ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

FINAL EXAMINATION

Instruction: Read the questions carefully and select the correct answer.
1. The main components of photochemical smog are ________.
a. Water vapor b. Oxides of nitrogen c. Sulphur dioxide d. All of the above
2. Deforestation generally decreases
a. Rainfall b. Soil erosion c. Drought d. Global warming
3. ___________ is defined as an ecological state of a species being unique to a specific geographic location.
a. Exotic species b. Endemic species c. Ecosystem d. None of the above
4. 5th June is observed as
a. World forest day c. World environment day
b. World wildlife day d. World population day
5. The Ecological pyramid is always upright
a. Pyramid of energy b. Pyramid of biomass c. Pyramid of number d. None of these
6. The most stable ecosystem is
a. Forest b. Desert c. Ocean d. Mountain
7. Atmospheric ozone layer which protect us from UV-B & C is getting depleted most by addition of ________.
a. Chlorofluorocarbon b. Carbon monoxide c. Carbon dioxide d. Sulfur dioxide
8. Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological
communities?
a. Nutrient availability, soil pH, light intensity
b. Precipitation, wind, temperature
c. Predation, competition, disease
d. All of the above
9. All of the following statements about ecology are correct except:
a. Ecology is the study of the interactions between biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment
b. Ecology is a discipline that is independent from natural selection and evolutionary history
c. Ecologists may study populations and communities of organisms\
d. Ecology spans increasingly comprehensive levels of organization, from individuals to ecosystems
10. Who coined the term acid rain?
a. Christ Ralph b. Elmer Joseph Clark c. Ernest Flower d. Robert Angus Smith
11. The damage caused by acid rain is due to __________ nature of acid rain
a. Balancing b. Protecting c. Withstanding d. Corrosive
12. Acid rain reacts with marble and limestone to form ___________.
a. Calcium carbonate b. Calcium hydroxide c. Calcium sulphate d. None of the above
13. The ecological pyramid always starts with the following at the base
a. Decomposer b. Producer c. Consumer d. None of these
14. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
a. Coal b. Forest c. Water d. Wildlife
15. Chipko movement was started to conserve ________.
a. Forest b. Grasslands c. Deserts d. Soil
16. Which out of the following are the causes of soil erosion?
a. Unrestricted grazing b. Over cultivation c. Deforestation d. All of the above
17. Red data book contains data of __________.
a. All plant species b. All animal species c. Threatened species d. Economically important species
18. Which of the following regions has the maximum diversity?
a. Mangroves b. Temperate Forest c. Taiga d. Coral reefs
19. Hotspots are regions of high __________.
a. Rareism c. Endemism
b. Diversity d. Critically endangered population
20. A poisonous gas given out of vehicles exhaust is ____________.
a. Carbon monoxide b. Ethane c. Methane d. Carbon dioxide
21. Yellowing of Taj Mahal is an effect of ____________.
a. Acid rain b. Global warming c. Ozone depletion d. All of the above
22. Pollutants that are easily manageable and decomposable in nature are called _________.
a. Biodegradable pollutants c. Non-biodegradable pollutants
b. Renewable pollutants d. None of these
23. What is Kyoto Protocol?
a. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing global warming
b. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for reducing acid rain
c. It is an agreement among countries to take steps for planting trees to control pollution
d. It is an agreement among countries to start using nuclear energy
24. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
a. Methane b. Water vapor c. Carbon dioxide d. All of the above
25. Ozone day is observed on ____________.
a. 3rd January b. 16th September c. 10th November d. 26th March
26. A population is a group of ____________.
a. Individual in a family c. Individuals in a species
b. Communities in an ecosystem d. Species in a community
27. Sustainable development means
a. Meeting present needs without compromising on future needs
b. Progress of human beings
 c. Balance between human needs and the ability of the earth to provide the resources
d. All of the above
28. The upright pyramid of numbers is absent in
a. Lake b. Pond c. Grasslands d. Forests
29. The burning of fossil fuels releases a large amount of
a. Nitrogen into air b. Sulphur into air c. Carbon dioxide into air d. Oxygen into air
30. Which is a list of renewable resources?
a. Petroleum, geothermal, wind c. Biomass, geothermal, hydropower
b. Natural gas, wind, biomass d. Hydropower, solar, wind energy
31. Trophic levels are formed by
a. Only plants c. Only animals
b. Only carnivals d. Food chain linked organisms
32. Process of photosynthesis is found in
a. Decomposers b. Producers c. Consumers d. Top consumers
33. Which of the following is not an air pollutant?
a. Smoke b. CO2 c. Nitrogen d. Sulphur Dioxide
34. Ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere by a photochemical reaction with
a. Ultra violet solar radiation c. Infra-red radiation
b. Visible light d. All of the above
35. The lowest layer of atmosphere is
a. Mesosphere b. Stratosphere c. Troposphere d. Ionosphere
36. An aquarium is an ecosystem
a. Aquatic b. Self-regulating c. Artificial d. Both a & c
37. Plants that can grow in dry places are called
a. Hydrophytes b. Mesophytes c. Halophytes d. Xerophytes
38. The process that causes wearing away and transportation of particles of rock or soil is called
a. Salinization b. Soil formation c. Erosion d. Landslide
39. All consumers are
a. Autotrophs b. Carnivores c. Heterotrophs d. All of these
40. The conversion of ammonia to nitrates is known as
a. Denitrification b. . Nitrification c. Ammonification d. Nitrogen-fixation
41. The study that deals with the interaction of organisms with their environment
a. Etiology b. Botany c. Ecology d. Biology
42. __________ is the phenomenon in which the earth retains heat
a. Air pollution b. Greenhouse effect c. Global effect d. Land pollution
43. Forest helps in mitigating global warming through
a. Heat radiation b. Heat absorption c. Transpiration d. Photosynthesis
44. Main source of noise pollution
a. Urbanization b. Industrialization c. Photochemical smog d. Both a & b
45. The primary producer of a pond ecosystem is
a. Zooplankton b. Red algae c. Phytoplankton d. Floating plants
46. Which will not cause any atmospheric pollution?
a. H2 b. SO2 c. CO2 d. CO
47. A food web consists of
a. A single food chain c. Many independent food chain
b. Many interconnected food chains d. All of these
48. The efficiency of energy flow in the ecosystem is about
a. 1% b. 10% c. 50% d. 100%
49. The conversion of ammonia to nitrate is known as
a. Ammonification b. Nitrification c. Denitrification d. All of these
50. Which of the following enhances soil fertility?
a. Crop rotation c. Improved methods of agriculture
b. Using new seed verities d. Irrigation
51. Energy is returned to the atmosphere in the form of
a. Potential energy b. Metabolic energy c. Heat d. Vapors
52. The presence of Ozone layer in the atmosphere was first observed by
a. W.G.Rosen b. Ronald Coarse c. Chapman d. None of the above
53. The term Green House Effect was coined by
a. Ronald Coarse b. Garret Hardin c. J.Fourier d. None of these
54. The species considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild is called
a. Rare species b. Vulnerable species c. Endangered species d. Indeterminate species
55. Threatened species include
a. Rare species b. Vulnerable species c. Endangered species d. All the above
56. Global warming is a consequence of----------------
a. Acid rain c. Greenhouse effect
b. Depletion of ozone layer d. Radioactive fall out
57. Which of the following facts are incorrect?
a. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system
b. Eutrophication is observed in water bodies
c. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon
d. Ozone is harmless to breathe
58. Which of the following is called the secondary air pollutant?
a. PANs b. Ozone c. Carbon monoxide d. Nitrogen Dioxide
59. Which of the following statements is true about smog?
a. Smog is derived from the fog c. Smog is derived from smoke
b. Smog is derived from water vapor d. Smog is derived from both fog and smoke
 60. Which of the following diseases are caused by smog?
a. Rickets b. . Bronchitis c. Breathing Problems d. All of the above
61. The protocol which decided to completely phase out CFC is
a. Cartagena protocol c. Stockholm Convention
b. Montreal protocol d. Kyoto protocol
62. The uses of CFCs are
a. Insulators b. Aerosol propellants c. Refrigerants d. All of the above
63. The ozone layer is present in –
a. Mesosphere b. . Thermosphere c. Stratosphere d. None of the above
64. Which of the following are the negative health effects of noise pollution?
a. Hypertension b. . Hearing loss c. Stress and headache d. All of the above
65. Animals whose primary source of food is based on plants are known as
a. Carnivores b. Herbivores c. Omnivores d. None of the above
66. What kind of Ecosystem is known as sustainable?
a. The one in which all species are in balance c. The one in which there are no animals
b. The one in which animals feed on each other d. All of these
67. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
a. Ecosystems may vary in size c. Ecosystems are always very large
b. Ecosystems are always very small. d. None of these is true.
68. The following is an example of Terrestrial Biome
a. Tropical rain forest b. Rivers c. Streams d. All of the above
69. Terrestrial biomes has a rapid exchange of
a. Carbon dioxide b. Oxygen c. Water d. All of the above
70. Ecosystem is smallest unit of
a. Ionosphere b. Lithosphere c. Biosphere d. Mesosphere
71. This is true about secondary succession
a. Follows primary succession
b. Takes place on a deforested site
c. Is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively slower pace
d. Begins on a bare rock
72. Ecological Succession is an important function of an Ecosystem. Which of the following statement/s about
Ecological succession is/are correct?
I. Succession refers to the changes in population or community structures that occur at the
boundary of two habitats.
II. It is a universal process of directional change in vegetation and animal life on an ecological time
scale.
Select the correct code
a. I only b. II only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2
73. ‘Ozone-hole’ means
a. A large sized hole in the ozone layer c. Thinning of the ozone layer
b. Small holes scattered in the ozone layer d. Thickening of ozone in the ozone layer
74. Soil erosion can be prevented by
a. Raising forests c. Deforestation
b. Excessive use of fertilizer d. Overgrazing by animals
75. What would happen, if all the oxygen present in the environment is converted to ozone?
a. We will be protected more
b. It will become poisonous and kill living forms
c. Ozone is not stable, hence it will be toxic
d. It will help harmful sun radiations to reach earth and damage many life forms.
76. Which of the following activity is incorrect about the impact of human activities on the ecosystem?
a. Depletion of ground water c. Extinction of species
b. Decrease of forest area d. None of the above
77. Environmental studies is defined as the branch that deals with the
a. Design, study, and discovery of new materials
b. The study of humanities, social, biological, and physical sciences
c. Incorporate the information and physical sciences
d. Approach about the natural world and the impact of humans on its integrity
78. Which of the following is not a measure of sustainable water management?
a. Preventing leakage from dams and canals
b. Reducing the rate of surface run-off water.
c. Preventing loss in the municipal pipes.
d. Building small reservoirs in place of a few mega projects.
79. The term ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word which means to encircle or surround
a. Environ b. Oikos c. Geo d. Aqua
80. Which of the following are major environmental issues involved in mining?
a. Air pollution b. Water pollution c. Soil degradation d. All of the above
81. A herbivore is also known as a
a. Producer c. First order consumer
b. Second order consumer. d. Third order consumer
82. The true end of any food chain is the
a. Decomposer b. Predator c. Consumer d. Human
83. Which of these belong to the category of primary consumers in grazing food chain?
a. Snakes and frogs b. Insects and cattle c. Eagle and snakes d. Cow and rabbit
84. Which one of the following is not a gaseous biogeochemical cycle?
a. Nitrogen cycle b. Carbon cycle c. Sulphur cycle d. Phosphorus cycle
85. Thickness of ozone layer is measured in
 a. Decibels b. Dobson unit c. Meter d. Armstrong unit
86. Which of the following statements about ozone is true?
a. Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
b. Ozone is highly reactive
c. It protects us from harmful UV radiations of sun
d. All of the above
87. Which of the following is not a potential adverse effect of global warming?
a. More extreme weather patterns c. Retreat of glaciers
b. Sea level rise d. An increase of UV-B radiation
88. Development activities on the hydrosphere cause
a. Air pollution b. Soil pollution c. Water pollution d. Soil erosion
89. Global warming can be controlled by
a. Reducing deforestation, cutting down use of fossil fuel
b. Reducing reforestation, increasing the use of fossil fuel
c. Increasing deforestation, slowing down the growth of human population
d. Increasing deforestation, reducing efficiency of energy usage
90. The greatest problem of water conservation is to reduce the amount of
a. Precipitation b. Runoff water c. Groundwater d. Evaporation
91. In a marine food chain, small fish eat plankton, big fish eat small fish, and sharks eat big fish. Which organism has
the smallest population?
a. The sharks b. The small fish c. The big fish d. The plankton
92. Which of the following statements best describes a food web?
a. Many individual organisms of the same species that live in the same space and that share resources
b. A black bear eats fruit and then spreads the fruit seeds through its excretions
c. A system that is made up of a community of organisms and their environment
d. All life is connected by the transfer of energy among organisms and their environment
93. Grass that gains energy from the sun is an example of a
a. Consumer b. Decomposer c. Parasite d. Producer
94. Sustainable energy
a. is clean c. can be used over a long period of time
b. both (a) and (b) d. none of the above
95. What is the total percentage of nitrogen gas in the air?
a. 12 percent b. 21 percent c. 78 percent d. 87 percent
96. The two major impacts expected as a result of rising global temperatures are
a. Higher water levels in lakes and streams but more consistent flooding patterns
b. Regional climatic changes and a rise in sea level
c. Longer summers and drier winters
d. Low water levels in lakes and streams and larger floodplains.
97. Increased levels of air pollution results in
a. Soil erosion c. Global warming
b. Respiratory problems d. All of the above
98. __________ is the example of non-renewable natural resources
a. Water b. Solar energy c. Crops d. Coal and petroleum
99. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
a. Gas b. Coal c. Petroleum d. All the above
100. Soil erosion can be prevented by
a. Afforestation b. Deforestation c. Over growing d. Removal of vegetation

9. Green House effect refers to

a) Cooling of earth b) Trapping of UV rays
c) Warming of earth d) Cultivation of plants
10. Global warming will cause the following
a) Melting of glaciers b) Raising of ocean level
c) Sinking of islands d) All the above
13. Soil erosion is caused by
a) Deforestation b) Farming and mining
c) Overgrazing by cattle d) All the above
14. is used for generation of electricity
a) Natural Gas b) Coal c) Petroleum d) All the above

The one thing that is common to all fossil fuels is that they
Were originally formed in marine environment
Contain carbon
Have undergone the same set of geological processes during their formation
Represent the remains of one living organisms
Answer: b

Which of the following nonrenewable energy is not classified under a fossil fuel?
Nuclear
Petroleum
Oil
Natural gas
Answer: a

Matter must be recycled again and again by an ecological process called

Ecological pyramid
Ecological Succession
Biogeochemical cycle
Energy flow
Answer: c

An example of e-waste is
Paper
Plastic
Industrial effluent
Mobile phone
Answer: d

Which of the following is said to be a biodegradable waste?

Plastics
Glasses
Eggshell
Polythene
Answer: c

Which of the following is also called Detrivores?

Herbivores
Decomposers
Carnivores
None of the above
Answer: b

The 3 R principle in waste management stand for

Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Reduce, regain and reuse
Reduce, reset and reform
Reduce, retain and regain
Answer: a