NCERT Solutions Class 11 Maths Chapter 9
Sequences and Series
Question 1:
Write the first five terms of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Therefore, the required terms are and .
Question 2:
Write the first five terms of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Therefore, the required terms are and .
Question 3:
Write the first five terms of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Therefore, the required terms are and .
Question 4:
Write the first five terms of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Therefore, the required terms are and .
Question 5:
Write the first five terms of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Therefore, the required terms are and .
Question 6:
Write the first five terms of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Therefore, the required terms are and .
Question 7:
Find the and term of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Substituting
Question 8:
Write the term of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Question 9:
Write the term of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Question 10:
Write the term of the sequences whose term is .
Solution:
Substituting
Question 11:
Write the first five terms of the following sequence and obtain the corresponding series:
for all .
Solution:
for all .
Hence, the first five terms of the sequence are and .
The corresponding series is
Question 12:
Write the first five terms of the following sequence and obtain the corresponding series:
for all .
Solution:
Hence, the first five terms of the sequence are and .
The corresponding series is
Question 13:
Write the first five terms of the following sequence and obtain the corresponding series:
.
Solution:
Hence, the first five terms of the sequence are and
The corresponding series is
Question 14:
The Fibonacci sequence is defined by and . Find ,
for
Solution:
Therefore,
For
For
For
For
For
EXERCISE 9.2
Question 1:
Find the sum of odd integers from 1 to 2001.
Solution:
The odd integers from 1 to 2001 are .
This sequence forms an A.P.
Here, first term,
Common difference,
Last term
Therefore,
Now,
Thus, the sum of odd numbers from 1 to 2001 is .
Question 2:
Find the sum of all-natural numbers lying between 100 and 1000, which are multiples
of 5.
Solution:
The natural numbers lying between and , which are multiples of are
Here, first term,
Common difference,
Last term
Therefore,
Now,
Thus, the sum of all-natural numbers lying between 100 and 1000, which are multiples
of 5 is .
Question 3:
In an A.P, the first term is 2 and the sum of the first five terms is one-fourth of the next
five terms. Show that term is .
Solution:
It is given that the first term of the A.P.
Let be the common difference of the A.P.
Hence, the A.P is
We know that,
Sum of the first five terms
Sum of the first ten terms
Hence,
Sum of the next five terms
According to the given condition,
Therefore,
Thus, the term of the A.P is .
Question 4:
How many terms of the A.P. are needed to give the sum ?
Solution:
It is given that are in A.P.
Let the sum of terms of the given A.P be .
Here, first term
Common difference
We know that,
Therefore,
Question 5:
In an A.P, if the term is and term is , prove that the sum of first terms
is , where .
Solution:
It is known that general term of an A.P is
Therefore,
Subtracting from , we obtain
Putting the value of in , we obtain
Therefore,
Thus, the sum of first terms of the A.P is .
Question 6:
If the sum of a certain number of terms of the A.P is . Find the last term.
Solution:
It is given that are in A.P.
Let the sum of terms of an A.P be .
Here, first term
Common difference
We know that,
Therefore,
However, cannot be equal to
Hence,
Therefore, last term
Thus, the last term of the A.P is 4.
Question 7:
Find the sum to terms of the A.P, whose term is .
Solution:
It is given that term of the A.P is .
i.e.,
It is known that general term of an A.P is
Comparing the coefficients of , we obtain and
Therefore,
Question 8:
If the sum of terms of an A.P is , where and are constants, find the
common difference.
Solution:
We know that
According to the question,
Comparing the coefficients of on both sides, we obtain
Thus, the common difference is .
Question 9:
The sums of terms of two arithmetic progressions are in the ratio . Find
the ratio of their terms.
Solution:
Let and be the first terms and common differences of two arithmetic
progressions respectively.
According to the given condition,
Substituting in , we obtain
Now,
From (2) and (3), we obtain
Thus, the ratio of their terms is .
Question 10:
If the sum of first terms of an A.P is equal to the sum of first terms, then find the
sum of first terms.
Solution:
Let and be the first term and the common difference of the A.P. respectively.
We know that
Hence,
According to the question,
Now,
Thus, the sum of the first terms of the A.P is 0.
Question11:
Sum of the first and terms of an A.P., are and respectively. Prove that
Solution:
Let and be the first term and the common difference of the given arithmetic
progression respectively.
We know that
According to the given information,
Subtracting from
Subtracting from
Equating both the values of obtained in and , we obtain
Dividing both sides by , we obtain
Hence, proved.
Question 12:
The ratio of the sum of and terms of an A.P is . Show that the ratio of
and term is .
Solution:
Let and be the first term and the common difference of the given arithmetic
progression respectively.
According to the given condition,
Putting and , we obtain
From and , we obtain
Hence, proved.
Question 13:
If the sum of terms of an A.P of and its term is , find the value of
.
Solution:
Let and be the first term and the common difference of the given arithmetic
progression respectively.
Sum of terms,
Here,
Comparing the coefficient of on both sides in , we obtain
Comparing the coefficient of on both sides in , we obtain
Therefore, from
Thus, the value of .
Question 14:
Insert five numbers between and such that resulting sequence is an A.P.
Solution:
Let and be the five numbers between 8 and 26 such that;
are in A.P.
Here,
Hence,
Therefore,
Thus, the required five numbers between 8 and 26 are and .
Question 15:
If is the A.M between and , then find the value of .
Solution:
A.M of and
According to the question,
Question 16:
Between 1 and 31, numbers have been inserted in such a way that the resulting
sequence is an A.P and the ratio of and numbers is . Find the value of
.
Solution:
Let be numbers such that are in A.P.
Here,
Therefore,
Hence,
According to the given condition,
Thus, the value of .
Question 17:
A man starts repaying a loan as first instalment of ₹ . If he increases the instalment
by ₹ every month, what amount will he repay in the instalment?
Solution:
The first installment of the load is ₹ 100.
The second installment of the load is ₹ 105 and so on.
The amount that the man repays every month becomes an A.P.
The A.P is
Here,
Thus, the amount to be paid in the instalment is ₹ 245.
Question 18:
The difference between any two consecutive interior angles of a polygon is . If the
smallest angle is , find the number of the sides of the polygon.
Solution:
The angles of the polygon will form an A.P with and .
We know that the sum of all angles of a polygon with sides is
Therefore,
EXERCISE 9.3
Question 1:
Find the and terms of the G.P.
Solution:
The given G.P is
Here, and
Therefore,
Question 2:
Find the term of a G.P whose term is 192 and the common ratio is 2.
Solution:
Let be the first term of the G.P
It is given that common ratio,
Eighth term of the G.P,
Therefore,
Hence,
Question 3:
The and terms of a G.P are and respectively. Show that .
Solution:
Let be the first term and be the common ratio of the G.P.
According to the question,
Dividing by , we obtain
Dividing by , we obtain
Equating the values of obtained in and , we obtain
Hence proved.
Question 4:
The term of a G.P is square of its second term, and the first term is . Determine
its term.
Solution:
Let be the first term and be the common ratio of the G.P.
It is known that
Therefore,
According to the question,
Hence,
Thus, the seventh term of the G.P is .
Question 5:
Which term of the following sequences:
(a) is ?
(b) is ?
(c) is ?
Solution:
(a) The given sequence is
Here, and
Let the term of the sequence be 128
Hence,
Thus, the term of the sequence be 128.
(b) The given sequence is
Here, and
Let the term of the sequence be .
Hence,
Thus, the term of the sequence is .
(c) The given sequence is
Here, and
Let the term of the sequence be .
Thus, the term of the sequence be .
Question 6:
For what values of the numbers are in G.P?
Solution:
The given numbers are
Hence,
Common ratio
Also, Common ratio
Therefore,
Thus, for , the given numbers will be in G.P.
Question 7:
Find the sum up to terms in the G.P
Solution:
The given G.P is
Here, and
It is known that
Therefore,
Question 8:
Find the sum of terms in the G.P
Solution:
The given G.P is
Here, and
It is known that
Therefore,
Question 9:
Find the sum of terms in the G.P (if ).
Solution:
The given G.P is
Here, and
It is known that
Therefore,
Question 10:
Find the sum of terms in the G.P. (if ).
Solution:
The given G.P is
Here, and
It is known that
Therefore,
Question 11:
Evaluate
Solution:
Now,
The terms of this sequence forms a G.P.
Therefore,
Hence,
Substituting this value in , we obtain
Question 12:
The sum of first three terms of a G.P is and their product is 1. Find the common
ratio and the terms.
Solution:
Let be the first three terms of the G.P.
It is given that
From , we obtain
(considering real roots)
Substituting in , we obtain
Thus, the three terms of the G.P are
Question 13:
How many terms of the G.P are needed to give the sum ?
Solution:
The given G.P is
Let terms of this G.P be required to obtain a sum as .
Here, and
Therefore,
Thus, four terms of the given G.P are required to obtain the sum of .
Question 14:
The sum of first three terms of a G.P is and sum of the next three terms is .
Determine the first term, common ratio and sum to terms of the G.P.
Solution:
Let the G.P be
According to the given question
and
Therefore,
Dividing by , we obtain
Substituting in , we obtain
Hence,
Thus, the first term, , common ratio, and sum to terms, .
Question 15:
Given a G.P with and term , determine .
Solution:
It is given that and
Let be the common ratio of the G.P.
It is known that
Therefore,
Also,
Question 16:
Find a G.P for which the sum of first two terms is and the fifth term is four times
the third term.
Solution:
Let be the first term and be the common ratio of the G.P.
According to the given conditions,
Also,
Case I: for
Case II: for
Thus, the required G.P is or
Question 17:
If the and terms of a G.P are and respectively. Prove that are
in G.P.
Solution:
Let be the first term and be the common ratio of the G.P.
According to the given statement,
Dividing by , we obtain
Dividing by , we obtain
Hence,
Thus, are in G.P, proved.
Question 18:
Find the sum to terms of the given sequence is
Solution:
The given sequence is .
Question 19:
Find the sum of the products of the corresponding terms of the sequences
and .
Solution:
The given sequences are and .
Accordingly, the required sum,
It can be seen is a G.P.
Here, and
It is known that,
Therefore,
Hence,
Putting this value in , we obtain
Thus, the required sum is .
Question 20:
Show that the products of the corresponding terms of the sequences
and form a G.P and find its common ratio.
Solution:
The given sequences are and .
We need to prove that the sequence: form a G.P.
Let us find the ratio of the sequence
Thus, the above sequence forms a G.P with common ratio .
Question 21:
Find four numbers forming a G.P in which the third term is greater than the first term
by 9, the second term is greater than the by 18.
Solution:
Let be the first term and be the common ratio of the G.P.
Hence,
According to the given condition,
Dividing by , we obtain
Substituting in , we obtain
Thus, the first four numbers of the G.P. are and
i.e., .
Question 22:
If and terms of a G.P are and respectively. Prove that
.
Solution:
Let be the first term and be the common ratio of the G.P.
According to the given condition,
Therefore,
Hence proved.
Question 23:
If the first and term of the G.P is and respectively, if is the product of
terms, prove that .
Solution:
It is given that the first term of the G.P is and the last term is .
Let the common ratio be
Hence, the G.P is and
Now, the product of terms
Here, is an A.P.
Therefore,
Substituting this value in , we obtain
Thus, proved.
Question 24:
Show that the ratio of the sum of first terms of a G.P to the sum of terms from
to term is .
Solution:
Let be the first term and be the common ratio of the G.P.
Sum of first terms,
Since, there are terms from to term
Hence, sum of the terms from to terms
It is known that
Therefore,
Now,
Thus, the required ratio
Hence proved.
Question 25:
If and are in G.P. Show that:
Solution:
If and are in G.P.
Therefore,
We need to prove that,
Since,
Using (2) and (3) and rearranging the terms
Thus, proved.
Question 26:
Insert two numbers between 3 and 81 so that the resulting sequence is G.P.
Solution:
Let and be two numbers between 3 and 81 such that the series forms
a G.P.
Let be the first term and be the common ratio of the G.P.
Therefore, and
Hence,
Thus, the required two numbers are 9 and 27.
Question 27:
Find the value of so that may be the geometric mean between and .
Solution:
It is known that G.M. of and is
By the given condition
By squaring both sides, we obtain
Thus, the value of
Question 28:
The sum of two numbers is 6 times their G.M, show that numbers are in the ratio
Solution:
Let the two numbers be and .
Then its
According to the given condition,
Also,
Adding and , we obtain
Substituting the value of in , we obtain
Hence the ratio of the numbers is
Thus, the required ratio is .
Question 29:
If and be A.M and G.M, respectively between two positive numbers, prove that
the numbers are .
Solution:
It is given that and are A.M and G.M, respectively between two positive numbers.
Let these two positive numbers be and .
Therefore,
And,
Since,
By adding and , we obtain
Substituting the value of in , we obtain
Thus, the two numbers are .
Question 30:
The number of bacteria in a certain culture doubles every hour. If there were 30 bacteria
present in the culture originally, how many bacteria will be present at the end of
hour, hour and hour?
Solution:
It is given that the number of bacteria doubles every hour.
Hence, the number of bacteria after every hour will form a G.P with and
Therefore, the number of bacteria at the end of hour will be
The number of bacteria at the end of hour will be
The number of bacteria at the end of hour will be
Question 31:
What will ₹ 500 amount to in 10 years after its deposit in a bank which pays annual
interest rate of compounded annually?
Solution:
The amount deposited in the bank is ₹ 500.
At the end of first year, amount in ₹
At the end of second year, amount in ₹
At the end of third year, amount in ₹
and so on…
Therefore, at the end of 10 years, amount in ₹
Question 32:
If A.M and G.M are roots of a quadratic equation are 8 and 5, respectively, then obtain
the quadratic equation.
Solution:
Let the roots of the quadratic equations be and .
According to the condition,
The quadratic equation is given by,
Thus, the required quadratic equation is .
EXERCISE 9.4
Question 1:
Find the sum to terms of the series
Solution:
The given series is
Hence,
Therefore,
Question 2:
Find the sum to terms of the series
Solution:
The given series is
Hence,
Therefore,
Question 3:
Find the sum to terms of the series
Solution:
The given series is
Hence,
Therefore,
Question 4:
Find the sum to terms of the series
Solution:
The given series is
Hence,
Therefore,
Adding the above terms column wise, we obtain
Thus,
Question 5:
Find the sum to terms of the series
Solution:
The given series is
Hence,
Therefore,
Since, 16th term is
Then,
Thus,
Question 6:
Find the sum to terms of the series
Solution:
The given series is
Hence,
Therefore,
Question 7:
Find the sum to terms of the series
Solution:
The given series is
Hence,
Therefore,
Question 8:
Find the sum to terms of the series whose term is given by
Solution:
The given term is
Hence,
Therefore,
Question 9:
Find the sum to terms of the series whose term is given by .
Solution:
The given term is
Hence,
Consider
The above series is a G.P with both the first term and common ratio
equal to 2.
From and , we obtain
Question 10:
Find the sum to terms of the series whose term is given by .
Solution:
The given term is
Hence,
Therefore,
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE
Question 1:
Show that the sum of and terms of an A.P is equal to twice the
term.
Solution:
Let and be the first term and common difference of the A.P respectively.
It is known that the term of an A.P. is given by
Therefore,
Hence,
Thus, the sum of and terms of an A.P is equal to twice the term.
Question 2:
Let the sum of three numbers in A.P is 24 and their product is 440. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the three numbers in A.P be and .
According to the given information,
And
Therefore,
when , the numbers are and
when , the numbers are 11, 8 and 5.
Thus, the three numbers are 5,8 and 11.
Question 3:
Let the sum of terms of an A.P be respectively. Show that
.
Solution:
Let and be the first term and common difference of the A.P respectively.
Therefore,
By subtracting and , we obtain
Hence, proved.
Question 4:
Find the sum of all numbers between 200 and 400 which are divisible by 7.
Solution:
The numbers lying between 200 and 400 which are divisible by 7 are
Here, and
Therefore,
Hence,
Thus, the required sum is .
Question 5:
Find the sum of all integers from 1 and 100 that are divisible by 2 or 5.
Solution:
The integers from 1 and 100 that are divisible by 2 are
This forms an A.P with both the first term and common difference equal to 2.
Therefore,
Therefore,
The integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 5 are
This forms an A.P with both the first term and common difference equal to 5.
Therefore,
Therefore,
The integers, which are divisible by both 2 and 5 are
This forms an A.P with both the first term and common difference equal to 10.
Therefore,
Hence,
Therefore, required sum
Thus, the sum of all integers from 1 and 100 that are divisible by 2 or 5 is 3050.
Question 6:
Find the sum of all two-digit numbers which when divided by 4, yields 1 as remainder.
Solution:
The two-digit numbers which when divided by 4, yields 1 as remainder are
.
This forms an A.P with first term 13 and common difference 4.
Let be the number of terms of the A.P.
It is known that the term of an A.P. is given by
Therefore,
Sum of terms of an A.P,
Therefore,
Thus, the required sum is .
Question 7:
If is a fraction satisfying for all , such that
and , find the value of .
Solution:
for all and
Taking in , we obtain
Similarly,
Also,
Therefore, i.e., 3,9,27 forms a G.P. with both the first term and
common ratio equal to 3.
It is known that
It is given that
Therefore,
Thus, the value of .
Question 8:
The sum of some terms of G.P is 315 whose first term and common ratio are 5 and 2
respectively. Find the last term and the number of terms.
Solution:
Let the sum of terms of the G.P be 315.
It is known that
It is given that and common ratio
Hence,
Therefore, last term of the G.P. is 6th term
Thus, the last term of the G.P is 160.
Question 9:
The first term of a G.P is 1. The sum of the third term and fifth term is 90. Find the
common ratio of G.P.
Solution:
Let and be the first term and common ratio of the G.P respectively.
Hence,
Therefore,
Thus, the common ratio of the G.P is .
Question 10:
The sum of three numbers in G.P is . If we subtract from these numbers in
that order, we obtain an A.P. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the three numbers in G.P. be and .
From the given condition,
Now, forms an A.P.
Therefore,
From and , we get
Case I:
Substituting in , we obtain
Hence, the three numbers are in G.P are 8, 16 and 32.
Case II:
Substituting in , we obtain
Hence, the three numbers are in G.P are 32, 16 and 8.
Thus, the three required numbers are 8, 16 and 32.
Question 11:
A G.P consists of an even number of terms. If the sum of all terms is 5 times the sum
of terms occupying odd places, then find its common ratio.
Solution:
Let the G.P be .
According to the question,
Let the G.P be
Thus, the common ratio of the G.P is 4.
Question 12:
The sum of first four terms of an A.P is 56. The sum of the last four terms is 112. If its
first term is 11, then find the number of terms.
Solution:
Let the A.P be
It is given that,
Sum of the first four terms
Sum of last four terms
Thus, the number of terms of the A.P is 11.
Question 13:
If then show that and are in G.P.
Solution:
It is given that
Therefore,
Also,
From and , we obtain
Thus, and are in G.P.
Question 14:
Let be the sum, the product and the sum of reciprocals of terms in a G.P.
Prove that .
Solution:
Let the G.P be
According to the given information
Sum of the terms
Product of the terms
Sum of reciprocals of terms
Therefore,
Hence, proved
Question 15:
The and terms of an A.P are respectively. Show that
.
Solution:
Let and be the first term and common difference of the A.P respectively.
The term of an A.P is given by,
Subtracting (2) from (1), we obtain
Subtracting (3) from (2), we obtain
From (4) and (5), we obtain
Hence, proved.
Question 16:
If are in A.P, prove that are in A.P.
Solution:
It is given that are in A.P.
Therefore,
Thus, are in A.P. proved.
Question 17:
If are in G.P, prove that are in G.P.
Solution:
It is given that are in G.P.
Therefore,
We need to prove are in G.P. i.e.,
Consider
Hence,
Thus, are in G.P.
Question 18:
If and are the roots of and are the roots of where
form a G.P. Prove that
Solution:
It is given that and are the roots of
Therefore,
Also, and are the roots of
It is given that form a G.P.
Let
Form and , we obtain
On dividing by , we obtain
Case I: when
Therefore,
Case II: when
Therefore,
Thus, proved
Question 19:
The ratio of the A.M and G.M of two positive numbers and , is . Show that
Solution:
Let the two numbers be and .
According to the given condition,
Using this in the identity , we obtain
Adding (1) and (2), we obtain
Substituting the value of in , we obtain
Therefore,
Thus, .
Question 20:
If are in A.P; are in G.P and are in A.P. Prove that are in G.P.
Solution:
It is given that are in A.P
It is given that are in G.P
Also, are in A.P.
Therefore,
Thus, are in G.P.
Question 21:
Find the sum of the following series up to terms:
(i)
(ii)
Solution:
(i)
Let
(ii)
Question 22:
Find the term of the series .
Solution:
The given series is
Therefore,
Thus, the 20th term of the series is 1680.
Question 23:
Find the sum of the first nn terms of the series: 3+7+13+21+31+…
Solution:
Therefore
Question 24:
Solution:
From the given information,
Hence,
Also,
Thus, from (1) and (2), we obtain
Question 25:
Solution:
Question 26:
Solution:
Question 27:
Solution:
Question 28:
Solution:
Question 29:
A person writes a letter to four of his friends. He asks each one of them to
copy the letter and mail to four different persons with instruction that they
move the chain similarly. Assuming that the chain is not broken and that it
costs 50 paise to mail one letter, find the amount spent on the postage
when 8th set of letter is mailed.
Solution:
Question 30:
A man deposited ₹10000 in a bank at the rate of 5% simple interest annually.
Find the amount in the 15th year since he deposited the amount and also
calculate the total amount after 20 years.
Solution:
Question 31:
A manufacturer reckons that the value of a machine, which costs
him ₹15625, will depreciate each year by 20%. Find the estimated value at
the end of 5 years.
Solution:
Question 32:
150 workers were engaged to finish a job in a certain number of
days. 4 workers dropped out on second day, 4 more workers dropped out on
third day and so on. It took 8 more days to finish the work. Find the number
of days in which the work was completed.
Solution:
Therefore
