IMAGE FORMATION AND
RAY DIAGRAMMING
(INVOLVING SPHERICAL MIRRORS)
MIRRORS &
IMAGES
MIRRORS
A reflective surface typically made of glass
that reflects a clear image.
Mirror forms a virtual image same distance as the object
in front of the mirror.
MIRRORS
A mirror uses the law
of reflection to
redirect the light it
receives.
The simplest form of
mirror is a
Plane Mirror.
A mirror with a A mirror with a
flat reflective surface. curved reflecting surface.
CONCAVE MIRROR CONVEX MIRROR
(CONVERGING MIRROR) (DIVERGING MIRROR)
reflective surface is reflective surface is
curved inward. curved outward.
PARTS OF A MIRROR
➢ (V) vertex - center part of the mirror.
➢ (C) center of curvature – the center of the sphere from
which the mirror is cut.
➢ (R) radius of curvature – radius of the sphere from which
the mirror is cut, distance from point C to V.
➢ (P) principal axis – a line passing through C, F and V.
➢ (F) focus – point that lies between point C and V.
➢ (f) focal length – distance from point F to V.
PARTS OF A
MIRROR
CONCAVE MIRROR
CONVEX MIRROR
CONCAVE MIRROR
(P) principal axis – a
line passing through
point C, F and V.
CONCAVE MIRROR
(V) vertex - center
part of the mirror.
V
CONCAVE MIRROR
(C) center of curvature
– the center of the
sphere from which
the mirror is cut.
C V
CONCAVE MIRROR
(F) focus – point
that lies between
point C and V.
C F V
CONCAVE MIRROR
(R) radius of curvature –
radius of the sphere from
which the mirror is cut,
R distance from point C to V.
C F V
CONCAVE MIRROR
(f) focal length
– distance from
point F to V.
R
C F V
f
CONVEX MIRROR
V F C
f
CONCAVE MIRROR
(Converging Mirror)
❑ the center of curvature and focus are in front of the mirror.
❑ the incident beam converge to the focus.
CONVEX MIRROR
(Diverging Mirror)
❑ the center of curvature and focus are at the back of the mirror.
❑ the incident beam diverge from its virtual focal point (focus)
behind the mirror.
RAY DIAGRAMMING
- an effective way of describing
the characteristics of the images
formed byconcave and convex
mirrors/lenses.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF AN IMAGE
TYPE OF
LOCATION ORIENTATION SIZE IMAGE
BEYOND C UPRIGHT ENLARGED REAL
AT C INVERTED REDUCED VIRTUAL
BETWEEN C & F SAME SIZE
AT F
BETWEEN F & V
REMEMBER:
Object Size: 0.5 inches
1 cm 1 cm
C F V
RAY DIAGRAMMING
(CONCAVE MIRROR)
Rule 1: A ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis,
after reflection passes through the focus.
Rule 2: A ray of light passing through the center of
curvature is reflected back along the same path.
Rule 3: A ray of light passing through the focus after
reflection becomes parallel to the principal axis.
RAY DIAGRAMMING
(CONVEX MIRROR)
Rule 1: A ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis,
after reflection it appears to be coming from the focus.
Rule 2: A ray of light going towards the center of curvature
of a convex mirror is reflected back along the same path.
LENSES
An optical device
which affects the
focusing of a light
ray through
refraction.
TYPES OF LENSES
CONCAVE LENS CONVEX LENS
(DIVERGING LENS) (CONVERGING LENS)
the edges are thicker the center is thicker
than the center. than the edges.
PARTS OF A CONVEX LENS
Object Size: 0.5 inches`
1 inch 1 inch 1 inch 1 inch
PARTS OF A CONCAVE LENS
Object Size: 0.5 inches
1 inch 1 inch 1 inch 1 inch
2F1 F1 F2 2F2
