*Define Autopsy

→ The word "Autos" means - self and "Opis" means - views.

So, literally meaning to see for oneself.
• Autopsy is defined as the detailed, elaborative, methodical, systemic, investigative
dissection study of a dead body.
Other name of Autopsy - Post mortem examination,
* classify Autopsy
1. The medicolegal autopsy (forensic Autopsy, Necropsy, Post mortem examination)
2. The clinical Autopsy or pathological autopsy - To determine the disease causing death
A Forensic pathologist performs it with the consent of the relatives of the deceased. There is
no need for any inquest report
Eg:
Findings of heart in case of death due to
→ covid 19 in italy
Clotted blood in coronary blood vessels
Anticoagulant was added then
* Objectives of medicolegal autopsy
1. To determine the cause of death
2. to determine the time of death
3, to find out manner of death, whether suicidal, homicidal on accidental.
4. To establish the identity when not known.
5, to ascertain how the injury occurs.
6. In case of newborn baby whether live born on dead born.

what are the informations you can furnish from a mutilated dead body on fragments?
Information we can furnish from a mutilated body are as follows -
1. Whether human on animal- In such cases definite opinion can be given by performing
precipitin test.
2. Whether one or more bodies - this is determined by fitting together all separate parts.
3. Sex
4. Аge
5. Stature- By studying long bones like humerus.
6. Identification of the dead body
7. Manner of separation of parts
8. Time since death
9. Cause of death:- By fracture of bones, bullet injuries in the skull, arsenic poisoning
10. Whether ante mortem or post a mortem.

Write short note on virtual autopsy.

It is a non-invasive technique of examining dead bodies to find out the cause of death. It
does not destroy some important evidences which may be destroyed in the usual autopsy. It
is a combination of CT & MRI imaging, CT image give informations about morbid anatomical
findings & MR imaging demonstrates soft tissue injury , organ trauma , state of blood
vessels, tissue & bones.
Write sn on psychological autopsy.
→ Psychological autopsy is a set of post mort investigative procedures that help ascertain
and evaluate the role that physical and psychological factors play in the death of a victim of
suicide, thus to determine the mannen of death to as high a degnee of certainty as possible.
It is performed usually by mental health workers.

Write short note on Negative autopsy

Definition: -When gross, microscopic examination, laboratory investigations & Toxicological
analysis fail to reveal the adequate cause of death, then the autopsy is called negative
autopsy.
About 2% to 5% of all the autopsies are negative autopsy.

Causes of Negative autopsy

1.Inadequate history.
2. Inadequete external examination of the dead body.
3. Inadequate internal examination of the dead body.
4.Insufficient laboratory examination.
5.Lack of Toxicological analysis.
6. Faulty technique.
7. Lack of training of the doctors.

Write short note on Obscure autopsy

Obscure autopsies are those autopsies which do not show a definite cause of death or in
which there are minimal or obscure findings.
Causes of obscure autopsy:-
1. Biochemical: -Uremia
2. Neurological disease:-Epilepsy.
3. Endrocrine disease: -Thyrotoxicosis, Diabetes mellitus.
4. Concealed trauma.
5. Poisoning.

Write short note on Exhumation

Definition: -Exhumation is defined as the lawful digging out of an already buried body from
the grave.
Objectives:-
1. When there is suspicion of foul play arises.
2. For identification purpose.
3.Suspected homicide disguised as suicide.
4.In Civil cases accidental death claim, insurance claim, compensation claim.

Who will prepare inquest report of

Exhumation?
Done by 1st class magistrate.

What are the pre requisites for medicolegal Autopsy?

1. Dead body
2.A mortuary.
3. Inquest report.
4. Chalan.
5.Death certificate. (If available) in case of hospital death
6. Identification by the escorting police constable.
7. Broad day light.(9-5pm)
8.Sufficient water supply.
9.Good ventilation.
10. Proper drainage system.
11.Well equipped instrument.
12.Disinfectants.

Give the pen picture of an ideal morgue house

An ideal morgue is nothing but a sophisticated operation theatre. As for example, Dhaka
medical College morgue house.

It comprises of the following

1. Dissect table
2. Well equipped instruments
3. Proper drainage system
4. Good ventilation
5. Gallery system
6. Disinfectants
The things written in the entry gate of DMC morgue house-
Let’s conversation cease, this is the place, where death delights to serve the living.

Define inquest, Classify inquest report-

Inquest is defined as the preliminary inquiry or investigation into the cases of sudden,
suspicious, or unnatural death to determine the cause of death, time of death & manner of
death.
Classification of inquest report -
1. Police inquest report:-Done by the police officer not below the rank of sub inspector
(S.I) of police.
2.Magistrates inquest report:-Done by 1st class magistrate.
3. Coroner's inquest report:-Done in Mumbai, India

What are the indications of magistrate's inquest?

1. Death in prison.
2.Death in police custody inside a police station.
3.Death in police van while under police custody.
4.Death in the hospital while in police custody.
5.Cross firing of police in a mob.
6. Exhumation.
7. When person is killed by an uniformed person like Army, BDR, Ansar.
8.In Dowry death.
9. in case of extra judicial killings.
What are the conditions when Police officer is devoured from doing an inquest report?
What are the differences between
Chalan & inquest report?

inquest report chalan

is prepared by handwriting is government printed tabulated form

Form no, 5371

signed by three witnesses no need for signature of the witness

brief history about the deceased no history of the deceased but with a
request to the authority to perform autopsy

What are the medicolegal systems prevailing all over the world?
1. The Medical examiner's system - In the
USA & Japan, Canada.*
2. The coroner's system - Mumbai, India.
3. The continental system - In this subcontinent namely Bangladesh, India, Pakistan.

What are the different parts of an

Autopsy report?
There are 3 parts of an Autopsy report -
1. The Preamble. (particles of the deceased)
2. The body of the report.
3. Conclusion.(opinion)

Write down the differences between medical legal autopsy and pathological autopsy

Traits medico legal autopsy pathological autopsy

inquest report must not necessary

external examination of the it has great importance it has little or no importance

dead body

internal examination often more simple matter is not simple as it

undertaken for the purpose
of studying changes that
result from disease

close, microscopic less frequently necessary always required from

examination investigation

Who performs Autopsy?

1. The Professors, Lecturers of Dept of Forensic Medicine of all the Government Medical
colleges.
2.By the RMO's (Resident Medical officer) of all the Dist Government hospital.
What are the incision given in a dead body during medicolegal Autopsy in the mortuary?
1.A transverse/coronal incision -- Is given in the scalp along the vertex extending from one
mastoid process to another mastoid process (ear to ear)
2.I-shaped incision - A longitudinal incision is given in the trunk extending from symphysis
menti to symphysis pubis encircling the umbilicus.
3. Gordon's & Princelaw incision (V shaped incision) - Is given in the neck where
pressurization of neck is suspected. That is in hanging & strangulation.

What are the conditions where authorized medical officer can refuse to hold the autopsy?
1.Absence of inquest report.
2. Absence of chalan.
3.Absence of Death certificate where available
4. Infectious diseases like AIDS.