Historical Research Report

The History, Heritage, Customs,

and Religions of Pampanga

Readings in the Philippine History

Kimberly Therese M. Lavalle

BSA 101
Introduction

Pampanga, located in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines, offers a wealth of

opportunities for exploration and discovery. The province covers a total area of 2,002.20 square

kilometers (773.05 sq mi), situated in the south-central part of the region. When including

Angeles City for geographical purposes, the province's area increases to 2,062.47 square

kilometers (796.32 sq mi). Tarlac borders it to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast, Bulacan to

the east, Manila Bay to the central south, Bataan to the southwest, and Zambales to the

northwest. Its terrain is relatively flat, with one distinct mountain, Mount Arayat, and the notable

Pampanga River. Among its municipalities, Porac has the largest area with 314 square kilometers

(121 sq mi); Candaba comes in second with 176 square kilometers (68 sq mi); followed by

Floridablanca with 175 square kilometers (68 sq mi). Santo Tomas, with an area of only 21

square kilometers (8.1 sq mi), is the smallest.

Visitors will surely have a constructive and enriching experience when exploring Pampanga's

unique blend of history, culture, and cuisine. The province's reputation as the "Culinary Capital

of the Philippines" is a testament to its diverse and flavorful cuisine, a must-try for any food

lover. In addition to its food, Pampanga's rich history and culture are waiting to be explored,

from its pre-colonial kingdom to its role in the Philippine-American War. Visitors can also enjoy

the province's bustling cities and breathtaking landscapes, which offer a mix of modern and

traditional attractions.

Overall, Pampanga is a compelling and captivating destination that is sure to leave visitors with a

newfound appreciation for the Philippines' vibrant culture and heritage. With its diverse and

flavorful cuisine, rich history and culture, and stunning landscapes, Pampanga is a destination

that is bound to offer something for everyone. So, whether you're a food lover, a history buff, or

simply looking to explore a new place, Pampanga is worth a visit.

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The History of Pampanga

Pampanga has a long and storied history that dates back to

pre-colonial times. The province was once home to a

powerful kingdom called Kapampangan, which was known

for its advanced irrigation system, skilled artisans, and

strong military. The kingdom was defeated by the Spanish

in the 16th century, and Pampanga became one of the first

provinces to be colonized by the Spanish.

 During the Spanish colonial period,

Pampanga became a hub for agriculture,

particularly sugarcane and rice. The

province's fertile land and abundant water

supply made it an ideal location for

farming, and many haciendas were

established throughout the province. The

Spanish also built several churches and

other religious structures in Pampanga, which still stand today and serve as reminders of the

province's colonial past.

In the 19th century, Pampanga

played a significant role in the

Philippine Revolution against

Spanish rule. The province was a

key location for the Katipunan, the

revolutionary organization led by

Andres Bonifacio, and many of its

members were from Pampanga. The province also saw several skirmishes between the

revolutionaries and the Spanish, including the Battle of San Fernando in 1896.
After the Spanish-American War, Pampanga became a province of the newly formed Philippine

Republic. During the American colonial period, Pampanga was a center for the sugar industry,

and many American companies established plantations and mills throughout the province. The

Americans also built several infrastructure projects in Pampanga, such as the San Fernando Train

Station, which played a significant role in the country's transportation industry.

During World War II, Pampanga was occupied by the Japanese, who established a military

government in the province. The province saw several battles between the Japanese and the

Allied forces, particularly in the city of San Fernando. After the war, Pampanga was rebuilt and

became a hub for industry, particularly manufacturing and tourism.

Today, Pampanga is a thriving province that is known for its unique culture, delicious cuisine,

and vibrant festivals. Its rich history is still visible in its landmarks, museums, and traditions,

which serve as reminders of the province's storied past.

The Historical and Heritage Sites of Pampanga

Pampanga is home to a variety of historical and heritage sites that reflect its rich cultural and

architectural legacy. These sites provide a glimpse into the province's storied past and are

important landmarks that contribute to its identity. Here are some notable historical and heritage

sites in Pampanga:
1. San Fernando Train Station - This historic

train station played a significant role in the

transportation industry during the American

colonial period. Today, it serves as a museum that

showcases the province's railway history.

2. Betis Church - Also known as the St. James

the Apostle Parish Church, this Baroque-style

church is considered one of the most beautiful

churches in the Philippines. It is known for its

intricate wood carvings and stunning frescoes.

3. San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites - Held every

Holy Week, this reenactment of the Passion of

Christ is one of the most unique and intense

religious rituals in the country. It culminates in the

crucifixion of a volunteer penitent.

4. Museo ning Angeles - This museum showcases

the history and culture of Angeles City, with

exhibits on the city's founding, its role in the

Philippine-American War, and its recovery from

the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.

5. Nayong Pilipino Clark - This cultural theme

park features replicas of traditional Filipino houses,

as well as exhibits on the country's history and

culture.

6. Santa Catalina de Alejandria Church - This

historic church in the town of Porac is known for its

beautiful facade and intricate details. It was built in

the early 17th century and has been a symbol of the

town's heritage ever since.

These are just a few of the many historical and heritage sites that Pampanga has to offer. Visitors

can explore these sites to gain a deeper appreciation of the province's rich culture and history.

The Native Customs of Pampanga

The province of Pampanga is known for its rich cultural heritage and customs that have been

passed down from generation to generation. Some of the native customs of Pampanga include

the following:

1. Kapampangan Language: One of the unique features of Pampanga's culture is its language,

Kapampangan. It is considered one of the oldest and most sophisticated languages in the

Philippines. It has its distinct grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

2. Giant Lantern Festival: This festival is one of the most popular events in Pampanga. It is held

every December in the city of San Fernando, where participants showcase their creativity by

creating giant lanterns made of bamboo and colored paper. These lanterns are then paraded

around the city, and a grand competition is held to determine the best lantern.

3. Sinukwan Festival: Another major festival in Pampanga is the Sinukwan Festival. It is held

every November in the city of San Fernando and celebrates the province's rich cultural heritage.

The festival features street dances, colorful costumes, and musical performances that showcase

the province's traditional customs and beliefs.

4. Traditional Cuisine: Pampanga's cuisine is also an important part of its culture. The province is

known for its delicious dishes that reflect its history and diverse influences. Some of the most

popular dishes include sisig, tocino, longganisa, and kare-kare. These dishes are often served

during special occasions and celebrations.

5. Religious Practices: Pampanga is also known for its religious practices, particularly during the

Holy Week. The city of San Fernando is famous for its reenactment of the Passion of Christ,

where participants whip themselves as a form of penance. This practice is known as "panata" and

is a way for the faithful to show their devotion to God.

These are just some of the native customs of Pampanga that make the province a unique and

interesting destination to explore.

The Religions of the Place and Ceremonies of Pampanga

Pampanga is a province in the Philippines that is known for its rich history and culture, which is

heavily influenced by religion. The majority of the population in Pampanga is Roman Catholic,

with a significant minority of Protestants and members of other Christian denominations.

Religion plays an important role in the lives of the people of Pampanga, and many religious

events and ceremonies take place throughout the year. One of the most significant religious

events in Pampanga is the Lenten season, which is celebrated with great fervor and devotion.

During the Lenten season, many towns and cities in Pampanga hold processions and

reenactments of the Passion of Christ. One of the most famous and controversial of these events

is the San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites, which involves penitents being nailed to crosses as a form

of self-sacrifice.

Aside from the Lenten season, many other religious festivals and ceremonies take place in

Pampanga, such as the Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe in December, the Feast of the

Immaculate Conception in December, and the Feast of San Lorenzo Ruiz in September.

In addition to these religious events, there are also many religious landmarks and sites of worship

in Pampanga. One of the most famous of these is the San Guillermo Parish Church in Bacolor,

which was buried in lahar during the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 and has since been

partially restored. There is also the St. James the Apostle Parish Church in Betis, which is known
for its intricate woodcarvings and is considered one of the most beautiful churches in the

Philippines.

Overall, religion is an important part of the culture and identity of Pampanga, and the various

festivals, ceremonies, and landmarks are a reflection of the deep faith and devotion of its people.

Arguments

Positive Stand

Pampanga is a province in the Philippines that has a lot of positive sides. One of the most

popular attractions in Pampanga is Mount Pinatubo, which is known for its scenic views and

beautiful lakes. Pampanga is also known for its rich culinary culture, with many delicious dishes

such as sisig, tocino, and lechon originating from the province. Additionally, Pampanga is home

to numerous historical landmarks such as the San Guillermo Church and the Pampanga Capitol

Building. The province is also known for its vibrant festivals such as the Giant Lantern Festival

and the Lubenas Festival, which showcase the unique culture and traditions of the Kapampangan

people. Overall, Pampanga is a great place to visit for anyone who wants to experience the

beauty, culture, and history of the Philippines.

Negative Stand

While Pampanga has many positive qualities, like any other place, it also has its negative sides.

One of the main concerns in Pampanga is traffic congestion, especially in the city of Angeles.

The province has a high population density, which contributes to the traffic problem. Another

issue in Pampanga is the occasional flooding during the rainy season, which affects some
low-lying areas. Additionally, while Pampanga is known for its culinary culture, some of its

dishes, such as sisig, are high in fat and calories and may not be suitable for those who are

health-conscious. Finally, like many other provinces in the Philippines, Pampanga faces

economic challenges, with many residents struggling to make ends meet. Despite these issues,

Pampanga remains a beautiful and fascinating place to visit, with much to offer tourists and

residents alike.

Final Stand

Overall, Pampanga offers a perfect blend of rich culture, delicious food, natural beauty, and

warm hospitality. From the culinary capital of the Philippines to the stunning Mount Pinatubo,

Pampanga has something to offer for everyone. You can explore historical landmarks, attend

vibrant festivals, try out traditional dishes, and enjoy scenic views. With its convenient location

near Manila and friendly people, Pampanga is an ideal destination for anyone looking for an

unforgettable travel experience.