HIRAYA

ENG Q2
Lecturer: JD Cunanan

Drama and Play (M1) MEANS OF Direct interaction No direct

Drama INTERACTION between dramatist interaction between
and audience the playwright.
- “dran” - to do/to act
Instead, interaction
- Genre/literary composition that is deliberately is between artist and
written for performance audience.
- Can be performed on stage, on a film, or the radio
- They are typically called plays, and their creators are
known as “dramatists”. Elements of a Play
1. Acts and Scenes
Common Types of Drama - An act is a part of a play defined by elements such as
1. Comedy - It is a type of drama that aims to make the rising action, climax, and resolution. A scene normally
audience laugh. Its tone is light and it mostly has a happy represents actions happening in one place at one time,
ending and is marked off from the next scene by a curtain, a
black-out, or a brief emptying of the stage.
2. Tragedy - A type of drama in which the protagonist or
hero is brought down by his/her own flaws. Murders, 2. Characters
death, insanity, and pain are among the most common - The characters are the people whom the play is about,
ideas in this drama. with the dramatic action resulting from their choices,
behaviors, and relationships.
3. Tragicomedy - Special kind of drama that combines the
features of tragedy and comedy. Such play may be sad 3. Setting
but will have a happy ending. - A setting can be a real time period and geographical
location or a fictional world and unfamiliar time period.
4. Melodrama - It is a kind of drama in which everything is Setting also includes the physical landscape, climate,
hyperbolized. Usually, depicted in are love stories with weather, and the societal and cultural surroundings that
beautiful heroine, charming heroes, etc serve as a backdrop for the action. Setting is revealed
through the exposition of a story.
Play
- A dramatic performance, originating from the early 4. Dialogue
14th century - Dialogue is just as important as character in any play
- “paizo” - to act because it propels the action forward and informs the
- A literary work written for the theater that audience about what’s happening onstage, who the
dramatizes events through the performance of characters are, and their relationships to one another.
dialogue and stage directions. Dialogue encompasses all the spoken parts of the play.
- The authors of plays, called playwrights, structure
the performances into acts and scenes. 5. Plot
- Types of plays: written for the stage, for radio (radio - The plot is the sequence of events linking the story
plays), and for television or motion pictures together and presenting it in a cohesive, compelling way.
(screenplays). Plot consists of five general elements: an introduction
that introduces the characters and setting; rising action;
a climactic scene or scenes; falling action; and a
resolution.
Drama Play
6. Theme
DEFINITION distinct and concrete play is a subset of - The theme of a piece of literature is what you get when you
genre of literature drama ask the question, "Beyond the plot, what is this work
about?" Theme is the message the play wants to convey.
IMPLICATION (OR literary composition, a dramatic work
Some people describe it as a moral or lesson, but it is not
OTHER developed with an which includes
DEFINITION) aim of theater dialogue amidst the always directly a lesson.
performance, in front characters, and
of the audience. performed in a 7. Conflict
theater - It usually involves opposing forces, may be external (Man
vs Man, Man vs Nature, Man vs Society, Man vs Fate, Man
PEOPLE Dramatists - Playwrights - author vs Technology) or internal (Man vs Self). There may be a
INVOLVED creators of drama of plays clash of wills in a conflict purposes, or there may be a
mental or emotional conflict within one person
MEANS OF The audience Characters induce
INTERPRETATION interprets the drama interpretation and
8. Spectacle
as per their own idea. Play presents
understanding. the interpretation - Everything that is seen or heard on stage. It is what
contributes to its sensory effects: costumes, scenery, the
MEANS OF To be read To be seen gestures of the actors, the sound of the music and the
VIEWING resonance of the actors' voices.
HIRAYA
ENG Q2
Lecturer: JD Cunanan

Kinds of Solo Play

● Soliloquy
- The word soliloquy comes from the Latin
word soliloquium, meaning a talking to
oneself.
- Character speaks his thoughts out loud, to
himself
- This literary device allows the audience to
know what the character is thinking.

● Monologue
- The word monologue comes from the
Greek word monologos, which means
speaking alone.
- May be speaking to other characters in the
play or to the audience
- A speech that a character gives to an
audience, either inside or outside of the
play.
- The characters who don’t speak during the
monologue pretend they don’t hear the
monologue speaker.

The Stage Production

1. Producer - puts together the financing and
designates a director
2. Director - coordinates all the elements of production
3. Actors/Performers - portray the characters
4. Designer - in charge of lighting, sound and costume,
fills the stage space to make the play’s world visible
and interesting
5. Stage Manager - Responsible for running the stage
during the production. He calls for the cueing of
light, sound, props, etc.
6. Production Manager - Oversees the development of
the props, set, costumes, etc.

Types of Stage
1. Proscenium
- A proscenium theatre is what we usually think of as
a "theatre". It is also called Picture Frame Stage
because it is shaped in such a way that the audience
watches the play as it would regard a picture.
2. Open/Thrust
- This stage is projecting into the audience and
surrounded on three sides by the audience.
3. Theatre-In-The-Round - These have a central
performance area enclosed by the audience on all
sides. The arrangement is rarely ‘round’: more
usually the seating is in a square or polygonal
formation.
4. Outdoor - These are outdoor theatres that do not
have a roof, although sometimes parts of the stage
or audience seating will be covered. These stages
may make use of the natural light as it changes
during the day, particularly sunset.