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Hat Gok cnt beat OK 7” fh heat engine cor hae foo % ve 3? ig .BL=0K “oh cry o We &r-84 = Gn -wW 4 = Sop a 4=w 24 = top FaesTgad TIANA APY easuse OF sorder & Rrdemneyy E Susteren stheien, | enesats | nent J pex wit T { Tr | du= daraw iTESETr a : hits = ~/V Vi. ee A Ww Te [ + [t= /od\ = Taw J aslv TAs AV= AB+ dW 4 alate _du=Tas- pw | dW= -PV 2 Ed reyers) bole Ag= TAs proces: pe upe H Te The arovurk 6 herd vequtire) dy vase T tes erep G45 op a mnake'a) by dk? ER = {24 -[d@ TA oT )p Ts tee ak= =A) work done by Tegas ng = beet abwvbrd by syste =e (expan no Tone By gare te tarnpssion ) wove dere! a gor Saersurdny H y = slowly seme pisbore range 6 Lty 2 out of _syslerr 15 Shu = 50 that Syste demna’n ade thedsrad equiljbrivne, - A < von i => deme _welht showy \ tire) ; = fy pNAs TY Congtullsac fn | aie nek Ye roams I 40 tice) 9 that dv= 0 _ jt 3, Cee phd => add weight Alsi (W =i pete te So PA NT 7 ue { = wove heat shoo =a =i) se WW 8 eeeTp rransper ay hecho oage bl 4 Sus berry Sy pyrourding ” AU=deardw ‘ ———| a= aw | “w= Cv AT =-PaV : oe Th “= Tn Cp ER a cv Tj. dnl a [afte = v _y Th i ey Gi q RL Tad. Freci I I I cv —fe adiahah' eupansian § Tey shy i Th hy » Dn T= -R ny cv | 2) doT = (Y-4) Lav ttn Cons | Set — jn vO Y) TV T= const Ey _— ner Ee PRT Sea aE Cupens/= _Convert heal Gorn sovrce 1b Coon | od tear. YG angen Wn some heat loss (ip sinks) So as ° : bs Ts) | fat Qu =o soil | few = f-ar a-Ty 2 Qn Qh Th TpssTh sphoxi ay Tp § Th ab ensined Hrop | newy_tevn try i, Se het thet Tt=Th , the tad wi))_ 7 Ta Ih TE means |r >4] not possible for ciny hed _ || erine Be gd Janse, Pls misfr vevearble [_ 45= o) for inevetiole Ast ciive) du=Ja+ dv oy Ja= Jo rdw ATAs = dv + PAV 7] T a jo volumll V~ tte volomeled V recerible Tsothermn Syani pn free adlabaht oy Riiotherrna) adiaha te MLpan gin i Cupangis | ao i 8 a ave py ds=da= du + dv=Tds Pav) cHpeRSEO | Tr te av Se aS=4P Wy = nplav ve Sofa Sav T pv seveaible as=nk Ina] | 282 nk Int mrt Ty vw [ase nk talal [PFS of tic) 2 Enbopy ita dade fmnidion ; (value dees not depend on path taken => conserswative| ‘ A tlivder oops Aig Jie into ho, drarnibers by apriddionless piston — Walls 9 priton axe heat Inswdaded & chambers jorally has lergth- Balt chonabert are filled with 4 mole 9 He gas wth har Nall Prersurey bed ah Pe =a piston is then alle weal tr slide fal dis ‘the gas in chamber 1 pushes Ke pitta tm a $ Won tp ‘qunlize prescite — © Food Wilerce FravelTes} © SF Wis dare dy gas in cumberd -whab ate fine) op TT. in dee chambeu? © _Whak ox fre} Prevuse Poh?heads verde deal ¢ dQ =o aciaber fe expansion + —_ enpanepn) v Pv," = Po Vive anstt genetal Bea) init) | Co Chamber 4 chamber 2 6 ae . —- PVs PV," | BS Re | ib- : : | ie divide c A 4 =2 vi\7___premuse is bzod pe Po v4] fre _eXpanshy P= Pah et Vt 2 , I bth chambers ¢ = V2) . I Velorne 9 Silnder = ABAD ee i pak e + na) x 8/ee dus 46a 4st | lala 5 hO:& Oa eee ——|-___ du = ww ( adiabatic 4-3) wwe done by gas Cupar s.r) (—Pdv) ne Cy dT = ~dw fa Hy ea W change i iv tern dui) Cv } bapendon 3 boy Gay Jussac lan € Pat) 'n chamber dy (a? yate) 'W Chambey 2% (to's Te) =a] sn by Doasdel laos VAT 7 rn ayer Syonson Velvrne', chara bey 4 in Loasey Heap also ncheasey by amdunk Coombeys AT chamber 2 T= 2 Fo dT. _T, = Te = AT T= on wT feed t cv 2k cv and Fira preuures ase 2 B vie Obl 22 =NRTe i - x — Ji =~ NR (2Te-w ) ae nr 1 1 rd WwW.) mee CLial> ara re Tan aan areTurn sp SE Orleane) 202? is_surn © 1 a ia on yibracbivos! gt ate te me ce | v Hnetroel ens ; Yeo rete i¢ 4S % AV= 2 | AU —You |_As t+ 9/00 as)y Ov4 re or = fra fee | fee | Vas Ay —_Kdw7s J : fox isochon’c pro (Veo) [dv = Tas] Loy _sewasiele iss chavic ‘i T a= fev.dt ay, \ Tr YP a spi, WA at ans Vile : eA |aH =dU + pav + Vee 48\ tow 4- aU = TAs ~ PAY, 4 = Tig +V $P) | = Fux_tsobare pre cess CaPoo) | | [an = Tas] | Y veverable issbane pray | ‘i (aX J, ea Ns i Ty | (ef) = joteinal tosige abd enthalpy ae ta epbupy is digest! ty while, lelioholke ee enetyy % Gibbs au a fin oy (WT) (AT)‘ inbbernel tneryy Enthadyy ] 4 du = Tds - Pav d= Tds+vaP | : H=U4 PV ' u(sy¥) RYAN) Fise tnoeyy Gibbs en F = -SdT -Pdv dh= + SAT + Vap Fa -Ts fis HoT Ss. F( GY) G (1?)Welenlwlte free enedgy novel, 1 CAnated during en isothermal, _f sochevic pr Cord at=0 , dVzo d(v-TS) ¢o dFsoa =A Cribb! enoagy newer, increases for om Isvthouma| fsoban'e proce - A(H-TS) £0 di=o , dP-o Ag ¢o oc WE 1 W= PAs = CH ub LG OR V5 138 eat: equadon $= Sov _ enthalpy di = AQt Va ee dg= dit + vap fur Ssobaut process Crew sible), v apors dW = Tds +VaP = CpaT 2 do= Caat + VA ah G= Cp dr +f jo| . pP/ov Pt oP At1 | WILLE peo x For tent gas lrevertble) dV = Cy AT be (dv) = | ip ae a °, 2 Pd (Rt “p /=sr 2 ° 2a ae A Py = -er = -V Pp woe [A= Git —vdpe | this fi chia Ny ddi= ap wvaP pr rem le [henge |¢= dd - Co~VAP 4 Fi | £0. : 7 Co : at Ta ede: = off wegel oP - 4b yb | av: yt = = Cp-b 2 $S P vreaall pe MRE | eetraci eal Me is enctay absaxbecl Teleased when erred oe petbrles of ot system is. chargecl = Tre In charnteal reaches 6% phase rons ions ye _ charge - a du= Tds - Pav adn = Cav dE = -sdt-PAv td » = (ee d@ =~ ~saT {Vat adh 7 vor ae L| MyAse 6Y dey Phease Eran site ni Ay : ubise« D eseolploing are |__| _.cist videy phate trangiting } Freres —change tre Evtapy olan Gibbs «tn eet is Constr o vs order phase bran sibon— Concibions § CCRT) is continuous + AS Jowvadive Sy 4 . ca (RTI alge toctbroud © Buk aA derivative a GL BT) Is Aicundrwn ws ot tradsition point eran ben pt aval pone oI “ whete Usrve Oy guap he takes a chong® IG beth (7) & BV) change =hana, _ J blw two suc eC | i au Daye Li ine eo. GowelQed by an Codie Collisciony 1's th? 9 — | a . h 3 Sco Mery | fo C405~Secbir. H 2 Peae bey er | a density | a é pat A =n” [Y= ie abo Lommeke| \e on) | at STP fais asco f On macwsecp fee atheros heat pra ve withsut oll fe with one anothes, ~ panbule$ in a conning tsa dalle lesseag will be mean $e! pe lesser willbe the auehae vo). xed ay Averase “inne blo successive call resins + es om . PTS FREE Pat . Vv vob oaty expansion. a aw Ke€ =. avehage thesenal eovengty oh Fo A a aes ea 2 a 3 a Ve [OKT er (veleaty > Copan) 1 Tree 1S leiene los as [e= Ao IES ond ns|_ ge Lakes ortins fx" one sob ‘te - ” - collide onothar ecb = & S ce (BPI Mo PO Ge 9 CD space iouk'ch we com a coe kelly Saying a. clot. Op 1 ha on ving partrle? se only a be osiben covidirohels coe ake required =. Pe a merrentprn b eoprdingdes ote not. squid ) E fo wie systern ( 2 posibon + 3 oh coovdiindtes ae “equi Yea cote pares he velocties ih -each! elie chon fobo} deyres o-freador vmld be GN d_be _bN-Limensi'y e Spa— Awert divide - they TaN. spa into inpiitesiael [assess such tha hh poith ao x ger aipeit Ve arch inpindeyien, Sve Rye PataaPe sts t 2 yyy 7095 Pow 4D spa a, single gash del = Pu iP. fit » ly meaty 4 point in —>_ A point fr dace ("space 13 Aegiineal_by b rier oa G ordifra tes - EN wordingd es - Lo. § te to Dada Arcxos babes: bq ETT angers) | Pee — Heer = = ae se nl (n=) —sich_that sath | ! the di i whi ch an elechon Can + abjtats a —difpes Sata ta Bea = encloses one, peshide | In fp’ space - 1| ne Ni 4 ten be a few les in ba a ce in boy ho oes trek ( igmagethe spin) were §illivg So N =| Sh 6 ae Cntaacbaben rer== SATE Distribution Findsion i _—_| Bistnioutben Sin descnibex the vordern vanaWe takes & spect val Yl ca vendor variable % PKs proba bilithy — > Mt indcbes the probabtht, witty ubicll 2 hes p> each prbabi Gy ts bho o% 4 Su & pobablities a box 9 weve intersted in stob’s biel prpentt eh geal t not a sitgle paxbule - Divide p space into cells each of veleme elloment-dzr- rs each do ceri mang_pastiles but: sti) ts M4 A0 Sf op ica Ue inginil curd = Vita Iz _VRVRVAR Yo-—dyt PP es Oc jones the number 9 pas Jet Number(n;) * ojivec shasta OE Speci} L fsx cxomple Ej carsespands t tuo states [yeah stata can acvorrnds te only A |! pase. { Pasily's Etclusions op termiany gi) only one slate at coal t 23a \ so. ny=4 for_one state ‘eis pcelbe a) my nbubis = abin nunber~ a wleme weet @ i's! Wy&- thal) withencyy ) Nodes vith bb) y trete Ant in sgstern= = ent sien) hb syplenr E ean be su Gr enekyje each coll ingeyterd Ei Pvt) dev dP =] Flv t) dv alP’ : eh. de. Then sormming fit over b rs (PD then dey = Volume we —— a tity. P? c(Pt ap [In - (ewan neverdond’ EB v ap ;‘ inekic Theo’ opines the dislibudre coals arblerak ao conlas Verne = only wanslalisna) mstioyy ads sin Vibiedboind rasta bornic ideal averase vebocit ae dv? + hve = kelp Kel rk Ta Bi ol mean S veloc tV= [ier ™”) Fessuse ge on Weal gai Pressure ran ideal gas iS the force pervnitahe, eyseted of the walls 9 the Sars by Gat parables ~ Pot a wis) nonmalts trau's- where pastile hit the wel with veloc h (Vy =Vkste i _acverl) beck with equal marten fury % bane had miranhim aan CMake a faPy = am Vices 6] 7 coreg aby i esl = (te $00) d2P re “a = rv, )_V, a3PO Aa =U oO Talents: oe Siete - = ae v Kbnz)Se ~f = Tip Seas TE by 3s) —— a aT() dls ~saT a VP 8 for ano ee erserrble OPrMuse Pa as ss un C. ra —_— Bet Feaey re Z ane Tis die dink) + pgaN= Cm dnangtha BAS Syke owen ack ce mn esinal ( Set Meee 7 nin | Oat dynos) oy mn (Ivy) “Girard Cansnitad Ensonble _ = dAFe -SAT- PAV + pd dI=o Veo de = _ gtend pata “GER te 0, w= Ts) - dae tp => Prat beubi Ed with ie tea Pee ff stele Be Ny partes will be Se a aN, Petia.(i. Pets haat ph | $ kat oT. +ph Nya bce dN = Avera oeetponey. Oy ensabnble N= Soni 9 Pye Fan =0=1s aps ag, ape JAG = yan — ide ae :-dv= HS = PAV + pal ~)g, = -Pav —sdT = Nd aN (st) WT Eanor de egeeate Se) Pailin fren funchio ¢ 5 “Simple Hoornie oral r En= (ott) hw ANE 0, 4\23 Ly= srw y Eye athw., Epa Lhe) _ rope B BAW Le ap — pw B Hoe eo & ie 4 ey Ry. hw hw B= hal ee e-? [are a aie F 5 4 ak high term (A-a) = teats tay TH PS is 28 export od CO Tere? Maas faa ee) ae ena [acten| D SHO on? tbh! en (4-e°™)_ Shu [ea oalfesb~ eng | Paditen Finen San ideo Gag Jr one youbile, PE is Kys Ze | wahich tom eis bin 2 tnetgy shades gv -N paxboley 5 PF wale papa ea¢ T fer ah = chable. os A N ee lativi: istic. 4 c ddeod Ga 1 = [wt = = y ich + P ( Peer ee 2 a oD) - = Spam E | = me?] a + Bx a p Pee ee mc mc a Des =m ce Tt pe al x = a E it a tty mec!Ye "Tat gen aa = i = ee ushy {2a =F Grouss tary ‘ Ak ——— > \qneve Spe —— Re iv ee ae Wes i h> 7S) = RoW 9 7 figtamy es v eee E N- ae ———~ oa ea, ads Se - i enyidh | Be EN ; —. —h?__ (Bey? 2 fe) aay b 7 ! et Kf ha PV ae hens aMOWN ~ pm) atete n itil aay is i ts s “asssurated with ech Ayses = en: ery=(pau a7 oe 8 ai a 2 —