Digital electronics
----------------------------------------------------------
Digital devices:
om
Digital devices are devices in which the potential or the voltage is either
low(zero) or high(one).No other values are possible in a digital circuit. A digital
signal is a sequence of pulses. the voltage is either 1 or 0 with no in-between
.c
levels.
es
Analogue devices:
In analogue circuits, the voltage at any point varies between the maximum and
rc
the minimum voltage of the power supply.
u
===============================================================
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w
www.smarteduhub.com 1
==============================================================
Logic gates:
==============================================================
om
OR GATE: An OR gate will give a high output if any of the inputs is high. For
example, in a simple lighting circuit with two switches in parallel the lamp will
light if either switch is pressed.
.c
SYMBOL TRUTH TABLE
es
A B Q
0 0 0
rc
0 1 1
1 0 1
u
1 1 1
so
===============================================================
re
AND GATE:An AND gate will give a high output only if all of the inputs are
high. For example, in a simple lighting circuit with two switches in series the
m
lamp will light only if both switches are pressed.
xa
SYMBOL TRUTH TABLE
te
A B Q
0 0 0
ar
0 1 0
1 0 0
m
1 1 1
.s
w
==============================================================
w
w
www.smarteduhub.com 2
==============================================================
NOT GATE :A NOT gate is slightly different because it has just one input.
It will give a high output if the input is low. This could be represented by a
simple lighting circuit with a push-to-break switch: if the switch is pressed
then the lamp will turn off. NOT gates are often used in emergency-stop
om
buttons on machine tools.
SYMBOL TRUTH TABLE
.c
es
A Q
0 1
rc
1 0
u
so
=============================================================
NAND GATE
re
SYMBOL TRUTH TABLE
m
A B Q
xa
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
te
1 1 0
ar
=============================================================
m
NOR GATE
SYMBOL TRUTH TABLE
.s
A B Q
w
0 0 1
0 1 0
w
1 0 0
w
1 1 0
==============================================================
www.smarteduhub.com 3
===============================================================
SIMPLE DIGITAL CIRCUITS COMBINING DIFFERENT LOGIC GATES
==============================================================
Some logic gates may have more than two inputs. The diagram below shows
a complex logic gate combining three simple gates.
om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
• Altogether there are three inputs and eight possible outcomes.
m
• To solve the truth table below, first find D, then E and finally Z.
• Complete a whole column before moving on to the next column.
xa
• D depends only on A, E depends on B and C, and Z depends on E or D.
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w
---------------------------------------------------------------
www.smarteduhub.com 4
=============================================================
om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You may try another combination in the space below.
.s
w
w
w
---------------------------------------------------------------
www.smarteduhub.com 5
=================================================================================
om
.c
es
rc
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Draw your predicted tructh table and see if if it matches the one show below.
u
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
=====================================================================================
w
w
www.smarteduhub.com 6
APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS:
--------------------------------------------------------------
om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
w
w
www.smarteduhub.com 7
---------------------------------------------------------------
om
.c
es
u rc
so
re
m
xa
te
ar
m
.s
w
---------------------------------------------------------------
w
w
www.smarteduhub.com 8
