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Database Languages in DBMS

The document discusses the different types of database languages used in a DBMS: 1. DDL (Data Definition Language) is used to define the database structure and schema. It includes commands like Create, Alter, Drop, etc. 2. DML (Data Manipulation Language) is used to access and manipulate data through commands like Select, Insert, Update, Delete. 3. DCL (Data Control Language) is used to control access privileges through commands like Grant and Revoke. 4. TCL (Transaction Control Language) includes Commit and Rollback commands to save or undo transactions on the database.

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Prabhat Katariya
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14 views

Database Languages in DBMS

The document discusses the different types of database languages used in a DBMS: 1. DDL (Data Definition Language) is used to define the database structure and schema. It includes commands like Create, Alter, Drop, etc. 2. DML (Data Manipulation Language) is used to access and manipulate data through commands like Select, Insert, Update, Delete. 3. DCL (Data Control Language) is used to control access privileges through commands like Grant and Revoke. 4. TCL (Transaction Control Language) includes Commit and Rollback commands to save or undo transactions on the database.

Uploaded by

Prabhat Katariya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Languages in DBMS

o A DBMS has appropriate languages and interfaces to express database queries


and updates.
o Database languages can be used to read, store and update the data in the
database.

Types of Database Languages


1. DDL(Data defination language)
2. DML(Data manipulation language)
3. DCL(Data control Language)
4. TCL(Transation control Language)

1. Data Definition Language (DDL)


o DDL stands for Data Definition Language. It is used to define database structure
or pattern.
o It is used to create schema, tables, indexes, constraints, etc. in the database.
o Using the DDL statements, you can create the skeleton of the database.
o Data definition language is used to store the information of metadata like the
number of tables and schemas, their names, indexes, columns in each table,
constraints, etc.

Here are some tasks that come under DDL:

o Create: It is used to create objects in the database.


o Alter: It is used to alter the structure of the database.
o Drop: It is used to delete objects from the database.
o Truncate: It is used to remove all records from a table.
o Rename: It is used to rename an object.
o Comment: It is used to comment on the data dictionary.
These commands are used to update the database schema that's why they come under
Data definition language.

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)


DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. It is used for accessing and manipulating
data in a database. It handles user requests.

Here are some tasks that come under DML:

o Select: It is used to retrieve data from a database.


o Insert: It is used to insert data into a table.
o Update: It is used to update existing data within a table.
o Delete: It is used to delete all records from a table.
o Merge: It performs UPSERT operation, i.e., insert or update operations.
o Call: It is used to call a structured query language or a Java subprogram.
o Explain Plan: It has the parameter of explaining data.
o Lock Table: It controls concurrency.

3. Data Control Language (DCL)


o DCL stands for Data Control Language. It is used to retrieve the stored or saved
data.
o The DCL execution is transactional. It also has rollback parameters.

(But in Oracle database, the execution of data control language does not have
the feature of rolling back.)

Here are some tasks that come under DCL:

o Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a database.


o Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the user.

There are the following operations which have the authorization of Revoke:

CONNECT, INSERT, USAGE, EXECUTE, DELETE, UPDATE and SELECT.


4. Transaction Control Language (TCL)
TCL is used to run the changes made by the DML statement. TCL can be grouped into a
logical transaction.

Here are some tasks that come under TCL:

o Commit: It is used to save the transaction on the database.


o Rollback: It is used to restore the database to original since the last Commit.

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