Metallic Bonding
Chemists have developed a model for ‘The Structure of a Metal’ to explain a
metal's properties.
Now complete…
‘Metallic Bonding – Connecting Properties and Structure Mix and Match Activity’
… to show how the structure of a metal can explain a metal's properties.
Metallic Bonding – Connecting Properties and Structure Mix and Match Activity
Property What this tells us about structure
Metals are usually hard and tend to have
The forces between the particles must be strong.
high boiling points.
Metals conduct electricity in the solid
Metals have charged particles that are free to move.
state and in the molten liquid state.
The attractive forces between the particles must be stronger
Metals are malleable and ductile. than the repulsive forces between the particles when the layers
of particles are moved.
Metals generally have high densities. The particles must be closely packed in a metal.
There must be a way of quickly transferring energy throughout a
Metals are good conductors of heat.
metal object.
Free electrons must be present, so metals can reflect light and
Metals are lustrous or reflective.
appear shiny.
Metals have low electronegativities and
Electrons must be relatively easily removed from metal atoms.
ionisation energies.
Metals tend to react by losing electrons. Electrons must be relatively easily removed from metal atoms.
Metallic Bonding – Connecting Properties and Structure Mix and Match Activity
Property What this tells us about structure
Metals are usually hard and tend to have
The forces between the particles must be strong.
high boiling points.
Metals conduct electricity in the solid
Metals have charged particles that are free to move.
state and in the molten liquid state.
The attractive forces between the particles must be stronger
Metals are malleable and ductile. than the repulsive forces between the particles when the layers
of particles are moved.
Metals generally have high densities. The particles must be closely packed in a metal.
There must be a way of quickly transferring energy throughout a
Metals are good conductors of heat.
metal object.
Free electrons must be present, so metals can reflect light and
Metals are lustrous or reflective.
appear shiny.
Metals have low electronegativities and
Electrons must be relatively easily removed from metal atoms.
ionisation energies.
Metals tend to react by losing electrons. Electrons must be relatively easily removed from metal atoms.
Metallic Bonding
We can deduce from the information in the table that the model must be one
in which:
- Some of the particles are charged and free to move
- There are strong forces of attraction between particles throughout the
metal structure
- Some electrons in metallic atoms are relatively easily removed
Metallic Bonding
Metallic structure is a lattice of positive ions
in a regular arrangement, surrounded by a
sea of delocalised electrons
So… what is a metallic bond?
Metallic Bond: the electrostatic force of attraction between positive ions &
delocalised electrons.
Metallic Bonding Model
➢ Positive ions are arranged in a closely packed structure. This structure is
described as a regular three dimensional network of positive ions. The cations
occupy fixed positions in the lattice.
➢ Negatively charged electrons move freely throughout the lattice. These
electrons are called delocalised electrons.
➢ The delocalised electrons come from the valence shell of the atoms.
➢ The positive cations are held in the lattice by the electrostatic force of
attraction between the cations and the delocalised electrons and is called
metallic bonding.
Limitations of the Metallic Bonding Model
➢ Range of melting points, hardness and densities.
➢ Differences in electrical conductivities of metals.
➢ Magnetic nature of metals such as cobalt, iron and nickel.
Homework
Pearson Chapter 4.2 review questions 1-3
