“The Effects of Different Levels using Urea fertilizer on Growth

Development of Pechay- (Brassica napus L.)”

An undergraduate study
submitted to the institute of technology
DAVAO ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY- Cateel campus
in partial fulfillment of the requirements in the subject cropsci 2 horticultural crops
production and management

Presented by

Russel C. Taplac

BAT 2

Presented to

Mr. Richard Maravillas

Instructor

SEPTEMBER 2021
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The agriculture sector is deemed unsustainable by various studies as the main focus
of the current development agenda is feeding the ever-expanding population. It loses sight
of the negative environmental consequences it creates, particularly on soil health. Land use
is optimized through technologies and management practices that fall short of requirements
for sustainability. The current practice in agriculture is basically chemical-based farming that
makes a considerable contribution to the degradation of our natural resources especially
soils. Heavy application of fertilizers has polluted surface and groundwater resources (dela
Cruz, 2006).

Growing vegetables has been a practice for centuries in civilized countries.

Vegetables are a very important food commodity. Aside from playing a major role in meeting
our vitamin, mineral and protein requirements, they also serve as a reliable source of income
of farmers (Chauburg, 1984 as cited by Torrefiel, 2006). The income derived from growing
vegetables is relatively higher than other crops, because growers can produce more crops
from a small area in a very short period of time.

Pechay (Brassica napus L.) belongs to the Brassiceae family and one of the most
known vegetables in the Philippines. It is also known as one of the oldest green vegetables
in Asia. It therefore plays an important role in the Philippine economy as well as in the
nutrition of the Filipino people. Pechay is used mainly for its immature, but fully expanded
tender leaves. The succulent petioles are often the preferred part. It is used as main
ingredient for soup and stir-fried dishes. In Chinese cuisine, its green petioles and leaves are
also used as garnish (http://www.darfu4b.da.gov.ph/pechay.html).

Fertilizer application using either inorganic or organic fertilizer sources is one of the
most common cultural management practices in vegetable production. According to Lampkin
(1990) as cited by Masarirambi, (2010) that the commercial and subsistence farming has
been and is still relying on the use of inorganic fertilizers for growing crops. This is because
they are easy to use, quickly absorbed and utilized by crops. However, these fertilizers are
believed to contribute substantially to human, animal food intoxication and environmental
instability or degradation (Masarirambi, 2010).

Inorganic fertilizers are the most common fertilizers used by the farmers. However,
its use incurs a high cost and its supply is sometimes limited that many farmers now are still
adapting the idea of using organic fertilizers no matter how long and laborious is the
preparation. Brady (1974) reported that organic matter increases the cation exchange
capacity of the soil. Aside from its ability to supply nutrients, organic fertilizers are also
capable of improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil which could
significantly improve the growth and development of plants.

Among the potential sources of organic fertilizers is compost. Composts are a form of
organic fertilizer; they are considered low-analysis fertilizers because they contain about 1%
N and P and their organic nitrogen mineralization rate is about 10% (Sikora and Enkiri, 2001
as cited by Espiritu, 2011). Organic fertilizer has been defined as any product of plant and/or
animal origin that has undergone.

There is increased demand of organically produced vegetables in view of its health

and nutritional benefits. There is paucity of information on the use of inorganic fertilizers for
vegetable production and therefore this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels
of Urea fertilizer as a source of inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield performance of
pechay.

A. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To evaluate the growth development of pechay using different level of

inorganic fertilizer.

Specific objectives of the study:

1. To determine the growth development using the different level of urea
fertilizer does pechay performs better.
2. To determine growth parameter that include: size of plant’s height, length

of leaves, width of leaves and stalk diameter.

B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Today’s number, one problem we are facing into is the climate change. Our

farmers are very much affected generally those farmers whose field is in rising of

different crops.

The study is about to answer the ways on how to effectively conserve soil

moisture in plants.
 For all the farmers using urea, it gives and contributes many great

advantages. It conserves soil moisture which means frequent watering is not

necessary anymore. Using mulch also helps prevent the growth of weeds as well as

soil erosion. The use of mulch will effectively help the problem of the farmers during

hot season.

The locality of Cateel, Davao Oriental is having poor producers of tomato,

because they still need to import commodities coming from other provinces or cities.

In this, our consumers were totally affected in terms of quality and prize. On the

other hand, if the locality would have effective and efficient producers to supply the

needs of the people, then it would be a big advantage to the consumers.

C. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study will be conducted to evaluate the growth performance of tomato

using different types of mulching materials. This study is to determine how the

growth of tomato respond to the different mulching materials.

D. EXPECTED OUTPUT

Among all the treatments to be used in the study black plastic polyethylene is

most expected to give a good response in terms of growth and yield performance of

tomato. According to (Emmert, 1957) the use of black plastic polyethylene mulch has

cause large increases in growth and yields for variety of crops, including tomato.

In addition, according to (W. Terry Kelley 2011-2012) by using of plastic

mulch it promotes earliness maturity and harvest of crop. It reduces weeds pressure,

and conserves soil moisture and fertilizer.

E. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
 The study will be using plastic polyethylene as one of mulching materials. This

to help the soil to conserve more water since the study will be conducted during hot

season to also test how effectively it affects the growth performance of tomato.

According to (Emmert, 1957) since 1950’s, polyethylene mulches have been used to

enhance production of vegetable crops.

The study will be using banana residues as plant’s mulch. This is to know how

the growth of tomato will perform using organic mulch to have a comparison with the

growth performance of plant mulched by using plastic or synthetic mulch from other

and following treatments. According to (Zagaroza 2003) the effectiveness of organic

mulch matters on how thick the application from the soil surface.

The study will be using rice straw another organic mulch use to be compared

with every other treatments. This is to find out how different will be the growth

performance of tomato dealing with the two different organic mulching materials and

with the synthetic or plastic mulch. According to (Sajjapongese et. al. 1989) using

rice straw as mulch increases the yield of tomato by up to 15%.

(Y) Independent Variable The study will not be using any mulching

materials. Only tomato alone with the soil, this will

Different types of mulch be used as control in the experiment. This is to

materials
find out how significantly different the growth

performance of tomato with and without mulch.

Black plastic polyethylene

Banana residues

Rice straw
 (X) Dependent

Variable

GROWTH PERFORMANCE

OF TOMATO (Solanum

lycopersicum) USING

DIFFERENT TYPES OF

MULCHING MATERIALS

Fig. 1 – Conceptual Diagram

CHAPTER 2
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Pechay as a Crop

` Pechay (Brassica rapa L. cv group Pak Choi) is an erect, biennial herb, cultivated as an annual
about 15-30 cm tall in vegetative stage. Ovate leaves are arranged spirally and spreading. The
petioles are enlarged and grow upright forming a subcylindrical bundle. Inflorescence is a raceme
with pale yellow flowers. Seeds are 1 mm in diameter and are reddish to blackish brown in color.

Pechay has many soft, thin, light green, broad to oblong ovate leaves. These are arrange
spirally and spreading. Pechay are favorites by most Oriental people for it is always available in the
market anytime of the year. It is also an important Constituents of Filipino food such as “puchero”
and “nilaga”. It is a green leafy vegetable rich in calcium and other essential nutrients. Its nutritional
values are as follows.

Nutrients Amount

water 93.0
Protein 1.7 g
Fat 0.2 g
Carbohydrates 3.1 g
Fiber 0.7 g
Ash 0.8 g
B-Carotene 2.3 g
Vitamin C 53.0 mg
Calcium 102.0 mg
Phosphorus 46.0 mg
Iron 2.6 mg
Energy Value 86.0 kJ
CHAPTER 3
 METHODOLOGY

This chapter absolutely discusses the methods of planting long beans.

SOIL AND CLIMATE

Pechay can be grow from mid to low elevations throughout the year but makes their best
growth and good quality produced are in cool conditions. However, during the dry season it can be
grown with good irrigation in a sandy to clay loam type of soil with a pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5

CHOOSING THE SEEDS

One thing to remember when choosing seeds for this particular vegetable is that the
chosen variety should be productive, acclimatized, resilient against pests and diseases, as
well as in-demand in the market.

LAND PREPARATION

Plowing and harrowing the soil thoroughly makes it more friable and more porous suited for
good quality produce. Raised beds 1 meter wide with paths of about 20-25 cm width between the
beds are a common practice.

PLANTING

Pechay can be planted directly or indirectly in the soil. Direct seeding is carried out by
broadcasting or by sowing in rows. Cover the seeds to a depth of about 1 cm by raking or spreading
additional top soil. Water is immediately after sowing. Plant spacing should be 10 cm between plants
and 20 cm between rows. Sown seed can be transplanted 15 days after sowing

WATERING

The amount and frequency of watering depends on the soil where the sitaw is
planted. If planted in loose soil, it requires regular watering and even the establishment of a
canal system.

CARING FOR THE PLANT

I remove any unwanted grass during the first 30 days after planting to keep the sitaw
from competing with each other for sunlight and nutrition in the soil.

MANAGEMENT AGAINST PESTS AND DISEASES

Bush and pole sitaw are commonly attacked by pests such as cutworms, bean fly,
aphids, and pod borers. During the third to tenth day after its germination, I observed that
there are any bean flies present.
 When it comes to diseases, sitaw usually experiences fusarium wilt, root and stem
rot, bean rust, bean mosaic, and powdery mildew. To keep sitaw from being plagued by
these pests and diseases, I applied crop rotation, cleaning the area around the plant, and
planting seeds that are pest and disease tolerant.

FERTILIZER

I preferred to apply urea fertilizer as its has a highest amount of nitrogen content that
enhance the productivity of the soil and enrich its nutrient constituency by providing each
plant with relevant elements as needed the long beans to sustain its growth stage.
References

ERLINDA F. JIMENEZ/ JULIANA S. MARIANO/MYRNA J. FERRER/ VERENA DE

LEONhttp://bpi.da.gov.ph/bpi/images/Production_guide/pdf/PECHAY%20.pdf