in removing
smudges and pencil marks, whereas, a
harder eraser is useful for making changes
and correcting errors in the drawing.

Drawing pencil

This is one of the most important tools in

drawing. It comes in various grades. The
grade of pencil to be used depends on the
quality of paper to be used. You have to take
into consideration also the type of line work
required.

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 Triangular Scales
This is a tool generally used when reproducing
a drawing in an enlarged or reduced form to
some regular proportion. The architect’s scale
is the most commonly used for general
drawing. Its main function is to reproduce
the measurements of an object in full size,
reduced size, and enlarged size.

Erasing Shield

This tool is made up of metal with irregular

holes. It is a useful tool to protect the rest of
the drawing when clearing up smudges,
unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures.

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

Drawing instruments are used for drawing and designing purposes.

Their quality is very essential if you want to have good result. Cheaper
drawing tools and instruments do not only provide poor quality results but
also do not last long. You have to observe proper handling and care if you
want them

T-Square
It is a drawing instrument used when
making Horizontal lines. It is also used for
guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines.
It is made of wood, plastic or the combination
of both. There are three (3) types of T-
square, namely:
1. Fixed Head. The head is fastened to the
blade. It is used for ordinary work.
2. Movable Head or Adjustable Head. It has
one fixed and one adjustable head and used
only for occasional drawing.
3. Detachable Head or Removable Head. It is
designed for comfort when carrying the T-
square.

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 Triangle
It is a three-sided ruler, which
typically has two equal sides meeting at a
90 degree angle and to a third side at 45,
30, including 60 degree angles. It is
usually made of plastic and comes in
different sizes. If in use, the base of the
triangle must rest on the blade of the T-
square. Drawing a line always starts from
the point near the base going upward.
Commonly used triangles are:
A. 30 x 60 degrees
B. 45 x 45 degrees

Compass
This drawing instrument is used
when drawing arcs and circles. It is used
in a similar way to a divider. It is composed
of one with the pen leg and the needle
point leg being held together with a handle.
This drawing instrument can be used for
both pencilling and inking.

Divider
This is a drawing instrument
used when transferring measurements,
dividing lines and arcs into the desired
number of equal parts. It can easily
transfer accurate measurements by
adjusting the divider points. Constant
correct practice is necessary before doing
an actual work for a quick and easy control
when use.

Protractor
It is a semi-circular instrument
divided into 180 equal parts, each of
which is called a degree. It is used to
determine g r a d a t i o n s of the degrees
when measuring arcs, angles and
circles. High quality protractor is usually
made of plastic.

DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu City 7 TLE/TVL

 What I Have Learned

SELF-CHECK 1.0

Directions: There are twelve (12) different drafting materials and tools and
drawing instruments that can be found in the puzzle. Identify at least ten
(10) of them.

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 Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in
achieving the learning competency.

Activity Sheet

It is not enough that you learned concepts on drafting materials and

drawing instruments. Be sure that you are also able to demonstrate the
skills. Do this Activity Sheet.
Proper Manipulation of the T-square

Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task
following the given procedure.

Instrument:
 T – Square

Equipment:
 Drawing Table (Drafting Table or Drawing Board)
Procedure:

1. Place the head of the T-square against the edge of the drafting table. (Left
side of the table if you are right handed and at the right side of the table if
you are left handed).

2. Slide the working head of the T-square against the working edge of the
drawing table. The two edges should be in constant contact until the desired
position.

Note: Do not use the T-square on uneven or rough surfaces and never cut
paper along its working edge.
.

DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu City 9 TLE/TVL

 RIGHT HANDED LEFT HANDED

RIGHT HANDED LEFT HANDED

PROPER USE OF T-SQUARE

Setting up Drawing Paper on the Drawing Table

Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on.

Practice the task following the given procedure.

Materials:
 Drawing paper
 Masking tape

Instrument:
 T – Square

Equipment:
 Drawing Table

DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu City 10 TLE/TVL

Procedure:
1. Press firmly the T-square against the working edge of
the drawing table.

2. Place the drawing paper close to the working

edge of the drawing table and working head of the
T-square depending on you if you are right or left-
handed, while the paper is placed on top edge of
the T-square.

3. Fasten the upper left portion of the drawing

paper followed by the lower right portion and
finally the remaining corners.
Note: Always fasten larger backing sheet of thicker drawing
paper on the board first.

Placing drawing paper to the drawing

board Drawing a Horizontal Line

Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice
the task following the given procedure.
Materials:
 Drawing paper
 Masking tape
Instrument:
 T – Square
 Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)

DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu City 11 TLE/TVL

 Procedure:
1. Press the head of the T-square against the working edge of the
drawing table and
lean the pencil to the desired direction of the line
inclined at more or less 60
degrees with the drawing table.

2. Maintain the position of the pencil while you

glide lightly on the blade of the T-
square.
3. Draw the line from left to right rotating
occasionally to produce uniform line
weights.
(Reverse this step if you are left-handed).

Using the T-Square to draw Horizontal lines

Drawing a Vertical Line
Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on.
Practice the task following the given procedure.
Materials:
 Drawing paper
 Masking tape
Instrument:
 T – Square
 Triangles (30 deg. x 60 deg. and 45 deg. x 45 deg.)

Equipment:
 Drawing Table

DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu City 12 TLE/TVL

Procedure:
1. Use 45 degrees triangle or 30 degrees x 60 degrees to draw vertical
lines.

2. Place the triangle on top of the blade of the T-square with the
vertical edge on the left.
3. With the left hand pressing the T-square and the triangle against
the drawing board, draw the line upward, rotating the pencil
slowly between the thumb and forefinger.

See figure below.

Drawing vertical lines using triangles and T-square

Refer to the criteria

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Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.
Remember it is your learning at stake!

CRITERIA 5 POINTS 3 POINTS 1 POINT

The output is The output is The output is
Accuracy accurately done satisfactorily done under the
without any help done with some supervision of
from the teacher. guidance of the the teacher.
teacher.
Lay-out/ The output is The output is Lay-out and
Presentation properly out and satisfactorily laid presentation
satisfactorily out and done fairly even
presented. presented with with the
some guidance guidance of the
of the teacher teacher.
Speed The output is The output is The output is
done or before done after the not thoroughly
the given time. allotted time. finished even
after the given
deadline.
Neatness The output is The output is The output is
neat and clean. neat and clean. neat and clean.

Rating Scales
POINTS EARNED NUMERICAL DESCRIPTIVE

15-20 90-100 VERY GOOD

10-14 86-90 GOOD

5-9 81-85 FAIR

1-4 75-80 NEEDS

IMPROVEMENT

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 Answer Key

PRE-TEST

A.

1. C
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B

B.

1. E
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
SELF CHECK 1.

DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu City 15 TLE/TVE/TVL

 References

 Giesecke, Mitchell and Spencer, Technical Drawing; The Macmillan

Company:
 1999German M. Manaois, Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing: 1983
 Esguerra and Molino, Exploratory Drafting; Abiva Publishing: 1980
 Stirling, Norman, Introduction to Technical Drawing, Metric Edition
 http://www.images.search.yahoo.com/search/image
 https://www.slideshare.net/markleen/tle-mechanical-drafting-
learning-module
 https://www.slideshare.net/salmanranaw/k-to-12-
mechanical-drafting-learning-module-29530512
 http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/
k_to_12_mechanical_drafting_learning_module.pdf
 http://www.images.search.yahoo.com/search/image
 https://www.slideshare.net/daniholic/carpentry-lm
 https://edoc.pub/k-to-12-carpentry-learning-modules-6-pdf-
free.html
 http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/
k_to_12_carpentry_learning_modules.pdf

TLE 7/8 Exploratory - Carpentry 16 DepED-Division of Lapu-Lapu City