PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OFDM-IM

OVER THE GENERALISED FADING.

Group - 10

Supervisor - Presented by -
Dr. Anand Agrawal Sir Priyanshu Gautam ( 2020KUEC2054 )
Vikram Dongare ( 2020KUEC2060 )
Mohd Junaid ( 2020KUEC2038 )

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Outline:-
❏ INTRODUCTION
❑ OFDM-IM
❑ FADING
❏ LITERATURE SURVEY
❏ PROBLEM STATEMENT
❏ RESULT
❑ TIMELINE
❏ CONCLUSION
❏ REFERENCES

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 ❑ INTRODUCTION
• We have earlier discussed the OFDM system, its applications and its BER
analysis.

• We also saw that we can use OFDM-IM to improve the efficiency of the
system as compared to OFDM.

• Here we will discuss the performance analysis of the OFDM-IM system over
different modulation techniques and different activation ratios.

• We will also discuss the effect of different types of fading in wireless communication
channel.

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 ➢ OFDM-IM

● OFDM-IM is a variant of OFDM that uses the indices of subcarriers to transmit additional
information.

● The index of a subcarrier represents the position of the subcarrier in the frequency domain.

● To transmit data using OFDM-IM, the indices of the subcarriers are first determined based on
the data to be transmitted.

● OFDM-IM system achieves better error performance than the classical OFDM.

● OFDM-IM can provide higher spectral efficiency and data rates than OFDM.

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❑ OFDM-IM Block diagram:

Fig.1. OFDM-IM proposed transmitter block diagram [2] 5

Fig. 2. OFDM-IM proposed receiver block diagram [2]
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 ❑Fading in Wireless Communication
• Fading refers to the fluctuation or attenuation of the received signal strength in wireless
communication, which can cause errors and degrade the quality of the communication
link.
• Fading causes signal strength variations, leading to communication errors and quality
degradation in wireless systems.

❑ Types of Fading:
1) Rayleigh Fading:
I. Rayleigh fading exhibits random amplitude variations in the absence of a dominant line-of- sight component.
II. Occurs in urban areas with multipath propagation.
f(x) = (x / σ^2) * exp(-(x^2 / (2 * σ^2)))
2) Rician Fading:
I. Rician fading incorporates a dominant line-of-sight component in addition to multipath scattering, leading
to varying signal strengths and a distinct statistical distribution.
II. Includes both line-of-sight and multipath components.
f(x) = (x / σ^2) * exp(-(x^2 + K^2) / (2 * σ^2)) * I0((K * x) / σ^2)

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 ❑Generalized Fading in Wireless Communication
• Describes variations in signal strength or quality in wireless communication.
• Encompasses diverse fading conditions, including LOS and NLOS scenarios.

1)Alpha-Mu (α-μ) Model:

- Form of generalized fading model.
- Adjusts parameters α and μ to capture fading severity and multipath richness.
- Provides flexibility in modelling different fading conditions.
f(x) = (μα/β) * (x/β)^(αμ-1) * exp(-(x/β)^αμ)

2) Nakagami Fading:

- The Nakagami fading channel is a generalization of Rayleigh fading and allows for
a more flexible fading model.
- The fading intensity in Nakagami fading follows a Nakagami distribution with a
shape parameter (m).
f(x) = (2m^m / Γ(m)) * (x^(2m-1) / Ω^2m) * exp(-m*x^2 / Ω^2)
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 ➢ LITERATURE SURVEY
S.N. Author’s name Paper title Publication Approach and concept about work
1. Ertuğrul Başar, Orthogonal Frequency IEEE TRANSACTI -The paper explores the concept of combining OFDM with index
ONS ON modulation to for better BER.
Ümit Aygölü, Division Multiplexing SIGNAL PROCESSI -Paper provides algorithms for implementing OFDM with index
Erdal Panayırcı, With Index Modulation NG, NOVEMBER modulation.
H. Vincent Poor 15,2013 -M ethodology-M athematical models and algorithms are presented for
signal generation, detection, channel estimation, and error performance
analysis.
-Limitation-The complexity of implementing OFDM -IM in practical
system is not discussed.

2. Qianli Ma, Yue Xiao, Lilin Subcarrier Allocation for IEEE -The paper aims to optimize the subcarrier allocation in OFDM -IM
Dan, Ping Yang, Lan Peng, OFDM With Index COMMUNICATIONS systems to improve the overall system performance.
and Shaoqian L Modulation LETTERS 2016
VOL20 , NO.7 -Methodology-The proposed algorithms are evaluated through
simulations and performance analyses to assess their effectiveness.

-limitation-The comparison with existing subcarrier allocation

techniques may be limited, potentially hindering a comprehensive
assessment of the proposed approach.

3. Wei-Wen Su and Jen-Ming Codebook Design 2020 IEEE -The paper aims to develop an optimized codebook to
Wu for OFDM with 92ND VEHICULAR T improve the performance of OFDM systems.
In-phase/Quadrature All ECHNOLOGY CONFE -methodology-The codebook design algorithm aims to
RENCE maximize the information transmission rate and minimize the
Index Modulation
error probability in IQ-AIM systems.
-Limitation-The paper focuses solely on codebook design and
does not cover other aspects of IQ-AIM systems, such as
channel estimation or signal detection algorithms. 9
4. Youngwook A Tight Upper Bound IEEE - Performance Evaluation
Ko on Bit Error Rate of COMMUNICATI-
- Novel approach analyzing BER performance of joint .
Joint OFDM and ONS LETTERS,
…OFDM and MCIK system, including derivation of tight
Multi-Carrier Index OCTOBER 2014
Keying …upper bound.
- Lack of experimental validation to support the
…theoretical results.

5. Rui Fan, Ya Jun Yu, Generalization IEEE - Explores combining OFDM and IM for improved
ofOrthogonal TRANSACTIONS …system performance.
Yong Liang Guan
Frequency Division ON WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIO - framework integrating OFDM and IM, including
Multiplexing With
NS,2015 ...modulation, demodulation, channel estimation, and
Index Modulation
...simulation-based performance evaluation.
- Does not address implementation details, focuses on
...theoretical analysis.

Jovana Mrkic, Enis Hybrid OFDM-IM 26TH - Paper develops a hybrid OFDM-IM system for
6.
TELECOMMUNIC BER improvement.
Kocan system for BER - Compares BER performance with . . . . . . . . . . . .
ATIONS
performance impr ..conventional OFDM-IM systems.
FORUM TELFO - Methodology: Describes hybrid system .architecture with
ovement
R 2018, IEEE ….ASK and PSK modulations.
- Limitation: Does not consider specific channel . . . models or
….interference sources. 10
7. Ibrahim Aboharba, On the Performance of IEEE 30TH CANADIAN CON - Paper analyzes OFDM-IM performance . ..
Houssein OFDM Index Modula FERENCE ON ELECTRICAL . .. . … over Nakagami fading channels.
Boud, Quazi Mehb tion over Nakagami Fa AND COMPUTER ENGINEE - Focuses on the impact of fading severity on .
ubar Rahman ding Channels RING , 2017. .. ….performance.
and Raveendra K. -Methodology: Derives analytical expressions . .
Rao . ..\\and provides simulations.
- Limitation: Does not consider other types of . . .
. … fading channels.

8. B,Keerthi Spectral Efficiency IEEE INTERNATIONAL - Paper analyzes spectral efficiency and BER of . . .
Priya, and BER Analysis of CONFERENCE ….OFDM-IM with M-ary QAM in Rayleigh . . . . .
ON COMPUTATIONAL ….fading.
P.Samundiswar OFDM-IM with M- INTELLIGENCE AND - Provides closed-form expressions for average . . .
y ary QAM under COMPUTING RESEARC ….BER in Rayleigh fading.
Rayleigh Fading H, 2017. - Limitation: Limited generalizability as other . .. .
Channel … fading channels are not considered.

9. M. Abdullahi, A. A Generalized IEEE ACCESS INDEX - Paper evaluates BER of IM-based OFDM system.
Cao, A. Zafar, P. Bit Error Rate MODULATION BASED - Discusses impact of different IM schemes.
Xiao, I. A. OFDM SYSTEM, 2020. - Methodology: Derives expressions for average BER.
Evaluation for
Hemadeh - Limitation: Doesn't address implementation
Index Modulation challenges.
Based OFDM
System
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 Problem Statement

● Performance analysis of OFDM-IM over the generalised Fading.

● Performance analysis of OFDM-IM over the AWGN channel.

● Performance analysis of OFDM-IM over different modulation schemes.

● Performance analysis of OFDM-IM over different (n,k,M) values.

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➢ RESULTS:- ❖ Simulation result of BER in OFDM-IM

Figure3:- BER ANALYSIS of OFDM and OFDM-IM using different techniques of Modulation such as B-PSK, Q-PSK. 13
❑ BER CURVE FOR OFDM-IM FOR DIFFERENT (N,K,M) VALUES.

Figure4:- BER ANALYSIS of OFDM-IM different (n,k,M) values .

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❑ BER CURVE FOR OFDM-IM FOR DIFFERENT FADING CHANNEL

Figure 5:- BER ANALYSIS of OFDM-IM for Different fading channel .

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➢ Next semester plan

March May

OFDM OFDM-IM MIMO-OFDM MIMO-OFDM-IM

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 ➢ Conclusion
● In this project we have evaluated the simulated analysis of BER performance
for OFDM & OFDM-IM under different modulation schemes.
● We also showed the effect of activation ratio on the performance of the system under
different number of subcarriers.
● We also showed the effect of different fading over the wireless communication
channel.

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volume={61},
➢ References
1.) Ertuğrul Başar, Ümit Aygölü, Erdal Panayırcı, H. Vincent Poor, “Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing With Index Modulation”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING,
NOVEMBER 15, 2013. Volume{61},Number{22},Pages{5536—5549} publisher={IEEE}.

2.) B.Keerthi priya , P.Samundiswary, “ Spectral Efficiency and BER Analysis of OFDM-IM with M-ary
QAM under Rayleigh Fading Channel”,2017 IEEE International Conference on Computational
Intelligence and Computing Research . Pages{1- -4} publisher={IEEE}.

3.) Ko ,Youngwook,"A Tight Upper Bound on Bit Error Rate of Joint OFDM and Multi-Carrier
Index Keying ” , IEEE Communication Letters, Volume{18},Number{10},Pages{1763—
1766} publisher={IEEE} 2014.

4.) Rui Fan,Ya Jun Yu,Yong Liang Guan, “Generalization of Orthogonal

Frequency Division Multiplexing With Index Modulation”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS,2015, Volume{14},Number{10},Pages{5350—5359}
publisher={IEEE}

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5.) Abdullahi, Mahmoud and Cao, Aijun and Zafar, Adnan and Xiao, “A generalized bit error rate
evaluation for index modulation based OFDM system” , IEEE Access ,
Volume{8},Pages{70082—70094}, publisher={IEEE} 2020.

6.) Jovana Mrkic, Enis Kocan, “Hybrid OFDM-IM system for BER performance improvement " , 26th
Telecommunications forum TELFOR 2018, Pages{1 -- 4}, publisher={IEEE}.

7.) Su, Wei-Wen and Wu , Jen-Ming, "Codebook Design for OFDM With In-phase/Quadrature All
Index Modulation” . 2020 ,Pages{1--5}, publisher={IEEE}.
8.) Ibrahim Aboharba, Houssein Boud, Quazi Mehbubar Rahman and Raveendra K. Rao , “On the
Performance of OFDM Index Modulation over Nakagami Fading Channels”, 2017 IEEE 30th
Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering , Pages{1 -- 5}, publisher={IEEE}
9) Ma, Qianli and Xiao, Yue and Dan, Lilin and Yang, Ping and Peng, Lan and Li, Shaoqian, “Subcarrier
allocation for OFDM with index modulation”. IEEE Communications Letters 2016, volume={20},
number={7}, pages={1469--1472}, year={2016}, publisher={IEEE}.

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Thank You !

Any questions ?
Hope you enjoyed our
Presentation :)

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