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CH - Understanding Marginalisation

Class 8 civics ch-understanding Marginalisation

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SRAGVI SHARMA
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143 views10 pages

CH - Understanding Marginalisation

Class 8 civics ch-understanding Marginalisation

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SRAGVI SHARMA
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ye WY What Does it Mean to be Socially Marginalised? pe ype (Tobe marginalised isfto be forced to occupy the sides or fringes and thus not be at the Centre of things) This 1s something that some of you have probably experienced in the classroom or playground. If you are not like most people in your class, that is, if your taste in music or films is different, if your accent marks you out from others, if you are less chatty than others in your class, if you don’t play the same sport that many of your classmates like, if you dress differently, the chances are that you will not be considered to be ‘in’ by your peers. So, often, you end up feeling that you are.‘not with it’ — as if what you say, feel and think and how you act are not quite right or acceptable to others. As in the classroom, (in the social environ tae, groups of people or communities may have the experience of being excluded, Their marginatisation can be because they speak a different language, follow differgnt customs or belong to a different religious group trom the maj munity, jay also feel marginali poor, considered to be of Tow’ social status and viewed as being less human than others.) Rometimes, marginalised groups exe viewed with hostility and fear. This sense of difference and exclusion leads to communities not havipg access to resources and opportunities and in their inability to assert their rant tThey experience a sense of disadvantage and powerlessness is-a-vis more powerful and dominant,sectjons of society who own land, are wealthy, 6: tter fed-and political J. Thus, marginalisation Is seldo experienced in one spher€Xtconomic, social, cultural_and political factors work together to make certain groups in society feel marginalised.) In this chapter, you will read about two communities that are considered to be socially marginalised in India today. Scanned with CamScanner yowisst vend about howe Dadu was forced he Ju’: ve his, village Explain at least three different Movies: Dacl’s ston similar 0 the lives of millions of teasons why groups ma ivasis in India, You will read: more marginalised. Ml about the mt jnalisation of this community in this chapter, Why was Dadu forced to leave his village in Orissa? oe \fho are Adivasis? co Sinai = the term literally means ‘original inhabitants’ close association with forests) Around & per cent of opulation is Adivasi) and many of India's most important mining and industrial centres are located in Adivasi areas — Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bokaro and Bhilaly. among, others. (adffasis_are_not_a_homogenco there are over 500 different Adivasi groups in livasis are particularly numerous in_states Ti Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya,Pradesh, Orissa, Bengal and in the north-eastern states of Arunachal Pradesh_Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. A state like Orissa is home to mfore than 60 different tribal groups. Adivasi societies are also "nay distinctive because there is often very little hierafehe among them. This makes them radically different from. communities organised around principles of jati-rarma OA) A832 ay) (cjste) or those that were ruled by kings. Baier phe bv wy % Adivasis practise a range of tribal religions that are different 1 Your own city or village, wito from Islam, induisen, and Christianity. These offen invoWe would you think are the marginalised groups? Discuss. denon associated with and residing in various si be Can you name some Adivasi ~ ‘mountain-spiits, ‘riverspinits' ‘animal-spirts, e®(The. communities that live in your . 7 state? illaye spirits are often worshipped at specific sacred groves © within the village) boundary while the angegiral ones are What languages do they usually worshipped at home. Additional {divasis have $P¢@K? ways been influenced by different surrounding religions Do they live close to the like Shakta, Buddhist, Vaishnav, Bhakti and Christianity) forest? Simultaneously, Adivasi religions themselves have 9 they migrate to other influenced dominant religions of the empires aroui regions looking for work? EIS Chanter 7: Undorstanding Marginaksation Scanned with CamScanner - ON toy esample the Jagannath cull of Cis al Sha ay i sin Bengal and! Sevan During the Tnnetvenih century, subsahfial nunbers of Adiyys. converted to Christianity, which hay emerged ay important religion in modern Adivasi history, @Dadivasis have their awn languages (most of thea radicaly Uifferent from and possibly as old as Sanskrit), whieh Lhe formation of vainstveat fadan i. Santhall has the largest number of yblications including Pantie traititie a alten deeply influence i Speakers and Th nAMAKes, Hike Henyy significant be imagavines on the internet or in and Stereotyping Adivas ‘The above two images of tribal conmminities in OD ‘Their traditional castumes iS . he ronmasneenmae a oY [Tne Tidia we usually ‘showease’ Adivasi communities jn ‘eoresented, Ths then ads us to think of them particular ways, “Pramdveag sehootfunettonsomother 2 beng ‘note’ and achward . | Adivasis invariably portrayed in very stereotypical ways — in colourful costumes, headgear and through their dancing? Besides this, we seem 10 know very litde about the realities of their lives. This often wroniplvpleads to people that they are GONE, “primitive and backward) Often Adivasis are Blamed for their lack of advancement as they are believed t© be ressrant 10 change or new ideas, You will remember that you fread in Class VI book how stereotyping particular communities can lead to people discriminating against such groups, Adivasis and Development ¢ As you have already read in your history textbook, forests were absolutely erucial to the development of all empires and settled civilisations in India. Metal ores like iron and copper, and gold and silver, coal and diamonds, invaluable timber, most medicinal herbs and anima Jac, honey) and animals themselves (cleph of imperial armies), all came from the forests, In addition, the continuation of life depended heavily on forests, that help recharye many of India’s rivers and, as is becoming clearer now, crucial to the availability andl quality of out “products (wax, ts, the mainstay Social and Polttical Lite == Scanned with CamScanner rar Ly we meateaieae and water. Forests covered the mijgnpart of ourenunat tant he nineteenth century and the prese c well as controlover most of thew ota i at least oll the middle of the nineteenth century. ee a wep 06. Usha shan athe Aditya sis wo } Arermnnslned So hoe. 1B nat lr Cpen series meta mportant nedag India? Why edo they come fr divas pe un Fe meant that Tgyere not ruled by lage sates and therer pires. Instead, (én empires heavily depended on list five products that you ws \divasis for the crucial access to Torest resources ft home Hal come from This s radically contrary to our image of Adivasis By ReWPREE RES Fale comewhat marginal and powerless communities inoue demands being made on forest colonial world, they were traditionally ranged hunter- land? jerers and nomads and Tved Tye shifting nd, Whvmibeh tor: constriction a iho caleivanne im Although these remain, for” howes and eulery ist 200 yearq Siwasis Task. been increasingly Forced — forest tant ter minim though economie changes, forest policies and political» forest tad cr fue apphed by the State and private industry — to migrate hon-erdba pou ves as workers in plantations) at construction sites, iN. geserye wy ent 2s dustries and as domestic workers. For the first time in wildi sony they do nor conteol or have much direct 2€€55 £4 ys ye ual si, alexe the orest territories. From the 1830s onwards, Adivasis from Jharkhand and adjoining areas moved in very large numbers to various slantations in India and the world - Mauritius, the Caribbean and even Australia. India's tea industry became possible with their labour in Assam. Today, there ‘are 70 lakh Adivasis in Assam alone. The story of this migration is full of extreme hardship, torture, heartbreak and death, For example, in the nineteenth century alone five lakh Adivasis had perished in these migrations, The song below captures the hopes of the migrants and the reality they faced in Assam. Come Mini, let's go to Assam Our country has so much suffering The country of Assam, oh Mini Hos tea gardens full of greenery. The Sardar says work, work } The Babu says catch and bring. them in The Saheb says I'll take off the skin af your back at Hey Jaduram, you deceived us by sending us to Assom . se. } Source: as, S Jnr Movement Etc and Gta of Slence is tr tribal people? What do you think this poem Ying to convey? =}) Chapter 7: Understanding Marginalisation — Scanned with CamScanner ‘This is photo oF Nip I ocate in Kalahanddtrict of issn. Ths eon it intabited by longa Kons, an Aras ‘commity Nam the acre! muti of ths eremurnty A major anni comany iS Blannng to set up a mine and» vofnery Here ‘which wil displace this Adivasi community. They have strongly resisted this proposed evelopment and have been jon by fevironmontaists as wel ® case npainst the {company is alsa pending inthe Supreme Court @ Forest lands have been cleared for timber and to get land Adivasis use around 10,000 plant species - approximately 8,000 species are used for medicinal purposes; 325 are used as pesticides; 425 a5 gums, resins and dyes; 550 as fibres; 3,500 are edible. This entire knowledge system gets wiped out when Adivasis lose thelr rights over forest lands. wees Social and Political Life TESTE and Tndhustey) Adivasis have also lived in Saas that are rich in minerals and other natural resources, ‘These are taken over for mining ang orber Jana rojeets. Powerful forces have often colldded to take-over tribal land, Much of the time, the land 1s taken away forcefully and pregsdlures are not followed. According to official figures, FE tan 50 per cent of persons displaced due to mines and mining projectsyre fribals, Another recent survey report by organisations working among Adivasis shows that 79 per cent of the persons displaced from the states of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand are tribals. Huge tracts of their lands have also gone under the waters of hundreds of dams that have been built in independent India. In the North east, their lands remain highly militarised and war-torn. India has 54 national parks and 372 wildlife sanctuaries covering 1,09,652 sq km. These are areas where tribals originally lived but were evicted from, When they continue to stay in these forests, they are rermed encroachers. Losing their lands and access to the forest means that tribals rrr Jose their main sources of livelihood and food. Having ee man sources of tivelihood and food. gradually lost access to their traditional homelands, manv Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of work where they are employed for very low wages)in local industries or at building or construction sitgs(They, dems, get caught a Ses, Bet cage Scanned with CamScanner ty dbed overty and deprivation) 4§ percent of tribal - and 35 per cent in urban areas live ia oi op "4 me the poverty Tine. This leads to deprivation in other 60" Many tribal children ate malnourished, Literacy rates 7 cy Fates ee tribals are also very low. ne . junen Adivasis are displaced from their hy more than a source of income. (fies: “aons and customs — a way of living Medston

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