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Histology Testbank: Blood 2a
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Hodgepodge
Instructions: For each histology question, pick the one best
answer. This histology test bank is also useful for the histology
questions on the USMLE (USMLE step 1).
1.
Approximately what percentage of the volume of blood do the
formed elements comprise?
a. 5
b. 25
c. 45
d. 75
e. 90
Answer: c
Blood is composed of the formed elements and plasma. Plasma is
the liquid portion of blood. The formed elements consist of the
cells and cell fragments. The erythrocytes (red blood cells),
platelets, and leukocytes (white blood cells) are all considered
formed elements.
When a sample of blood is centrifuged, the percentage occupied by
the formed elements is the hematocrit. An average hematocrit is
about 45%.
2.
Which of the following is the most abundant in a peripheral smear
of blood?
a. Neutrophils
b. Basophils
c. Erythrocytes
d. Leukocytes
e. Platelets
Answer: c
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are the most abundant formed
element in a peripheral smear of blood.
3.
Which leukocyte is the least abundant in a peripheral smear of
blood?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophil
d. Monocytes
e. Eosinophils
Answer: b
Basophils are the least abundant leukocyte.
Leukocytes are the white blood cells. The
order of frequency of the leukocytes is:
neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte,
eosinophil, basophil.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: The order
of frequency of the leukocytes can be
remembered by the mnemonic: "Never Let
Monkeys Eat Bananas".
4.
Which of the following is not a granulocyte?
a. PMN
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophil
d. Monocytes
e. Eosinophils
Answer: d
The granulocytes are named because of the presence of visible
cytoplasmic granules. The granulocytes consist of neutrophils,
eosinophils, and basophils. "PMN" is an abbreviation for
polymorphonuclear neutrophil. Thus, it is a neutrophil, which is a
granulocyte. The non-granulocytes are lymphocytes and
monocytes.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: Poly is from the Greek "polys",
which means many. "Poly" is also sometimes used as a nickname
for polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
5.
Which of the following is a granulocyte?
a. Thrombocyte
b. Monocyte
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Erythrocyte
Answer: d
The granulocytes are named because of the presence of visible
cytoplasmic granules. The granulocytes consist of neutrophils,
eosinophils, and basophils. The non-granulocytes are lymphocytes
and monocytes. Erythrocytes are red blood cells. A thrombocyte is
a platelet.
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: The
suffix (or prefix) "phil" comes from the
Greek word meaning love. It is used to
specify an attraction or affinity towards
something. It is seen in such words as
philosophy, philanthropy and
bibliophile.
This suffix is used in naming the three granulocytes: eosinophils,
basophils, and neutrophils. Eosinophils "love" or are attracted to
the eosin dye; thus the granules in an eosinophil are orange/pink.
Basophils "love" or are attracted to the basophilic dye; thus the
granules in a basophil are blue. Neutrophils "love" or are attracted
to the neutral dye; thus the granules in a neutrophil are neutral
colored.
6.
Which of the following is described as having a "central pallor"?
a. Leukocytes
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. Platelets
e. Erythrocytes
Answer: e
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are described as biconcave discs.
When stained, this phenomenon results in the central portion of
the cell staining lighter, thus the "central pallor".
Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: A biconcave disc can be
visualized by holding two Frisbees together so that the middle
portion is thinner than the top or bottom.
7.
Which is the smallest leukocyte?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophils
Answer: b
The leukocytes consist of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes,
eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed
nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the
shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called
"polymorphonuclear neutrophils", "poly's", "PMN", or "polymorph.
Lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Lymphocytes can be categorized
by three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small lymphocytes
are the smallest leukocyte, being only slightly larger than an
erythrocyte.
Monocytes are agranulocytes. They are the largest leukocyte.
Eosinophils are granulocytes. Eosinophils have prominent orange
pink granules. The nucleus of eosinophils is usually bi-lobed.
Basophils are granulocytes. Basophils have large blue granules,
which often obscure the nucleus. The granules are basophilic,
therefore they are blue.
8.
Which leukocyte usually has a bi-lobed nucleus?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Eosinophil
e. Basophils
Answer: d
The leukocytes consist of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes,
eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils are granulocytes. Neutrophils have a multi-lobed
nucleus. The lobes are separated by a thin strand. Because of the
shape of the nucleus, neutrophils are also called
"polymorphonuclear neutrophils", "poly's", "PMN", or "polymorph".
Lymphocytes are agranulocytes. Lymphocytes can be categorized
by three sizes: small, medium, and large. The small lymphocytes
are the smallest leukocyte, being only slightly larger than an
erythrocyte.
Monocytes are agranulocytes. They are the largest leukocyte.
Eosinophils are granulocytes. Eosinophils have prominent orange
pink granules. The nucleus of eosinophils is usually bi-lobed.
Basophils are granulocytes. Basophils have large blue granules,
which often obscure the nucleus. The granules are basophilic,
therefore they are blue.
9.
What is the buffy coat?
a. Leukocytes
b. Platelets
c. Erythrocytes
d. Plasma
e. Both a and b
Answer e:
The buffy coat is seen in a sample of centrifuged blood. It is the
thin layer above the red blood cells, but below the plasma. It
consists of the leukocytes and platelets.
10.
What is another term for a platelet?
a. Thrombocyte
b. Monocyte
c. Lymphocyte
d. Basophil
e. Erythrocyte
Answer: a
A thrombocyte is another name for a platelet.
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