ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
4.4 Code Provisions Design Of Steel Roof Truss
Example:5
Design a steel roof truss to suit the following data,
Span of the truss = 12m
Type of truss = pan type
Roof cover = Galvanization corrugated (GC) sheeting
Materials = Rolled steel angles
Spacing of roof truss = 5 m
Wind pressure =1KN/m^2
Draw the elevation of the roof truss and the details of joints.
Solution:
Step:1 Dimension of truss
Central rise = span/4
=12/4
= 3m
Purlins are provided at intervals of 1.863m on the principal rafter
Step:2 Dead loads
Self weight of GC sheeting per purlin at 0.18KN/m^2
= 0.18 x 1.863
= 0.335 KNm
Self weight of purlin at 0.1KN/m
= 0.10 KN/m
Total dead load = 0.435KN/m
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Step:3 Live loads
Slope of the truss = 26֯ 34`
Live load of the truss
= 0.75 – (10x0.01 + 6.5x0.02)
= 0.52 KN/m^2
Live load per purlin per metre
= 0.52x1.836xcos 26֯ 34`
= 0.87KN
Step:4 Wind loads
F = ( Cpe – Cpi )A pd
Cpe = external pressure coefficient
Cpi = internal pressure coefficient
A = Surface area of structural element or cladding unit
pd = design wind pressure
Slopping angle ,
Ө = 26֯ 34`
Cpe = -0.7
Cpi = 0.2
F = (-0.7 – 0.2)pd
= -0.9 pd
=-0.9x1
= -0.9 Kn/m^2
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Maximum wind load per purlin per metre
= (-0.9x1.863xcos26֯ 34`)
= 1.5 KN
Step:5 Design of purlin
For continuous purlin, the max factored bending moment and shear force
are computed as follow,
M = (1.5x1.305x5^2)/10
= 4.89 KNm
V = (1.5x1.305x5)/2
= 4.9 KN
Adopt ISA 100x75x8mm having section properties given below,
Zx = (4.38x10^4)mm^3
D = 100mm
b = 75mm
t = 8mm
IS 800:2007 clause 3.7,
(a) Check for section classification is done by computed the rations,
(b/t) =75/8
= 9.37<9.4
Hence the section considered as plastic .
(b) Check for shear capacity
Av = 100X8
= 800mm^2
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clause 8.4.1,
( Av fy w/√3 γmo) = (800x250)/(√3x1.10x10^3)
= 105 KN >4.9 KN
The shear capacity of the section is very large compared to the applied shear
force.
(c) Check for moment capacity
Md = (ẞb Zx fy )/γmo
= (1x4.38x10^4x250)/(1.1x10^6)
Md = 9.95 KNm > 4.89 KNm
Step:7 Load on truss
(a) Dead load
Slopping length of rafter,
AD = √(5^2+2.5^2)
= 5.59m
Spacing of trusses = 5m c/c
Weight of GC sheeting on half truss ( plan area ) at 0.18 KN/m^2
= 5x5x0.18
= 4.5 KN
Weight of purlins (4nos) at 0.10 KN/m
= 4x0.1x5
= 2 KN
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Self weight of roof truss = (span/300)+0.05
= (10/300)+0.05
= 0.083 KN/m^2
Weight of half roof truss = 0.083 x5 x5
= 2.075 KN
჻ Total load on half truss = 4.5+2+2.075
= 8.57 KN
Dead load on intermediate- panel point
= 8.57/3
= 2.85 KN
Dead load on end panel point
= 2.85/2
= 1.425 KN
(b) Live loads
Live load on half truss = 0.52 x5 x 5
= 13 KN
Live load on intermediate panel point
= 13/3
= 4.3 KN
Live load on end panel point
= 4.3/2
= 2.15KN
CE8703 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DRAWING
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© Wind loads
Maximum wind load acting perpendicular to the sloping surface
=- 0.9x5x5.59
= -25.155KN
Wind load on intermediate- panel point
= -(25.155/3)
= -8.38 KN
Wind load on end panel point
= -(8.38/2)
= 4.19 KN
Step:8 Design of truss members
(a) Members AB, BC, CD
Maximum service load compressive force
= 36.17 KN
Maximum factored compressive force
= 1.5x36.17
= 54.25 KN
Maximum service load tensile force
= 22.95 KN
Maximum factored tensile force
= 1.5x22.95
= 34.42 KN
Length (L) = 1.863m
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Effective length (KL) = 1.304m
Try two angle ISA 50x50x6mm placed back to back
Area (A) = 1136mm
Minimum radius of gyration
(γmin) = 15.1mm
Slenderness ratio = (KL/γmin)
= 1304/15.1
= 86.3 < 180
Stress reduction factor x for column buckling class (c) corresponding to the
slenderness
ratio 86.3 and fy = 250 N/mm^2
x = 0.56
჻Design compressive stress is computed as,
Fcd = x fy/γmo
=( 0.56x250)/1.25
= 112 N/mm^2
Design compressive force is given by,
Pd =[A fcd]
= (1136x112)/1000
= 127 KN > 54.25 KN
(b) Member DE
Maximum service load tension
= 12.83 KN
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Maximum factored load tension
= 1.5x12.83
= 19.24 KN
Maximum service load compression
= 9.57 KN
Maximum factored load compression
= 1.5x9.57
= 14.35 KN
Effective length = 3m
Try a single angle ISA 50x50x5mm connected by 6mm thick gusset plate the
junction with
two bolts of 16mm at 50mm.
Gross area (A) = 479mm^2
γmin = 15.2mm
Using 16mm dia bolts,
Anc = [50-18]5
=160mm^2
Ago = [50-5]5
= 225mm^2
Ag = 479mm^2
(a) Strength governed by rupture of critical section
Tdn = [0.9 Anc fy/γmi] + [ẞ Ago fy/γmo]
where, ẞ = 1.4 – 0.076(w/t)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc)
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= 1.4 – 0.076(50/5)(250/410)(50+25/50)
ẞ =0.70
Tdn = [0.9x160x410/1.25]+[0.7x225x250/1.10]x10^3
= 83.02 KN
= T₀
(b) Strength governed by yielding of gross section
Tdg = Ag fy / γmo
= (470x250x10^3)/1.10
= 108.8KN
(c) Strength governed by block shear
Avg = 5[50+50]
= 500mm^2
Avn = 5[50+50]- [1.5x18]
= 473mm^2
Atg = [5x25]
= 125mm^2
Atn = [(5x25)-(0.5x18)]
= 116mm^2
The block shear strength is the smaller of the value of Tdb1 and Tdb2 as
computed using
the equation given below,
Tdb1 = [Avg fy / √3γmo]+[0.9 Atn fu/γmi]
= [(500x250)/(√3x1.1) + (0.9x116x410)/1.25] x 10^-3
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= 99.92 KN
Tdb2 = [0.9 Avn fu/√3 γmi]+[Atg fy/γmo]
= [(0.9x473x410)/(√3x1.25) + (125x250)/1.10] x 10^3
= 109.12 KN
Hence, Tdb = 109.12 KN
The design shear strength is the least of the three value computed under (a)(b)(c) ,
which are 108.8 KN, 83.02KN, 109.12KN.
The design tensile strength of angle
= 83.02KN > 19.24 KN
(C) Member BC ,EB
Service load compressive force
= 6.95KN
Factored compressive force
= 1.5 X 6.95
= 10.42 KN
Service load tensile force
= 6.38 KN
Factored tensile force = 1.5x6.38
= 9.57KN
Effective length (kL) = 0.7x1.6
= 1.12m
Use minimum size angle ISA 50x50x5mm,
Area (A) = 479mm^2
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γmin = 9.7mm
Slenderness ratio ( λ) = 1120/9.7
= 115
The stress reduction factor x corresponding to
fy =250N/mm^2 and
λ = 115
x = 0.39
Design compressive stress is computed as,
fcd = x fy/γmo
= (0.39x250)/1.25
= 78 N/mm^2
Design compressive force is given by ,
Pd = A fcd
= [479x78]/1000
= 37.36KN > 10.42KN
(d) Member EA and EF
Max service load tension
= 32.21 KN
Factored tension = 1.5 x32.21
= 748.31 KN
Max service load compression
= 18.84 KN
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Factored compression
= 1.5x18.84
= 28.26 KN
Length of member = 3.33m
Effective length (kL) = 0.7x3.33
=2.331m
Try minimum two angle ISA 50x50x6mm connect by guesst plate 6mm thick
with two 16mm dia bolts spaced at 50mm
Area (A) = 2x598
= 113.6mm^2
γmin = 15.1mm
i) Design strength due to yielding of cross section ,
Tdj = Ag fy /γmo
=[ (1136+250)/1.10]x10^-3
= 258 KN
(d) Member EA and EF
Max service load tension
= 32.21 KN
Factored tension = 1.5 x32.21
= 748.31 KN
Max service load compression
= 18.84 KN
CE8703 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DRAWING
ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Factored compression = 1.5x18.84
= 28.26 KN
Length of member = 3.33m
Effective length (kL) = 0.7x3.33
=2.331m
Try minimum two angle ISA 50x50x6mm connect by guesst plate 6mm thick
with two 16mm dia bolts spaced at 50mm
Area (A) = 2x598
= 113.6mm^2
γmin = 15.1mm
i) Design strength due to yielding of cross section ,
Tdj = Ag fy /γmo
=[ (1136+250)/1.10]x10^-3
= 258 KN
ii) Design strength governed by tearing at net section,
Tdn = α An fu/γmi
Assume a single line of 16mm dia bolts of two number spaced 50mm apart x=0.6
An = [(50-18)(6x2)]
= 384mm^2
Tdn = [(0.6x384x410)/1.25] x 10^-3
= 75.5KN > 48.31KN
Hence, the angle section designed for the truss can safely resist the factored loads.
CE8703 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DRAWING
