Demystifying the IoT

Q 1.What is the Internet Of Things (IoT)?

Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or people called “things” that are
embedded with software, electronics, network, and sensors that allow these objects to collect
and exchange data. The goal of IoT is to extend to internet connectivity from standard
devices like computer, mobile, tablet to relatively dumb devices like a toaster.

Q 2. Explain Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi is a computer which can do all the operations like a conventional computer. It
has other features such as onboard Wi-Fi, GPIO pins, and Bluetooth to communicate with
external things.

Q3. How to run Raspberry pi in headless mode?

Raspberry Pi in headless mode can be run by using SSH. The latest operating system has an
inbuilt VNC server that is installed for taking remote desktop on Raspberry Pi.

Q 4. What are the fundamental components of IoT?

The four fundamental components of an IoT system are:

 Sensors/Devices: Sensors or devices are a key component that helps you to collect
live data from the surrounding environment. All this data may have various levels of
complexities. It could be a simple temperature monitoring sensor, or it may be in the
form of the video feed.
 Connectivity: All the collected data is sent to a cloud infrastructure. The sensors
should be connected to the cloud using various mediums of communications. These
communication mediums include mobile or satellite networks, Bluetooth, WI-FI,
WAN, etc.
 Data Processing: Once that data is collected, and it gets to the cloud, the software
product performs processing on the gathered data. This process can be just checking
the temperature, reading on devices like AC or heaters. However, it can sometimes
also be very complex, like identifying objects, using computer vision on video.
 User Interface: The information needs to be available to the end-user in some way,
which can be achieved by triggering alarms on their phones or sending them
 notification through email or text message. The user sometimes might need an
interface which actively checks their IoT system.

Q 5. What is the difference between IoT and IIoT?

The difference between IoT and IIoT is:

IoT IIoT
The full form of IoT is the Internet of Things. The full form of IIoT is the Industrial Internet of T
A service model is human-centric. A service model is machine centric.
It supports customer-oriented applications. It supports industry-oriented applications.
Communication transportation is done through wireless Communication transportation is done through bo
devices. devices.
The quality of data is medium to high. The quality of data is high to very high.
Criticality is not severe. Criticality is severe.
Q 6. List layers of IoT protocol stack
Layers of IoT protocol stack are: 1) Sensing and information, 2) Network connectivity, 3)
Information processing layer, 4) Application layer.

Q 7. What are the disadvantages of IoT?

The disadvantages of IoT are:

 Security: IoT technology creates an ecosystem of connected devices. However,

during this process, the system may offer little authentication control despite
sufficient cybersecurity measures.
 Privacy: The use of IoT, exposes a substantial amount of personal data, in extreme
detail, without the user’s active participation. This creates lots of privacy issues.
 Flexibility: There is a huge concern regarding the flexibility of an IoT system. It is
mainly regarding integrating with another system as there are many diverse systems
involved in the process.
 Complexity: The design of the IoT system is also quite complicated. Moreover, it’s
deployment and maintenance also not very easy.
 Compliance: IoT has its own set of rules and regulations. However, because of its
complexity, the task of compliance is quite challenging.

Q 8. Define Arduino
Arduino is a free electronics platform having easy to use hardware and software. It has a
microcontroller capable of reading input from sensors to control the motors
programmatically.

Q 9. List mostly used sensor types in IoT

Mostly used sensor types in IoT are:
  Smoke sensor
 Temperature sensors
 Pressure sensor
 Motion detection sensors
 Gas sensor
 Proximity sensor
 IR sensors

Q 10. Mention the basic difference between IoT and sensor businesses?
A sensor business does not need an active internet connection to work. Internet of Things
requires a control side to work.

Q 11. What are the advantages of IoT?

Key benefits of IoT technology are as follows:

 Technical Optimization: IoT technology helps a lot in improving techniques and

making them better. For example, with IoT, a manufacturer can collect data from
various car sensors. The manufacturer analyses them to improve its design and make
them more efficient.
 Improved Data Collection: Traditional data collection has its limitations and its
design for passive use. IoT facilitates immediate action on data.
 Reduced Waste: IoT offers real-time information leading to effective decision
making & management of resources. For example, if a manufacturer finds an issue in
multiple car engines, he can track the manufacturing plan of those engines and solves
this issue with the manufacturing belt.
 Improved Customer Engagement: IoT allows you to improve customer experience
by detecting problems and improving the process.

Q 12. What is Bluegiga APX4 protocol?

The Bluegiga APX4 is a solution that supports both the Wi-Fi and BLE platform, and it is
based on a 450MHz ARM9 processor.

Q 13.What are the most common IoT applications?

The most common IoT applications are:

 Smart Thermostats: Helps you to save resources on heating bills by knowing your
usage patterns.
 Connected Cars: IoT helps automobile companies handle billing, parking, insurance,
and other related stuff automatically.
 Activity Trackers: Helps you to capture heart rate patterns, calorie expenditure,
activity levels, and skin temperature on your wrist.
 Smart Outlets: Remotely turn any device on or off. It also allows you to track a
device’s energy level and get custom notifications directly into your smartphone.
 Parking Sensors: IoT technology helps users to identify the real-time availability of
parking spaces on their phones.
 Connect Health: The concept of a connected healthcare system facilitates real-time
health monitoring and patient care. It helps in improved medical decision-making
based on patient data.

Q 14. What is Pulse Width Modulation?

PWM or Pulse Width Modulation is a variation of how much time the signal is high in an
analogy fashion. The signal can be high or low, and the user can even change the proportion
of the time.

Q 15. Mention applications of PWM in IoT

Applications of PWM in IoT are controlling the speed of DC motor, Controlling the direction
of a servo moto, Dimming LED, etc.
Q 16. List available wireless communications boards available in Raspberry Pi?
Wireless communications boards available in Raspberry Pi are 1) Wi-Fi and 2)
BLE/Bluetooth.

Q 17. What are the functions used to read analogy and digital data from a sensor in
Arduino?
Functions used to read analogy and digital data from a sensor in Arduino are: digital Read()
and digital Write().

Q 18. What is Bluetooth Low Energy?

Bluetooth Low Energy is a wireless PAN (Personal Area Network) technology. It uses less
power to transmit long-distance over a short distance.

Q 19. Define Micro Python

Micro Python is a Python implementation, which includes a small subset of its standard
library. It can be optimized to run on the Modem CU microcontroller.

Q 20. Differentiate between Arduino and Raspberry pi

The difference between Arduino and Raspberry pi is:

Arduino Raspberry pi
Arduino is an open, programmable USB microcontroller. Raspberry pi is a credit card size com
It can execute one program at a time. Users can run more than one program

Q 21. What are mostly used IoT protocols?

The mostly used IoT protocols are:

 XMPP
 AMQP
 Very Simple Control Protocol (VSCP)
 Data Distribution Service (DDS)
 MQTT protocol
 Wi-Fi
 Simple Text Oriented Messaging Protocol (STOMP)
 Zigbee

Q 22. What are IoT publishers?

IoT Publishers are sensors that send real-time data to intermediate devices or middleware.

Q 23. List out Some popular companies are working on IoT

Popular companies working on IoT are: 1) Philips, 2) LG, 3) Google, 4) Apple and 5)
Samsung.
Q 24. What are various types are of CAN Frame?
Various types of CAN frames are: 1) data frame, 2) request frame, 3) error frame, and 4)
overload frame.

Q 25. What is the main difference between floating CPU and fixed-point CPU?
Floating CPU can take floating value directly, whereas fixed CPU is converted to integer
format. Thereby, it leads to the loss of some resolution.

Q 26. Define GPIO

GPIO is a programmable pin that can be used to control input or output pins
programmatically.