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Example 1.1 Example 1.1 Example 1.1 Example 1.1 Example 1.1 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution

The document discusses calculating the mole fraction and molarity of solutions. It provides an example of calculating the mole fraction of ethylene glycol in a solution that is 20% ethylene glycol by mass. The mole fractions of ethylene glycol and water are calculated to be 0.068 and 0.932, respectively. A second example demonstrates calculating the molarity of a solution containing 5 g of NaOH dissolved in 450 mL of solution, which is determined to be 0.278 M.

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39 views1 page

Example 1.1 Example 1.1 Example 1.1 Example 1.1 Example 1.1 Solution Solution Solution Solution Solution

The document discusses calculating the mole fraction and molarity of solutions. It provides an example of calculating the mole fraction of ethylene glycol in a solution that is 20% ethylene glycol by mass. The mole fractions of ethylene glycol and water are calculated to be 0.068 and 0.932, respectively. A second example demonstrates calculating the molarity of a solution containing 5 g of NaOH dissolved in 450 mL of solution, which is determined to be 0.278 M.

Uploaded by

jamal khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example 1.

1 Calculate the mole fraction of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in a solution


containing 20% of C2H6O2 by mass.

Solution Assume that we have 100 g of solution (one can start with any amount of
solution because the results obtained will be the same). Solution will
contain 20 g of ethylene glycol and 80 g of water.
Molar mass of C2H6O2 = 12 × 2 + 1 × 6 + 16 × 2 = 62 g mol–1.
20 g
Moles of C2H6O2 = = 0.322 mol
62 g mol 1

80 g
Moles of water = = 4.444 mol
18 g mol -1

moles of C2 H6 O2
x glycol 
moles of C2 H6 O2  moles of H2O

0.322 mol
 = 0.068
0.322 mol  4.444 mol
4.444 mol
Similarly, x water   0.932
0.322 mol  4.444 mol
Mole fraction of water can also be calculated as: 1 – 0.068 = 0.932

(vi) Molarity: Molarity (M) is defined as number of moles of solute dissolved


in one litre (or one cubic decimetre) of solution,
Moles of solute
Molarity  (1.8)
Volume of solution in litre
For example, 0.25 mol L–1 (or 0.25 M) solution of NaOH means that
0.25 mol of NaOH has been dissolved in one litre (or one cubic decimetre).

Example 1.2 Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 5 g of NaOH in 450 mL


solution.

Solution Moles of NaOH = 5g


= 0.125 mol
40 g mol-1
Volume of the solution in litres = 450 mL / 1000 mL L-1
Using equation (2.8),
0.125 mol × 1000 mL L–1
Molarity = = 0.278 M
450 mL
= 0.278 mol L–1
= 0.278 mol dm–3

Chemistry 4

Rationalised 2023-24

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