SIEMENS 7UT75/7UT76 Static Two-Stage Differential Protection | Le. €73000-G1176-C43-1SIEMENS Static Two-Stage Differential Protection TUT7S5 for two-winding transformers and motors 7UT76 for three-winding transformers Instruction Manual Order No: C73000-G1176~C43~1-2- Contents - Page fs THustration 1 2. Application 4 2d Features 6 3 Composition of apparatus 7 3a Dimensions 7 3.2 Arrangement of device functions/modules 7 3.3 Ordering data 9 a Techwical data 10 Mode of operation 12 r Function of complete unit 12 Taput /output portion M4 Input transformers with input interfaces 14 Power supply 4 Output stages 15 Current input circuits 5 Measurement module 16 Complete circuit 16 6. ‘Installation instructions 23 6. Unpacking, 23 6.2 Readiness for use 23 6.3 Preparation for use 23 6.3.1 Checking the external connections (Check list) 2 1 Operating instructions 28 aL Safety precautions 28 22 Arrangement and setting of the setting elements 28 7.2.1 Setting principles 28 7.2.2 Installation and selection of matching transformers 29 7.2.3 Getting the pick-up current 36 73 Preparation for testing 38 14 Test procedure 39 7.4.1 General 39 7.4.2 Checking the output contacts 39 7.4.3 Checking the operating values 40 7.4.4 Checking of all settings ad 7.4.5 Checking the response voltages 41 7.4.6 Checking the inrush stabilization 42 7.4.7 Checking the characteristic for 7UT75 43 7.4.8 Checking the characteristic for 7UT76 4 7.4.9 Checking the operating time 45 75 Making ready for service 47Abbi deo et vt Mechanical parts Maintenance Fault tracing systematic fault tracing Repairs Storage Circuit diagrams alternating current direct current current transformer voltage transformer = Current = Rated current (normally relay rated current) = Tripping effect current (operating current) = Stabilizing effect current (stabilizing current) = Turns ratio = Voltage 51 51 522 Application The two-stage differential relay is a highly sensitive current comparison pro- tection relay which will detect short-circuits within a zone determined by two or three sets of current transformers. Principally, 7UT75 is used for the pro- tection of motors and two-winding transformers and 7UT76 for the protection of three-winding transformers. The relay will detect 1, 2 or 3-phase and double earth faults, including those for which one earth point lies outside the protected zone. If two-stage relay 7UT75 is used for the protection of 3-phase motors, not only the usual features - fast response for internal faults, stability against external faults - but also inrush currents which must not cause faulty opera- tion, must be considered. Their influence on the differential circuite is quite different for a motor than for a transformer. When energizing a power transformer, the inrush current always flows only through the cts on the energizing side of the transformer. The ct secondary currents flow at their full value through the out-of-balance path of the dif- ferential system, whilst the cts on the non-energizing side of the transfor- mer contribute absolutely no balancing current. In contrast, with 3+phase motors, both the line side and star-point cts are loaded simultaneously with the motor breakaway current. When using cts with identical characteristics on both sides of the motor no out-of-balance current is supposed to occur under these conditions. Not: This booklet describes static transformer differential protection relays 7UT75 and 7UT76 of factory production series 7UT7##**-#kK/CD and .../CC.Such good conformity of cts and their burdens is rarely possible in practice. Matching of the real component of secondary current can be achieved with a realistic investment but not so the inductive component. Thus, unequal time constants for demagnetizing of the ct cores result during inrush tran- sients with dc components. Because the cts then operate at different points on their magnetizing characteristics for a transient period, differences in transformation occur, which lead to differential currents in the tripping relay path, detectable by this sensitive relay. These currents usually occur immediately after the inrush transient. Thus, currents which flow through the tripping path of a differential relay during inrush have different causes and are of different types and values for motors and transformers. When energizing a transformer, the inrush is seen only by the cts of the energizing side and is characterized by very strong 2nd harmonic content. This characteristic is identified by the relay and is used to prevent erroneous operation. In contrast, when energizing a motor, any ct differential current caused by the transient behaviour of the cts themselves resp. their burden flows through the tripping circuit of the relay. Although very significantly less than those for a transformer, they often lie above the pick-up value and have no iden- tifying 2nd harmonic. Differential relay 7UT7* has, therefore, two stages (figures 4 and 8). - a highly sensitive fine stage which operates only after a specific time delay - a coarse stage which operates only for large differential currents, but then instantaneously. Dependant upon the value of the inrush differential current, this stage can be set at a value 3 to 5 times that of the sensitive (fine) stage. This two stage design guarantees fast response to winding faults with high fault currents plus sensitive response to faults with low level currents which, practice shows, can be tolerated for a longer time.Since large motors are often 'block connected’ with a transformer, so that energizing currents with second harmonic content also appear, the motor dif- ferential protection relay also incorporates 2nd harmonic stabilization as the transformer differential relays (e.g. 7UT72/73). Thus, relay 7UT75 is suitable for applications with the most difficult switching characteristics for motors, transformers and motor-transformer combinations. Particularly in power station auxiliary circuits, the use of the two-stage differential relay for the protection of transformers can be advantageous since in such applications high de content transients during transfer swit- ching operations can cause temporary saturation of the ct cores. Under these conditions the two-stage operation of 7UT75 prevents false tripping. Relay 7UT76 is particularly suitable for the protection of inrush-critical three- winding transformers with very long transient decay times and with low 2nd harmonic content. 2a Features - 3 independant measuring circuits with one common limit-value evaluation circuit - tripping characteristic independant of type of fault - two-stage measured value processing - fast response coarse stage - time delayed high sensitivity stage = current stabilization against through-fault operation = filter stabilization against heavy magnetizing inrush currents.Differential protection relays 7UI7* are assembled in self-contained cases type 7XP7720-2, available for either surface or flush mounting. Fixing dimen- sions correspond to those of the earlier, conventional, relay case series EG12 (7XP7021-2). cr = ° ae i csente 7 ‘rounding serew HS 8 woh Grounding screw M5 ) Case 777720 1p) £288, 7X87720 Surface mounting Flush mounting Fig 2 Case 7KP7720 3.2 Arranger Differential relays 7UT7* are members of a family of protective devices in modular plug-in technique. That is, the functional components of the devices, measured input, measured value processing are all mounted on printed circuit board assemblies.Das} Ba ° Hien Bas| Bs Be en Be ‘Bos Boe Bes po ft a wreTie ® For 70175 ~ a blank plate For 7UT76 - 6 interface circuits for measured value inputs @ Measuring module 77D34 @ current input module for phase Ll Front view of differential Fig 3 ® @ Current input module for phase L2 ® current input module for phase L3 @© 9 interface circuits for measured value inputs, plus output relays relay 7UT75/7UT763.3 Ordering data Solid-state, two-stage differential protection relay 7UT7 for 2-winding transformers for 3-winding transformers Order No. 7ur7 o-Caall Rated Rated frequency fy we Ty, 60/125 V d.c. 110/220 V dec. Case 78P77 2 case, for surface mounting for flush mounting Example: Transformer differential protection fort Two-winding transformer Iy 7 1 A/50 He Battery: 110 V panel mounting: surface Ordering code; 7UT7510-3AA0 Accessories Order No. Matching transformer 4AMB1 70-748ore Measuring circuits Rated current I, Rated frequency fy Power consumption per phase in current transformer circuit at I 1A or 5 A ac 50 Hz or 60 Hz = 1A model N approx. 0.15 VA = 5A model approx. 0.30 VA Thermal overload capacity Iyt dA A = continuous andy 2x Ty - 108 30 x Ty 20 x I - 1s 100 x 1, 70 % Ty, - 0.5 5 250 x Ty 100 x Ty Settings | - fine stage, delayed ~ coarse stage, instantaneous In-rush stabilisation Operating time at 1 and setting 0.2 Ty s"° at 0.5 x 1y atl oxIy at 20 x Ty Resetting time Drop-out to pick-up ratio 0.2/0.3/0.4/0.5 x Ty fine stage x 3 and x 5 To en! Ten = 0.2 at Tey elx Ty approx. 650 ms (fine stage) approx. 55 eal approx. 12 ms | (3 fold coarse stage) >0.08 ... 1.08 approx. 0.7 Auxiliary supply cireuit Battery voltage Working range Consumption, approx. at U, = 220 V de at U, = 125 v de at Uy = 110 V de = 60 V de at Uy U, = 220 V/110 V de reconnectable or Uy = 125 ¥/60 V de reconnectable 80 to 115 % 19.3 1.4 Ww 11.0W 6.98-n- Output circuits Tripping relays Signal relays Indicators Remote reset 4 volt-free make contacts Switching voltage < 250 V= Current capacity <5 A= Switching capacity <1000 W; vA Ors 20 W5 va Local indication of trip Signal and readiness for operation Local or remote reset Rated voltages 24 ... 60 V de or 110 ... 250 V de (reconnectable) System data High-voltage tests High-voltage test Impulse voltage test High-frequency test (mal-function test) in accordance with VDE 0435 and TEC 255-4 2 kV mms, 1 min (routine test) 5 kV; 1.2/50 ps 3 positive and 3 negative shots at intervals of 5 s (type test) 2.5 kV; 1 Miz} 400 shots/second; T= 15 ps; duration 2 5 Climatic test Permissible ambient temperature = during service max. ~ during storage ~ during transport Humidity class according to DIN 40040 © °, = 5 Se to +40 2c 25 0C to 455 °c -25 °C to +70 °C Classification F condensation not permissible Mechanical stress tests - During service - During transport according to DIN 40046 10 Hz to 60 H: > 60 Hz to 500 Hi 0.035 mm amplitude 5 g acceleration 5 Hz to > 8 Hz to 500 Hi: 7.5 mm amplitude 2 g acceleration Dimensions /Wei ght Dimensions: Weight: 70175/76 (see 3.1) 7UT75: 7UT76: approx. 7.7 kg approx. 9.5 kg-2- 5. Function of complete unit Transformer differential relay 7UT75/7UT76 will ensure rapid and selective clearance of short circuits within the zone which it protects. It will detect 2-, or S-phase faults; also double earth faults, for which latter one earth point may lie outside the protected zone. (See block diagram, fig. 4). The relay is available for connection to cts with rated secondary currents (1y) of 1 A or 5 A and for frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, dependent on ver- sion. 70175 is designed for motors or two-winding transformers, 7UI76 for three- winding transformers. To ensure stability, even under conditions of differential currents caused by transformer tap-change settings or asymmetry, the pick-up value of the relay is designed to increase as the line current increases. To prevent false operation due to ct error, stronger stabilization occurs for through currents over 1.5 x Iy (figure 6 ) and the relay is also stabilized against inrush currents (figure 7), using the conventional principle of evaluation of the second harmonic content. The relay remains stable when the ratio of 2nd har- monic to fundamental frequency is as low as 0,20. This stabilization effect is itself limited to a maximum of inrush equal to 18 x Iy- The relay is so designed, that measured value evaluation, formation of sta~ bilizing and tripping effect signals are processed individually for each phase and only then fed via an OR-analogue circuit to a common trip trigger output. Thus each phase has its own separate filter network for determination of tripping effect and stabilizing effect currents.-13- In relay 7UI75, the differential current a1 for each phase can be measured by opening the bridges at the connection terminals (2-10, 5-11 and 8-12) and connecting a suitable instrument (see figures 10, 11). For the type 7UT76 this can be achieved by opening the relay starpoint at terminals 13, 14, 15 (see figure 12) in a similar way. Further, the voltages which are proportio~ nal to the differential currents can be measured at test sockets on the in- put modules (figure 9). Two output relays for tripping and indication signals have altogether 4 volt- free, closing contacts. Matching tmpet Input neasuring ovtput temsforer interface circuit circuit interfaces yl a A ute o Ties 1} 42+ 0 =ul4Exg Todication Fig 4 Block diagram - 7UT75 (70T76 is similar, but for 3-winding transformer) The protection is made up of a number of modules. Schematic diagrams are in figures 20 and 21, the physical arrangement of the modules is shown in Fi- gure 3, They are:14 - Input matching module (7UT76 only) Measuring module 77D34 Current input module 71D28 Phase Li Current input module 77D28 Phase L2 Current input module 71D28 Phase L3 ©GGO6080 Input /output portion, with interfaces, tripping relays and power supply. 5.2 Input /output_portion This comprises: 5.2.1 Input transformers with input interface 5.2.2 Power supply 5.2.3 Output stages This section is fixed, but with the exception of the power supply unit, can be removed after releasing the fixing screws. 5.261 input interfaces Por motor and two-winding transformer relay 7UT75, this unit contains for each phase 3 input circuits to form tripping effect, in-rush and through fault stabilization effect currents, assembled on one fixed module (figure 3, @®). For three-winding transformer relay 7UT76, two further input units for each phase are assembled on a further fixed module (figure 3,(2)). In the ine put section, the through fault current stabilization component is rectified and converted to voltage across a measuring resistor. The input relay for re- mote reset of the indicators is also mounted on this pcb. 5.262 The power supply unit will convert available auxiliary voltages into a stabi- lized voltage for the relay. For cooling purposes, some components are moun- ted on a fixed heat sink. Components for voltage stabilization are also moun- ted on peb (diagrams 20, 21).= 15 - 5.2.3 Output stages (output interface relays) Also mounted on peb (diagrams 20, 21), are two electro-magnetic relays for tripping and remote indication with two contacts each. Of the four available (closing) contacts, three are intended for circuit breaker tripping (2 or 3 breakers) and one for remote indication. However, the use of each contact can be freely chosen. 5.3 Current input cir: These comprise three-identical plug-in pebs LPl, LP2, LP3 (each 71D28) for the three phases. (Schematic diagrams 20 and 21; physical arrangement figure 3; ®@, © and @). wach peb is fitted with capacitors which, together with the inductivity of the input transformers, form resonance filter circuits to distinguish the desired tripping effect current (at rated frequency, fy) from inrush stabilizing effect at 2 £,, These signals are also rectified and converted to voltages across shunt resistors on these pcbs and combined with the through-fault current stabilization signal which comes from the input/ output portion (5.2). Subsequent circuits form the required pick-up characte- ristic (Figure 6). On the front plates of the modules, sockets are provided for measuring the following parameters: voltages proportional to the tripping effect currents (A) (Figure 9) and the value formed from the sum of I,, I, and I, i.e. S s 2H? the resultant value of {1, ~ I, ~ Tay] (the dynamic case, Ainere I, = tripping effect, I, = throughfauit stabilization effect and 1 = dnd eseonte inrush stabilization), or the static case [T, - 1,] for each separate phase (socket Avs). Note! Since the 3 modules LP1, LP2, LP3 are, for current comparison purposes, fac~ tory calibrated for each phase, interchange of these modules may lead to loss of relay accuracy,~ 16 - 5.4 This module comprises a plug-in pcb (LPS) with 32 connecting pins (schematic diagrams 20, 21; physical location figure 3, @)). Here the three output sig- nals from the 3 phase modules are amplified and combined. If their value ex- ceeds the set pick-up value (adjustable in steps), the tripping relays and indicator LED will be energized. Sockets and pin-plugs for selection of the setting are located on the front plate of the module, together with a green LED to indicate the readiness of the relay; a red LED to indicate “trip command operated" and a reset button for reset of the red LED. Equally, this indicator can be reset without open- ing the relay cover, by a button on the lower left hand side of the case, or remotely, by energization of the remote reset relay. 565 Compl The complete circuit for relay 7UT75 (for a motor or a two-winding transfor- mer) is shown in figure 5. Since a differential system can only compare cur- rents which are equal in phase angle and magnitude, a set of matching trans- formers (AW), for example, type 4AN5170-7AA is required when used for trans- formers. Selected to suit the ratio and connection of the protected power transformer they ensure that the ct secondary currents are converted to the same ratio and phase shift. Even if the main cts are of the correct ratio it is advisable to use matching transformers of ratio to ensure galvanic separation, When used as motor protection, matching transfarmers are not nec essary if only one of the main ct sets is earthed. It is important to ensure that the connection of the transformer star-point is correctly represented. In principle, any combination of transformer con- nection and current transformer ratios can be correctly matched to the dif- ferential protection system by using an appropriate matching transformer. In each case, the necessary ratio is determined from the power, rated volt ages, regulation and phase relationship of the protected transformer to- gether with the transformation ratio of the current transformers.are To prevent damage to a transformer by the passage of currents due to faults outside the protected zone, an overcurrent relay would be added to figure 5. This back-up protection will clear the fault after a specific time. Under fault conditions the protection system must completely disconnect the protected object from the network; the output module therefore controle all connected circuit breakers. The back-up protection, for which time delayed overcurrent relay is mostly used, has only to interrupt the current in the concerned circuit and thus trips only one breaker. For three-winding transformers the same considerations apply. The only dif- ference lies in the use of type 7UT76. In the case of 7UT76, the "TRIP" command is issued to all three circuit brea- kers. Uh ih u Li] aw in ot ives Y | 1d 5 = | — 3 ig 5 Principle diagram of differential protection for motor and trans— former with two windings= 18 - Figures 6 to 9 show the various characteristics of the 7UT7 series of relays. Figure 7 illustrates the way in which the pick-up value is increased by the effect of inrush stabilization (fed from one side of the transformer resp. motor only) in relation to the second harmonic content, that is in relation to the proportion Lyeu/Teye Even more precisely than by the second harmonic content, an inrush magneti- zing current is characterized by a displaced sinusoidal current. Characte- ristics of this current are the amplitude of the peak value f and its base width b. Since the circuits of the transformer differential relay produce from this displaced sine wave a stabilizing effect curve practically identi- cal to that of the second harmonic stabilization, the curve in figure 7 can be given an additional pair of axes based on the characteristic values f and >. To clarify these factors, two examples: A) Tyeq = 0) that is, Iy,,/Ie, = 0. There is no component of current con- taining second harmonic. The pick-up value corresponds to the point of intersection of the fault characteristic (for single sided feed) with the tripping characteristic shown in figure 6. B) If Igy = 5 x Ty and Tyey/Tgy = 0-3, the relay will be blocked. That i Tygy 7 O13 ¥ gy = O03 XS x Tye LS oTy Thus if one feeds a single sided current I,, = 5 x Iy to the relay and superimposes upon this a current of magnitude Iy¢y = 1.5 x Iy, the relay is blocked.-19- IMy 10 5 fold coarse stage 3 fold coarse stage Fine stage 4 Operating characteristic (T = 7. g Tor 3 rating value: 0.2 x Operating value: 0.2 x 14 2 4 6 a 10 2 % 16 Islly @ current which flows in one stabilizing winding or, sum of the currents in all branch windings Effect of temperature on the characteristic 5 TurT* wre anata a 0 Is!ly Fig 6 Tripping characteristics 7UT75/76~ 20 - 4 Tain ew b sued 05 7 ores 105°] 0,4 206° 0,3 237° 0,2 265° 01 T225°C 3o0et 0 02 03 08 1 alaaes) 5 10 Iwiin aya G2 62 102 2v2 fin Fig 7 Typical stabilization characteristic with sinusoidal mixed frequency currents, 7UT75/7UT76tls -~21- 414734 054 O64 034 024 Fine stage ot 0,05 4 0.04 4 0.03 4 0,024 3 fold coarse stege 5 fold coarse stage 0.01 02 03 04 05 1 2 34s 10 Tripping time characteristic 7UT75/76 20 Lan= 22 - a 7 ~ 5 < 2 s 2 s + s x s = «+ T 2 n = n ° ) a = S Differential current-proportional voltage at test sockets -A and M=~ 23 - 6 Install. 6.1 Unpacking The quality of packing is such that it will protect the equipment during transport, to the standard specified in DIN 40046 Part 7, Class 23. The equipment must be unpacked with care and without the use of force or inappropriate tools. The packing can be re-used for further transport, if applied in the same way. If alternative packing is used, it must also meet the requirements of DIN 40046 Part 7, Clace 23. 6.2 Readiness for use The relay is ready for operation immediately the auxiliary power supply is switched on. 6.3 Prep: The conditions for use, as laid down in VDE 0100/5.73 and VDE 0105 Part 1/7.83 must be observed. The relay must be connected to the protective earthing system at the terminal provided. Connections must be checked for correctness, using the checklist 6.3.1 and diagrams 10, 11 or 12. At 7UT75, the terminals 2 and 10, 5 and 11, 8 and 12 must be bridged each pair (may be via current measuring terminals); at 7UT76, from production series ... / CD on, the terminals 13, 14 and 15 must be brid- ged together in similar manner. Further, check the rated data of the system (frequency, ct rating etc) against the rated data of the relay, Also check that the complete identification code of each module agrees with the code printed on the lettered retaining strip. Check the MLFB* codes: * network frequency against that of modules 77D28 and 77D34 * the required case design. Check the settings against the procedure in section 7.2 "Arrangement and set- ting of the setting elements’. * Computer readable ordering code= 4 - 6.3.1 Checking the e: Switch off all Switch on main auxiliary power duc. battery / supplies auxiliary supply Polarity ! correct 2 Check continuity off all ct cir- cuits, using foltage system diagrams correct ? Switch off main hase sequence dic. battery / auxiliary supply Check continuity of wiring to polarit; circuit breaker | trip coil, using | 7 [eyetem a: agrans Check that dic. Check continuity aux. supply (60, 110,125 or 220¥) of signal cir- cuits, using is connected to term'}s 19...22 system diagrams @ does the connection correspond with the available battery voltage? (see connection diagram 10, 11 or 12)Sisk (aoyszea Kepas 03 Burps0992) 2p A 09 30 A OTT I-1/41 ———= (uotszea AvTox 03 Surpx0s9e) 2p A GZT 30 A OZ 27/47 * ie gufzuujou of af cl of gf of ef 2] a SRT SLINL i i bys AM 0z SPX AMOLL Mcri64 i>) "Gq | qa2 eee ee RH SZ ATT OT oY BY A Gy sa9equos Gurddyay, roy it poten eee Ve: suoraaauuos Kraaqeg 3 2 33 andut yasai ajomey Differential relay 7UT75 for a 2-winding transformer Example for Yd~ 26 - é (2déa Keyea 03 Burpscoze) 2p A 09 40 A OIL t-1/41 ———— (944 keqoa 03 Burpzos2") 2p A GzT 40 A O%Z 3-1/4 zu] woul seen SLIME Coa fie OE ez Be Se He ER CET Te eT ay i] Lif 9H] sqovquo> Buydd ray iy 4 m2 8 suozqoeuu0s 1939ed 3 t AOST anduy qasex eq0woy, ery 75 connected for motor protection Differential relay 7U Fig itar" 9LANe ther ws~ 28 - t Operating instructions 7a Safety precautions All safety precautions which apply for work in electrical installation are to be observed during commissioning. 7.2 Arran, All adjusting elements are located on the module front plates or directly on the printed circuit boards. The location of the individual modules is shown in figure 3. The settings are described in detail in the following. 7.261 Setting principles The settings are made by the positioning of pin-plugs on the fronts of the modules (see figure 13). The method of setting is described individually for each module. The setting is given by the position of the pin-plug and its location. If the marking line is horizontal, the plug is effective. If the line is vertical, the plug is not effective. Only one plug may be used in each module. Setting on 1S2 sz Gor 152 soz : were Fig 13 Selection of setting~ 29 - 7.262 When 7UT75 used as motor protection, matching is not necessary if both sets of cts on either side of the motor windings have the same ratio. Nevertheless, matching transformers with ratio 1:1 are recommended to separate the main ets galvanically. If matching transformers are not installed, only one set of main cts must be earthed to avoid spurious currents flowing via ground. The rest of this chapter 7.2.2 is irrelevant for motors. Since differential relay 7UT75 (or 7UT76) monitors the equality of input current with output current in each of the thiee phases, the currents given by ctl and ct2 (Figure 14) must agree with each other in phase relationship and magnitude. For this purpose one installs a set of matching transformers, AW. In principle, any combination of transformer connection and current trans- former ratios can be correctly matched to the differential protection system by using appropriate matching transformers. In each case, the necessary ratio is determined from the power, rated vol- tages, regulation and phase relationship of the protected transformer to~ gether with the transformation ratio of the current transformers and, final- ly, the phase relationship of the matching transformers themselves. For regulated transformers, the mean current value of both extreme positions of the tap changer is to be taken as determining the ratio of the matching trans formers. In determining the current transformer connections, the treatment of the transformer star-point is important. If the transformer is directly earthed or earthed via resistance of Petersen coil, a phase-to-ground fault - even anywhere in the system - will cause a fault current to flow through the star- point. No similar earth fault current flows on the other side of the protect- ed power transformer. Consequently, for an earth fault beyond the protected zone, current would flow through the ster-point causing a zero sequence compo- nent unbalance in the relay and consequent nuisance tripping.= 30 - This nuisance tripping can be avoided by providing a delta connected tertiary winding in the matching transformer set, this will short circuit the zero-se- quence component allowing secondary ct currents to remain in balance. Matching transformers should always be installed, even for YyO group trans- formers where the secondary currents of the cts are equal at their respec- tive load currents, because of the benefits of galvanic separation between the two main ct sets. If one star-point of the protected transformer is earthed, the matching transformers should be installed on this side of the relay. This also applies when an earthed synthetic star-point (zig-zag choke) is present within the protected zone. For transformers with two earthed star-points (or two synthetic star-points), both sides of the relay shall be provided with a set of matching transfor- mers. These shall be so connected that the side facing the relay is connected in delta. If the star-point of a protected transformer is earthed via a Petersen coil (are suppressed), it must always be treated as an earthed star-point. If the star-point of the protected transformer is earthed, the star-point of the associated ct set must not be connected to the relay star-point (termi- nal 13 in figure 14). On the other hand, the star-point of a ct set shall never be left 'floating’. If the protected transformer is group Dy or Yd, it is recommended that the matching transformers be connected on the ¥ side. If, even after considering the above guidelines, the choice of location of the matching transformers is still free, it is logical to install them on the side on which the cts have the smaller burden.-a- It is recommended that one checks the connection groups by assuming that all the ratios are 1:1 and, assuming an external phase-to-phase fault, draws arrows for current flow on the sketch as in figure 14: AW Matching transformer Fig 14 Checking the matching circuits for a star/star transformer-32- Determination of the number of turns for the matching transformers is best made in the following way: 1, Obtain the necessary transformer data: Transfr. Rated output =P Rated voltages U,, U, (tapping range in case) Connection group Star-point treatment et. Nominal ratiog no.) and nogy Rated outputs Overcurrent factors where appropriate, existing burden 2. Prepare basic sketch (see figure 14), using data obtained under 1. 3. From the rated output and the upper and lower voltages of the protect~ ed transformer, calculate the rated currents of the upper and lower voltage sides. If the protected transformer has a voltage regulation range, then use the average value of the currents determined from the maximum and minimum voltages as the ‘rated’ current. (Do not use a cur- rent value calculated from the average value of the voltages!) 4, From the currents calculated under 3. and the ct ratios, determine the et secondary currents for the upper and lower voltage sides. 5. From 4. calculate the currents in the windings of the matching trans- formers; wheres wind fae for ¥ winding, Ty: .aing = Tphase ; 5 for D winding, Tyinaing * phase M2 6. If matching transformers are used on both sides of the protective relay, one should choose the ratios such that rated relay current flows in the protective relay when rated current flows in the protected transformer.ame 7. Calculate the transformation ratios of the matching transformers and thus the numbers of turns in the windings. It is convenient to set the ratio on a slide-rule and, with this setting, to search for a turns ratio whose sum does not exceed 20 turns (at 5 A rating) or 52 turns (at 1A rating). It is advantageous: a) to include as many turns as possible, to achieve the minimum vol- tage per turn. b) to avoid negative turns on the transformers. For group Yy, connect the remaining turns to form a delta winding. An example of calculation of the required ratio is as follows: Figure 15. Transformer 110/20 kV 35 MVA Y(N)d5, ctl 200/1, et2 1000/5. Rated current primary 183.7 A on the 110 kV, 1010 A on the 20 kV side. 0.919 A and 5.05 A. The relay 7UT75 will be connected on the 20 kV side: ct secondary current: Because, if an earth fault occurs in the 110 kV network, any zero sequence com- ponent which would flow through an earthed transformer star- point, would be withheld from the relay by the matching transformers, thus preventing incor- rect operation. Therefore, the 5 A version of 7UT75 is selected. The matching transformers shall have a ratio of approximately 0.919 A/ (5.05/V3 Ja. This transformation ratio results in selection of matching transformer type 4AM5170-7AA with turns ratio 38/12. For transformers with 3 windings, it depends on the power ratios of the win- dings, whether an overcurrent or distance relay is necessary for all three or only two windings.~ 34 = Considering the transformer in figure 12: Ratio 220 kV/110 kV + 22 %/20 kV Ratings 100 MVA/100 MVA/30 MVA Group YNyn0d5 ct ratios: ct1 300/1, ct2 500/1, ct3 800/5 Since the 20 kV winding could be overloaded with a multiple of its rated cur- rent without any adverse effect on either of the other windings, an overcur- rent protective device is essential for this winding. Also, the 220 kV wind- ing could suffer an unacceptable overload under conditions of simultaneous feed into the 110 kV and the 20 kV networks, without any other protective de- vice responding. Thus an overcurrent or distance relay is also necessary here. If the network conditions would allow the same circumstances for the 100 kV winding, an overcurrent or distance relay would also be essential for this limb. In determination of the matching transformer connections, the winding with the largest rating is used as the basis; in this case 100 MVA. This results in the following currents: 220 kV side primary 262.4 A, sec. 0.875 A 110 kv side primary min, 430.2 A, max. 672.9 A Average primary 551.6 A, sec. 1.103 A 20 kV side primary 2887 A, sec. 18.4 A To connect a 7UT76 relay of 1 A rating one could, for example, select the following ratios for the matching transformers: AWL: 16/26 turns AW2: 16/33 turns AWS: 2/39 turns For the relay settings, since 0.93 A flows at rated current, 0.4 seens at first sight to be the correct value but, in consideration of the + 22 % regu- lation, use 0.5.- 35 - it jen 20011 i | aa toe? YUN) GS. 4 rus Tits 4 aprhoe wom BAT flee 201s wet Fig 15 Connection of differential relay for transformer connection group Y(N)d5 Accessories Auxiliary current transformers 4AN51, 4AM52 Overview Tee ‘pstcation [Feesures 4AM51 70-7AA | tult-tap aux current rancformer to match diferent eurent von 4AMs2 72-2aa | tates imac ean AME2 72-388 | casio 7o~-TAA: stancara version, primary for transformer overall Gitferental protein, Muti-top aux 400152. 72-2AK: Version with double thermal withstand capability. eg, when connecting te wide-range curtenttransforme” {continuous rating 2 * Iu AMS2 72-34: Version with higher set I iver al protections | Windings of au: iary current transformers | numer of turns Ap oco fe VE LM HO Pos woight Uinreition to each other) Wa bi ut ty is approx 2AMB1 70-7AA | Rated current hy’) ale © & seers Heat 34kg Mar waltege vj) 2 4 48 2 4 wo 2 GAMS2 72-200 Rotes crvent i!) A} i 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 5 tg Max voltage 2 a i 4AMS2 72-3AA Rated current /') als 5 5 4 5 5s 5 4 5 9 | Max vottage vi 4 8 2% 6 2 8 2 6h max, thermal load if all windings are charged at the sane tine = 1.2x Ty/cont. 10 x 1/10 6 25x Ty/ ls- 36 - 7.2.3 Setting the pick-up current Setting of the pick-up (response) current is made, in coumon for all three phases, by pin-plugs on the module 77D34 @) (see figure 16). (eee Seiue ts pontion BF operating vet fr (green) "Ready" fine stage value 1D Indicator (red) "Trip Reset button As operating vatve for foarse stage is 5 fold fine seage value (eaceory setting) a) Front view b) part view of pcb Fig 16 Front view and part view of pcb of the measurenent module 77D34 When exact data are not available, the following table can be used as a start- ing point for the sensitivity setting: Where: I, is the rated current of the protected unit, Ty is the ct rated current, I, is the current setting. If the transformer tapping range is more than 10 %, the next higher setting - if possible - is chosen and for a tapping range over 20 % yet the next higher. Ranges over 30 % will normally require switching of the matching transformers.-~37- When setting the relay, it should be remembered that the relay current is not necessarily the relay rated value (1 A or 5 A) when rated current flows in the protected object. It is most important, however, to calculate ratio I,/ly exactly. Using the procedure: Uns, = maximum voltage at the top end of the tapping range Vain 7 Minium voltage at the bottom end of the tapping range Pay, § Bayp 7 tFansformation ratios of matching transformers all other reference data as described in 7.2.2, so that for a Yy connection of the matching transformers we havet and thus, for the setting when regulation is effected on the lower voltage side: tas The next higher available setting is selected. If regulation is effected on the high voltage side, use the appropriate method. If a Yd connection is used, the appropriate value for the current I, shall be calculated from the correct ratio: ™ Paw ~ NV Setting of the coarse stage (3 times or 5 times the fine stage) is made on the pcb of 7TD34 by relocating a solder bridge (see figure 16b).- 38 - 73 Preparations for testing If relay performance is to be checked against original performance data, the reference values for temperature, frequency etc. must be ensured (IEC 255). For electrical tests, the following equipment is recommended: 2 Adjustable voltage sources 50 Hz P220 VA 1 Adjustable voltage source 100 Hz P 220 VA 2 Matching transformers (current source) for max. 10 A (for max. 50 A for 5 A relays) with separate windings. (Own power consump- tion approx. 5 VA. 1 Phase shifter 50 Hz 20 VA for setting phase angle between 50 Hz and 100 Hz current components. (Can be omitted if one voltage source itself has phase angle adjustment). Oscilloscope (for monitoring phase angle). Timer (e.g. Siemens 7KB2041). Continuity tester. Universal ammeter ...0.2...10 A, 50-100 Hz, + 0.5 % Universal voltmeter 0.3 13: 30V, de, + 0.5 % Internal resistance 100 kOhm/V resp. >1 Mohn 1 Test adaptor for module 77D34 (C74334-A83-A1))) 1 On/ofé switch 10 A (50 A for 5 A relay) 1 Current transformer 50/5 A Class 0.2} 5 VA only for 5 A relay). Arrangements of the test circuits are shown in figures 10, 11, 12, 17 and 18. Functional check of the remote indicator contact(s) is best made with a con- tinuity tester. D po not use type 6XK1 O11 or model C74334-A83~Al-2= 39 - 14 Test procedure 7.6.1 General Accuracy of test results will depend, amongst other things, on the electrical characteristics of the test equipment. For example, the harmonic content of the test quantities shall not exceed + 3 % if the stated accuracy is to be achieved. Note: The tolerances given in the following test instructions refer to the device at operating temperature (voltage at least 4 hours applied). Other- wise an additional error of 5 % is to be considered. If a brand new relay is being commissioned, it is necessary only to check that all connections are correct and that the relay functions correctly. All tests relating to accuracy of performance can be ignored. 764.2 Check the position of the contacts, using a continuity tester, as auxiliary power is applied to the relay. Availability of auxiliary power is indicated by energization of the green LED on module 71D34 @. Output contacts, terminals 23-24; 25-26; 27-28; 29-30, are ‘normally open’ and should not close momentarily as the auxiliary voltage is switched on. When the tripping output contacts close, the red LED on 7TD34 is also ener- gized.7.4.3 Ghecking the operating - 40 - pd [Fe test velue into terminals 10 4 3 See fig. 10 to 12 Sot 1/Iy at 0.2 Sot Wy Slouly raise test, current far phase Ut up to max 1.2 tines expected operating value, nest ind on 77036, 3 current a! operating setting. Permiesibi 0. 2a, 40. 120 are clk Tern. 23/26;25/264 37/28;20/30) f test . by push button front of 77034 Repeat cane test for phage L2 Dut feed into teraipale 11. 13 aa)’ Repeat vane test for phase L3 bi Teed into terminals 12 473 as)" Stovly raise test current for U2 up to max 1.2 188 expected Gntsl indicator’ on 71034 comes Slouly reise test current for phase LS up to max 1.2 times expected operating value, on 71034 cones at 1g point/ wath bie vai 10.051, 3a 36 oY Read off teat Ros off tot current operating point/ setting. Permissible value 0. 2ety40-031y asf contacts |e cuca Term, 23/24125/26) | 27/20;29/30 Suitch off test set/Rosot insieaters by pressing button Bt Botton of nausing Suitch off test sot/Rovet indicaters by nergising note" relay, (Term. 16,17, 78) *) Terminals in ( ) for 7UT76 from production series .../CD on-a- Check the settings as detailed in check procedure 7.4.3 but omit repeated check of the TRIP contact. Check the settings in ell three phases in accor- dance with the following table, with due regard to the given tolerances: Setting on 77D34 Pick-up value Permissible tolerance 0.2 x Ty 0.2 x Ty ESR +0002 x Ty 0.3 x1, 0.3 x 1y 25% +£0.02 x Iy 0.4 x Ty 0.4 x Ty FSR +002 x15 0.5 x 1, 0.5 x Ty 45% +002 x1, 7.45 ages Check the voltages which appear at test sockets -A and M on the front of mo- dule 7728, at the following input test currents, for all three phases volt meter R, 1 NOhm: i 0.2 Ty + 3% UV yyy = 360 nv + 50 mv LO £37 Uy = 25 VF 0.250 Application of test current as in 7.4.3 The inrush stability of the relay can be tested by measuring the voltage which appears between sockets A-S and M at the moment when the power trans~ former is energized. In principle, it is possible tu measure the vectorially added values for tripping effect, through-fault stabilization and inrush stabilization currents, for each phase at these sockets. Under steady state conditions, the value of the difference between tripping effect and through fault stabilization effect is a criterion for the tripping quantity. In the initial (or quiescent) condition, when the differential current is zero, a voltage of approx. + 1.0 V should be present. As a measure of the stability of the relay, the difference between the measured voltage and the operating threshold is critical. The operating threshold is related to the set pick-up value and is + 1.4 V (at 0.2 x 1y)5 + 1.9 V (0.3 x Iy)s # 2.3 V (0.4 x Ty and + 2.7 V (0.5 x 1,). (All voltages dc, of course).~ 42 - 7.4.6 Checking the inrush stabili 7 1 Pheee Repest sana tect Repeat sane tost, Check test for Phage L2. ‘or Phase L3. circuit. Food test value into check tast check test oe iret Fong circuits Feed ‘ est valve into test veiun into put W/Iy plug on terngnale 44 13 teengnals 7413 ino aa) as) Ser figure 17. See figure 17. But 1/3) pug on ut 1/fy p2ug on front of 77034 front af 71034 in bees in dee. Slouly raise mixed. frequene currents for Phase Li, one after tha other. First raise 100 He current to 0.25x1,, then 50 Siouly raise Stouly raise " ixed frequency currents for currents for Phase L2, ono Phase L3, one after tha other. after the other. inst raise 100 First rales 100 irrent to He current to Hz current to thy 2.25x1, thon $0 “ wa curlent to oat a does not eS | operate. fed LED chee fon T1034 does not sues fone ane Fela) coen not i operete. Rea LED en 71034 ees ni on T1034 does not 6.2 | Stouly decrease |100 Hz test current until LEO Compare teat Slovly decrease 100 Hz test current until LED fon &1D3¢ comes on, Conpare test operating point uith correct (.2090.03)1, juith correct value: (0,2020.03)1y a Suiteh off test | set. Reset incicetora. Suiten off test Suiten off test | set. set. Reset indicators. Reset incicators. % The phase difference betvesn +) Terminals in () for 7UTT6 from fon series .../CD on, ive produ the maxima of the po: half waves shall be 0.~ 43 - 7.4.7 Checking the —t 1 Chock tha test circuit, tees 8 tri effect current 1," into terningle io 13 anda stabilising current I, into terainele 156 3, both currents equal in phase,uith plug setting 1/1,=0.2 en front of 71034 Slouly reise test curronts one after the other, firet 0 Sx, then 1 to Sxd,)0th I, untii ingicetor ch 77034 cones: ae Read off test current at eparating point compere with cores t value: 1,24,61,488 1 Suttch off test */Rseet inciceters Repeat the sane test for phose U2 but feed Current 1, inte ferninene’t & 33 end Ty inte terninald 446 : Repost the sane test for phase LS but feed test current J, into termineie"12 & T'ang ie ante terminal 789 Sleuly raise test currents one after the other, fiat 1, to Sxi)ehen 15 until indicator on 71034 cones, Slouly ress test currents fone efter the other, first 15 Pehen te Sx1,)0then 15 Until incicator on 77034 cones 12 v2 | Ross off test current at operating point/| inpere ufth correct value: Rese off tost current at operating point/| compare uith correct vsluer etd Tynes 6x1 48% Susten Suitch off test set/ Reset set/ Reset indicators incieatore 1) Do not exceed thermal overload capacity ace. "4. Technical datalt! Wait for cooling periods if necessary.= a4 = 7.4.8 Checking the characteristic for 7UT76 1 4 Check the test eat tho sane Repost the sane Arcuit. Food toate for phase tests for phase 2 trip ofre LZioue Feed trip US"be Fone trie current’ I, into ofrost current ttect curzent ene I, into teomina Ty into tominad 13'ane 116.13 (14)"sne 12 & 13 (15Y"and stabilising sees stebs2ising effect curzen te one urgent T, one ig into the. teen thePother after tneScther ince terminals {nto tepsinale 143, thon aeacee "t's," than 72°, then lleaacen 645) than 38 8) then ff as. rae. Stouly raise ly raise Put seteing test currants feat currents plug T/ty on fer obese for: phase L3 ond roe tao. titer the after the others socket. tsat Ie gt Sat Slouly rates then Ty untia nts fest currents inatcator on for on for phase Li 7036 cones en. one aftr the other, Fanet 1 to Sat," then 2.2 I otf an next BE Read off test ut current. Comp Note! ‘tls’ = ‘terminals’ JOD on. terminals in ( ) for 7UT76 from production series . Do not exceed thermal overload capacity acc. "4. Technical data. Wait for cooling period if necessary.7.4.9 45 - Repeat test for Phase 2 but feos Repeat test for Pheses U1, 12 Up stert!) end terminal 29 & 30. "Stop! att expired tine Put plug 1/ty in 0.2 on front of rosa, } crose auiteh st. Sieuly raise test current for Phase 1 to Dedxty 43K Andicetore est Fapoat sane teat Tor Phosa L3 but feed unto terminals 12 413 as) 1 Suiten off teat s0t/ Re incizators | Dpen eviteh 1S. Recieve auiteh SJ Read off operating with 70 ms +10 ne value Suitch off teat set/ Reset neicats into ternigets 11 Jand U3, but © 13 (4a) jchenge. Cranest Timer te So ee 38 terminal & ('Pick- set/ Re: ene erating toh off test set / Rosct indicators Caution! The current value 10 x 1, chal not be applied for longer thin 30 s. All compared time values should be the average of at least 3 separate rea~ dings. * > terminals in ( ) for TUTT6 from production series .../CD on,Paar 258 # Lele: 220 V o 125 ¥ (according to relay version) 28 TWA 10 ¥ or 60 ¥ (according to relay version) Battery connections - % ; Tripping contacts fo _tols tala |e ne mo7 mn as ereststy} ba | Tur 8 | won Fig 17 Connection for testing with mixed frequency currents & a | | 3 j ctr | | | W195 vats Tere ere sara so ‘ly shall be of the value of output voltage of the 50 He-generstor Fig 18 Connection for checking the operating time= 47 = 75 Making ready for servic Re-check all the settings (they may have been changed during the tests). Check that 11 modules are properly pushed into position and that all the setting plugs are fully inserted. Tighten down all terminal screws (inclu- ding those not used) and secure the module clamping rails. The mechanical parts are not stressed in any way during operation and there- fore need no maintenance. The correct location of the p.c.b. modules are shown in figure 3. For fault tracing it may be necessary to withdraw module 7TD34 and to rein- sert it with the adapter C74334-A83-Al. This allows access to further termi- nals for test measurements. CAUTION! Before withdrawing or inserting 7TD34, switch off the auxiliary supply. 9% The relay does not require any particular maintenance. All the measuring circuits are static and maintenance free, Input relays are hermetically sealed and output relays have protective caps. Approximately 3 months after commissioning it is recommended that a hrief functional tect be repeated. At this time, the conventional practice of checking all screwed terminals for tightness is also recommended. This one-time investment, shortly after the first commissioning can significantly increase the reliability of the terminal connections. Subsequently an occasional functional check at approximately 2 year inter- vals is adequate. at this opportunity, the tripping circuits and circuit breakers should be included. If, during these checks, any fault is discover- ed, the following various procedures are available:~ 48 = a1 Fault tracing In many cases an immediate identification of faulty circuits is possible when, for example, the LED on 7TD34 remains off, or the ‘trip! display does not appear on 77D34 when it should. The fault can be cleared by replacing the modules by spares, so long as these are available. If a fault is cleared by this procedure, the whole unit should be re-checked, as described in item Teds Modules 77D28, phases Ll, L2, L3 are not directly interchangeable and are not therefore fitted with tabs to allow them to be withdrawn (factory cali- brated). In the unavoidable event of exchange or interchange, the accuracy of the unit may be impaired, After replacement of any of these modules, a recalibration is required to keep the specified tolerances. When injection test sets are used for such tests it must be remembered that the relay will only demonstrate its design accuracy when supplied with para~ meters which themselves have harmonic content and frequencies within the reference conditions laid down in VDE 0435 Part 303, also test intruments with the required accuracies must be used (laboratory standard), All measure~ ments must be made at normal operating temperature. 9.2 Syster ing When the Lests described under item 7.4 are carried out exactly in the given sequence, the failure to meet tolerances, the non-appearance of LED signals or non-operation of contacts may indicate faulty modules. To aid systematic fault tracing, the schematic diagrams are numbered with the relevant references (3.2 or 3.3 or 7.2). If a fault occurs at one of these test steps then it can be attributed to the one (or more) of the modu- les identified from figure 19. Replace the concerned module(s) in the order given by the numbers 1, 2, 3 etc. If more than one module has the same se- quence number, these should be replaced simultaneously.- 49 - Simultaneous exchange of more than one module can be avoided by making addi- tional measurements. If, for example, a faulty indication appears when check- ing the tripping effect under criterion 3.1, the fault could equally be on module 77D28 or 71D34, By measuring the voltage between sockets -A and M as described in item 7.4.5 at 0.2 Iy, a decision can be made. If the toleran- ces are not achieved, the fault lies in module 77D28. For further localizing, module 77D34 can be reconnected via the test adaptor. After resetting in accordance item 7.4.3, point 3.1, 10 wA + 5 mA must flow through the adapter connections: When checking Ll, vie connection b16 12, via connection b20 13, via connection b26 If the tolerances are then maintained, the fault lies on module 7TD34. If identification of the faulty module is still not possible, one can also use an adaptor to check the auxiliary power supply. A voltage of + 15 V with @ tolerance of + 1 V must be present at connections (2L+), (M) and (2L-). The current consumption in the 'rest' (initial) and operated conditions is 55 +5 ms. Current consumption from the battery circuit (terminals 19 to 22), at Uy + 1% is: vu, Ty (ma) CH" ~ aux. supply voleage) 220 82... 95 110 91...109 125 B4...100 60 101...133 If these values are exceeded, a fault may be present in the power supply unit, replacement of which, as with other parts of the fixed portion, is not easy.- 50 - 77028 TIO34 Item Test step Ly} Lz peb 4 7.6.2 3.2 33 1 3b 2 1 35 36 2 37 38 113656 Eig 19 Allocation of faults to modules-~S51- After replacement of any module, the tests listed in 7.4 should be repeated. These described tests do not claim to be comprehensive. If it is not possible to trace and correct a fault by this method, the relay should be returned to the manufacturer for repair. 10. Repairs Repairs of faulty modules should, where possible, be carried out by the manufacturer or an authorised repairer. Such repairs require the use of specially selected components and correct calibration requires special test gear. Furthermore, work on the circuit boards requires special techniques to avoid damage to the ripple-bath soldered boards, printed circuits and protec~ tive coatings. ie Storage During storage, complete units and spare modules will withstand temperatures from -25° to 55°C, as described in VDE 0435 Part 303 or IEC Publication 255. The relative humidity should not be such as to cause condensation or ice formation. After long storage in extreme conditions (tropics) it is advisable to leave the unit switched on for 1 or 2 days before use, in order to warm it through, and specially to regenerate the electrolytic capacitors in the auxiliary vol- tage circuit.we= 54 - Subject to alteration Siemens Aktiengesellschaft €73000-G1176-C43-1 Available from: MWB Berlin Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany AG 0587 0.20 UBN 54 EnFeinstufe p}-— eee a Motor—Diff.-Schutz ec eaenl : C73207-AZ47-X6—x-12 _ 6 T 8[41028%2-0 U4 Siemens AG