Common Livestock Diseases
Diseases covered in lectures..
Cattle
•Viral Diseases
– Foot And Mouth Disease
– Bovine Ephemeral Fever
– Papillomatosis
•Bacterial Diseases
– Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
– Brucellosis
– Clostridial Infections
• Black Quarter/Black Leg
• Bacterial Diseases (continued..)
– Letospirosis
– Tuberculosis
– Anthrax
• Parasitic Diseases
– Toxocariasis
– Bovine Babesiosis
• Metabolic Diseases
– Hypocalcaemia(Milk Fever)
– Hypomagnesemia
Swine
– Classical Swine Fever
– Swine Erysipelas
•Poultry
– Infectious Bursal Diseases
– Newcastle Diseases
– Infectious Bronchitis
– Influenza
– Coccidiosis
– Salmonellosis
– Fowl Typhoid
– Colibacillosis
Foot and Mouth Disease
(Aphthous Fever)
• Highly infectious, acute viral disease
• All domesticated & wild cloven-hooved
animals are susceptible
• Death is rare in adult animals
• Reduces milk production………Economic
losses
Aetiology
• Aphthovirus (belonging to picornaviridae)
• Seven serotypes
A,O,C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3
• In Sri Lanka
– O & C ( Serotype O is more common)
Occurrence
• Endemic in most Asian and South
American countries
• Never reported in New Zealand
• Eradicated from Countries like USA,
Canada, Australia, Japan
Transmission
• Mainly by direct contact
• Movement of contaminated animal products
– Meat, Milk, Semen, Skin
• Vehicles/People (fingernails of animal
handlers)
• Veterinarians
• Wind (with high humidity and low T)
Route of Infection
• Mainly via respiratory tract, but oral route
is also possible
• Incubation period----- 2-10 days
Clinical Signs
• First Signs
– Dullness
– Depressed Animals
– Reduced appetite
– Fever,
– Marked drop in milk production
– Roughly granular areas on the tongue and
dental pad
…….. Clinical Signs
• Followed by,
– Profuse salivation with characteristic drooling of saliva
– Presence of vesicles (1-7 cm) in the nostrils, muzzle,
tongue, cheeks and lips
– Broken vesicles with tissues of epithelium
– Vesicles on the
• coronary band,
• interdigital cleft pain lameness
– In lactating cows vesicles on teats and udder
– In pregnant animals, sometimes…..abortions
– Young claves ---Death due to myocarditis
– Recovered animals from the disease are immune for
2-5 years for homologous strain
FMD
FMD
Diagnosis
• History
– Vaccination
– Endemic or not??
• Signs
• Lab diagnosis
– Vesicular fluid/epithelial fragments of ruptured
vesicles
– Stored in glycerol saline under 4 0C
Control
• Vaccination ( In developing countries)
– 1st Vaccine ---- 4 months of age
– 2nd Vac.-------- 5 months
– 3rd Vac.------- 7 months
– Booster annually
• Prevention of secondary infections
– CuSO4---oral lesions
– Stockholm tar-----foot lesions
• Vaccination programme should be coupled
with
– Restriction of movement of people, animals
and animal products
Case is
reported at
the centre
A B
Eradication- Slaughter??
Bovine Ephemeral fever
(Three-day Sickness,
Bovine Epizootic Fever)
• An arthropod borne disease
• Found in cattle and buffaloes
• Characterized by,
– Transient Fever
– Muscular pain
– Lameness
– …….And Rapid recovery
• Aetiology
– A Rhabdovirus
• Occurrence
– In tropical countries..Asia, Africa, ……and
Australia
– Morbidity-around 100% (If a epidemic)
– Mortality – 1-2 %
• Transmission
Mosquitoes Cullicoids
Signs
• Transient Fever
• Shivering
• Lacrimation
• Nasal Discharges
• Drooling of saliva
• Dyspnea
• Stiffness and lameness
• Sudden decrease in milk yield
• Inappetance
• Recumbency
• Treatment
– Complete rest
– Anti inflammatory drugs
• Control
– Insect control ????
– Vaccines (not available in SL)
Papillomatosis
• Aetiology
– Papovaviridae
• Papilloma virus
• Occurrence
– All domestic spp., Birds, Fish
– Cattle – Bovine Papillomatosis
– Transmitted by
• Direct contact
• Fomites
– Warts appear approx. 2 months after
exposure and may last about 1 year
Signs
• Cauliflower like growths (warts) developed
on the
– nose, lips, eyelids, heads, neck, abdomen,
udder, teats
• Definitive Diagnosis
– Done in a lab
• Sample---warts with viable tissues
• Treatment
– If no. of warts are less
• Surgical removal
• Remove some warts damage the skin Virus
in blood stream Immunity
• Implant some warts under the skin
– Heavy Infections
• Autovaccine (prepare the vaccine from tissues of
the same individual)
– Viable tissues VRI/VIC-Nupe
Control
• Isolate the animal
– Grazing
– Prevent the contact
• Handle at last
