HH Radhanath Swami

Transcendental Appearance
[Radhanathswamimedia: 92-002-Transcendental Appearance (Mumbai)-SB_10_3_24-dt_92_01_02]

rūpaḿ yat tat prāhur avyaktam ādyaḿ

Translation:

Śrī Devakī said: My dear Lord, there are different Vedas, some of which describe You as unperceivable through words and the
mind. Yet You are the origin of the entire cosmic manifestation. You are Brahman, the greatest of everything, full of effulgence
like the sun. You have no material cause, You are free from change and deviation, and You have no material desires. Thus the
Vedas say that You are the substance. Therefore, my Lord, You are directly the origin of all Vedic statements, and by
understanding You, one gradually understands everything. You are different from the light of Brahman and Paramātmā, yet You
are not different from them. Everything emanates from You. Indeed, You are the cause of all causes, Lord Viṣṇu, the light of all
transcendental knowledge.

Purport:

Viṣṇu is the origin of everything, and there is no difference between Lord Viṣṇu and Lord Kṛṣṇa because both of Them are viṣṇu-
tattva. From the Ṛg Veda we understand, oḿ tad viṣṇoḥ paramaḿ padam: the original substance is the all-pervading Lord Viṣṇu,
who is also Paramātmā and the effulgent Brahman. The living entities are also part and parcel of Viṣṇu, who has various energies
(parāsya śaktir vividhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñāna-bala-kriyā ca). Viṣṇu, or Kṛṣṇa, is therefore everything. Lord Kṛṣṇa says in
the Bhagavad-Gita (10.8), ahaḿ sarvasya prabhavo mattaḥ sarvaḿ pravartate: "I am the source of all spiritual and material
worlds. Everything emanates from Me." Kṛṣṇa, therefore, is the original cause of everything (sarva-kāraṇa-kāraṇam [Bs. 5.1]).
When Viṣṇu expands in His all-pervading aspect, we should understand Him to be the nirākāra-nirviśeṣa-brahmajyoti.

Although everything emanates from Kṛṣṇa, He is ultimately a person. Aham ādir hi devānām: He is the origin of Brahmā, Viṣṇu
and Maheśvara, and from them many other demigods are manifested. Kṛṣṇa therefore says in Bhagavad-Gita (14.27), brahmaṇo
hi pratiṣṭhāham; "Brahman rests upon Me." The Lord also says:

ye 'py anya-devatā-bhaktā
yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ
te 'pi mām eva kaunteya
yajanty avidhi-pūrvakam

"Whatever a man may sacrifice to other gods, O son of Kuntī, is really meant for Me alone, but it is offered without true
understanding." (Bg. 9.23) There are many persons who worship different demigods, considering all of them to be separate gods,
which in fact they are not. The fact is that every demigod, and every living entity, is part and parcel of Kṛṣṇa (mamaivāḿśo jīva-
loke jīva-bhūtaḥ). The demigods are also in the category of living entities; they are not separate gods. But men whose knowledge
is immature and contaminated by the modes of material nature worship various demigods, according to their intelligence.
Therefore they are rebuked in Bhagavad-gītā (kāmais tais tair hṛta-jñānāḥ prapadyante 'nya-devatāḥ [Bg. 7.20]). Because they are
unintelligent and not very advanced and have not properly considered the truth, they take to the worship of various demigods or
speculate according to various philosophies, such as the Māyāvāda philosophy.

Kṛṣṇa, Viṣṇu, is the actual origin of everything. As stated in the Vedas, yasya bhāṣā sarvam idaḿ vibhāti. The Absolute Truth is
described later in the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (10.28.15) as satyaḿ jñānam anantam yad brahma-jyotiḥ sanātanam. The brahmajyoti
is sanātana, eternal, yet it is dependent on Kṛṣṇa (brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham). The Brahma-saḿhitā states that the Lord is all-
pervading. Aṇḍāntara-stha-paramāṇu-cayāntara-stham: He is within this universe, and He is within the atom as Paramātmā.
Yasya prabhā prabhavato jagad-aṇḍa-koṭi-koṭiṣv aśeṣa-vasudhādi-vibhu-ti-bhinnam: [Bs. 5.40] Brahman is also not independent
of Him. Therefore whatever a philosopher may describe is ultimately Kṛṣṇa, or Lord Viṣṇu (sarvaḿ khalv idaḿ brahma, paraḿ
brahma paraḿ dhāma pavitraḿ paramaḿ bhavān [Bg. 10.12]). According to different phases of understanding, Lord Viṣṇu is
differently described, but in fact He is the origin of everything.
Because Devakī was an unalloyed devotee, she could understand that the same Lord Viṣṇu had appeared as her son. Therefore,
after the prayers of Vasudeva, Devakī offered her prayers. She was very frightened because of her brother's atrocities. Devakī
said, "My dear Lord, Your eternal forms, like Nārāyaṇa, Lord Rāma, Śeṣa, Varāha, Nṛsiḿha, Vāmana, Baladeva, and millions of
similar incarnations emanating from Viṣṇu, are described in the Vedic literature as original. You are original because all Your
forms as incarnations are outside of this material creation. Your form was existing before this cosmic manifestation was created.
Your forms are eternal and all-pervading. They are self-effulgent, changeless and uncontaminated by the material qualities. Such
eternal forms are ever-cognizant and full of bliss; they are situated in transcendental goodness and are always engaged in
different pastimes. You are not limited to a particular form only; all such transcendental, eternal forms are self-sufficient. I can
understand that You are the Supreme Lord Viṣṇu." We may conclude, therefore, that Lord Viṣṇu is everything, although He is
also different from everything. This is the acintya-bhedābheda-tattva philosophy.

Krishna’s supreme authority, as established by Himself:

This chapter three from the tenth canto of Srimad Bhagavatam, we find the appearance
of Lord Sri Krishna.

janma karma ca me divyam

Krishna explains in Gita that one who understands the transcendental nature of my
appearance and activities never takes birth in this material world. How Krishna is
appearing is something that is unique to the personality of Godhead Himself when He
appears in this world. When we were in the holy land of Sri Kurukshetra dham, we were
giving one discourse in the Kurukshetra university and attending were all very high
class scholars and very sincere studying students of the Vedas and there was a
question that, ‘why should we take so seriously the authority of Bhagavadgita when we
find that the speaker of Bhagavadgita could not even follow the basic principles of
human morality? Krishna is known as a thief, Krishna practiced polygamy, he had so
many thousands of wives and before that, He was, hmm... He was, secretly, in the
nights on the banks of Yamuna in the Vrindavan forests. He was meeting with other
women, sometimes with other men’s wives. An acharya is one who teaches by example. So,
this Bhagavadgita, is it really to be taken as an authority when it is spoken by such
a personality? And factually, one of the most famous of all commentators of the
Bhagavadgita, perhaps …… (12:19) anyone else worldwide besides Srila Prabhupad and one
or two others, this person’s Bhagavadgita, is most well-read, his commentary. And this
person is famous throughout the world and especially in India, was one of the greatest
saints who is adored and respected. And he explains, he made it quite known in his
writings as well in his ……… (13:01) seen in his personal dialogs that, ‘although I
read Bhagavadgita every morning and every evening, although I get great refuge in
these divine words, I cannot accept that it is historical. I must accept that some
great sages had written it and created a fictitious personality named Krishna for the
purpose of using this medium to present the absolute truth, the highest truth.’ ‘Why?
You believe in the other incarnations of God, do you not?’ ‘Yes, yes, God could do
anything. I believe in Ram, I believe in so many, but not Krishna. He could not have
existed.’ ‘Why?’ ‘Because if God would have come to this world, He would not have
acted immorally. And if God would have come to this world, He would have not induced
Arjuna to violence. Therefore, I cannot accept any historical validity to the life of
Krishna.’ Of course Krishna, in His own words, explains in the Bhagavad-Gita,

avajananti mam mudha manusim tanum asritam

‘Fools deride me when I descend in the human form. They take me to be ordinary; they
do not understand my supreme dominion over all that be and my completely
transcendental position.’ Krishna is the absolute truth. In Gita, Krishna explains,
Mattah parataram nanyat kincid asti dhananjaya. That there is no truth superior to Me.
Everything is resting upon Me as pearls are strung on a thread. And Bhagavatam
describes in the first chapter, first verse, satyam param dhimahi om namo bhagavate
vasudevayah that this son of vasudeva who has appeared, I meditate upon Him because He
is the supreme truth. Tribhir guna-mayair bhavair. Krishna says, ‘I am above, beyond
the three modes of material nature.’ And He wanted to establish it from the very
beginning of His advent.
The divine conception:

You know how children are born into this world. So much pain, so much suffering by the
mother, and even more by the child. People feel so much sorry for the mother when she
is giving birth, but the child is going through far more pain and tribulation. Only
difference is the mother can tell everyone how she is suffering, but the child, all he
can do is cry, and that’s exactly what he does. And it’s not a very hygienic
situation, birth of any creature in this world. It’s full of pain; it’s full of all
sorts of problems and difficulties, potential complications, but how did Krishna
appear? In a completely transcendental manner. When He was within the womb of Devaki,
the conception was divine. It’s described that there was no intercourse as we know it.
But Krishna simply appeared within the heart of Vasudev. From his heart, He entered
into his mind. From the mind of Vasudev, He was transferred to the mind of Devaki.
From the mind of Devaki, He was transferred into her heart, and from the heart, into
her womb. This is the divine conception. And when Devaki was bearing the child, Sri
Krishna, she was not suffering from labour pains like an ordinary woman. She became
effulgent, she became literally Vaikuntha. She became the abode of God. She was
effulgent, brilliant and full of joy.

Nama-sankirtan – the only sacrifice recommended in the age of kali:

We know, in the heavenly planets, the demigods, we read of what type of luxurious,
opulent surroundings they are residing within. This earthly planet, especially in this
age of Kali-yuga - in previous ages, this earthly planet was also full of great, great
beauty. But in Kali-yuga, it is described, the demigods practically will never come
down to this earth planet. It’s below their dignity. It’s such a corrupt, filthy and
dirty place compared to where they are living. It used to be, even in dwapara-yuga and
treta-yuga, when people were performing sacrifices, the yagnas, the demigods would all
come, personally, directly for everyone to see and partake of their shares. But in
this age of Kali-yuga, where do we find demigods coming to partake of their shares in
the sacrifices? We have seen Brahmins chanting their mantras, performing their
agnihotras and all these things. Have you seen any brahmas or indras or vayus or
suryas coming down and saying, ‘ah.. I will accept my portion.’? No. That is why,
these types of sacrifices are not recommended in the age of Kali. They will be
practically useless. The greatest use that they have is simply to maintain certain
traditions. But the substance is when the reciprocation takes place by the higher
powers. That is why, it is said, the only sacrifice recommended in the age of Kali-
yuga is the chanting of the holyname because Krishna is non-different than His name
and when you chant His name, He does appear through the sound vibration itself.

The transcendental nature of Krishna’s appearance in this world:

So, the demigods, they do not come to this world. Because they have such a better
world to live in. Such a beautiful, wonderful place. And we read about the types of
sacrifices that were performed by the great kings in previous ages, such as the
Rajasuya sacrifice. You have to be a multi-trillionaire to perform one of these
sacrifices. You have to create such an environment that the demigods would want to
come down; they would consider it better than their own abodes. But we don’t have that
kind of wealth. We don’t have that kind of purity to chant the mantras. But, Devaki
was just a simple woman living in a prison cell, in the darkness of the prison cell.
While she was there because Krishna was within her womb, her body became the kingdom
of God, became the spiritual abode of the Lord. And therefore, her body became so
beautiful, so lustrous, so effulgent that all the demigods, they all came in secret
disguised forms, into that prison cell, simply to have darshan, to see the beauty of
Devaki. And to worship the child within her womb. And this they did. And the demigods,
although materialistic people, since time immemorial, are offering their prayers. The
demigods, themselves, with folded hands are offering their loving devoted prayers to
the womb of Devaki. And through the nine months of Devaki’s pregnancy, it is not
mentioned that she was having any difficulty. She didn’t have to regularly see the
doctors to make sure everything is alright. She didn’t go through all sorts of
anxieties like a woman generally does when they are pregnant. She was simply joyful,
simply brilliant with light and love. And when it came the auspicious moment when
Krishna was to appear, how did He appear? In a most wonderful way. It’s not that He
was crammed through a small, little part opening and coming out crying, with, covered
by all sorts of after-birth and everything like that, crying, weeping. When Krishna
came out, He simply appeared from the inside out. He simply appeared in the sky above
them and He was decorated with beautiful garlands and beautiful jewels and beautiful
crowns and He appeared in His form of Narayan holding the conch, the lotus, the
chakra, the gada, the club. In this way, He was so beautiful casting His merciful
glance upon His mother and father, Devaki and Vasudev. Of course, we are not
criticizing or saying there is anything wrong with the way Krishna has arranged for
ordinary jivatmas to take birth in this world because it is Krishna’s plan. It is
also, we could see it is a very beautiful thing. How perfectly He has arranged
everything for a soul to enter into this world and take birth. But we must understand
the difference. When Krishna takes birth, it is something altogether different. Why
did He do this? To show, that even the greatest saints and sages, even the greatest
paramahamsas, when they come into this world, they come through the regular process of
birth. But when God Himself comes, who is the master, the creator of material energy,
He appears in a most wonderful way. Why? So that, when He performs His divine lila,
everyone will understand who He really is, if they so open their minds and hearts to
want to understand.

Krishna’s conversation with Vasudeva and Devaki, as a newborn:

So, Krishna appeared and of course, some ordinary child – how many months till he
learns how to talk? First tell me, how many months till a child learns how to walk? We
don’t have too many parents here, mostly brahmacharis but… Sacinandan, how many months
to.. to walk or talk? Ah.. very nice. So Krishna, the evening of His birth, not only
did He walk, He flew. How many children.. they can’t even, they cannot even crawl the
first day. First day, come out and they just lay there helplessly for so many weeks
and gradually they start crawling, and after so many months, almost a year, they start
walking with the help of their parents. And after some time, they start to talk. When
they start to talk, everyone thinks that they are chanting that person’s name, that
is, a mother thinks, when a child says, the mother says, ‘Oh! He is saying my name.
His first word was my name’ and the father says, ‘No.no. It’s my name.’ And the
brother says, ‘No. No. It’s my name.’ and the uncle says, ‘No. No. It’s my name.’
Usually, it’s none of their names, it’s just some sound. But in this way,
unintelligible talks. But Krishna, at the moment of His infancy, when He first came
out of the womb, He …… (26:30) into the sky and He spoke eloquent philosophy. He told
Vasudev and Devaki about their previous births and how they earned the right to become
His parents in this birth. ‘Previously I have appeared as your child many times. In
one birth, you were Kasyapa and Aditi and I appeared as your son VamanaDev. And in
other birth I appeared as your son Krishna ……… (27:06). Previously you both performed
great, great tapasya and austerities. What were their names.. Sutapa.. Krishna and
Sutapa.. Krishna and Sutapa. Previously in this life, you performed tens and thousands
of years of austerities in the forest. And you were only eating the leaves that were
falling from the trees and you were constantly immersed in remembering Me. And at that
time, there was a divine revelation and I appeared before you. And I asked, ‘Is there
any benediction you would like. I will grant the fulfillment of any of your desires.’
‘My dear Lord, we are so attracted by Your beautiful form. And as a husband and a
wife, we have a natural inclination for children. So please, we would like if You were
to become our child, born of our womb.’ So in this way, the Lord is appearing again
and again to fulfill the desire of His devotees.

Lord Krishna’s supremacy confirmed by His mother, Devaki herself:

So, at this moment, Lord Sri Krishna is explaining all of this to Vasudev and Devaki.
And after hearing the beautiful words of Sri Krishna, Vasudev and Devaki, they are
praying to the Lord. And Devaki is explaining, although she is the mother, she fully
recognizes His supreme position as the absolute truth, the personality of Godhead. She
is explaining here that ‘all the different Vedas are describing You and You alone.
Some describe You as the impersonal Brahman, Some as the all-pervading paramatma but
You, the personality of Godhead, Narayan, is the source of all of the various goals of
the Vedas and the rishis and the saints. You are the origin of the entire cosmic
manifestation. Everything is emanating from You. You are the Brahman, You are the
greatest of everything. You are full of effulgence like the sun. My dear Lord..’
Devaki, who is the mother, she is confirming that ‘You have no material cause. You are
not born because of Vasudev and myself. Simply by Your own independent freewill, You
have appeared out of Your mercy from my womb. You are free from change and deviation.
Everything in this world is in a constant flux of change. There are six
transformations that every living being must endure. First one is born, then one grows
for some time, then there is some duration, the production of offspring, then there is
dwindling and ultimately death. And nobody can avoid these six transformations,
however, powerful and great they may be. But, Krishna, You are transcendental, sat-
cit-ananda vigraha. For You, there is no change. You are not under the laws of karma.
You are not under the laws of time.’ It is a fact. When we become old, we are old. We
cannot stop, for very long, the aging process. Mystic yogis can do it for some time.
But ultimately, they are also devoured by the power of time.

Lord Krishna’s super-excellent power as an infant:

Srila Prabhupad would tell us that, ‘when Krishna was on the battlefield of
Kurukshetra, He was approximately a hundred and twenty years old. And yet, He never
looked like He was older than a sixteen year old youth. And when Krishna was just
born, He was an infant child. The great demoness Putana, when she came to kill Him, He
revealed His super excellent power. Killing her. She was more powerful than ten
thousand men. She was a monstrous rakshashi. There is no absolutely no one in this
entire world today that even has one one-thousandth the strength and power of Putana.
She could make her size something gigantic, she could reduce it to something very
young, slender and beautiful. She had such powers, such mystic potencies, such shakti.
No one has this power today. And yet, Krishna effortlessly killed her when He was an
infant little child. And He took this form of an infant little child on the request of
Devaki. When He went to Vrindavan and revealed the whole brahmanda, the entire
universe from the mouth of His small body; When He was seven years old, He lifted the
Govardhan hill, which is huge mountain. It takes all day to walk around it. Krishna
held it with the most insignificant weakest part of a human’s body, the little finger
of His left hand for seven days. This is Krishna. And when Krishna expanded Himself to
marry 16,108 wives, He was able to live with each and every one of them
simultaneously. Can anyone do this? This is God. This is Krishna.

Krishna didn’t ‘become’ God... Krishna is God:

So, when Krishna speaks Bhagavad-Gita, what gives Bhagavad-Gita the highest supreme
authority is that it is spoken historically by the supreme personality of Godhead, Sri
Krishna, Himself. Unless we understand Bhagavad-Gita... Prabhupada tells us in regard
to this particular commentator of the Gita, he said, ‘He was very scholarly. He was
very old. He was very advanced in many ways. But because he didn’t accept this
information by enquiring submissively from a bonafide disciplic line and a bonafide
spiritual master, his ideas were all his own concoctions. We must first understand who
is Krishna before we could truly understand the teachings of the Gita. He is the
supreme personality of Godhead. Bhagavad means God. Bhagavad-Gita is the song of the
absolute truth. The reservoir of all opulence, that is Krishna. So Devaki, she is
prophecizing in one sense from the very moment of Krishna’s advent in this world the
greatness that He will reveal to the world. She is putting on the record from the very
moment Krishna has appeared; we have seen He is the supreme Godhead. God never has to
‘become' God. This is another unfortunate idea, but many philosophers are teaching
that you are God and I am God, everything is God. If I am God, then why am I
suffering? Why am I growing old? Why do I get diseased? Why so many people overcome me
with their terrible activities? Why physical and mental pain comes upon me? If I am
God, the supreme controller of all controllers, why do I not always get my way? And
you are calling me God, ‘yes, of course, I want to be God, I want to believe you, I
want to surrender to you and become God, but why if I am God, I am like this?’
‘Ah..because, you have to ‘become’ God. You are God but just that you have forgotten.
By practicing my meditation, by taking this mantra, by performing this tapasya, by
giving me some donation, you will become God.’ Ah..! Very good. But Krishna is not
that type of God. And Devaki wanted to tell everybody what type of God Krishna is from
the very beginning. That at the very moment at His birth, He was God. This is His
lila. Srila Prabhupad really condemns the idea when materialistic people think that
their activities are lila. Ah.. ‘yes, I am God, but now, I am in this world. So many
problems are taking place, but actually this is all just my lila.’ I have heard this
in India, everyone is saying like this, such cheap nonsense. ‘Yes, yes, I got the
verse. This is my lila. I have AIDS or cancer, but this is my lila.’ Ah.. what kind of
lila? Krishna’s lila was completely within the bounds of His own intentions. He was
not subjected to anything. Abhignya swarat – He is fully independent and all-
cognizant. This is Krishna. This is divine lila.

Our heart is like a prison:

God never becomes God. God is always God. And therefore Krishna revealed Himself in
this way. But why? Is He an ego-maniac that He just wants to show everybody that ‘I
am the supreme.’ Some people said like that – God is such an ego-maniac. He is asking
us to be humble servants but why doesn’t He become a humble servant? He is ordering
all of us ‘you should just be the servant of the servant of the servant. But when He
comes, He appears like the supreme Godhead. Why is this? He is not doing it because He
‘needs’ our attention, He needs our praise. He appears in this most wonderful, divine
transcendental way because we need to understand in truth who He is. He appears for
our benefit. He has no purpose to fulfill, no desires to aspire for in this material
world. Paritranaya sadhunam vinasaya ca duskrtam – He appears in this world only for
the sake of attracting the conditioned souls back to Him. Why? For the eternal glory
and pleasure of us, Krishna is appearing. Therefore, by hearing these transcendental
pastimes, hearing them from the authoritative source of those who are truly dedicating
their lives in the service of the Lord, hearing submissively, then the true
realization not only understanding, but the realization of Krishna’s infinite nature
and His divine love is awakened within our hearts. Just as Krishna took birth 5000
years ago in the prison of Kamsa, our hearts in many ways are like a prison. Are they
not? In the liberated state, our heart is not a prison. But in the present situation,
our heart is like a prison and the bars and the walls of that prison are all of our
nefarious desires to selfishly lord it over material nature. That this prison of the
heart doesn’t need bars, made of steel. But lust or kama, material desires are the
bars within this prison and they are so powerful we have no desire to escape.

Krishna becomes the prisoner in the heart of His pure devotee:

The soul is eternal, full of knowledge and full of bliss but in a condition that we
are in now, we have to suffer the threefold miseries, so many anxieties in this world
and the so called pleasures, they never really satisfy us. We want ……… (41:38) but we
can’t get out, because our heart has become a prison house. The soul is longing for
freedom but it is bound by the shackles, the bars and the walls of material desires.
So this is one of the great reasons that Krishna decided to appear in the prison. But
even in the prison of our heart today, if we simply remember Krishna, we simply hear
His glories and chant His holy names – Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare
Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare, He will appear within the prison of our
own heart. But this is also another very glorious understanding because Krishna is
bound by love. He agrees to be the prisoner of those who love Him and serve Him with
devotion. Krishna becomes the prisoner in the heart of the pure devotee by His own
free will. He never leaves their heart. In this sense, the bars and the walls are
those of pure love and devotion and Krishna is so much overwhelmed and overcome by
those bars of love and devotion that He cannot escape. Just like Bilva Mangala Thakur,
when he was in Vrindavan, he was blind man. He was holding onto Sri Krishna and when
he learnt that, ‘This is actually my lord Sri Krishna’, he didn’t want to let Him go
and ……… (43:35) Krishna wanted to go away. And they were fighting in a very loving way
and finally Krishna escaped from his hands’ grasp and Bilva Mangala Thakur, he said,
‘ah.. my Lord, You may be able to get away from my hands but You can never escape my
heart. You can never go out of my heart. I imprisoned You within my heart. You cannot
escape.’ This is love. ‘Sadhavo hrdayam mahyam sadhunam hrdayam tvaham. The devotee
always keeps Krishna imprisoned within his heart. And Krishna always keeps the devotee
imprisoned within His heart - Prisoners of love. We are bound; we are shackled by the
power of the love of our beloved. This is bhakti and this is the process by which
Krishna takes birth within our lives. Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare
Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare. Is there any questions? Thank you very
much.

Question : (Not audible)

Answer: Krishna never takes birth. In this world, His taking birth is actually simply
His revealing Himself. The sun doesn’t take birth in the early morning. So, Krishna
is always existing within the heart of every living being. But the heart of the
conditioned soul is like midnight, is dark. Ah..why? Because due to our independent
will, we misused our false ego, has covered Krishna. Although He is there, has covered
Him. Factually, what is night from a scientific, astronomical point of view? What is
night? But why is there an absence of light? The sun is always there. But from what I
have understood from many years ago in school, of course, they may have changed their
theories and science since school. Science is very .. (the tape ended here).