What is economiser?
“A Device , which increases
the temprature of feed
water using waste heat of
flue gases leaving the boiler
through chimney.
Economiser
•construction
•working
•advantages
•disadvantages
Construction of
economisers
Consists of a large numbers of
vertical cast irons (steel water
pipes)
One end of vertical pipe connected
with horizontal pipe A & another
end with B.
Working of
economisers
The feed water enters into economiser
through the bottom pipe A.
Then, it comes into top pipe B through
the vertical pipes.
After that ,it comes into boiler for
further working.
Working of economisers
The hot flue gases coming from
boiler pass over the vertical tubes of
economiser.
OBSERVE :
The heat transfer takes place
from flue gases to cold water rising in
vertical tubes of economiser.
Working of economiser
The heated feed water is supplided
to the boiler from STOP VALVE.
Effects of working
The soot of flue gases which gets deposited
on the vertical pipes REDUCES
EFFICIENCY of the economiser.
TO PREVENT SOOT DEPOSIT ,the
scrapers S move up & down by chain and
gears to keep the external surface of the
pipe clean(for better HEAT TRANSFER)
Effects of working
A BLOW OFF COCK VALVE is
provided at back end of vertical
pipes to remove sediments
deposited in the bottom boxes .
A SAFETY VALVE provided at the
end of the pipe A for the safety of
the pipes.
Advantages
Higher feed water temperature tend to
reduce boiler thermal stersses, so life of
boiler increased.
Economisers utilized waste heat from flue
so fuel consumption of
gases,
boiler reduces.
Increased evaporate capacity of
boiler.
Disadvantages
Economisers placed at passage of
the flow of flue gases , so
pressure drop take place of
flue gases (loss of draught)
Air-preheater: An Essential Element
of Fuel Fired Steam Power Plants
What is air preheater?
A device, which increases the
tempurature of air
before it supply to the
furnance using heat from
flue gases passing through
chimney.
Types of air preheater
Recuperative Regenerative
type air type air
preheater preheater
Recuperative turbulent
type air preheater
•Construction
•Working
•Advantages
•Disadvantages
Construction
installed between
An air preheater is
economisers and the chimney .
It consists of large numbers tubes
which arranged in the path flue gases
shell .
Inlet air is at lower end .
Baffles are provided inside air preheater .
The soot hoppper is provided at the
bottom .
Working
Hot flue gases enters into tubes from the
top of the shell and leaves from to the
chimney.
The inlet air at R.Tem. Is admitted into the
shell with the help of the fan.
The air passes upward around the tubes
in the opposite direction to the flow of
the hot gases.
Working
Baffles increases the total path length of air
and thus increase heat transfer .
The heated air leaves at the upper end of
the tube bank absorbing heat from the
hot flue gases.
The soot hopper provided at the bottom
is used to collect soot during cleaning
operation of the tubes.
Advantages of air
preheating
Preheated air increases combustion
rate and then increases steam
generations rate of boiler.
Due to higher temperature of air, furnance
temperature increases, so low grade
coal can be burnt efficiently .
Advantages of air
preheating
Air heated by heat of exhaust gases.
It reduces fuel consumptions .
Therfore thermal efficiency of
boiler increased.
Disadvantages of air
preheating
There are formations of clinkers , on the
grate due to higher combustion
temperature.
Natural draught is not possible with air
pre heater because of temperature of flue
gases is reduced , also pressure drop take
place in the flow of the flue gases.
therfore forced draught is required.
