AUTOCAD LECTURE 2

CONTINUATION

DISCUSSION

About CAD

Computer-Aided Design(CAD) or Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) can be defined as using
computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis,or optimization of a design.

CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve
communications through documentation, and create a database for manufacturing.

AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app. In 2010, AutoCAD was released as a
mobile- and web app, marketed as AutoCAD 360. (Autodesk and AutoCAD)

CAD is an important industrial art extensively used in many applications, including automotive,
shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthetics, and many more.

AutoCAD is an industry-leading commercial CAD software. AutoCAD is used by AEC(Architecture,

Engineer, and Construction) to generate and optimize 2D and 3D designs. AutoCAD is a widely used
software program that can help you draft construction documentation, explore design ideas, visualize
concepts through photorealistic renderings, and simulate how a design performs in the real world.
(Autodesk)

4 different AutoCAD

AUTOCAD- The original version of AutoCAD. This version can use architects, project managers,
engineers, graphic designers, city planners, and other professionals.

AUTOCAD ARCHITECTURE- A version of Autodesk’s flagship product, AutoCAD, with tools and functions
speciallysuited to architecture work. This software supports dynamic elements (wall, door, windows,
and other architectural elements) and automatically updating Spaces and Areas for calculations of sqft.

AUTOCAD LT- The lower-cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities (No 3D, No Network
Licensing, No management tools, and more).

AUTOCAD 360- An account-based mobile and web application enabling registered users to view, edit,
and share AutoCAD files via a mobile device and web using a limited AutoCAD feature set and using
cloud-stored drawing files.

Understand AutoCAD interface – Ribbon, Panels, Model space,Layout tabs, Status bar, & Properties

Once you open AutoCAD by double-clicking the AutoCAD icon, you can create a new drawing by
clickingthe [START DRAWING] icon on the first page of the AutoCAD application. You also can select a
different template by clicking [TEMPLATES] under start drawing. The default setting is [acad.dwt]. Your
recent documents will show in the middle of the first page. You also can click to open the recent
documents.

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For the tutorial provided by Autodesk, you can click [LEARN]. I recommend you watch the Getting
Started Videos. Once you click [START DRAWING], you will see this user interface below. [please
remember the names]

Main Concept

•Application menu: New, open, save, import, export, print

•Quick access toolbar: User can save tools that they often use

•Info Center: Ask a question, find out answers from Autodesk community

•Ribbon: Main menus – Home, Insert, Annotate, View, Manage Ribbon tab

•Ribbon view: User can minimize and maximize the ribbon

•File tab: Navigate files and create and open files

•Drawing area/graphic area: Main drawing space

•View cube: User can change the view, top, front, 3D, or more

•Navigation bar: Zoom in and out, pan, zoon to all, and more

•Command box: Can type commands and see the previous commands

•Layout tab: Can see model space and print spaces

•Status bar: Can set grid, snaps, scales, and more

AutoCAD setup tips – Options, Unites, Workspace

Before you start your drafting, it is recommended to set your workspace and options as you wish. Take
some time and experiment with the settings, as shown below. You can change settings at any time.
Below are the instructor’s recommended setups based on more than 10- years of drafting experience.

OPTIONS

[STEP 01] Click [APPLICATION MENU] and then Click [OPTIONS], or type [options] on the command box,
and Enter key

[STEP 02] You will see the Option window

[STEP 03] Click Display tab > Change Color theme from dark to light

[STEP 04] Find Crosshair size on the Display tab > Change the value from 5 to 100

[STEP05] Find[Colors] and change Uniform background to Black >Click [Apply & Close]

[STEP 06] Click the Draftingtab > Change the aperture size – make slightly smaller

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STEP 07] Click the Selection tab and uncheck[allow the press and drag for lasso] > Click [OK] to close the
option

UNITS

[STEP 01] Click [APPLICATION MENU] > click [DRAWING UNITS] > click [UNITS] or, Type [units] on the
command box > Enter key

[STEP 02] Confirm the units are right for your project Below snap is an image of a typical setting for the
Imperial system.

OUR THIRD GOAL It's excellent for capturing audiences beyond a one-time event.

Below snap is an image of a typical setting for the Metric system.

PROPERTIES

[STEP 01] Click the small arrow under Properties on Home Ribbon to open the Properties panel

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[STEP 02] Or press [Ctrl+1] on your keyboard to open the Properties panel

[STEP 03] Place the panel on your left side of the workspace

[STEP 04] Click [Layer Properties] on Home Ribbon to open Layer properties

[STEP 05] Place the panel on your left side of the workspace and click the arrow to hide the panel.

Input commands and understand different selections

To draw in AutoCAD, you must understand different types of command input

USE ICONS ON RIBBON (BASIC LEVEL) e.g. Click [Home] ribbon > Click [Text]

USE THE COMMANDS BOX (MODERATE LEVEL) Input commands and understand different selections e.g.
Click [command box] > Type MULTILINETEXT > Enter key

USE SHORTCUTS (ADVANCED LEVEL) – PLEASE PRACTICE TO IMPROVE THE SPEED OF WORK AND
PRODUCTIVITY. e.g. Click [Home] ribbon > Click [Text] e.g., Type [MT] on a keyboard (mouse can be
located anywhere, it can be lower case) > Enter

Often use shortcuts by the instructor [please

remember the list of shortcuts]

 [l] – line  [x] – explode

 [pl] – polyline  [ex] – extend
 [mt] – multiline text  [c] – circle
 [m] – move  [re] – regen (refresh)
 [co] – copy  [h] – hatch
 [ro] – rotate  [o] – offset
 [z] – zoom and [a] – all  F3 – osnap
 [b] – block  F8 – ortho
 [s] – stretch

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Three types of selections

ONE CLICK individual objects

WINDOW SELECTION (BLUE) drag/click from left- top to right bottom to select all objects that are
enclosed in the selection rectangle.

CROSS SELECTION (GREEN) drag/click from right bottom to left to select all objects crossed by the
selection rectangle.

window selection (blue) – drag/click from left-top to right bottom to select all objects that are enclosed
in the selection rectangle.

cross selection (green) – drag/click from right bottom to left to select all objects crossed by the selection
rectangle.

Understand the “origin” of the drawing

AutoCAD drawing area is on a real scale, which means the drawing scale is 1:1 scale. Moreover, the
drawing area is unlimited. You can draw the entire earth in the drawing. Furthermore, you can draw a
small object, too. Designers often lose the point/location that they want to draw in the drawing when
you draw in a big drawing. Thus, designers use the drawing origin (0,0,0) – ((x,y,z) for a 3D model) as the
base point of the project. Usually, the origin of the drawing is the left-bottom corner on the first floor (if
it is a 3D model). In AutoCAD, we use only (0,0) – (x,y).

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LINE COMMAND

[STEP 1] type [l] and Enter

[STEP 2] specify the first point by clicking a point or typing [x,y]

[STEP 3] specify the end point by clicking a point or typing [x,y] – absolute point, type [@x,y] – relative
point

MOVE COMMAND

[STEP 1] type [m] and Enter

[STEP 2] select the object/objects that you want to move and Enter

[STEP 3] specify the base point

[STEP 4] specify the second point to move the object/objects

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COPY COMMAND

[STEP 1] type [co] and Enter

[STEP 2] select the object/objectsthat you want to copy and Enter

[STEP 3] specify the base point

[STEP 4] specify the second point tocopy the object/objects

[STEP 5] specify the third point or more to copy the object/objects if you have. If you want to stop, use
ESC

Introduction

  AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD)

and drafting — available since 1982 as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web-
and cloud-based app marketed as AutoCAD 360.

History

  AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in 1979 called Interact CAD,
also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior to
Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Mike Riddle.
  The first version by the AutoDesk Company was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and
released that December.
  The 2016 release marked the 30th major release for the AutoCAD for Windows. The 2014
release marked the fourth consecutive year for AutoCAD for Mac

How do we give a command?

  Command line
  Toolbars (view/Toolbars)
  Drop-down menus You can pick any one(s) that you are comfortable with.

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What is OSNAP?

  Osnap (Object Snap) settings make it easier to select a 2d object’s points

1)  Endpoint
2)  Midpoint
3)  Perpendicular
4)  Center
5)  İntersection
  Osnap will be active when AutoCAD is expecting you to pick a point on the working area
  Type osnap on your command window:

Zooming...

  You will need to zoom in and out while drawing with AutoCAD. This doesnt change your
objects or UCS, only the way you see your working space. This can be done in many ways:

1. Scroll bars

2. Typing z or zoom in your command window.

  All
  Center
  Dynamic
  Extents
  Previous
  Scale
  Window

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Lets draw a LINE:

  remember that AutoCAD recognizes an object by its coordinates. You will need two given
points to draw a line.
  You can start at a random point on your WCS for your FIRST POINT, but you should specify the
coordinates of your SECOND POINT.

Lets draw a LINE (1):

1. Give the command

  Type “line” on the command window, OR

  Click on the line icon on the Draw toolbar, OR
  Select Line on the Draw menu

2. Specify the first point (a)

  Click on a random point on your working area (black space)

3. Specify the second point in relation to the first point

  @distance<degrees
  @5<30

Lets draw a LINE (2):

1. Hit F8 (ortho on)

2. Give the command

3. Specify the first point

4. Specify the second point in relation to the first point

  Point the cursor to the left hand side. You will see that the cursor snaps only to 0^o -90^o -
180^o -270^o
  Type 7 and hit enter

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Lets draw a LINE (3):

If we know the coordinates of the line we want to draw, we can simply type them into the command
line. (However, this mostly is not the case.)

1. Give the command

2. Specify the first point (4,8,11)

3. Specify the second point (5,11,23)

What else?

  Rectangle: two diagonal lines (pick first point, select the second one with relation to the first.
@5<-33)
  Circle/Arc: center and radius
  Polygon: specify the number of edges and length of a side

A small tip: you can use the EXPLODE command for the tool to split the object into its components or
lines

Editing...

  COPY

  MOVE

  MIRROR

  ARRAY

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   SCALE

  STRETCH

More editing...

  STRETCH

  EXPLODE
  OFFSET

  ROTATE

  ERASE

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Polyline (pline)

  The PLINE command creates a chain line with multiple vertexes and straight or circular
segments between the vertexes
  Draw a closed shape with the pline command:
  Then type PEDIT (polyline edit) on the command line and see what you can do with it: Enter an
option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: Try Width and Spline

Hatching

  Hatching is used to add shaded patterns to objects and shapes within an Autocad drawing.
Hatch patterns can be used to indicate a material to be used, such as aconcrete hatch.
Alternatively it could be used to make an area of a drawing stand out.

 You will pick:

  Pattern
  Scale
  Angle
  points

Drawing SOLIDS

 Solids contain the “mass properties” of 3D objects.

 You can use the Solids toolbar for readily accessible objects

  Box
  Cylinder
  Wedge
 Torus
 cone
 sphere

 You can use the Boolean operations of more complicated shapes.

 Union (join two solids)

 Subtract (carve out the second solid from the first)

 Intersection (only the common area)

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To increase the number of faces  Tools > Options > Display tab >

We can create solids by extruding as well

 If you “extrude” a surface into the third dimension, you simply add a thickness in section. This basically
is same as creating a “solid” object

UCS and WCS

  The AutoCAD world is 3 dimensional. However, if we want to draw a 2d object, such as a plan
or a section, we will use only 2 dimensions (x and y).
  WCS (world coordinate system) is the imaginary plane that is parallel to the ground. It is the
default coordinate system.
  Modifications made to the World Coordinate System (WCS) result in a User Coordinate System
(UCS). It is the plane that you work on. It enables the user to draw 3 dimensional objects.
  To create a new UCS, type ucs on the command window, then say New and specify 3 points on
your new UCS plane.

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Lets change the UCS

  —Prompt: Command: Type ucs and press Enter.

  —Prompt: Enter and option [New/Move/ orthoGraphic /Prev/ Restore/Save/Del/
Apply/?/World] <World>:Type in n for the New option and press Enter. —Prompt: Specify origin
of new UCS or [Zaxis/ 3point/ OBject/ Face/ View/X/Y/Z <0,0,0>: Type 3 to select the 3point
option and press Enter.
  —Prompt: Specify a new origin point <0,0,0>:Use an Osnap or coordinate to select the
position for a new 0,0,0 point (this selects the junction of the X, Y, and Z axes). NOTE:The
intersection Osnap will NOT work with solid models.
  —Prompt: Specify point on positive portion of X-axis <1.000,0.000,0.000>:Use an Osnap or
coordinate to select the direction of the desired X-axis. NOTE: The numbers inside the brackets<
> will not necessarily be the same as those shown in this example.
  —Prompt: Specify point on positive-y portion of the UCS XY plane <1.000,0.000,0.000>: Use an
Osnap or coordinate to select the direction of the Y-axis. The UCS icon should change position to
indicate the new UCS orientation.

AutoCAD Advantage Disadvantages of AutoCAD

  Removal of Data Translations •  Line

  SolidWorks / Solid Edge / Inventor
•  Limited File Formats
Compatibility
  Industry Standard Translators •  Color, Fill and Texture
  Reduced Training Time/Cost
•  Non-Parametric
  Rapid Product Advancements

What is CAD?

1) Autocad means Computer Aided Drafting

2) Autodesk is the most popular drawing program
3) Many student versions available for free online at students.autodesk.com

Capabilities 3D constructions of CAD?

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VERSIONS OF CAD

 01 | AUTOCAD

 02 | ARCHITECTURE

 03 | MECHANICAL

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 04 | REVIT

 05 | INVENTOR

 06 | CIVIL

 07 | MEP

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Workshop Goals

What we won't cover:

 Setting up the workspace
 Basic/common commands
 Manipulating properties
 Viewports and printing
What we'll cover:
 Rendering
 External References
 Block creation
 Parts/assemblies

Starting a New Drawing

•The big A is like the home button in MS Office or the File menu in most programs

•The default template is good

•The options window lets you set all your preferences within the drawing

•Snap and Aperture settings are on a totally personal basis

Right Click Customization

•Right-click settings are also personal preference

•Repeating commands and meaning enter make the

•Right-click settings are also personal preference drawing process faster

Preferences

•You can set the color of just about anything in the drawing

•The pickbox and grip sizes will help you manipulate your drawing

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Snaps, etc.

•Snap to Grid- cursor snaps to grid points

•Show Grid- displays grid in model space

•Orthographic- constrains lines to 90deg angles

•Polar Snap- constrains lines to other angle increments

•Object Snap- cursor snaps to points on objects

•Dynamic UCS- shows UCS at all times

•Dynamic Input- displays input text in space

Some Common Commands

2D commands Helpful Commands 3D commands

 •Line  Units  Extrude

 •Rectangle  Properties  Union
 •Circle  Measure  Subtract
 •Polyline  Dimension  3D Rotate
 •Trim
 •Extend
 •Offset
 •Move
 •Mirror
 •Scale
 •Rotate

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3D Commands

•You can rotate an object about the X or Y axis with the 3D rotate command (3R)

•You can change the user interface to 3D Basics or Modeling if you want to use buttons, or you can use
Keyboard entries

 EXT
 UNI
 SU

Units and Properties

•The units command will let you change the primary units you will be let you change just about any-
thing with respect to the selected item drawing in

•Properties will

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Viewports

1) Paper space
2) Viewport
3) Model space

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More Topics to Investigate

•CAD has lots of options and possibilities that you should explore on your own

 Lineweights and types

 Interface options
 Complex shapes
 3D modeling
 Rendering
 External References
 Bl

•To download student versions or trials, go to http://students.autodesk.co m/

•You can also find tutorials and help on their website, on forums, or by pressing F1 in CAD

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