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A 2/19/2024

Compression steel
(Asc)

h'
h
Horizontal steel
(Ahor)

Tension steel
(Ast) 1000 mm

Wall
(assumed symmetric)

RC WALL DESIGN (BS8110);WALL DESIGN TO CL 3.9.3

TEDDS calculation version 1.0.04

WALL DEFINITION
; Wall thickness; h = 300 mm

; Cover to tension reinforcement; cw = 40 mm

; Trial bar diameter; Dtry = 12 mm

Depth to tension steel

h' = h - cw - Dtry/2 = 254 mm

Materials

; Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2

; Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 32 N/mm2

BRACED WALL DESIGN TO CL 3.9.3 (MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION)

Stocky check for braced walls

; Wall clear height; lo = 3500 mm

; Effective height factor for braced walls;  = 1.00

; le =   lo = 3.500 m; le/h = 11.67

The braced wall is stocky
Braced wall slenderness check

Effective wall height; le = 3500 mm

Slenderness limit; llimit = 40  h = 12000 mm

Slenderness limit; llimit1 = 45  h = 13500 mm

Wall slenderness limit OK
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Define wall reinforcement

Main reinforcement in wall

;;
Provide 12 dia bars @ 150 centres; in each face
Area of "tension" steel; Ast = Asvert = 754 mm2/m

Area of compression steel; Asc = Ast = 754 mm2/m

Total area of steel ; Awall = Ast + Asc = 1508.0 mm2/m

;Percentage of steel; (Ast + Asc) / h = 0.50 %

HORIZONTAL WALL STEEL

; Wall thickness; h = 300 mm

;Area of vertical steel provided; Awall = 1508 mm2/m

Percentage of vertical steel; pvwall = Awall / h = 0.50 %

;Minimum diameter of horizontal steel; Dmin = max(Dvert/4 , 6 mm) = 6 mm

Minimum area of horizontal steel

; AHmin = If(fy>=(460 N/mm2),if(pvwall>2 %,0.13 %,0.25%),if(pvwall>2 %,0.24 %, 0.30 %))  h/2

AHmin =375 mm2/m

No containment links required
Define horizontal wall steel in one face;
Provide 12 dia bars @ 150 centres; in each face
Stocky wall (monolithic construction) - transverse bending and axial load
Design ultimate loading
; Design ultimate axial load per m of wall; nw = 32 kN/m
; Design ultimate transverse moment per m of wall; mw = 25 kNm/m
Minimum design moments

; mmin = min(0.05  h, 20 mm)  nw = 0.5 kNm/m

Design moments
mdesign = max(abs(mw ), mmin ) = 25.0 kNm/m

CHECK OF DESIGN FORCES - SYMMETRICALLY REINFORCED WALL SECTION

NOTES
; h is the wall thickness

; h' is the depth from the more highly compressed face to the "tension" steel.
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Tension steel yields

Determine correct moment of resistance

nR = if(xcalc<h/0.9, nR1 , nR2 ) = 294.6 kN/m

mR = if(xcalc<h/0.9, mR1 , mR2 ) = 108.4 kNm/m

Applied axial load

nw = 32.0 kN/m

Check for moment

; mdesign = 25.0 kNm/m

Moment check satisfied
;The wall vertical reinforcement defined in each face is X12 dia bars @ 150 centres

CHECK MIN AND MAX AREAS OF STEEL

; Overall thickness of wall; h = 300 mm

Vertical steel

Total area of concrete per m run of wall; Ac = h = 300000 mm2/m

Ast_min = 0.4%  Ac = 1200 mm2/m

Ast_max = 4 %  Ac = 12000 mm2/m

;Total vertical steel in wall; Awall = 1508 mm2/m

Area of vertical steel in wall provided OK
Horizontal steel

Percentage of vertical steel; pvwall = Awall / h = 0.50 %

;Diameter of horizontal steel; Dhor = 12 mm

;Minimum diameter of horizontal steel; Dmin = max(Dvert/4,6 mm) = 6 mm

Diameter of horizontal steel in wall OK
;Area of horizontal steel in one face; Ashor = 754 mm2/m

Minimum area of horizontal steel

; AHmin = If(fy>=(460 N/mm2),if(pvwall>2 %,0.13 %,0.25%),if(pvwall>2 %,0.24,0.30 %))  h/2

AHmin =375 mm2/m

Area of horizontal steel in wall provided OK

Shear Resistance of Concrete Walls - (cl 3.8.4.6)

; Wall thickness; h = 300 mm
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; Effective depth to steel; h' = 254 mm

Area of concrete; Aconc = h = 300000 mm2/m

; Design ultimate shear force through thickness per m of wall; vw = 15 kN/m
; Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 32 N/mm2
Is a check required? (3.8.4.6)
; Axial load per m of wall; nw = 32.0 kN/m
; Major axis moment per m of wall; mw = 25.0 kNm/m
e = mw / nw = 781.3 mm

elimit = 0.6  h = 180.0 mm

Actual shear stress; vx = vw / h' = 0.1 N/mm2

Allowable stress; vallowable = min ((0.8 N1/2/mm)  (fcu ), 5 N/mm2 ) = 4.525 N/mm2

Shear check required

Design shear stress to clause 3.4.5.12

; fcu_ratio = if (fcu > 40 N/mm2 , 40/25 , fcu/(25 N/mm2)) = 1.280
Design concrete shear stress

;; vc = 0.79 N/mm2  min(3,100  Ast / h')1/3  max(1,(400 mm) / h')1/4 / 1.25 * fcu_ratio1/3
; vc = 0.513 N/mm2

;;; vc' = vc + 0.6  nw / h  min( abs(vw)  h / mw, 1.0) = 0.5 N/mm2

;vallowable = min ((0.8 N1/2/mm)  (fcu ), vc' , 5 N/mm2 ) = 0.524 N/mm2

Actual shear stress
vx = 0.1 N/mm2

Shear reinforcement not

necessarily required in wall

Shear stress - OK

Check of nominal cover - (BS8110:Pt 1, Table 3.4)

; Wall thickness; h = 300 mm
; Depth to tension steel from compression face; h' = 254 mm

; Diameter of vertical reinforcement; Dvert = 12 mm

; Diameter of links; Ldia = 12 mm
Cover to tension reinforcement
cten = h - h' - Dvert / 2 = 40.0 mm
Nominal cover to links steel
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cnom = cten - Ldia = 28.0 mm

Permissable minimum nominal cover to all reinforcement (Table 3.4)
; cmin = 40 mm

Cover insufficient - FAIL

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - CRACKING IN WALLS

(BS8110:Pt 2, Cl. 3.8 & BS8007 Cl 2.6 & Appendix B)

Design serviceability loading

For a conservative assessment of crack widths, the axial compression and the compression reinforcement in the wall will be
ignored.

; Serviceability transverse moment per m of wall; mSLS = 12 kNm/m

; Wall thickness; h = 300 mm

; Depth to steel; h' = 254 mm

; Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 32 N/mm2

; Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2

BS8110:Pt 1:Table 3.1

; Diameter of wall vertical reinforcement; Dvert = 12 mm

; Spacing of vertical reinforcement bars; svert = 150 mm

Area of vertical reinforcement in one face; Ast =   Dvert2 /4 / svert = 754 mm2/m

Effective depth to tension reinforcement

h' = 254.0 mm

Cover to tension reinforcement

cten = h - h' - Dvert/2 = 40 mm

Nominal cover to tension reinforcement

cnom = cten = 40.0 mm

Tension bar centres

barcrs = svert = 150.0 mm

MODULAR RATIO
Modulus of elasticity for reinforcement; Es = 200 kN/mm2
BS8110:Pt 1:Cl 2.5.4

Modulus of elasticity for concrete (half the instanteneous)

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Ec = ((20 kN/mm2) + 200fcu) / 2 = 13 kN/mm2

BS8110:Pt 2:Equation 17

Modular ratio; m = Es / Ec = 15.152

NEUTRAL AXIS POSITION

For equilibrium; Fst equates Fc

Therefore: m  Ast  [ fc(h'-x)/x ] equates to 0.5  fc  x

Solving for x gives the position of the neutral axis in the section:-

x = h'  [ -1EsAst/(Ech') + ( EsAst/(Ech')  (2+EsAst/(Ech')))] = 65.6 mm

Depth of concrete in compression

x = 65.6 mm

CONCRETE AND STEEL STRESSES

The serviceability limit state moment per m of wall; mSLS = 12 kNm/m

Taking moments about the centreline of the reinforcement:-

Moment of resistance of concrete is 0.5  fc  x  (h' - x/3)

Solving for concrete stress fc gives;

fc = 2  mSLS / ( x  (h' - x/3)) = 1.58 N/mm2

Allowable stress; 0.45  fcu = 14.40 N/mm2

Concrete stress OK
Taking moments about the centre of action of the concrete force:-

Moment of resistance of steel is fst  As  (h' - x/3)

Solving for steel stress fst gives;

fst = mSLS / ( Ast  (h' - x/3)) = 68.56 N/mm2

CONCRETE AND STEEL STRAINS

Strain in the reinforcement

s = fst / Es = 342.810-6

Allowable steel strain; 0.8  fy / Es = 1.84010-3

Steel strain OK
BS8007:App B.4

Strain in the concrete at the level at which crack width is required

Level of crack; a' = h = 300 mm

1 = s  (a' - x)/(h' - x) = 426.510-6

Strain in the concrete at the level at which crack width is required adjusted for stiffening of the concrete tension zone
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; Allowable crack width; CrackAllowable = 0.1 mm

BS8007:Cl 2.2.3.3

Factor for stiffening based on limiting crack width

factor = if(CrackAllowable == (0.2 mm), (1.0 N/mm2), (1.5 N/mm2)) = 1 N/mm2

εm = min( ε1 ,max(0, ε1 - [ factor × (h - x) × (a' - x) / (3×Es× Ast ×(h' - x))])) = 0.0000

BS8007:Cl 2.2.3.3

Distance from tension bar to crack in tension face between tension bars

acr =  ( (barcrs/2)2 + (cnom + Dvert/2)2) - Dvert/2 = 82.0 mm

Design crack width

Crackdesign = 3  acr  m /(1 + 2(acr - cten)/(h - x)) = 0.000 mm

BS8007:App B.3

Max allowable crack width

CrackAllowable = 0.10 mm
BS8007:Cl 2.2.3.3
Design Crack width OK

;
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