Similarity Report

PAPER NAME AUTHOR

EMOTIONAL REGULATION IN THE EYES AMORES 2023

OF SOCIAL WELFARE PROVIDERS

WORD COUNT CHARACTER COUNT

6281 Words 33654 Characters

PAGE COUNT FILE SIZE

33 Pages 320.7KB

SUBMISSION DATE REPORT DATE

Nov 9, 2023 10:34 AM GMT+8 Nov 9, 2023 10:35 AM GMT+8

17% Overall Similarity

The combined total of all matches, including overlapping sources, for each database.
14% Internet database 4% Publications database
Crossref database Crossref Posted Content database
13% Submitted Works database

Summary
EMOTIONAL REGULATION IN THE EYES OF SOCIAL WELFARE PROVIDERS

7
A title Proposal Output Presented to

The Faculty of the School Graduate Studies

Colegio de la Purisima Conception

Roxas City

_______________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of

Master of Arts in Public Administration

Major in Human Resource Management

_______________________________________________

By

ARGELINE JOY J. AMORES

October 2023
 10
2

7
Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses the background and rationale of the study,

statement of the problem, theoretical and conceptual framework of the

study, schematic diagram, and the significance of the study. This chapter

also includes scope and delimitations of study. It ends with the conceptual
31
or theoretical as well as operational meaning of several terms employed in

the study.

Background and rationale of the study

“There's nothing more beautiful than someone who goes out of their

way to make life beautiful for others.”

-Mandy Hale

In an Emotionally arduous job how do you handle stress and

pressure? How do you manage unpleasant and uncomfortable emotions?

When day - in and day - out the cases that you handle are about stress,

pain, abandonment, trauma or death?

There was a study conducted by Salvilla & Bedoria (2021) on their

Journal, entitled: Wounded Healers. They explained that in the event of

helping others alleviate their pain and suffering, how do we take care of

the people that take care of us? How do we protect the people who just
 3

want to help? How do they protect themselves from vicarious trauma that

stems from the lived experience of their clients?

In your line of work, what is the most stressful event that you have

encountered? How did you deal with it? How do you keep your emotions

in check when you have to deal with trauma, pain, loss and suffering every

day then you have to go home to your family, your spouse, and children?

36
The Department of Social Welfare Development is the leading

helping profession in the Philippines. They are tasked to help alleviate the

living conditions of the marginalized, the helpless and the underprivileged.

Trained to help communities, families and individuals are the Social Workers.

(Dongga-as et al., 2022) All over the world, social workers help various

individuals and communities to survive and flourish from a variety of

challenges and calamities each individual faces.

Social workers separate women and young children from their

abuser, rehabilitate young people from substance abuse and violence,

also I have witness them comfort family of a lost loved one. All of those are

just the tip of the ice berg. Imagine having to go to work every day and

deal with those kinds of situations every single day. How do you think you

would get by and be alright? This study was actualized because of those

questions.
 4

This study would like to investigate the ideas and concepts that

would help us understand how our social worker providers are able to get

up every day and face these taxing situations then get out seemingly

unscathed of the reality they have just faced.

38
Statement of the problem

This study will look into the emotional regulation in the eyes of social
4
welfare providers. Specifically, this study would answer the following

questions:

19
1. How do social welfare providers understand emotional regulation in

terms of positive reframing?

19
2. How do social welfare providers understand emotional regulation in

terms of emotional detachment?

19
3. How do social welfare providers understand emotional regulation in

terms of boundaries?

4. Are there perspectives emerging from the information gathered from the

study?

28
Theoretical framework

This study is anchored on Emotion Theory by LeDoux (1996), and

Cognitive Mediation Theory by Richard Lazarus (1962). Providing people of

their basic mode of information processing to appraise situation as it rises is

 5

the primary role of emotion. According to LeDoux, emotions aid people to

react autonomously by their assessment of the various patterns in their

surrounding and their community. The gauging of the habitude procedure

in the verbal and non-verbal signs in the intention of other people has been

a great help for humanity since the beginning of time.

For the American psychologist Richard Lazarus, his theory

concentrates on "appraisal". According to him, the tendency of the human

brain to make instinctive and unconscious evaluation of situations and how

it relates to them is called appraisal. Cognitive mediation theory attempts

to explain how emotion, cognition and stress correlate with each other.

(Niwlikar, 2022)

In this study, the two theories fore-mentioned above will serve as the

basis for the exogenous variable used in this study, thus would serve as a

guide to achieve the objectives stated in this study.

Conceptual framework

In this study, the exogenous variable is Emotional Regulation of Social

Worker Providers with Positive Reframing, Professional Boundaries and

Emotional Detachment as its main components.

 6

27
Figure 1. schematic diagram showing the variables of the study.

Scope and the delimitations of the study

The participants of this study will be 5 registered social workers in the

city of Roxas. The study will be conducted through an in-depth face to face

interview with the participants of the study with the time and place that the

participants would find convenient. The objective of this study is to study

emotional regulation in the eyes of social worker providers, hence, the

30
participants will be chosen as someone who has a license as a social worker

and has served for at least 5 years in the Social Welfare and Development

Office.

26
Significance of the study

The results of this study will be beneficial to:

 7

11
Department of Social Welfare Development (DSWD). The findings of
10
this study we'll have a positive impact on the office of DSWD. The expected

output of this study can be used as the reference in addressing the issues

and needs of the social worker provider.

35
Social worker providers. The results of this study may help provide

additional insights and courage to the practicing licensed Social Workers

who encounter challenging and emotionally draining cases daily on their

work.

Future researcher this study will give future researchers an idea to

explore this field of study, and this will serve as literature of future

researchers.

Definition of terms

To guide the readers with this study, some terms were conceptually

and operationally defined by the researcher for enhanced understanding

while few were defined according to authoritative sources.

25
Emotional regulation. Extrinsic or intrinsic process responsible for

monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reaction. Necessary to

provide flexibility to behavioural process and direct emotion. (Thompson,

 8

1991) In this research emotional regulation denotes the regulation of the

Social Worker’s emotion when handling unpleasant emotions.

15
Positive reframing. Involves thinking about a negative or challenging

situation in a more positive way. Finding something to be grateful about in

a challenging situation. (Harvard University 2023) In this research positive

reframing refers to the restructuring of negative thoughts and redirecting

them to something positive.

17
Professional boundaries. Set of guidelines, expectations end rules

which set the ethical and technical standards in the social care

environment. (Frank Cooper, 2012) In this research, professional boundaries

denote the restrictions set by the social worker in facing clients.

13
Emotional detachment. Allows a social worker to engage

empathetically and authentically with the client while not being

overwhelmed by their emotional state (Gomez, 2017). In this study the same
13
meaning of the term is applied but would be given emphasis on not being

overwhelmed by their client’s emotional state.

 9

20
Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents a review of related literature on the variables

under investigation. It presents foreign and local literature to expand the

understanding on Emotional Regulation in the eyes of Social Worker

Providers. This chapter ends with a synthesis.

Foreign Literature

Emotions help us connect with the people around us, it gives our life
24
meaning and color. Without emotions, our lives would lack richness and

vibrance. The elaborate art of connecting with other people, emotions

guide us on the things we need to do and help us make quick decisions to

avoid agonizing situations. (Leahy et al., 2011)

In a person’s life, emotions play a crucial role in helping us navigate

our decisions and reactions to certain events and occurrences. Emotions

help us connect with others and empathize on the experiences of other

people. The idea expressed by the authors regarding how emotions are

very important for the wellbeing and relationship formation of an individual

is really striking. For the researcher, the authors argue or insist that without

emotions, life would be dull and meaningless. (Leahy et al., 2011)

 10

There are two types of coping strategy it may be adaptive or

problematic. How a person regulates his emotions when faced with difficult

and uncomfortable situation, is beneficial to the ones giving help as it would

ease the mind of the people we are trying to help.

As stated by Leahy et al., (2011):

2
“Emotion regulation may include any coping strategy (problematic

or adaptive) that the individual uses when confronted with an

unwanted intensity of emotion. It is important to recognize that

emotion regulation is like a homeostatic thermostat. It can moderate

emotions and keep them within a “manageable range” so that one

can cope. Or the moderation—up or down—may offset things so

extremely as to create a situation that is “too hot” or “too cold.”

Emotion regulation is like any coping style: It depends on the context,

on the situation. It is not problematic or adaptive independent of the

person and the situation at the present time” (Leahy et al., 2011,

p.108).

In our daily lives do we often try to manage our emotions when we

face uncomfortable emotions or situations or do we just let our emotions

show and get the best of us? If yes, then how do we try to manage it so that

it doesn't get out of control? Or how do we deal with it when we fail to keep

it withing manageable range? For Leahy and his co-authors, they stated
 11

that emotional regulation may include coping strategies for them to deal

with intense emotions.

The researcher would like to note that for an individual to have

coping mechanisms, he should first know and acknowledge that he is

feeling those intense emotions at those specific moments. To be aware of

your personal emotional tendencies, past experiences, personal trauma,

and know your own sudden reactions to certain situations, a person first

must have a level of personal knowledge about those things.

To know that you have anger issues, means you have already

experienced a situation that made that tendencies show. From there, an

individual would recognize the importance of regulating his emotions to be

a better person.

The methods on which influences the emotions that people have

and how it is related to the experience that they have and on how those

emotions are projected to others are called emotional regulation.

(Philippot & Feldman, 2004) To show positive or negative emotions to other

people are either a conscious or unconscious process, depending on the

giver of the emotions.

People have internal processes on how they manage their emotions,

it is coined emotion regulation. The researcher would like to express

disagreement about the unconscious process of emotional regulation, as

 12

what was mentioned from previous studies, emotional regulation is a

conscious effort from the person experiencing it at the moment that they

do. it may seem "unconscious" but it may also be an automatic response

practiced over time from consciously regulating emotions.

Why do we ever need to regulate our emotions? There has always

been an unwritten rule in our society about what emotions are "socially

accepted" and emotions that when shown, are frowned upon. Human

beings always tend to compare their lives to the lives of those around them,

doing so helps them feel better about their own situation and make

necessary arrangements to make it stay that way. However, when human

beings are struggling, they often look for people who have been in their

situation and survived, it gives them hope that better days are going to

come and they too, shall overcome temporary obstacles.

It helps to know that regulating emotions are not only necessary for

unexpected difficult situations but also very helpful when one needs hope

to survive in a phase in their lives.

People can regulate their emotions by managing how they perceive and

evaluate themselves:

According to Gross (2014), People tend to compare their lives with

other human beings. Social comparison has been present since the early

times. To compare one’s reality to another gives them a sense of awareness

 13

of how much better or worse other people's lives are, and in turn, they hope

for a better tomorrow or work harder to achieve a much nicer lives than

that of others.

The author pointed out that there are strategies used by people to

manage their emotions and that is very well connected to how they

perceive and evaluate themselves.

8
“Mindfulness is a skill and the emotional regulatory mechanism it

deploys therefore appears to depend on the degree of meditation

practice rather than purely on the application of the mindfulness

method. Cognitive reappraisal has been suggested as a core

cognitive control skill whereby mindfulness practice may regulate

emotions” (Grecucci et al., 2014, p. 5).

To regulate emotions, they must be mindful of the emotions that they

are feeling. The authors explicitly suggest that for someone to be able to

manage their emotions efficiently, they need to have mindful skills and

disposition. Skills to consistently practice and be mindful of their emotions,

furthermore the character in which would help them develop that skill to

successfully hone their skills for regulating their emotions. The question that

remains is, what if they are not aware of the emotions that they feel when

they are feeling it? What if they don't know their triggers? Who would help
 14

them see those emotions that they are feeling so they would be made

aware of it?

Emotional reframing is a cognitive process that involves changing the

way you interpret and respond to a situation, especially one that

triggers negative emotions. Instead of focusing on the problem or the

threat, you try to see the situation from a different angle, such as an

opportunity, a challenge, or a learning experience. By doing so, you

can reduce your emotional distress and open your mind to new

possibilities. (LinkedIn, 2023, n.p.)

How do people try to see the good in what they are experiencing?

Is it innate for humans to feel that way or is it something that people are

trained to do? In the Philippines, they say that Filipinos are resilient. Are they

really just good at adapting to difficult situation or are they just overly

tolerant to adversity?

When people experience negative emotions how do they see it? Do

they see it as an obstacle or problem? Or do they see it as an opportunity

to focus on the good side of life? It is a psychological muscle to always see

the bright side of the emotions and situations that people face. Everyday

there are things that could go wrong but people who know that it could

happen and believe that storms are bound to end, and that there are
 15

rainbows at the end of it are at a different kind of emotional awareness and

maturity.

Those kinds of people have been tested by fire but rather than being

burned, they were forged to be better and stronger. According to Carr

(2004) When we understand our emotions and how they work, we start

gaining control over them. The goal is not to eliminate uncomfortable

emotions, it is to direct our emotion and attention to make us feel better.

Positive emotions like contentment, joy, satisfaction all help with the ability

of a person to bounce back from a traumatic or difficult situation, while

experiencing negative emotions decrease the ability to cope, it is

important for people to face adversities and overcome them. (Boniwell,

2012)

People often gravitate towards pleasant emotions and shun away

on uncomfortable and difficult emotions. If people want to control their

emotion, they must first learn how their emotions work. It is the most

common misconception that for a person to be happy, he should not feel

any negative emotions such as sadness, pain, fear, loss. However, positive

emotions are much deeply felt when one has been through difficult times.

To experience kindness when he feels isolated is like a breath of fresh air

and it may be just what he needs to go on for another day.

 16

In a statement made in the book Positive Psychology, the author

noted the words from Diener et al., (1991), they argued that positive

emotions don’t necessarily always mean that people would feel the

maximum amount of satisfaction. The phrase “You won’t appreciate the

sun, unless you have experienced rain” has been around for so long and it

has reminded the researcher that in its simplicity, lie a profound truth, when

people rarely experience pain and hardships, they take for granted the joy

and peace that they have. To experience difficult emotions and situations

makes one appreciate the good that they have. In retrospect, do social

worker providers feel more appreciation when they experience good

things because they are always surrounded by problems and adversaries

at work?

1
According to Sowers & Dulmus, ethics are values in action. For the

individual, personal values result in an individual code of conduct, which

then translates into choices and behaviors. For the person as a professional,

the values of the field are reflected in a code of ethics, which is translated

into standards to guide practice. (Sowers & Dulmus, 2008, p.126) Ethics are

the standards on which individual must act according to their personal

value and professional code of conduct.

In every profession there is a set of rules and guidelines that one must
32
strictly and religiously adhere to. To protect the client and the service
 17

provider, professional boundaries are. As social worker providers, there are

rules and regulations that should be strictly followed by a health care

professional to maximize one’s help and not add more pain to the client.

1
“Ethical practice goes beyond mere risk management to assure that

social workers uphold the profession’s values in their interactions with

clients, students, employees, research subjects, and colleagues.

Ethical standards also guide the conduct of individual social workers

as representatives of the profession, as well as of their employing

references organizations. Professional competence requires that

social workers continually improve and apply the knowledge, skills,

and values that characterize the discipline” (Sowers & Dulmus, 2008,

p.140).

As a representative of each individual organizations, every

professional should uphold the ethical standard set by their own

organization. Every profession has its own standard and norm inside their

organization, code of ethics is taught to each professional in their

undergraduate studies to instill with them the values and character that

each profession needs to flourish in their own respective fields. In the study

made by the researcher, one of its foci would be on how social worker set

professional boundaries in their daily encounter with their clients.

 18

6
“The idea of emotional labor is often related to caring acts,

roles, and emotions within paid and unpaid spheres (Hochschild,

2012). Within the world of paid employment, emotional labor is

considered a professional skill, involving the suppression of private

feelings in replace of more work-related or socially acceptable

emotions” (Hochschild, 2012; Mastracci, 2012).

The ability of a person to manage and supress dificult emotions to

protect someone is the best example of emotional labor. In a world where

various jobs are being replaced with AIs, one of the jobs that AI will have a

hard time replacing are those jobs that deal with emotion and human

connection. Dealing with difficult emotions and various situation that your

clients encounter, often also give secondary trauma to the ones helping

which is also called vicarious trauma.

Compassion is the courage to allow our hearts to be cracked open

by the crazy beauty and terrible suffering of life, recognizing that it’s

precisely this openness that allows us to connect authentically with

others. Authentic connection only comes from recognizing our

shared vulnerability, and all humans are equal in that we share a

degree of vulnerability—we all have the capacity to suffer and want

to be free from suffering; we all want to be happy and to flourish. In

fact, not only do we share this quality with other human beings, but,
 19

to a large degree, we share this fragility and desire for happiness with

all sentient beings. At a basic level, compassion invites us to refrain

from adding more suffering to an already painful situation. (Cullen &

Pons, 2015 p.150)

People in the position to receive help asks for a lot from the giver, the

giver must understand that the receiver of help is in a situation that needs

patience and understanding. The heart of those who care for people often

times also get hurt in the process. They care too much to just look away, at

the expense of thier own pain and mental health.

All of that to help the people that needs helping, for the sake of patriotism,

justice, and for the betterment of their countrymen.

Local Literature

According to Florentino (2020) in his study Cost of Caring, when his

participants shared their lived experience with him through sharing with him

how they felt, his participants said “you feel the trauma and you become

a part of that trauma”. When working at an emotionally demanding Job,

how do they separate their feelings from the feelings of their clientele? Do

they recognize the emotions that they feel once they are feeling it? Do

social workers and other profession that deals with life and emotions of

other people also experience secondary traumatization from the

experiences and situations of their clients?

 20

Do they get braver, or do they get much more careful? Brave in the

sense that as they deal with cases every day, they are set to make a

difference each day for the lives of their clients? or as they progress in their

careers they get to learn to be careful and social workers get better at

encapsulating their emotions.

22
Lugris (2000) says that vicarious trauma is the impact of a directly

traumatized individual’s experiences upon the people who listens to

their accounts of suffering. Helping Professionals may begin to

experience the very emotions that they are treating. (Napoli &

Galloway-Salazar 2015)

Human beings are social creatures, they long to connect with other

people. In the Philippine setting, Filipinos are known to be very

approachable and accommodating, traits that sets them apart from other

nationalities. In the social work profession, emotion is the primary

commodity to connect and take good care of your clients. To be

emotionally open to the things that they have experience. Risking their

mental health to help other people get over theirs.

People in the caring community are exposed to different forms of

abuse with different levels of intensity, in which a lot of times nothing ever

prepares them to any of it. Social welfare providers might be celebrating a

momentous event in their life and then they would handle cases that would
 21

make them question how such things, character or people are existing at

the same world that they are in. Trauma doesn't end inside the office. often

times trauma would stay with you long after the client you have helped with

is already okay and living their best life yet. Who helps those carers that are

wounded, after they took care of those they have helped?

When care providers are well taken care of, when they have a

supportive family and core relationships, their role as the ones to give care

are less strenious. The support system of a carer is definitely substantial for

the mental wellbeing of the oneswho take care of other people. A strong

support helps them healthily cope with stress and trauma they face at their

jobs (Lim & Parreño, 2020). To have a healthy and strong support system like

family, friends and tight knit community that surrounds social workers in their

ordeal every day with clients shows that regardless of how stressful it is in the

workplace, people could still function healthily and positively.

3
“Humans have a way of overcoming undesirable experiences and

navigating through stressful environments. Once information is

received, it is processed by the brain and released through speech,

body movements, behaviors, or emotions. Through the constant

exposure of detailed experiences of the mental health professionals,

their minds are processing and making sense of the information they

receive. Mental health professionals have an extensive

 22

understanding of psychological theories, analyze trauma-related

concepts, and educate their clients with research-based options.

With that much knowledge, mental health professionals are

expected to regulate their thought processes better than anyone”

(Salvilla & Bedoria, 2021, p. 6).

Synthesis

9
Social work, the major profession that delivers social services in

governmental and private organizations throughout the world, social work

helps people prevent or resolve problems in psychosocial functioning,

achieve life enhancing goals, and create a just society. (Suppes & Wells,

2013, p.4) Emotion Regulation for helping professionals are always a must.

It has always been a given that the those in the helping profession must

always find a way to get their emotions on check. To be able to help their

client and not add unnecessary stress or trauma to them. This phenomenon
14
was coined by as Compassion Fatigue: Compassion fatigue has historically

been associated with professionals in helping roles such as health care

personnel, first responders, and social workers. However, this experience is

12
not limited to “professionals”. (Schwanz, & Paiva-Salisbury, 2022, p.4) People

are understood to be oriented toward survival and growth and are best

understood as striving for adaptive viability in the environments in which

they find themselves.(Greenberg, 2017, p.35) In the midst of all the difficult
 23

emotions, according to Deiner et al., (1991) “Being positive doesn’t mean

the absence of pain and sadness, these uncomfortable emotions just

makes us appreciate more the peace and happiness that we have.

 24

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

16
This chapter discusses the methodology that will be used in the study.

It includes the research design, research participants, sampling procedures,

the instrument development, data gathering procedure, data analysis and

interpretation procedures and ethical considerations.

Research Design

The study will use a qualitative research methodology employing

phenomenological design. It is a qualitative research method that explores

the lived experiences of individuals for the purpose of understanding the

fundamental facts of a given situation. In qualitative studies, participants'

meanings related to phenomena are explored and understood through

emerging questions and procedures, data collection in their environment,

data analysis through themes, and interpretations (Creswell, 2014). In this

4
approach, the study is usually done through a systematic method of

collection and analysis of narrative materials using methods that guarantee

the integrity of both the data and the results. This approach by Creswell

(2014) begins with data collection through in-depth interviews, bracketing

to ensure that the researcher personal biases do not influence or do not

significantly affect how the experiences of the participants are interpreted,

the data were encoded and categorize in a systematic way that will
 25

identify themes and patterns in the participants statement based on their

experiences, uncover the underlying meaning of the experiences

described by the participants, descriptions and quotes from participants

to illustrate the key themes and insights and peer debriefing and expert

evaluation to verify whether the results are consistent with the observations.

This qualitative study will provide a deeper understanding on the emotional

withdrawal of social welfare providers in dealing with situations.

Phenomenological research design will be employed in this to

explore the views of those who have experienced a phenomenon through

the live experience and gain a deeper understanding of how the

21
respondents think about the phenomenon. The researcher has to first

objectively describe the lived experiences before reflecting on those

descriptions in the context of the phenomenon's current interpretations in

order to determine the phenomenon's prevalence. Following the

characteristics of phenomenological research design, the researcher must

thoroughly clarify a phenomenon's structure to learn the significance of a

certain experience to a group of people and they felt about it by setting

5
aside their prejudices and presumptions and to focus primarily on the

present experiences. Phenomenological design often follows the patterns

5
of determining the phenomenon, develop a thorough description of the

phenomenon, disregarding one’s own biases and preconceived notions,

data gathering, data analysis which include demarcating the data,

 26

removing irrelevant information, grouping and labeling the data into

constituents and organizing the data into themes that will capture the lived

experiences of the participants and creating a comprehensive explanation

for the phenomenon (Bliss L, 2016).

In-depth interviews will be used with open-ended questions to

conduct the study. The research participants' responses served as the

study's source of data to find out the emotional withdrawal in terms of

positive reframing, emotional detachment and boundaries among social

worker providers in the City of Roxas. The study merits utilizing a

phenomenological methodology to investigate and refine the

respondents' responses to gain new or fresh ideas and approaches that

can be influential in shaping the way others perceived and interact with

others.

4
Research Participants and Sampling Procedure

The research participants of the study will be the five (5) selected
11
registered social worker providers of the Department of Social Worker and

Development (DSWD) of the Province of Capiz and City of Roxas. The

number of participants will be within the range of 3-10 participants which

was the recommended sample size for phenomenology (Creswell, 2018). It

will be based according to the following inclusions criteria:

 27

1. Registered social workers employed in DSWD in the Province of Capiz

and City of Roxas for 2023-2024.

34
2. Registered social workers employed in DSWD who are willing to share

their direct experiences and have personally encountered or lived through

the phenomenon being studied through in-depth interviews.

3. The participants must be informed and understand the nature of the

study, their role and the potential use of their data which is part of the

ethical consideration in phenomenology study.

4. Participants should be accessible and need to be able to speak

clearly about their experiences and ideas.

Homogeneity will be employed confirming to the phenomenological

framework designed by Creswell (2007). The participants will be advised

ahead of time that their involvement is in voluntary basis and that the

researcher will understand if they decide not join.

Research Instrument Used

The research instrument that will be used is the semi-structured in-

depth interview with open-ended questions to generate comprehensive

insights from the participants. The researcher will schedule the in-depth

interview individually between October to early November 2023.

 28

4
To obtain the participants’ experiences, the research will prepare an

in-depth interview with open-ended questions. This approach is a

qualitative research technique that requires conducting extensive

individual interviews with a small group of respondents to look into their

perspectives on a particular scenario. By eliciting specific information,

issues, and context from the respondents' impressions, this technique

creates an in-depth account of the whole occurrence (Neale, 2006).

This study will utilize certain procedures to check on the findings

accurately through validity and reliability. Since the researcher will employ

a qualitative research, the emphasis is on the trustworthiness and credibility

of the process and findings since no standardized instrument will be used. It

is important to note that will reliability is significant in qualitative research,

18
more focus will be given to its validity as it is trying to assess the accuracy of

the results described by the researcher and the participants (Creswell and

Poth 2013).

To assist the researcher in the conduct of this study, triangulation will

be used to minimize any biases and offer a more thorough and trustworthy
37
understanding of the study. Triangulation is a qualitative research strategy
23
that utilizes various methods or data sources to develop a comprehensive

understanding of the phenomena (Patton, 1999). It aids in minimizing any

biases and offers a more thorough understanding of the main issue of the
 29

study. This will help ensure that the findings are not solely reliant on one

approach alone. In addition, member checking will be part of the

technique to validate the interpretation and themes that have emerged

from the data analysis. This method is frequently used to validate qualitative

data obtained from focus groups, interviews, or semi-structured interviews.

Using member checking, the biases can be reduced. It was suggested that

returning participant-provided data can aid in verifying its accuracy and

comprehensiveness (Lincoln and Guba, 1985). Some of the benefits of

member checking in phenomenological research includes involving the

participants in the validation process will enhance the credibility and

trustworthiness of the study, provide the participants an opportunity to open

up and ensure sure that their views are properly represented, reducing the

possibility of misinterpretation boosts the validity of the finding and allow a

broader investigation of the topic because participants can contribute

more insights into the study (Delve and Limpacecher, 2022c, March 17).

Data Gathering Procedure

Data gathering involves a systematics gathering of data from

collecting, recording and documenting of results. The quality and

dependability of the data will depend on the efficiency of the data

collection procedure.
 30

The following procedures will be used to properly compile the data that will

be collected:

Initial Phase. The research will secure a permission letter addressed to the
11
head of the Department of Social Welfare and Development from the

province and city as regards the nature and conduct of the study, the

selection of the participants and the place where the interview will take

place. The letter will be noted by the researcher adviser. Under this stage,

the letters of invitation and confirmation slip will be ready for the

confirmation and consent of the participants.

Application Phase. After obtaining the approval of the letter, the

researcher will distribute and collect the prepared consent and invitation

letters to the participants for proper documentation.

4
During the interview, each participant will be informed about the title and

nature of the study, how the interview will be conducted, the benefits will
4
gain and the ethical considerations relevant to the study especially its

confidentiality, consent requirements and the right to withdraw as

4
respondent. The research will first ask the participants to answer the first part

of the questionnaire which contains the sociodemographic profile

describing their characteristics. The actual interview will follow using the

prepared semi-structured questionnaire. The participants will be informed

that the researcher will use an audio recording reiterating that the purpose
 31

will be for the research study only. As a token of gratitude, the researcher

will give the participant incentive for being part of the research study.

29
Final Phase. After the conduct of the interview, the last step in the data

collection process is to gather sufficient data to develop a thorough

understanding of the phenomenon and can work on data analysis and

interpretation through thematization of the researcher.

Data Analysis and Interpretation Procedure

The results of the study will be examined, quantified and evaluated

through data analysis and interpretation. The approach typically follows a

systematic procedure to understand the deeper significance and core of

these events. The following are step by step guides in phenomenological

study:

Data Collection. As phenomenological research relies on the in-

depth interview, the researcher will capture the description of the

participants experiences through audio-recorded narratives.

Transcription. In assisting the researcher in getting the feel of the

bigger picture before focusing on the details, the researcher must re-read

the narratives to gain a better understanding of the participants’

experiences. Once the researcher is familiar with the collected interview, it

will transcribe them into written text to ensure a clear analysis of the data.
 32

Bracketing and Coding. Bracketing is the process of keeping the

researcher’s personal experiences apart from the subject under study

(Creswell, 2003). This is done to ensure that the analysis remains true to the
5
perspectives of the participants. Data coding on the other hand is the

process of organizing and labeling your qualitative data in order to

differentiate between various themes and establish relationships among

them (Medelyan, 2023). By examining the word and statement patterns in

a text, thematic analysis may reveal themes. After identifying the themes,
33
is the development of textural description as it capture the experiences of

the participants.

Member checking and findings. The participants check the

interpretation of the researcher to ensure the accuracy of the data to be

presented and if the researcher was able to correctly convey their

experiences.

Participants check the researchers' interpretations to make sure they

correctly convey their experiences in order to increase the validity of the

findings. Lastly, a narrative discussion will be presented to explain the main

points and findings of the phenomena and the themes that was

developed.
 33

Ethical Considerations

The researcher will abide with the ethical standards in order to

guarantee and ensure the well-being and the rights of the participants.

The participants will be required to sign a letter that provide

information and voluntary consent to participate in the study. They must be

fully aware of the purpose of the study to be conducted, the scope of their

participation, the risk involved and their right to not participate or withdraw

anytime without repercussions. The participants identity must be

anonymous and protected all throughout the conduct of the study. The

researcher should protect the confidentiality and privacy of the

participants by not disclosing any information to others since they will share

their experiences and stories on their own terms. All information and details

from the interview and its transcription must be secured in a drawer in the

research custody.

The researcher must treat all the participants fairly and equally and

must avoid any form of discrimination or biases in data collection and

analysis.
 Similarity Report

17% Overall Similarity

Top sources found in the following databases:
14% Internet database 4% Publications database
Crossref database Crossref Posted Content database
13% Submitted Works database

TOP SOURCES
The sources with the highest number of matches within the submission. Overlapping sources will not be
displayed.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com
1 2%
Internet

docplayer.net
2 2%
Internet

philssj.org
3 1%
Internet

e-journal.president.ac.id
4 1%
Internet

CTI Education Group on 2022-12-07

5 1%
Submitted works

Michelle Newcomb. "The emotional labour of academia in the time of a...

6 <1%
Crossref

coursehero.com
7 <1%
Internet

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
8 <1%
Internet

Sources overview
 Similarity Report

Georgia Perimeter College on 2015-09-03

9 <1%
Submitted works

pro.unibz.it
10 <1%
Internet

ifugaosta on 2023-10-29
11 <1%
Submitted works

placeholder on 2015-11-20
12 <1%
Submitted works

University of Gloucestershire on 2023-05-26

13 <1%
Submitted works

ir.library.louisville.edu
14 <1%
Internet

askingthelot.com
15 <1%
Internet

Submitted on 1687833206534
16 <1%
Submitted works

Technological University Dublin on 2023-07-24

17 <1%
Submitted works

Aspen University on 2021-08-16

18 <1%
Submitted works

epublications.regis.edu
19 <1%
Internet

repository.um-surabaya.ac.id
20 <1%
Internet

Sources overview
 Similarity Report

University of South Africa on 2022-08-06

21 <1%
Submitted works

clevelandpsychology.org
22 <1%
Internet

government.nl
23 <1%
Internet

sentinelassam.com
24 <1%
Internet

Hubbard High School on 2018-04-05

25 <1%
Submitted works

ortizemelyjean.blogspot.com
26 <1%
Internet

repository.up.ac.za
27 <1%
Internet

Davao Del Sur State College on 2021-07-12

28 <1%
Submitted works

Laureate Higher Education Group on 2014-12-13

29 <1%
Submitted works

Massey University on 2016-10-26

30 <1%
Submitted works

termpaperwarehouse.com
31 <1%
Internet

Georgia State University on 2014-02-13

32 <1%
Submitted works

Sources overview
 Similarity Report

Teachers' Colleges of Jamaica on 2023-05-12

33 <1%
Submitted works

University of Central Lancashire on 2020-04-22

34 <1%
Submitted works

aklanstateuni on 2023-10-26
35 <1%
Submitted works

hdl.handle.net
36 <1%
Internet

Gebrehiwot, Samson. "Strategies for Ethiopian Small Retailers Busines...

37 <1%
Publication

iGroup on 2020-09-14
38 <1%
Submitted works

Sources overview