History of Gardens

By
Samar Nazer

Landscape Architecture
ENAR 436
Department of Architectural Engineering
Birzeit University

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 Italy

Pre-Renaissance
Sicily: Gardens served to provide vegetables and herbs or flowers
to serve the church

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 Italy

Theories and concepts

• Gardens were designed as retreat in the countryside away

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• Renaissance began in Florence in the fourteenth century.
• Various theories have been proposed to explain its origin and
characteristics depend on factors, including the social and civic
peculiarities of Florence including its political structure and the
patronage of its dominant family, the Medici
• It has long been a matter of debate why the Renaissance began in
Florence, and not elsewhere in Italy.
• Scholars have noted several features unique to Florentine cultural life
which may have caused such a cultural movement.
• Many have emphasized the role played by the Medici family in
patronizing and stimulating the artsdevoted huge sums to
commissioning works from Florence's le. Lorenzo D, Dedici bringing
artists, including Leonardo Da Vinci, Sandro Botticilli and
Michelaangelo Bounarroti
• The Renaissance was certainly already underway before Lorenzo
came to power, however. Indeed, before the Medici family itself
achieved hegemony in Florentine society. 4
 Villa Medici
Villa Medici Fiesole Florence

Michelezzo
1458-1461

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Secret garden
Lemon garden
loggias

terrace

pergola

Lower garden 6
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Villa Medici, upper garden near entrance gate
Upper garden, Villa Medici, Fiesole 8
Giardino Segreto (Secret Garden), Villa Medici west of the house 9
 Villa Lante

Vignola
Sequential stops
Central axis
hunting park barco
Sacred Wood (sacro Bosco)
Formal garden

The Villa Lante, Viterbo, designed by Vignola (1568–1579)

Theories and concepts

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Villa d’ Este

Pirro Ligorio

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 France

•Aristocracy, wealth, power

•Andre L Notre

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Jacques Mollet

Claude Mollet : gardener to three French kings, Henri IV, Louis XIII, Louis was a
member of the Mollet dynasty of French garden designers in the seventeenth
century

Andre Mollet: Louis III, queen Christina Sweden

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 partterre
Jacqueau Boyceau developed the art of partterre and
theory of garden the ground of Andre Le Notre work

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Chantily

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 Chateaus de Anete
Jacques Mollet

New chateaus moat became a

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 Fontainbleau
Francis I
Moat separate gardens from chateaus

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Vicomte

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Vicomte

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Versailles

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Versailles

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Fountain of Latona 31
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 England
•Countryside, hills, large fields, winding (meandering) streams important elements in
English landscape
•Influence by French gardens, although French garden are not suitable for the
democratic English man
•Influence by Italian gardens
•Influence by the orient China and Japan
•Parterre and terraces of the formal garden were replaced with rolling grassland, clumps
of trees, lakes, winding rivers and serpentine drivers.

•Romantic movement; direct observation of nature and the principle of painting. poetry,
paintings- beauty of nature and landscape
•Picturesque scenery paintings of Claude Lorrain, Salvador Rosa, Nicolas Poussin.
• not actual views, composition of landscape elements mountains pastoral plains rivers
lakes, temples, Bridges, Statues, allegorical and symbolic figures…
•Romantic movement emerged as opposed to the classical and formal – beauties of
nature and landscape.

•William Kent
•Capability Brown
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Claude Lorrain painting of Stourhead

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 English Gardens
knot garden is “a formal garden planted with miniature, permanent hedges laid
out in geometric or elaborately scrolling patterns.”

Maze is

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The Tudor garden
Hatfield Garden

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William Kent
)(1685-1748)
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Ha-Ha Landscape Concept 43
William Kent

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Rousham, Oxfordshire
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Longleat

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Blenheim

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