Reasoning and Problem Solving

Step 1: Fact Families

National Curriculum Objectives:

Mathematics Year 2: (2C1) Recall and use addition and subtraction facts to 20 fluently,
and derive and use related facts up to 100
Mathematics Year 2: (2C3) Recognise and use the inverse relationship between addition
and subtraction and use this to check calculations and missing number problems

Differentiation:
Questions 1, 4 and 7 (Problem Solving)
Developing Find the possible fact families by completing the number sentences using the
given number cards. All possible combinations of numbers to 10, where the whole number
is given.
Expected Find the possible fact families by completing the number sentences using the
given number cards. All possible combinations of numbers to 20, where the whole number
is given.
Greater Depth Find the possible fact families by completing the number sentences using
the given number cards. All possible combinations of numbers to 20, whole number not
provided.

Questions 2, 5 and 8 (Problem Solving)

Developing Identify the fact family and write the number sentences using the images
provided. Within 10.
Expected Identify the fact family and write the number sentences using the images
provided. Within 20.
Greater Depth Identify the fact family and write the number sentences. No pictorial
support. Within 20.

Questions 3, 6 and 9 (Reasoning)

Developing Prove whether three given numbers can be used to write a fact family within
10, using tens frame to support.
Expected Prove whether three given numbers can be used to write a fact family within 20,
using tens frame to support.
Greater Depth Prove whether three given numbers in words can be used to write a fact
family within 20, using number lines to support.

More Year 2 Addition and Subtraction resources.

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Reasoning and Problem Solving – Fact Families – Teaching Information
 Fact Families Fact Families
1a. Use the number cards below to find 1b. Use the number cards below to find
two fact families. two fact families.

4 5 1 8 4 2 3 5

+ = 9 + = 7

9 – = 7 – =
Write all of the possible number Write all of the possible number
sentences. sentences.
D PS D PS

2a. Amy has collected 5 shells. Use the 2b. Bob has 6 sweets. Use the images to
images to write two addition number write two addition number sentences.
sentences.

Using the addition sentences, write the Using the addition sentences, write the
subtraction sentences that would subtraction sentences that would
complete the fact family. complete the fact family.
D PS D PS

3a. Ben says, 3b. Jon says,

I can use the numbers 9, 3 I can use the numbers 7, 3

and 6 to write a fact and 2 to write a fact
family for the 10 frame. family for the 10 frame.

Is he correct? Prove it. Is he correct? Prove it.

D R D R

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Reasoning and Problem Solving – Fact Families – Year 2 Developing
 Fact Families Fact Families
4a. Use the number cards below to find 4b. Use the number cards below to find
three fact families. three fact families.

5 8 9 4 6 10 3 4 9 5 8 7

+ = 14 + = 12

14 – = 12 – =
Write all of the possible number Write all of the possible number
sentences. sentences.
E PS E PS

5a. Paul has picked 13 flowers. Use the 5b. Seth has 11 balls. Use the images to
images to write two addition number write two addition number sentences.
sentences.

Using the addition sentences, write the Using the addition sentences, write the
subtraction sentences that would subtraction sentences that would
complete the fact family. complete the fact family.
E PS E PS

6a. Suzie says, 6b. Eric says,

I can use the numbers 15, I can use the numbers 13,
7 and 7 to write a fact 6 and 9 to write a fact
family for these 10 frames. family for these 10 frames.

Is she correct? Prove it. Is he correct? Prove it.

E R E R

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Reasoning and Problem Solving – Fact Families – Year 2 Expected
 Fact Families Fact Families
7a. Use the cards below to find three fact 7b. Use the cards below to find three fact
families. families.
seven nine twelve eight nine six fifteen fourteen

twelve thirteen three five ten four

+ = + =

– = – =
Write all of the possible number Write all of the possible number
sentences. sentences.
GD PS GD PS

8a. Mary has 2 jars of sweets. She has 18 8b. Gran has 2 tins of biscuits. She has 16
sweets altogether. Use the images to write biscuits altogether. Use the images to
two addition number sentences. write two addition number sentences.

SWEETS SWEETS BISCUITS BISCUITS

Using the addition sentences, write the Using the addition sentences, write the
subtraction sentences that would subtraction sentences that would
complete the fact family. complete the fact family.
GD PS GD PS

9a. Ava says, 9b. Finn says,

I can use the numbers 19, I can use the numbers 17,
5 and 6 to write a fact 8 and 9 to write a fact
family for the number line. family for the number line.

Is she correct? Prove it. Is he correct? Prove it.

GD R GD R

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Reasoning and Problem Solving – Fact Families – Year 2 Greater Depth
 Reasoning and Problem Solving Reasoning and Problem Solving
Fact Families Fact Families

Developing Developing
1a. Fact family using the numbers 9, 5 and 1b. Fact family using the numbers 7, 5 and
4. 2.
Fact family using the numbers 9, 8, 1. Fact family using the numbers 7, 4 and 3.
2a. 2 + 3 = 5; 3 + 2 = 5; 5 – 3 = 2; 5 – 2 = 3 2b. 2 + 4 = 6; 4 + 2 = 6; 6 – 4 = 2; 6 – 2 = 4
3a. Ben is correct because 3 + 6 = 9; 6 + 3 3b. Jon is incorrect. He should use the
= 9; 9 – 3 = 6 and 9 – 6 = 3. numbers 7, 4 and 3 to create a fact family.

Expected Expected
4a. Fact family using the numbers 14, 10 4b. Fact family using the numbers 12, 9
and 4. and 3.
Fact family using the numbers 14, 9 and 5. Fact family using the numbers 12, 7 and 5.
Fact family using the numbers 14, 8 and 6. Fact family using the numbers 12, 8 and 4.
5a. 5 + 8 = 13; 8 + 5 = 13; 13 – 5 = 8; 13 – 8 5b. 6 + 5 = 11; 5 + 6 = 11; 11 – 6 = 5; 11 – 5
=5 =6
6a. Suzie is incorrect. She should use the 6b. Eric is incorrect. He should use the
numbers 14, 7 and 7 to create a fact numbers 15, 9 and 6 to create a fact
family. family.

Greater Depth Greater Depth

7a. Possible sets of numbers: 7, 5 and 12; 7b. Possible sets of numbers: 4, 6 and 10 or
8, 4 and 12; 8, 7 and 15 or 8, 5 and 13. 6, 9 and 15.
Various answers, for example: 7 + 5 = 12; 5 Various answers, for example: 6 + 9 = 15;
+ 7 = 12; 12 – 5 = 7 or 12 – 7 = 5. 9 + 6 = 15; 15 – 9 = 6; 15 – 6 = 9
8a. Various answers, for example: 6 + 12 = 8b. Various answers, for example: 6 + 10 =
18; 12 + 6 = 18; 18 – 6 = 12; 18 – 12 = 6. 16; 10 + 6 = 16; 16 – 6 = 10; 16 – 10 = 6.
9a. Ava is incorrect. She should use the 9b. Finn is correct because 8 + 9 = 17.
numbers 11, 6 and 5 to create a fact
family.

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Reasoning and Problem Solving – Fact Families ANSWERS