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GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2 (Notes)

This document provides an overview of key properties of liquids including viscosity, vapor pressure, surface tension, boiling point, and heat of vaporization. It explains that these properties are influenced by the intermolecular forces between molecules in a substance. Viscosity is the resistance to flow, vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a substance's gas phase, and surface tension results from attractive forces minimizing a liquid's surface area. The boiling point is when vapor pressure equals external pressure, and heat of vaporization is the energy required to overcome intermolecular forces during vaporization. Water has a bent molecular structure and unusual properties including a maximum density at 4°C and changing states with temperature that impact its roles in nature.

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27 views

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2 (Notes)

This document provides an overview of key properties of liquids including viscosity, vapor pressure, surface tension, boiling point, and heat of vaporization. It explains that these properties are influenced by the intermolecular forces between molecules in a substance. Viscosity is the resistance to flow, vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a substance's gas phase, and surface tension results from attractive forces minimizing a liquid's surface area. The boiling point is when vapor pressure equals external pressure, and heat of vaporization is the energy required to overcome intermolecular forces during vaporization. Water has a bent molecular structure and unusual properties including a maximum density at 4°C and changing states with temperature that impact its roles in nature.

Uploaded by

Sheina Marzado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

Lesson: Intermolecular Forces and Property of Liquids

Some of the general properties of liquids are surface tension, viscosity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and
heat vaporization. These properties are influenced by the intermolecular forces of attraction in a
substance.
VISCOSITY - is the resistance of a liquid to flow. It is loosely referred to as the thickness or thinness of a
liquid.
Example: A glassful of water is relatively faster to pour thana glassful of honey and oil.

VAPOR PRESSURE - of a substance is the pressure exerted by its vapor when in equilibrium with its
liquid or solid… This means that when a liquid or a solid substance is made to evaporate in a closed
container, the gas exerts a pressure above the liquid.

SURFACE TENSION – is the property of a liquid to resist an external force and then thus assume a lesser
surface area. This is attributed to the strong attraction and cohesive forces between and among the
molecules, particularly at the surface liquid.

BOILING POINT – of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the external or
atmospheric pressure. The temperature at which a liquid boils under an atmospheric pressure oof 760mm
kg (1 atm) is referred to as a normal boiling point. The normal boiling point of boiling water is 100
degrees celsius .

HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
- Molar heat of vaporization ( Δ H vap ) is the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a
substance at its boiling point.
- The application pf heat disrupts the intermolecular forces of attraction of the liquid molecules and
allows them to vaporize. Boiling point generally increases as molar heat of vaporization
increases.
The ( Δ H vap ) is also determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces.

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF WATER


- At a room temperature, pure water is a colorless and tasteless liquid. It turns out to ice, its solid
form, at 0 degrees celsius and 1 atm at 100 degrees celsius , it becomes a gas, commonly termed
steam.
- A water molecule has a bent shape, with two particularly positive hydrogen atoms and a
particularly negative oxygen atom.
- As temperature increases, the number of linked molecules decreases because of the increased
kinetic.
- Energy of some of the molecules make intermolecular interaction more difficult to establish.
- When ice is heated, the increase in the energy of the molecule causes them to move faster. When
the melting point is reached, the rigid open structure of the crystals breaks down, turning the ice
into liquid.
- Water in which molecules are more molar at 0 degrees celsius the density of ice is 0.917 g/ c m3
and that of liquid water is 0.99984 g/c m3.

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