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Chapter 1 Assessment
TERMS & NAMES Case Study: Civilization Section 3 (pp. 19–23)
For each term or name below, briefly explain its connection to 18. What economic changes resulted from food surpluses in
human prehistory. agricultural villages?
1. artifact 6. domestication 19. Why did the growth of civilization make government
2. culture 7. civilization necessary?
3. technology 8. specialization 20. Why did a system of record keeping develop in
civilizations?
4. hunter-gatherer 9. institution
5. Neolithic Revolution 10. Bronze Age
CRITICAL THINKING Paleolithic Neolithic
1. USING YOUR NOTES Source
MAIN IDEAS In a chart, show the of food
Human Origins in Africa Section 1 (pp. 5–13) differences between Means of
11. What kinds of evidence do archaeologists, anthropologists, Paleolithic and Neolithic living
and paleontologists study to find out how prehistoric cultures. Technology
people lived? Type of
community
12. Why did the ability to walk upright and the development
of the opposable thumb represent important 2. FORMING AND SUPPORTING OPINIONS
breakthroughs for early hominids? SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Which technology of the New
13. Why is the prehistoric period called the Stone Age? Stone Age had the most impact on daily life? Explain.
14. What evidence supports archaeologists’ beliefs that
3. ANALYZING CAUSES AND RECOGNIZING EFFECTS
Neanderthals developed a form of religion?
ECONOMICS What effect did trade have on the development
Humans Try to Control Nature Section 2 (pp. 14–18) of civilization?
15. Why do some archaeologists believe that women were 4. SYNTHESIZING
the first farmers?
What event or development in early human history do you
16. What role did the food supply play in shaping the think is of particular significance? Why?
nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled life
of farmers? 5. MAKING INFERENCES
17. In what areas of the world did agriculture first develop? How did the rise of cities affect government in early cultures?
The Peopling of the World
Hunting-Gathering Bands Growth of Villages Rise of Cities
SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION
Beginning about 2 million B.C. Beginning about 8000 B.C. Beginning about 3000 B.C.
• Invention of tools • Breakthroughs in • Specialized workers
• Mastery over fire farming technology • Record keeping
KEY • Development of agriculture
ACHIEVEMENTS • Development of language • Complex institutions
• Creation of art • Domestication of animals • Advanced technology
• Food surpluses
24 Chapter 1
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Use the quotation and your knowledge of world history to Use the illustration of the Stone Age cave painting from
answer questions 1 and 2. Argentina and your knowledge of world history to answer
Additional Test Practice, pp. S1–S33 question 3.
Litter of the past is the basis of archaeology. The coins, the
pottery, the textiles and the buildings of bygone eras offer
us clues as to how our [early ancestors] behaved, how they
ran their economy, what they believed in and what was
important to them. What archaeologists retrieve from
excavations are images of past lives. . . . [These images] are
pieced together slowly and painstakingly from the
information contained in objects found.
RICHARD LEAKEY in The Making of Mankind
1. According to Richard Leakey, what is the job of the
archaeologist? 3. What information might an archaeologist learn from this
A. to study coins to learn about an economy painting?
B. to clean out caves where early ancestors lived A. the height of the humans living in the region
C. to create images of coins, pottery, and textiles B. the names of gods worshiped here
D. to examine artifacts found at a location C. types of animals found in the region
D. the time of year this cave was visited
2. What term applies to the behaviors, economic activities, and
beliefs referred to by Richard Leakey?
A. culture
B. civilization TEST PRACTICE Go to classzone.com
C. case study • Diagnostic tests • Strategies
D. artifacts • Tutorials • Additional practice
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
1. Interact with History
NetExplorations: Cave Art
INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENT On page 4, you played the
role of an amateur archaeologist as you tried to figure out the Go to NetExplorations at classzone.com to learn more about
uses of some prehistoric tools. Now that you’ve read the prehistoric cave art. Search the Internet for other examples of
chapter, what new clues have you discovered that would help cave art—start with the list of sites at NetExplorations —and
you unravel the mystery of who made the tool with the wedge- use some of the examples to create an online or classroom
shaped blade, and why? What evidence can you use to support exhibit. Create a log and ask visitors to the exhibit to answer
your conclusions about its purpose? Discuss your ideas with a questions such as:
small group. • What do you see in each cave art example?
• What do the materials used, the subject matter, and the
2. WRITING ABOUT HISTORY
style of each example suggest about the lives of prehistoric
Consider the religious practices of the Neanderthals, the people?
villagers of Catal Huyuk, and the city dwellers of Ur. Write a two-
• How does prehistoric art help historians learn about the
paragraph essay analyzing the development of religious beliefs
people who created it?
over the course of the Stone Age. In your essay, consider the
archaeological evidence that supports the scientific conclusions
about beliefs, practices, and organization.
The Peopling of the World 25
