Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

LSPU Self-paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course GEC 105 – Purposive Communication
Sem/AY Second Semester/2023-2024
Module No. 1
Lesson Title Language and Communication; Types of Communication; Communication Processes,
Principles, and Ethics
Week
3
Duration
Date February 5-23, 2024
This lesson will discuss language and communication so students can demonstrate an
Description understanding of its nature, elements, and functions of verbal and nonverbal
of the communication. It will also provide activities and exercises related to students' personal
Lesson experience with the input presented as they finish the entire module. Also, this lesson
will discuss communication types to demonstrate knowledge about the role of language
in human communication and provide activities and exercises that will explain different
communication types in various communication settings. Lastly, the four conceptual
methods will be discussed by demonstrating each component of the model in class and
the principles of effective communication or oral communication for both verbal and
written forms.

Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning ● Interpret the nature, elements, and functions of verbal and non-verbal
Outcomes communication in various multicultural contexts through poster making.
● Present the functions of verbal and non-verbal communication.
● Present the different types of communication in various and multicultural
contexts.
● Analyze unethical situations using higher-order thinking skills.

Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Objectives ● Interpret the nature, elements, and functions of verbal and non-verbal
communication in various and multicultural contexts; and identify the functions
of verbal and non-verbal communication
● Identify the types of communication according to communication mode, context,
and purpose, and style; differentiate verbal, non-verbal, and visual
communication and their sub-forms about communication modes; evaluate the
differences among intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended, organizational, and
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

intercultural communication concerning communication context; and explain

the differences between formal and informal communication about purpose and
style.
● Identify the essentials of the code of ethics which determine the kind of
behavior; enumerate the five principles of effective oral communication; and
discuss how one model differs from one another.

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend a one and a half hour class discussion on
Language and Communication; Types of Communication;
Asynchronous) Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics; Forms of
Communication. To have access to the Online Discussion, refer to this
link: ____________________.

The online discussion will happen on February 5-23, 2024, from

__________________.

(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)

B. Learning Guide Questions:

1. What is language?
2. What are the elements of language? Define each
3. How do language acquisition and language learning different from each
other?
4. How do first language and second language different from each other?
5. What are the functions of verbal and nonverbal communication?
6. Differentiate the types of communication concerning communication
mode?
7. What are the types of communication according to context?
8. Cite situations in which you can apply the four approaches? Give one
advantage and disadvantage of each.
9. What are the communication models?
10. How do models of communication differ from one another?
11. How do principles of effective oral communication differ from effective
written communication? Or, do they have similarities?
12. How can you achieve ethical communication?
13. Is it important to have a code of conduct or a code of ethics? If yes, why?
If no, why not?

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Note: The insight that you will post on the online discussion forum using the Learning
Management System (LMS) will receive additional scores in class participation.

Lecture Guide

What is language?
The creation of human life is also creating an incredible and dynamic human
capacity, which is the language since animals can communicate with each other. Whales
can sing, wolves can howl, dogs can bark, and bird can chirp. The sounds that these
creatures produce often denotes the state of their emotions. However, animals can only
communicate, unlike human beings, capable of producing language (Madrunio, M., &
Martin, I., 2018).
Linguists agree that a language has a system of rules known as grammar, a sound
system or phonology, and a vocabulary known as a lexicon. When people use a
language, they can understand each other because they belong to the same speech
community and share the same set of rules in the language system (Madrunio, M., &
Martin, I., 2018).
Language acquisition – People acquire languages that are used in the community as
they grow up.
Mother tongue – is the language acquired while growing up which is also known as
the first language.
Second language – is the other language that is learned later for different reasons.
Language learning – occurs when people study these languages in school or on their
own.
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self-
Paced) Elements of Language
1. Phonology
● Phonology is the study of sound (Greek).
● A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound.
● There are 26 letters in the alphabet in modern English. However, in American
English, about 48 different sounds can be formed by these 26 letters.
● If there are more sounds than letters, it means that some of these letters have
more than one sound. For example, the letter “t” gives us the sound /t/ as in
time. Letter “h” gives us the sound /h/ as in home. When combined, a couple of
different sounds are formed. Various people believe that there is only one
sound formed when they combine "t" and "h," but the truth is they get 2. For
example, sound out the word THICK a few times. Now, sound out the word
THEM twice and examine how the /th/ sound varies from the first example.
Other examples are THOSE and THIRD.
● This sound is unusual in all languages since C and H, when combined, form a
new sound. Examine the words chicks, torch, chips, etc. The sound does not
exist in all languages, so various ELLs struggle with it. However, chic and chef
are borrowed.

2. Morphology
● Morphology is the study of word formation since it focuses on the internal
structure of words.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

●Morphemes are the smallest units of words. Examples are the words note and
book. Each word is a single morpheme, but when put together, it creates
another word which is notebook. This new word consists of two different
morphemes. When pluralized, it gives "notebooks." This word contains three
different morphemes because "s" is considered a morpheme.
● When {er} is added at the end of a verb, it changes its meaning. However, a
morpheme like –er serves two different uses in English. When located at the
end of a verb, it creates a noun, but it does the other function when located at
the end of an adjective.
Lexical morpheme is a word that carries meaning or content. Examples are girl, man,
house, etc.
Grammatical morpheme specifies a relationship between two lexical morphemes.
Examples are and, the, a, e, etc.

2 Types of Grammatical Morphemes

1. Free morphemes are morphemes that can stand alone with a specific meaning.
Examples are nouns, verbs, etc. or lexical morphemes or prepositions,
conjunctions, and articles or grammatical morphemes.
2. Bound morphemes are morphemes that cannot stand alone with a specific
meaning. Examples are suffixes and prefixes since all affixes in English are bound
morphemes.

Weak is a free morpheme. Weak-ness is a word that includes a free morpheme and a
bound morpheme which is -ness. Carelessness has one free morpheme and two bound
morphemes (less and ness).

3. Semantics
● This element of language refers to meanings of words, phrases or sentences.
● When people say, "All kings are males." People who hear it will agree because the
word king pertains to a male who rules a country.
● Also, when somebody hears the statement, “All bachelors are women.” He/she
will say the sentence is wrong since a bachelor is a man. The question is, how do
people reach this conclusion? It is because of the knowledge of meaning.
● Moreover, when people say: We saw the Philippine history professor. They wonder
if the professor teaches Philippine history or if he is from the Philippines. Simply,
language is sometimes ambiguous, which affects the meaning and
comprehension.
● In fact, meaning plays a huge part of language. Speakers of any form of speech
and learner of any form of language need to understand what semantics is in
order for him/her to talk with other people successfully.

4. Pragmatics
● Another element of language is pragmatics, which refers to language use.
● This element of language emphasizes on how language can be affected by
context.
● Many speakers of a language know what to say, depending on the situation
and the people they are speaking to. For example, when people hear the
statement "There is fish on the table," they might interpret it as, "Will you

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

cover the fish on the table?" or “If you’re hungry, you can eat the fish on the
table.”
● Speakers of a language adjust their speech based on the understanding of their
listener. People talking to adults or friends might make use of a different
language from what other people use when talking to their toddlers.
Generally, people abridge their language when talking to young children.
● Like most elements of language, pragmatics takes time to know it totally. It
includes understanding of the language, culture, people, etc. before people can
do well in this field.

5. Syntax
● The syntax is connected to grammar because it focuses on sentences and their
structure.
● The English language has some word order that people have to follow when
making an essential language. The basic sentence in English consists of
subject, verb, and object (SVO) as shown in this simple sentence, I eat dinner.
The sentence is grammatically correct because the words are arranged in
order.
● The sentence, “Every night, I eat dinner at 7 o'clock, and then I go to bed.”
follows a correct word order in the English language. However, when
someone said: Dinner I eat. The listeners will instantly understand that the
sentence does not follow the exact word order.
● Differentiate the following examples: The girl waters the plant vs. A water
plants the girl. The first sentence is correct since it follows the exact word
order, but the second one does not follow the proper word order, since it does
not have sense so it is not semantically correct.
● Note that people need to obtain these language components to perform
successfully in a new language. They greatly overlap but are vital to both social
and academic success of the learner.
● Again, this element of language is hard because the basic sentence structure
turns into a complex sentence which is a part of it that has to be formed
appropriately to have a clear meaning.

Functions of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. Reinforcement
● The amount of redundancy that increases the verbal message. For example, if
people say "hi" or "goodbye," they will possibly wave their hands, and instead
of saying, ``I'm hungry,” they will rub their stomach.
2. Contradiction
● It is a nonverbal cue that contradicts the verbal statement. For example, if
people say, "I am full," but they roll their eyes, which simply negates their
feelings.

3. Accentuation
● The use of nonverbal signals strengthens the verbal message. For example,
suppose people speak louder and quickly. In that case, they emphasize the

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

verbal message when people are eager because they typically talk loud, and
their eyes widen, making the communication more understandable.

4. Substitution
● A nonverbal action or cue is used instead of speaking. For example, instead of
saying "hi" or "bye," people would wave their hands at someone when they do
not have time to speak to a person, so they use a nonverbal cue.

5. Regulation
● Regulation refers to the conversational order. For example, people use hand
signals to specify that they are done speaking, and it is someone else's turn to
talk. Also, they use nonverbal signals like looking at other people to say, "what
do they think about that" without really saying the words.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. Verbal communication helps people define truth.
● People use verbal communication to express their ideas, emotions, experiences,
thoughts, objects, and people. Also, they describe themselves as moral, ethical,
an evening person, or a postponer.

2. Verbal communication helps people arrange complex ideas and practices into
significant categories.
● Study the number of things that people experience using their five primary
senses every day. They classify these people with terms such as friends,
associates, romantic partners, family, peers, classmates, and guests.

3. Verbal communication helps people form their behaviors in their world.

● The way they use language determines their behavior about the world they
live in.
4. Verbal communication helps people ponder.
● People would not function as intelligent creatures. The skill constantly used to
distinguish humans from other animals is their potential to justify and talk.

Communication is simply defined as the exchange of beliefs, concepts,

perceptions, and opinions between or among people, and various contexts come
into play (Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., 2018).

Context refers to a situation or environment in which communication takes

place. It comprises the following as stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., (2018):
1. Physical or actual setting;
2. The value positions of speakers/listeners; and
3. The importance or appropriateness of a message conveyed

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Communication According to Mode

as stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., (2018)
1. Visual- is a type of communication that utilizes visuals to transfer
information.
2. Verbal-Non-Verbal- the two types of communication are combined so
they are more effective since one cannot be separated from the other.

Communication According to Context

as stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., (2018)
1. Intrapersonal
● The Latin prefix intra – means within or inside.
● Means talking to oneself.
● Some people call it as self or inner talk, inner monologue, or inner
dialogue while psychologists call it self-verbalization or self-statement

2. Interpersonal
● The Latin prefix inter – means between, among, and together.
● It occurs in dyads or small groups or group communication.

3. Extended
● Uses electronic media such as tele, audio, or phone conferencing; video-
conferencing; skype calls; and other technological means when
communicating.
● A good example of this is e-conference wherein participants do not need
to be physically present but are able to send information and interact
actively to reach a wider group of audience or listeners.

4. Organizational
● The focus is on the task or function that communication plays in an
organizational setting.
● Organizations consist of people who work for the company.

Two Types of Organizational Structure

as stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., (2018)
a. Formal- refers to the flow of messages between positions in the organization
using designated channels. This includes the use of the following four
approaches:
a.1 Downward- refers to the flow of messages from upper to lower positions
(from a university president to a Campus Director or Vice President, from a
college dean to a faculty). Also, the flow of messages is top-down when the
transaction is from an employer to an ordinary staff.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

a.2 Upward- this approach is called bottom-up in which the flow of

communication is from the subordinates to their superiors/bosses indicating
their views/feedback on organizational policies, issues related to their jobs, etc.

a.3 Horizontal- is lateral in approach since the flow of message between or

among individuals have the same level or position in the organization. However,
the communication flow is from different departments or units to ease the tasks'
performance by appropriate coordination.

a.4 Crosswise- is diagonal wherein employees working from different units

or departments at various levels communicate.

b. Informal- Comes from unofficial channels of message flow.

● Also known as "grapevine" messages and the flow of messages is from
the different levels of the organization.
● This happens when some employees are dissatisfied with the
company's rules and regulations.
● Each organization has its own culture which refers to organizational
culture.
● The organization improves its core values, vision and mission
statements, goals, and objectives based upon its history and
development.

5. Intercultural- is a communication between or among individuals from

different cultural backgrounds.

Communication According to Purpose and Style

as stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., (2018)

1. Formal
● Makes use of standard language, which is used either in oral or
written form.
● Lecture, public speaking, research and project proposal, report,
business letter, etc. are examples of formal situations and writings.

2. Informal
● Does not make use of formal language.
● It includes personal and ordinary conversations with friends,
family members, or associates about anything under the sun.
● The mode can be done in oral or written form since the purpose is
to socialize and sustain relationships.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Models of Communication
1. ARISTOTLE’S MODEL
Aristotle highlighted that the three variables in the communication
process are speaker, speech, and audience, as shown in the flow of
communication below.
The speaker is significant, for, without the speaker, there will be no language to
be created. The speaker modifies his/her speech based on the profile of the
audience. The following are considered for the audience demographics: age, sex,
background, beliefs, race, religion, gender, position in the society, financial
situation, and political orientation. Also, beliefs, perspectives, and behaviors
show a significant part when talking about audience consideration since the
audience frequently brings these with them when interpreting a message in any
given situation (Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., 2018).

Speaker Speech Audience

2. LASSWELL’S MODEL
The entire process of communication starts with the communicator who
sends out a message through a channel which is the medium. After which, the
receiver is suffering an effect. It may be examined by the content sent, the
medium used and the effect on the receiver of the message. This model is like
Aristotle’s since both are linear and have similar components. However,
Lasswell’s varies since there are five variables involved such as communicator,
message, medium, receiver and effect (Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., 2018).

Who Says What In which channel To whom With what effect

• Communicator • Message • Medium • Receiver • Effect

3. SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL
Shannon-Weaver’s model has been called the “mother of all models”
because of its wide popularity. Also, the model is known as “information theory
or the Shannon theory since Shannon was the main developer of the theory. At
first, the model was developed because they would like to improve the technical
communication since “noise” is one of the factors that affect the communication
process. In 1949, Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver introduced the
model, which is a year after Laswell’s, for Bell Laboratories. This model is mainly
designed to develop effective communication between the sender and receiver.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

The components, such as noise, reception, destination, and feedback have been
recognized in this model including information source for the sender,
transmitter, for the encoder, decoder (reception), and receiver (destination)
(Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., 2018). The advantage of this model when it comes to
noise can be removed to make the communication effective. With this, the model
is a two-way process and is applicable in general communication.

From: communicationtheory.org

4. BERLO’S MODEL
David Berlo was the one who created this model. The sender-message-
channel-receiver (SMCR) model of communication was developed from the
Shannon-Weaver model of communication. The source or the encoder is the
originator of the message. As a result, the encoder should carry out the four
communication skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The
attitude of the source towards the audience or subject, including his/her
knowledge about the topic should count along with the social system that he/she
is in including the values, beliefs and practices, and culture (Madrunio, M., &
Martin, I., 2018).
The second component is message which includes content; elements like
the language used and gestures applied; treatment or the manner refers to the
message that is passed on; and structure which is the order of parts or flow of
the message. Also, the code indicates how the message is transferred, which is
the use of language or the verbal code including the gesture which is the
nonverbal code. To avoid miscommunication, there should be no gap between
the verbal and nonverbal codes (Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., 2018).
The third component is channel which refers to the five senses. Lastly, the
fourth component is the receiver who decodes the message and who has the
same qualities or characteristics with the source so that the result of
communication would be effective since both of them have good communication
skills.
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

General Principles of Effective Communication

As stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I. (2018)
One must observe the principles to make oral and written communication more
effective since communication is a two-way process. Consider the following
principles:
1. Know the purpose of communicating. If one is speaking mainly to inform,
entertain, or persuade, he/she must have one goal. If he/she has more than one
purpose, there is still a more prevailing objective or reason why he/she
communicates.
2. Know the audience. In both speaking and writing, one should distinguish
his/her audience so that he/she can dictate the speaking or writing style he/she
is going to use. Age, educational background, profession, culture, and other
salient features are considered when identifying the listeners or readers.
3. Know the topic. People talk because they need to impart something. In public
speaking, the speakers are invited because they have the ability to share
something. In writing, they write because they would like the other people to
learn something from them. They may make use of numerous or various
communication techniques to easily grasp the attention of the audience.
4. Adjust the speech or writing to the context of the situation. Utilize a kind of
language to be delivered depending on the environment in which a speaker talks
or writes.

5. Work on the feedback. Upon receiving the comments from the

listeners/readers, the speaker should work on them. However, be kind to
criticisms. Eventually, constructive criticisms will be important to the speaker
or writer as he learns to talk to them.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Principles of Effective Oral Communication

As stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I. (2018)

1. State clearly your purpose. Determine wholeheartedly your objective in

communicating.
2. Deliver the message completely. Be sure that your claims are supported by
details and significant facts.
3. Make the discussion short. Do not be talkative or wordy with your statements
since conciseness in speech is required.
4. Deliver the speech naturally. Emphasize significant words by using suitable
hand gestures and bodily movements. Display a certain degree of confidence
even when you don’t feel confident enough.
5. Be specific and prompt with your response. Inputs are useful when given on
time.

Principles of Effective Written Communication: The 7cs

As stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I. (2018)

1. Be clear. State your message clearly by always guided by your purpose in

communicating.
2. Be concise. Focus on your main point by not including lots of things that are
unimportant.
3. Be concrete. Your statement should be supported by sufficient evidence. In
fact, the readers can easily distinguish if you are pretending or deceiving since
there is nothing to substantiate your assertions.
4. Be correct. When writing, it is vital to observe the grammaticality of your
sentence. Always have time to study and revise your work even simple
misspelled words, may naturally confuse the readers.
5. Be coherent. Your writing becomes coherent when sending a relevant
message. Your thoughts should be associated with each other and connected to
the subject. Be sure to recognize the sound structure that will present a smooth
flow of ideas. Use transitional words to connect all your ideas together.
6. Be complete. Write all essential and pertinent information so the audience can
learn a lot of information. Always put yourself in the position of the audience so
they will be attentive to obtain new information.
7. Be courteous. Be friendly with the tone of your writing by avoiding any
overtone/undertone or suggestion to eliminate misperception and
misapprehension.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Ethics of Communication
As stated by Madrunio, M., & Martin, I. (2018)

Communication ethics highlights that the behavior of an individual, group, or

organization is influenced by morality. As a result, it affects their
communication.
1. For the development of your uprightness as a person, organize a lively value
system. The operations of an organization are affected by someone’s attitude
and decision-making style.
2. Be responsible for thorough and accurate information. Either compulsory or
not, the date should always be checked and precise.
3. Reveal significant information sufficiently and suitably. Also, do not hide
information that is important for the sake of transparency.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Performance Tasks
PT 1
DIRECTIONS: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter that best
describes your answer.
1. Which of the following statements are true? Choose at least two.
a. Animals are able to communicate with each other.
b. Only human beings are truly capable of producing language.
c. Animals are able to communicate with each other.
d. The sounds produced by animals are considered as language since their
noise reflects the state of their emotions.
2. This is the result of language contact.
a. Language learning
b. Language acquisition
c. Language change
d. Language contact
3. When people share the same set of rules in the language system, they belong to
___________ speech community.
a. Same
b. Different
c. Neither of the two
4. What language does the child acquire while growing in the community?
a. First language
b. Second language
c. Neither of the two
5. This occurs when people learn languages on their own or by studying formally in
school.
a. Language acquisition
b. Language change
c. Language contact
d. Language learning
6. Do you think people having different nationalities but know a little bit of English
will be able to understand each other?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Maybe
7. This process occurs when two people communicate as they learn each other's
languages.
a. Language acquisition
b. Language contact
c. Language change
d. None of the above
8. This is the smallest unit of sound in a language.
a. Morpheme
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

b. Morphology
c. Phonology
d. Phoneme
9. __________ is the study of word formation.
a. Morphology
b. Syntax
c. Pragmatics
d. Semantics
10. How many morphemes are there in the word HELPLESSNESS?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
11. This element of language refers to meanings of words, phrases or sentences.
a. Pragmatics
b. Phonology
c. Semantics
d. Morphology
12. Which of the following is the free morpheme in the word CAREFUL?
a. Ful
b. Care
c. Careful
13. If someone for example says, "You are the apple of my eyes" but he/she rolls
his/her eyes and looks down at the floor and shrugs his/her shoulders. It is an
example of _________.
a. Reinforcement
b. Accentuation
c. Contradiction
d. Substitution
14. If someone says hi at the same time, wave his hand. It is an example of___________.
a. Reinforcement
b. Accentuation
c. Contradiction
d. Substitution
15. When a person is excited and uses nonverbal cues to intensify his message.
a. Reinforcement
b. Accentuation
c. Contradiction
d. Substitution

PT 2
DIRECTIONS: Write T on the blank if the statement is true, otherwise, write the word/s
that makes the statement incorrect if the statement is false. Use the space provided before
each statement.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

__________1. Physical setting is an example of context.

__________2. The Latin prefix intra means between or among.
__________3. Intrapersonal communication is talking to oneself.
__________4. The focus of intercultural communication is on the task or function that
communication plays in an organizational setting.
__________5. Informal refers to the flow of messages between positions in the organization
using designated channels.
__________6. Formal is known as "grapevine" messages and the flow of messages is from the
different levels of the organization.
__________7. Informal comes from unofficial channels of message flow.
__________8. Horizontal communication is diagonal wherein employees working from
different units or departments at various levels communicate.
__________9. Upward communication is called bottom-up in which the flow of communication
is from the subordinates to their superiors/bosses.
__________10. Crosswise communication refers to the flow of messages from upper to lower
positions.
__________11. Extended communication uses electronic media when communicating.
__________12. Communication refers to a situation or environment in which communication
takes place.
__________13. Lecture, public speaking, research and project proposal, report, business letter,
etc. are examples of formal situations and writings.
__________14. Personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members, or
associates are examples of formal situations.
__________15. The flow of message is bottom-up when the transaction is from an employer to
an ordinary staff.

PT 3
A. Directions: View on Youtube the speech of President Rodrigo Duterte at the
Philippine China Trade and Investment Forum Beijing, China, on October 20, 2016.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kewxFaNifs. Based on the video of President
Duterte, do you think the five principles of effective oral communication were
followed? Which ones were followed? Which ones were not? Why or why not? (Source:
Madrunio, M., & Martin, I., 2018).

____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Understanding Directed Assess

Rubric for Paragraph Writing (PT 3)

Point Value 40 points 30 points 20 points 10 points

Topic Sentence Interesting, original A clearly stated topic A proper topic Missing, invalid, or
topic sentence, sentence presents one sentence presents inappropriate topic
reflecting thought and main idea. one idea. sentence; the main
insight; focused on one idea is missing.
interesting main idea.
Supporting Interesting, concrete, Examples and details Sufficient number of Insufficient, vague, or
Details and descriptive relate to the topic, and examples and undeveloped
examples and details some explanation is details that relate to examples.
with explanations that included. the topic.
relate to the topic.
Organization Thoughtful, logical Details are arranged in Acceptable No discernible pattern
and Transitions progression of a logical progression; arrangement of of organization;
supporting examples; appropriate examples; Unrelated details; no
Mature transitions transitions. transitions may be transitions.
between ideas. weak.
Style Appropriate tone, Appropriate tone; Acceptable tone; Inconsistent or
distinctive voice; Clear sentences with some variety in Inappropriate tone;
pleasing variety in varied structures; sentence structures; Awkward, unclear, or
sentence structure; Effective diction. Adequate diction incomplete sentences;
Vivid diction, precise and word choices. Bland diction, poor
word choices. word choice.
Mechanics Consistent standard Some errors, but none A few errors in Distracting errors in
English usage, spelling, major, in usage, usage, spelling, or usage, spelling, or
and punctuation. No spelling, or punctuation (3-4) punctuation
errors. punctuation. (1-2)

Topic Sentences ______

Supporting Details and Organization ______
Organization/Transitions ______
Style ______
Mechanics ______

Total Points ______ = grade of ______

Source: www.mesacc.edu › RubricParagraphAssignment

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO
 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited

Learning Resources

Brown, S. & Attardo, S. 2008. Understanding Language Structure, Interaction, and Variation. 2nd
Ed. Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Press.

Denham, K. & Lobeck, A. 2010. Linguistics for Everyone – An Introduction. Boston, MA. Cengage
Learning

Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. 2007. An Introduction to Language. 8th Ed. Boston, MA.
Thompson.

Madrunio, M. R. & Martin, I. P. (2018) Purposive Communication Using English in Multilingual

Contexts. C & E Publishing Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City.

NA. (2021) AskingLot.com. Retrieved March 28, 2020, from https://askinglot.com/why-

shannon-weaver-models-is-mother-of-all

Parker, F. & Riley, K. 2010. Linguistics for Non-Linguists. 5th Ed. Boston, MA. Pearson/Allen and
Bacon.

www.mesacc.edu › RubricParagraphAssignment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kewxFaNifs.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: GEC 105 – PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Prepared by: MINERVA S. FERNANDEZ
KAREN A. CARBUNGCO