BASKETBALL

What is basketball?
Basketball is a team sport. It is played indoors. Two teams of five players each try to
score points against one another by throwing a ball through a 3 m high hoop. Each
hoop is placed at the end of a rectangular court.
Basketball is one of the most popular and widely viewed sports in the world.
History of Basketball
James Naismith, a Canadian physical education
instructor invented basketball in 1891. Back then the
game was played with an ordinary soccer ball and
peach baskets between 2 teams of 9 players each.
There were 13 rules.

Soon metal rims replaced the peach baskets with

netting underneath. Later people cut the netting so that
the ball could go through.

Senda Abbott first introduced basketball to woman in 1892.

Professional basketball started in 1869 in New Jersey, USA.

EVOLUTION OF BASKETBALL HOOP

JANUARY 1, 1891
THE FIRST BASKETBALL HOOP
The first basketball hoop was created by Dr. James
Naismith in 1891. The original basket was a peach
basket that had no hole with a metal rim to support.
Finally the basket was put on a 10 foot pole and then
players would try and score. Every time the ball went in
the basket it had to be retrieved by getting a ladder to
climb up and get it. This created problems with timing
and scoring.
JAN 1, 1893
BACKBOARD ADDED
Only 2 years after the sport of basketball is invented
the backboard was added to the game. Problems
without the backboard caused fans to interfere with
players shots and a rebound was not a part of the
game. Backboards were able to improve and
enhance the game to what it is today. In 1904
wooden boards became mandatory and in 1909
glass boards became more common.

JAN, 1 1894
BASKETBALL
In 1894 the first manufactured basketball was
created and made of leather. This soon was taken
over by a company called Spalding that created the
new and improved basketball that we know today.
Throughout the years this company was able to
conceal laces, maintain shape and size, and keep
updating the basketball with he culture that
surrounded it. Because of Spalding the game of
basketball was preserved through the years.

JAN 1, 1901
METAL RIM
With 10 years passing of the sport of basketball the metal rim
was added to the game. The net was still closed off but the
basket became more modern to what it is today. This lead to
the innovation of a net instead of a basket. A metal rim gave
support to the backboard and wouldn't fall over like the peach
basket if a player were to dunk the basketball.
JAN 1, 1912
NET INSTEAD OF BASKET
The net at first was a peach basket that was put on a 10
feet pole. In 1892 the first the first woven wire rims were
created which led to cast iron rims in 1893. Finally in 1912
the nylon nets that are used today were created. Because
of this open- ended net the game was able to move faster
and have more scoring opportunities since now the game
could move along.

How basketball is played

 Basketball is played by two teams who score points by throwing a ball into the
opposing team's basket. The team who scores the most points are the winners.
 Each team has a squad of 12 players to choose from. Five of those players are
allowed on the court at any one time, with unlimited substitutions.
 Players can move the ball around the court by passing, tapping, throwing, rolling
or dribbling.
Duration
 The game consists of four quarters of 10 minutes each, with a 15-minute break
at half-time.
 There are also two-minutes interval between the first and second periods, and
between the third and fourth periods.
 If the game is tied after the fourth period, it continues with an extra period of five
minutes, then as many five-minute periods as are necessary to break the tie.
Main Officials
 Main officials include one referee and one umpire.
 The court is divided between them and they swap places after each foul
involving a free throw penalty, as well as after each jump ball decision.
 They use whistles and hand signals to make and explain their decisions.
 Each game begins with a jump ball.
 The referee throws the ball into the air in the centre circle and two opposing
players leap up and try to tap it away.
 Each player is allowed two taps before the ball hits the ground, a basket, a
backboard or another player.

Set of simple rules

  The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
 A player cannot run with the ball.
 A player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, or dribble the ball
with one hand while they are running.
 The ball must be held by the hands.
 A foul is striking the ball with the fist.
 A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the
basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or
disturb the goal.
If the ball goes over the backboard, hits the side or the top of the backboard,
then the ball is officially out of play.
SCORING SYSTEM
 Three points are awarded if a player makes a basket from beyond the three-
point arc.
 Two points are awarded if a player makes a basket from within the three-point
arc.
 One point is awarded if a basketball is made after a foul, while shooting from the
free throw line.
OFFICIAL SIZE OF A BASKETBALL COURT
VIOLATIONS
Travelling
- Taking more than a step and a half without dribbling the ball. Moving you pivot
foot once you’ve stop dribbling.
Double Dribble
- Dribbling the ball with both hands at the same time or picking up the dribble and
dribbling again.
Three Seconds
- Offensive players are not allowed to stay in the free throw lane, or key, for more
than three seconds.
8 Seconds
- The offensive team has 8 seconds to get the ball across half court. If it takes
longer than 8 seconds, then they will lose possession of the ball.
5 Seconds (Inbounding)
- Once the referee hands the ball to a player, they need to inbound the ball within
5 seconds.
24 Seconds
- teams have to make a shot within 24 seconds. f not, then the violation results in
change of ball possession.
Backcourt
- When an offensive player brings the ball to the half-court line and then moves
back to the mid-court line.
Out of bounds
- The ball touches the ground outside the lines of the court. Lines are considered
out of bounds. It is also out of bounds if the ball touches a player who has any
part of their body touching the ground out of bounds.
Goaltending
- When a player interferes with a shot when it is above the rim, but still on its
downward path to the basket. If goaltending is called on the defense, the shot is
called good. If goaltending is on the offense, then the shot does not count and
the defense gets the ball.
TYPES OF FOULS
1. PERSONAL FOUL - illegal personal contact with an opponent. It is the most
common type of foul.
2. TECHNICAL FOUL - a violation of certain rules of the game, not usually involving
physical contact, but often involving unsportsmanlike actions.
3. FLAGRANT FOUL – A player’s violent contact leads to Flagrant foul. These
contacts are intentional, brutal and dangerous to a player.

PERSONAL FOUL
Holding: When a player stops the opponent from moving by holding them.
Illegal Screen/Pick: If the player doesn’t maintain the position while setting screen or
pick.
Charging: A defender stands in front of the opponent, and the offensive player touches
the defender. If the defender is standing outside the charge circle, it is foul.
Blocking: When the defender is not positioned inside the charge circle and still makes
contact with the offensive player.

TECHNICAL FOUL
Unsportsmanlike Conduct: When the players or coaches show unsportsmanlike conduct
like taunting the other team, using profane language towards any of the officials.
Personal foul + Foul Out: It happens when a player who is fouled out of the game plays
because of a lack of substitutes and still commit a personal foul.
More Timeout: When the team has used all their allotted timeout, but still calls for a
timeout.
Illegal Gamesmanship: When the game is delayed.
Illegal Defense: When the players are arranged in illegal defense.
FLAGRANT FOUL
A player’s violent contact leads to Flagrant foul. The contact is brutal, harsh, cruel, and
dangerous for a player. The contact can be deliberate or intentional. The player who
commits these fouls can be removed from the game.
Additional 2 Free throws and Ball possession are awarded to opponent if a player
commits a flagrant foul.

Fouled out
-a player who commits more than five personal fouls in a game, or six in some leagues
and tournaments, fouling out and is not allowed to play the remainder of the game.
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https://www.kreedon.com/all-about-basketball/
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https://realhoopers.com/fouls-and-violations-in-basketball/
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http://hooptactics.com/Basketball_Basics_History