T h e Japanese in Hawaii

by MITSUGU MATSUDA
AN A N N O T A T E D BIBLIOGRAPHY OF JAPANESE AMERICANS

Revised by Dennis M . O g a w a with Jerry Y Fujioka

So cial Sciences an d Linguistics Institute University of Hawaii H a w a ii SeriesN

5
.
o
 THE JAPANESE IN H A W A I I
BY M I T S U G U MATSUDA

An Annotated Bibliography of Japanese Americans

H A W A I I SERIES No. 5

Other publications in the HAWAII SERIES

No. 1 The Japanese in Hawaii: 1868-1967

A Bibliography of the First Hundred Years
by Mitsugu Matsuda (out of print)

No. 2 The Koreans in Hawaii

An Annotated Bibliography by Arthur L. Gardner

N o . 3 Culture and Behavior in Hawaii

An Annotated Bibliography by Judith Rubano

No. 4 The Chinese in Hawaii

An Annotated Bibliography by Nancy Foon Young
 THE JAPANESE IN H A W A I I
BY M I T S U G U MATSUDA

An Annotated Bibliography of Japanese Americans

revised by D E N N I S M. O G A W A
with JERRY Y. F U J I O K A

supported by the
J A P A N E S E A M E R I C A N RESEARCH C E N T E R (JARC)

Social Sciences and Linguistics Institute. University of Hawaii. Honolulu

Cover design by Bruce T. Erickson
Calligraphy for design by Masako Sakihara

Distributed by:

The University Press of Hawaii

535 Ward Avenue
Honolulu, Hawaii 96814

International Standard Book Number: 0-8248-0290-X

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 74-33068

Social Sciences and Linguistics Institute

University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Copyright 1975 by the Social Sciences and Linguistics Institute
All rights reserved. Published 1975
Printed in the United States of America
TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD vii

PREFACE ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii

ABBREVIATIONS xiv

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

ADDENDUM 171

APPENDIX I
Newspaper and Periodicals Listing 175

APPENDIX II
Japanese Materials 183

INDEX 295

v
PUBLISHER'S FOREWORD

Dennis Ogawa’s revision of Mitsugu Matsuda’s bibliography on the

Japanese in Hawaii resulted from the growing need for an updated concise
listing of the materials in English which relate to one of Hawaii’s
larger ethnic groups. It is significant, I think, that this need has
been made known primarily by the students themselves who are more and
more looking into the cultural heritage that makes Hawaii the unique
multi-ethnic island community that is located both physically and
psychologically somewhere between the East and West.

This work is especially significant to me because it is the

first publication produced under the auspices of the Social Sciences
and Linguistics Institute, which resulted from the merger of the Social
Science Research Institute and the Pacific and Asian Linguistics
Institute. The new SSLI will continue to encourage research in the
social sciences in Hawaii and the Pacific area, and the dissemination
of the information resulting therefrom. It is my belief that research
is not an end in itself, but rather should provide the informational
foundations upon which decisions can be made and actions carried out.
This bibliography provides such information for both students as well
as the decision makers who, hopefully, will never forget how to be
students.

Donald M. Topping, Director

Social Sciences and Linguistics Institute

vii
PREFACE

The Japanese-American experience in Hawaii spans over one hundred

years and encompasses four generations— the issei (first generation),
nisei (second), sansei (third), and yonsei (fourth). Compared to the
small contingent of less than 150 immigrants who arrived in Honolulu in
1868, Japanese Americans today constitute a substantial portion of the
Island population, numbering over 217, 000. Like all of Hawaii's ethnic
groups, the experience of the Japanese Americans lends itself to a
variety of historical and cultural studies.

Researchers from within and without the ethnic group have explored
this experience creatively and from a wide range of viewpoints. As a con­
sequence, interpretations regarding the day-to-day affairs, community
activities, generational characteristics, and cultural philosophy of the
people as a whole have been extremely varied. Due to this diversity, the
existing studies on Hawaii's Japanese Americans present a rich background
of information that stimulates comparative ethnic perspectives and leads
to a greater understanding of the processes of human behavior in the
Islands.

This revision of Mitsugu Matsuda's Japanese in Hawaii, 1868-1967:

An Annotated Bibliography of the First Hundred Years calls attention to
writings which are available to students and individuals interested in
Americans of Japanese ancestry. The materials range from scholarly pieces
based upon traditional academic sources for documentation to literature
found in newspapers, novels, and general periodicals which have historic,
biographic or general descriptive value.

The primary purpose of this bibliography is to provide a reference

guide for the undergraduate, English-speaking student who is attempting to
understand the Japanese-American experience in Hawaii. Consequently, two
criteria were established for the listing of materials in this work.
First of all, it was felt that a usable guide include only those materials
which were in English. However, Japanese language entries from Matsuda's
original work were reprinted in the Appendix for researchers who may find
such information valuable. Second, writings were selected based on their
general availability. Obscure manuscripts, private papers, or articles
appearing in journals not available to students were omitted. This bibli­
ography does not pretend to be exhaustive of the wealth of materials
written by, for, or about Japanese Americans, but does provide a complete
reference of published studies which can be readily obtained.

ix
 While this work is largely an update and reorganization of Matsuda's
annotated bibliography, certain additions and changes have been made so as
to fulfill the objective of providing a useful reference guide for students.
The first change was to bring Matsuda's work on English publications up-to-
date. To add to student usability, a much-needed subject index was developed
incorporating both new and old materials. Further, all entries were organ­
ized alphabetically by author rather than following Matsuda's original
categorization of materials into separate resource headings.

Also included in this publication were selected entries from Judith

Rubano's bibliography Culture and Behavior in Hawaii (No. 3 in the Hawaii
Series). Rubano's work is an excellent compilation of behavioral science
materials but too broad and inclusive for students seeking references
solely on Japanese Americans. Consequently, where applicable, this work
has been integrated into the present bibliography. Annotations taken from
the Matsuda and Rubano bibliographies are followed by the letter designa­
tion [M] or [R] and the entry number of the original work.

Availability of Materials

University of Hawaii

Hawaiian-Pacific Collection:— Located on the third floor of Sinclair

Library, the Hawaiian-Pacific Collection contains a majority of the materials
annotated in this bibliography. This collection not only houses many of the
general works on Hawaii's Japanese Americans but contains all the Master's
theses and Ph. D. dissertations completed at the University of Hawaii. In
addition, relevant dissertations from a number of mainland and foreign
universities may also be found here.

Sinclair and Hamilton Libraries:— These collections have a scatter­

ing of general works on the Japanese Americans in the Islands. Especially
useful are holdings of popular periodicals and academic journals located
in Hamilton Library. Sinclair Library houses the Asia Collection (base­
ment level), the B.A. Honors Collection (fourth floor) and the Government
Documents Collection (third floor). In the Government Documents Collection
an index has been compiled which lists papers that have bearing on the
ethnic groups in Hawaii including the Japanese Americans. The interested
student is advised to investigate this source since the index serves as a
useful guide through the wealth of materials located in this collection.

A complete author, title and subject listing of all works available

throughout the University library system is found in the card catalog in
Hamilton Library.

Industrial Relations Center (IRC):— The IRC, located in the

Business Administration Building on the Manoa campus, has some materials
on the labor history of the Japanese Americans in Hawaii which are

x
unduplicated elsewhere. The library of the IRC is open to student use.
Materials located in this collection have been listed in Edwin C.
Pendleton’s Labor in Hawaii: A Bibliography.

University Departments:— The student doing research is also en­

couraged to check with departments on campus to see what kinds of materials
they have that are not duplicated elsewhere. Most departments keep files
of theses, oral histories or special projects which could be valuable to
the researcher. Useful information might also be obtained through faculty
members of individual departments.

State of Hawaii Collection

State Library;— Although there are some materials on Hawaii’s

Japanese Americans in the state libraries, their content is very general
and is duplicated in the University collection.

The Hawaii and Pacific Unit of the State Library Branch has
published a brief bibliography, Japanese in Hawaii, second in a series
of bibliographies on the major ethnic groups in Hawaii. The researcher
may find this a handy reference to the more than 100 titles in their hold­
ings, relevant to the Japanese experience in Hawaii.

State Archives:— The State Archives is a valuable source for

Hawaiian documents and laws. Shipping lists of Japanese immigrants,
figures on population and population growth, photographic negatives,
prints and albums relating to the history of Hawaii, can be found in the
Archives.

Organizations

Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association (HSPA):— Materials included

in the bibliography under the heading Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
are a small indication of some of the documents existing in the Association'
files. Unfortunately, the files are not generally open to the public and
any close scrutiny would require the permission of HSPA officials.

International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU):— An

appreciable collection of documents is also held by the ILWU but these can
be examined only with special permission.

Japanese American Research Center Library (JARCL):— The holdings

of the Japanese American Research Center Library represent a wide variety
of resource materials. However, at the present time, the library is
structured for staff-related research only and not open for public use.
The majority of its materials can be obtained elsewhere as indicated in
the bibliography.

Additional Organizations:— There are other sources of research

that the student should be acquainted with which relate to Hawaii's
history and are therefore relevant to the history of the Japanese American.

xi
For example, many unduplicated materials are found in the Hawaiian
Historical Society, the Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society, the Bishop
Museum and the Hawaiian Mission Academy. In addition, invaluable news­
letters and weekly programs relating to the Japanese-American experience
can be obtained through various religious organizations. The Honpa
Hongwanji Mission, Young Buddhist Association, Church of World Messianity,
Seventh-Day Adventists, and the Makiki Christian Church are a few sources
which the researcher could find fruitful. The Makiki Christian Church
also contains the collection of Reverend Takie Okumura’s private letters
which are especially relevant to understanding the early years of the
Japanese American community in Hawaii.

Hawaii' s Newspapers

Back files of newspapers can be found on microfilm at the State

and University Library collections. An index to the Honolulu Advertiser
and Star-Bulletin is available. This index was published in 1968 by the
Office of Library Services of the Hawaii Department of Education and
serves the period 1929-1968. Subsequent yearly additions have also been
printed. No index exists for the Hawaii Herald or any other Japanese
language newspaper. However, microfilms have been made for a small
selection of certain Japanese newspapers and issues which can be obtained
at the University of Hawaii's Hamilton Library.

xii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A number of individuals assisted in the development of this

bibliography. Bert Sakuda and Katherine Wakayama, Research Associates
of the Japanese American Research Center (JARC), contributed enormously
in both the annotation and bibliographical citation stages of this work.
Materials published from 1968-1972 were located and recorded largely
through the efforts of Mr. Sakuda, while thanks are due Mrs. Wakayama
for her help in indexing and annotating entries. Deep appreciation is
also owed to Barbara Kakuda who spent long and often tedious hours in
the construction of the preliminary subject index. Finally, deserving
recognition are the Trustees of the Japanese American Research Center
and especially Sidney Kosasa, Masato Kamisato, Ron Nagano, and Keiji
Kawakami who took time off from their demanding business schedules to
provide community assistance and input.

Support for this work came from the Japanese American Research
Center (JARC) sponsored by the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce.
This bibliography represents the first major publication promoted by
the JARC. The American Studies Department at the University of Hawaii,
through a Rockefeller Foundation Grant, also assisted.

Dennis M. Ogawa

xiii
ABBREVIATIONS

AH Archives, State of Hawaii

HH Hawaii Herald

HSPA* Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association Library

ILWU* International Longshoremen’s and

Warehousemen's Union

JARCL** Japanese American Research Center Library

UHA Asia Collection

Sinclair Library, University of Hawaii

UHC B.A. Honors Collection

Sinclair Library, University of Hawaii

UHH Hawaiian and Pacific Collection

Sinclair Library, University of Hawaii

UHHC Hawley Collection of Ryukyuan Materials

University of Hawaii

UHL General Collection (including Government Documents)

Hamilton and Sinclair Libraries, University of Hawaii

UHOC Asia Collection (formerly Oriental Collection)

Sinclair Library, University of Hawaii

*Special permission required (see Preface)

**Presently for staff use only; not open to public
(see Preface)

xiv
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Adams, Romanzo Colfax. "Some Statistics on the Japanese in

Hawaii. " Foreign Affairs 2(1923):310-~318. UHL

Statistics on Japanese population in Hawaii, their steerage

travel, births and deaths, and voting strength. [M 543]

2. . "Birth Rate of the Hawaiian Japanese. " Journal

of Applied Sociology 8(1924):206-209. UHH-UHL

A statistical study designed primarily to indicate Japanese

population trends and to assuage fears of Japanese domina
tion in Hawaii. [M 541]

3. . The Japanese in Hawaii: A Statistical Study

Bearing on the Future Humber and Voting Strength and on the
Economic and Social Character of the Hawaiian Japanese. New
York: National Committee on American Japanese Relations,
1924. 26 pp. UHH

Statistics, with commentary, on Japanese population trends

in Hawaii, primarily to assuage the prevalent fear of
"Japanese dominance" in Hawaii’s politics and economy.
[M 445]

4. . "Functions of the Language Schools in Hawaii. "

The Friend 95(1925):197-198. AH-UHH

A brief statement on Chinese, Japanese, and Korean language

schools, stressing their primary function to prepare chil­
dren for living in their ancestral countries and to rein­
force the parental influence. [M. 810]

5.____ _____________. "Japanese Migration Statistics. " Sociology and

Social Research 13(1929):436-445. UHH-UHL

Statistics on Japanese migration to and from Hawaii, made in

response to unfounded but widespread alarm in Hawaii over
the 1920 United States census report showing a great in­
crease in foreign-born Japanese population. [M 542]

1
6-1.1 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

6. Adams, Romanzo Colfax. Interracial Marriage in Hawaii: A

Study of the Mutually Conditioned Processes of Acculturation
and Amalgamation. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1937.
353 pp. UHH-UHL

A study of the character of Hawaii’s peoples, their social

relations, assimilation, and amalgamation, with scattered
references to the Japanese. Discussion of the Japanese as a
racial group appears on pp. 160-173. [M 749]

7 . _____________ ."Getting the Facts Straight About Statehood— A

Myth About Japanese Dominance. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin,
October 31, 1940, p. 5. UHL

A statistical presentation relating to the Japanese popula­

tion in Hawaii, to assuage fears of Japanese dominance in
Hawaii. [M 662]

8 . _____________ . The Peoples of Hawaii. Honolulu: American

Council Institute of Pacific Relations, 1933. 58 pp. UHH

Statistical data on the population. Includes racial compo­

sition and birth rates, occupations, years of education and
crime rates among the various ethnic groups. See entry 414.
[M 750]

9. Agena, Masako, and Eiko Yoshinaga. '” Daishi-Do'— A Form of

Religious Movement. " Social Process in Hawaii 7(1941): 15-20. UHH

A description of a popular form of Shingon Buddhism,

Daishi-do, introduced from Japan. [M 544]

10. Akahoshi, Hidefumi. "Hongwanji in Rural Japan and Cosmopolitan

Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 26(1963):80-82. UHH

A comparative description of Honpa Hongwanji Buddhism in

Japan and Hawaii, showing institutional differences. [M 545]

11. Akinaka, Amy. "Types of Japanese Marriage in Hawaii. " Social

Process in Hawaii 1(1935): 32-33. UHL

2
BIBLIOGRAPHY 12-16

A brief description of the prevailing three types of mar­

riage in the Hawaiian Japanese community: traditional
Japanese marriage, Western individualistic marriage, and an
intermediate type. [M 546]

12. Allendale, Gwenfread E. Hawaii's War Years, 1941-1945.

Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1950. 418 pp. UHH

A detailed account of the effect of the war on Hawaii and

the resultant social upheaval. Depicts public reaction
toward Americans of Japanese ancestry, as well as alien
Japanese, Italians and Germans. [M 751]

13. Aller, Curtis Cosmos, Jr. Labor Relations in the Hawaiian

Sugar Industry. Berkeley: Institute of Industrial Relations,
University of California, 1957. 108 pp. UHH

A historical account of the unionization of labor in

Hawaii's sugar plantation industry, with scattered refer­
ences to Japanese laborers. [M 753]

14. . "The Evolution of Hawaiian Labor Relations:

From Benevolent Paternalism to Mature Collective Bargaining. "
Ph. D. thesis [Political Economy and Government], Harvard
University, 1958. 676 pp. UHH-UHL

A socio-historical description of labor-management relations

in Hawaii, with emphasis on sugar plantation laborers.
Scattered references to Japanese as plantation laborers.
[M 752]

15. Altonn, Helen. "Old Hawaii Law Opposed by Social Services,

Requires Support for Parents. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin,
February 3, 1968, p. A-1. UHL-JARCL

Brief article regarding opposition of the repeal of an old

statute requiring "adult children to support indigent par­
ents to the extent of their financial a b i l i t y . . ." by
various Japanese people and organizations.

16. The American Legion. The Oriental Question. New York:

National Americanism Commission, 1922. 40 pp. HSPA

3
17-20 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A report by the American Legion presented at its national

convention touching on the growing menace of Oriental immi­
gration to the United States, including Hawaii. A few
references to Japanese immigrants in Hawaii. [M 754]

17. Anderson, Elmer J. "The Americanization of a Polyglot

Population. " Educational Forum 12(1948): 471-475. UHL

Speaks of the loyalty to the United States of people of

various ethnic groups in Hawaii, particularly the Japanese.
The Americanization to which the children of Japanese immi­
grants were exposed in the school system had greater influ­
ence on them than did the Japanization of the home and the
language schools. [R 17]

18. "An Early Day ’Political Power’." Sunday Star-Bulletin and

Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-12. UHL-JARCL

Very brief article on some of the accomplishments of

Takaichi Miyamoto, "one of the few Americans of Japanese
ancestry who took to the stump in the election campaigns of
the early 1920’s. "

19. Anthrobus, John S., and Bernard L. Bloom. "Sibling Rank Among
Japanese-American Male Schizophrenics. " Transcultural
Psychiatric Research 2(1965): 54-56. UHL

Tests the hypothesis that the responsibilities of the

Japanese-American eldest son and his struggle to break away
from his traditional role contribute to a possible schizo­
phrenic reaction. Although many of Hawaii’s Japanese-
American eldest sons who are hospitalized as patients
report a great deal of conflict over the eldest son role, it
is felt that this conflict does not, in general, contribute
to the etiology of their illness. (Levy) [R 23]

20. Araki, Makoto, Marjorie H. Carlson, Kazuichi Hamasaki, Blossom

M. Higa, Betty Ann W. Rocha, and Hiromi Shiramizu. "A Study of
the Socio-Cultural Factors in Casework Services for Individuals
and Families Known to the Child and Family Service of Honolulu,
1954. " Master’s thesis [Social Work], University of Hawaii,
1956. 266 pp. UHH

4
BIBLIOGRAPHY 21-23

A study of cultural influences in the personal and family

problems brought to a social welfare agency; a comparative
study of ethnic groups. Chapter V, "The Japanese, " pp. 107-
136, was written by Marjorie Henkle Carlson. [M 755]

21. Ariyoshi, Koji. "A Historic Voyage to Hawaii. " Sunday Star-
Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-l. UHL-JARCL

Brief account of the Gannen Mono (First Year People) in

Hawaii. Article written on the commemoration of the centen
nial of the Japanese immigration to Hawaii.

22. Arkoff, Abe. "Need Patterns in Two Generationsof Japanese-

Americans in Hawaii. " Journal of Social Psychology 50(1959):
75-79. UHL

Uses the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule to measure

personality needs in second- and third-generation Japanese-
Americans, contrasting the two generations with each other
and with an American normative group. Sample was composed
of 320 university students. "Statistically significant
differences in needs were found between the Japanese-
Americans, as a whole, and the American normative group.
Although generally failing to achieve statistical signifi­
cance, differences between the several groups suggested an
acculturation process with the third-generation Japanese-
Americans intermediate between the second-generation group
on one side and the American normative group on the other. "
[M 548; R 26]

23. _. "Deference— East, West, Mid-Pacific:

Observations Concerning Japanese, American and Japanese-
American Women. " Psychologia 7(1964):159-164. UHH

Report of research in which second- and third-generation

Japanese-Americans achieved significantly higher deference
scores than either their Japanese or Mainland American
counterparts. The three groups of females are more deferent
than the males of their respective groups and less inclined
to be dominant than counterpart males. Patterning of per­
sonality needs for each group of women, as indicated by
their Edwards Personal Preference Schedule scores, is con­
stant relative to the males of their group. Article of the
same title also appears in International Understanding
2(1964-1965): 6-12. See entries 26 and 323. [M 547; R 27]

5
24-26 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

24. Arkoff, Abe, Gerald Meredith, and Ronald Jones. "Urban-Rural

Differences in Need Patterns of Third-Generation Japanese-
Americans in Hawaii. " Journal of Social Psychology 53(1961):
21-23. UHL

The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule is used to measure

personality needs of third-generation Japanese-Americans.
Subjects were university students— fifty-four from highly
urbanized areas and thirty-two from rural areas. No signif­
icant difference in need patterns between the rural and
urban groups was detected. [R 32]

25. , , and Shinkuro Iwahara. "Dominance-

Deference Patterning in Motherland-Japanese, Japanese-American
and Caucasian-American Students. " Journal of Social Psychology
58(1962): 61-66. UHL

A comparative study of dominance-deference (dominance-

submission) behavior patterns of three groups of college
students. A specially devised questionnaire was adminis­
tered to 63 Caucasian-American, 76 third-generation
Japanese-American and 113 Japanese university students.
Significant differences in test scores were found to corre­
late with sex and ethnic status. [M 551; R 30]

26. , , and Janice Dong. "Attitudes of

Japanese-American and Caucasian-American Students Toward
Marriage Roles. " Journal of Social Psychology 59(1963): 11-15. UHL

A comparative study of sansei Japanese-and Caucasian-

Americans in their attitudes toward marriage and family
roles. "The research instrument was a scale measuring male-
dominant and egalitarian attitudes toward marriage.
Caucasian-American males and females were not found to
differ significantly and Japanese-American females were not
significantly different from the females of the Caucasian-
American group. The Japanese-American males, however, were
found to be more male-dominant in their conception of mar­
riage roles than either the females of their own ethnic
group or the Caucasian-American males. " See entries 23 and
323. [M 550; R 29]

6
BIBLIOGRAPHY 27-30

27. Arkoff, Abe, Gerald Meredith, and Shinkuro Iwahara. "Male-

Dominant and Equalitarian Attitudes in Japanese, Japanese-
American, and Caucasian-American Students. " Journal of Social
Psychology 64(1964): 225-229. UHL

A comparative study of attitudes of Japanese, Japanese-

American, and Caucasian-American students toward marriage
roles. See entry 323. [M 552]

2 8 . _____________, and Donald A. Leton. "Ethnic and Personality

Patterns in College Entrance. " Journal of Experimental
Education 35(1966): 79—83. UHL

An ethnic questionnaire and the Edwards Personal Preference

Schedule were administered to 959 high school seniors; this
same group was examined four years later to determine
whether there was a significant disproportion of students
from any given ethnic group attending college. Results
indicate percentages for college attendance were lower among
the Filipinos, Hawaiians and second-generation Japanese and
higher among the Caucasians, Chinese and third-generation
Japanese. Data on educational attainment as related to EPPS
results are rendered in tabular form. [R 28]

29. , and Herbert B. Weaver. "Body Image and Body

Dissatisfaction in Japanese-Americans." Journal of Social
Psychology 68(1966):323-330. UHL

Questionnaire administered to eighty-seven Japanese-American

and fifty-three Caucasian-American students revealed signif­
icantly greater body dissatisfaction among Japanese-American
females than among the other subjects, and the Japanese-
American males and females expressed a significantly greater
desire to be taller than did the Caucasian-Americans.
[M 549; R 34]

30. Armstrong, Fred Eugene, comp. "Aspects of Prejudice in the

Territory of Hawaii. " In Proceedings of the Hilo, Hawaii,
Territorial Conference of Social Work (3rd Annual Regional
Conference), 1944, pp. 11-54. UHH

7
31-34 TEE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A conference report on racial prejudice among Filipinos,

Hawaiians, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, and Negroes in
Hawaii. "Relating to the Japanese, " pp. 24-34 written by
Masayuki Kido, specifically discusses discrimination against
the Japanese in employment, education, social life, inter­
marriage, government, and professions. [M 811]

31. Arnold, Harry L . , Jr. "Steroids and the Japanese. " Hawaii
Medical Journal 9(1949): 36. UHH

Comments on the relatively low rate of coronary disease and

the absence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin among
Hawaii’s Japanese, in spite of this group’s relatively high
rate of exposure to sunshine. Suggests that Japanese-
Americans "are so constituted as to function on a lesser
amount of cholesterol than other races. . ." o r they may
metabolize it more efficiently. [R 35]

32. Asai, Carol Y. "Acculturation Among the Japanese American and

Caucasian Japanese College Students in Hawaii. " B.A. Honors
thesis [Sociology], University of Hawaii, 1972. 54 pp. UHC

Forty-seven University of Hawaii students were tested for

acculturation based on parentage as follows: American,
American and nisei, American and issei, nisei, nisei and
issei, and issei. Results generally indicate that cultural
and biological "closeness" to American culture aids in
acculturation to American culture.

33. Bailey, Thomas A. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " In Japan, an

Interpretation, edited by Ashley E. Holden and Charles E.
Martin, pp. 68-70. Seattle: Lowman and Hanford Co., 1930. UHL

A brief report on the economic, social, and political status

of the Japanese, presented at a round-table discussion on
Japan at the Institute of International Relations,
University of California, Berkeley, in August 1930. [M 554]

34. . "Japan’s Protest Against the Annexation of

Hawaii. " Journal of Modern History 3(1931):46-61. UHL
BIBLIOGRAPHY 35-39

A study of American-Japanese relations centering on the

annexation of Hawaii in 1897-1898 and Japan’s protest
against it. The author views the protest mainly as a polit­
ical maneuver on the part of the Japanese government in its
relations with the opposition at home, rather than as a
serious protest of international import. [M 553]

35. Baker, Ray Stannard. "Human Nature in Hawaii. " The American
Magazine 73(1912): 328-339. HSPA

Comments on the "feudalistic system" of the plantations in

Hawaii and the "dividing and dominating" policy of the
planters, dealing mainly with management-Japanese labor
relations. [M 663]

36. Balch, John Adrian. Shall the Japanese Be Allowed to Dominate

Hawaii? Honolulu, 1943. 38 pp. UHH-HSPA

A series of letters exchanged between a private citizen,

Balch, and influential military and civilian personnel in
Hawaii and on the Mainland, concerning the "menace" of the
large number of Japanese in Hawaii. [M 446]

37. . "Balch Letters. " Honolulu, 1945. AH

A series of letters from John A. Balch, a private citizen of

Hawaii, to Lt. Gen. Robert C. Richardson, U. S. Army
Commanding, and Senator Alice Kamokila Campbell of the
Territory of Hawaii, discussing the status of Americans of
Japanese ancestry in Hawaii during World War II. [M 379]

38. Ball, Harry Vernon and Douglas Shigeharu Yamamura. "Ethnic

Discrimination and the Marketplace: A Study of Landlords'
Preferences in a Polyethnic Community. " American Sociological
Review 25(1960): 687-694. UHL

Data obtained in Honolulu in 1952 on the extent to which

discrimination is practiced by individual landlords of
specific ethnic groups as compared with the general tendency
toward non-discrimination in the market. [R 38]

39. Barber, Joseph Jr. Hawaii: Restless Rampart. Indianapolis

and New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1941. 258 pp. UHH

9
40-43 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A description of missionary activities, economic conditions,

race relations, and military facilities in "restless" Hawaii
immediately before the war. In the section on the Japanese,
pp. 127-155, the author discusses growing interracial ten­
sion arising more from economic competition presented by the
Japanese than from the question of their loyalty to the
United States. [M 756]

40. Bartos, Otomar J., and R. A. Kalish. "Sociological Correlates

of Student Leadership in Hawaii. " Journal of Educational
Sociology 35(1961):65-72. UHL

Using a random sample of 147 university students, the rela­

tionship of leadership to variables of race, sex and reli­
gion is tested. Major groupings are Japanese, Chinese,
Caucasian and Buddhist and Christian. [R 41]

41. Beaglehole, Ernest. "Culture and Psychosis in Hawaii, "

Appendix B. In E. Beaglehole, Some ModernHawaiians,pp. 156-
171. University of Hawaii Research Publication No. 19. 1939. UHH

Statistics with commentary on the incidence of psychosis

among various ethnic groups in Hawaii, including Japanese,
with particular emphasis on the relative incidence of two
principal types of psychoses (dementia precox and manic-
depressive) in each ethnic group, [M 812]

42. Bean, Robert. "My Race Relations Experience at Work. " Social
Process in Hawaii 18(1954): 26-29. UHH

A Caucasian from Hawaii speaks of the process of establish­

ing rapport with his fellow employees, a group of young
Japanese-Americans, at an auto shop. [M 555; R 44]

43. Beekman, Allan. Hawaiian Tales. Detroit: Harlo Press, 1970.

112 pp. UHH-JARCL

Stories centering around Japanese in Hawaii set in Oahu from

1910 to 1950. Individual stories were previously published
separately in the Pacific Citizen, Pacific Features and
, ,
Sports New Pacific Magazine Scene, and The Saint Detective
Magazine .

10
BIBLIOGRAPHY 44-47

44. Beekman, Take, and Allan Beekman. "Hawaii’s Great Japanese

Strike; Opposed to the Struggle of the Japanese for Equality
and Dignity was the Combined Might of Hawaii's Government and
Industry. " Pacific Citizen 51(1960):B1-B8. UHH

A story of the 1920 Japanese strike on sugar plantations in

Hawaii. [M 664]

45. Bennett, Charles G. "Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of

Selected Chronic Conditions. " Chronic Disease Newsletter, No.
3, Hawaii Department of Health, 1968. UHH-JARCL

A report based on data from the "Health Surveillance

Program, " a monthly survey of health on Oahu from April 1964
through March 1967. The sample included 5, 235 persons
forty-five years of age or older of Caucasian, Japanese,
part-Hawaiian, Filipino, and Chinese ancestries, and an "all
others" category. Chronic morbidity conditions investigated
included asthma, diabetes, mental and nervous disorders,
heart conditions, hypertension, peptic ulcers, and others.

46. Bennett, Charles G., George H. Tokuyama, and Paul T. Bruyere.

"Health of Japanese Americans in Hawaii. " Public Health
Reports, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health,
Education and Welfare 78(1963): 753-762. UHH

A product of the 1958-1959 survey conducted jointly by the

Hawaii State Department of Health, Oahu Health Council, and
the National Health Survey Program of the Public Health
Service, showing the extent of disability, acute and chronic
conditions, and physical and dental disorders among Japanese-
Americans in Hawaii. [M 556]

47. Bennett, Charles G . , George H. Tokuyama, and Thomas C. McBride.

"Cardiovascular-Renal Mortality in Hawaii. " American Journal
of Public Health 52(1962):1418-1431. UHL-JARCL

11
48-50 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

An investigation conducted by the Hawaii Heart Association,

the State Department of Health, and the U. S. Public Health
Service revealed differential cardiovascular-renal death
rates in Hawaii. The 6, 722 sample indicated that
"Polynesians" showed the highest cardiovascular-renal mor­
tality rates and Japanese, the lowest. "General age-
adjusted rates were lower for men and slightly higher for
women than for the mainland United States. Other findings
are presented and their possible significance discussed. "

48. Berk, Morton E., and Alfred S. Hartwell. "Five Years of Heart
Disease in Hawaii. " Hawaii Medical Journal 8(1949):177-180. UHH

Records of patients with heart disease admitted to four

Honolulu hospitals from January 1942 to December 1946 were
reviewed, and those with sufficient information (1,269
cases) were analyzed as to racial incidence of heart dis­
ease, age distribution, etiology and other pertinent data.
Incidence of heart disease among Hawaiians and Puerto Ricans
was found to be much higher than among the other races in
Hawaii. [R 48]

49. Berrien, Frederick Kenneth. "Familiarity, Mirror Imaging and

Social Desirability in Stereotypes: Japanese vs Americans. "
International Journal of Psychology 4(1969):207-215. UHL

Stereotype assessment forms drawn from the Edward

Personality Schedule were administered to three sets of
students: (a) 225 male and 118 female undergraduates at
Rutgers University; (b) 240 male and 240 female undergradu­
ates at various universities in Tokyo; and (c) 240 male and
240 female Japanese-American students at the University of
Hawaii. The purpose of the study was to test for an alleged
dynamic relationship between the "familiarity hypothesis"
(Abate and Berrien, 1967); the "mirror image hypothesis"
(Bronfenbrener, 1960; White, 1961; and Osgood, 1962); and
the "social desirability" (SD) effect.

50. _______ _____ , Abe Arkoff, and Shinkuro Iwahara. "Generational

Differences in Values: Americans, Japanese Americans, and
Japanese. " Journal of Social Psychology 71(1967): 169-175. UHL

12
BIBLIOGRAPHY 51-54

The hypothesis that greater differences of value patterns

exist between Japanese parents and their college children
than between either American or Japanese American parents
and their college children was not supported. The "number
of similarities in generation differences among the three
sets of data far outweighs the difference. . . The data
suggest that there are some general value modifications
associated with [age] that transcend cultures as different
as those represented herein. "

51. Bishop, Sereno Edwards. "Brief History of Differences Between

Hawaii and Japan. " In Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1898,
pp. 70-75. Honolulu: Thomas G. Thrum, 1898. UHH

An account of the complications resulting from the require­

ment that an immigrant possess $50 in order to land in
Hawaii, with particular reference to the Japanese immigrants
of 1897. [M 665]

52. Black, Arthur Duane, and R. E. Grinder. "Reliability of the

Ammons FRPV Test and the Relationship Between Two Measures of
Verbal Comprehension for a Japanese-American Sample. "
Psychological Reports 5(1959):261-263. UHL

An evaluation of the reliability of psychological measures

as applied to third-generation Japanese students at the
University of Hawaii with bilingual ability, showing the
extent of influence of such an ability on test performance.
[M 557]

53. Blackey, Eileen. "Cultural Aspects of Case Work in Hawaii. "

Social Process in Hawaii 5(1939): 30-45. UHH

Observations on cultural patterns of ethnic groups that

influence behavior and attitudes of social case work cli­
ents, comparing eight major ethnic groups in Hawaii, includ­
ing the Japanese. [M 813]

54. Blakeslee, George. "Hawaii: Racial Problem and Naval Base. "
Foreign Affairs 17(1938):90-99. UHL

Comments on the problems of assimilation and loyalty of

Hawaii’s Japanese and on possible Japanese sabotage at the
Pearl Harbor naval base in the event of war. [M 666]

13
55-57 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

55. Blane, Howard T., and Kazuo Yamamoto. "Sexual Role Identity
Among Japanese and Japanese-American High School Students. "
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 1(1970): 345-354. UHL

Short forms of the Franck Drawing Completion Test and the

Gough (CPI) femininity scale were administered to 369
Japanese-American and Caucasian-American high school students
in Hawaii and 93 high school students in Japan. Results
were as follows: (1) Japanese were more feminine regardless
of sex than either Japanese-Americans or Caucasian-
Americans; (2) Japanese-Americans were more feminine than
Caucasian-Americans on the Gough scale, whereas the Franck
Test revealed no essential differences; (3) Japanese females
were less feminine on the Gough scale than Japanese-American
females, and equal to Caucasian-American females on the sex-
by-ethnicity analysis. Men tended to follow the ethnic
pattern. The patterns revealed by the investigation are
generally attributed to cultural and social differentiation.

56. Bloom, Bernard L., and Abe Arkoff. "Role Playing in Acute and
Chronic Schizophrenia. " Journal of Consulting Psychology
25(1961):24-28. UHL

A test of the hypothesis that "acutely ill schizophrenics

would be better able to play the normal role than chroni­
cally ill ones and that whether acutely or chronically ill,
schizophrenics who subsequently improved would be better
able to play the normal role than those who did not. "
Subjects were fifty-four hospitalized schizophrenics. Major
groups represented were Caucasian, part-Hawaiian, and
Japanese. Results were not statistically significant.
[R 58]

57. Bloomberg, Lynn. "The Effect of Salience of Ethnic Group

Membership on Pain Tolerance for Japanese-Americans and
Caucasian-Americans. " B.A. Honors thesis [Psychology],
University of Haw aii, 1968. 24 pp. UHC

Twenty Japanese-American females and twenty Caucasian-

American females were instructed that the ethnic group to
which they did not belong had higher pain tolerance.
Caucasian-American subjects reacted by raising their toler­
ance whereas no change in that direction was exhibited by
Japanese-American subjects. The author views the Japanese-
American responses as behavior conforming to an "inferior
group" self-image. [R 60]

14
BIBLIOGRAPHY 58-63

58. Bogardus, Emory S. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " Sociology and

Social Research 19 (1935):562-569. UHL

A comparative study of character differences among the

issei, nisei, and sansei Japanese in Hawaii. [M 558]

59. Bouslog, Charles S. "Hawaii Shows Japan— And Asia. " Asia and
the Americas 53(1943): 106-110. UHL

An article showing how common sense, neighborliness, and

lack of hysteria successfully averted any serious Japanese
problems in Hawaii during the war. [M 667]

60. ____________ . "Mama-San Emancipated. " Asia and the Americas

53(1943):354-356. UHL

The account of a YWCA volunteer working among isolated

Japanese women in Hawaii to help them better adjust to
wartime conditions. [M 668]

61. Bouslog, Harriet, and Myer C. Symonds. "Memorandum on History

of Labor and the Law in Territory of Hawaii. " [Hearings on]
Civil [Cases]; No. 828 and No. 836. United States District
Court for the District of Hawaii. Mimeographed. Honolulu,
1948. 38 pp. UHH

A brief prepared by order of the court during the hearings

on a civil dispute involving the ILWU, concerning Hawaii’s
labor condition before and after Annexation, labor injunc­
tions, and labor laws. Touches on the Japanese labor
strikes of 1909 and 1920, pp. 14-17, 20-24. [M 814]

62. Broom, Leonard. "Intermarriage and Mobility in Hawaii. " In

Transactions of the Third World Congress of Sociology, vol. 3,
pp. 277-282. London, 1956. UHL

A statistical analysis of intermarriage and social mobility

in Hawaii. Included is a discussion of the "marked, if
declining" homogeneity of the Japanese.

63. , and John I. Kitsuse. "The Validation of

_

Acculturation: A Condition to Ethnic Assimilation. " American

Anthropologist 57(1955): 44—48. UHL

15
64-68 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

Describes significant social forces and institutions in both

the American and the Japanese cultures which serve to facil­
itate or retard assimilation of Japanese in Hawaii and the
Mainland. [R 70]

64. Brown, Karen N. and Susan Yamachika. "A Study of Pupils’ Sex,
Achievement, and Ethnic Background as They Relate to Classroom
Interaction." B.A. Honors thesis [Elementary Education],
University of Hawaii, 1970. 170 pp. UHC

A pilot investigation of six female seventh grade teachers’

interactions with their students. Achievement level, eth­
nicity and sex factors as influences on the frequency,
duration and quality of interaction between teacher and
pupil were seen as significant.

65. Brownell, Robert. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " Rob Wagner's

Script (Los Angeles) 30(1944): 9-10. UHH

The author, who worked closely with Hawaii’s AJAs during the
war, writes to correct Mainlanders' false impressions of the
wartime activities of Hawaii's Japanese. [M 669]

66. Bryan, Jack. "In the Spotlight: The Rocky Higa Family. "
Honolulu Star-Bulletin, February 18, 1969, p. III-7. UHL-JARCL

Article focusing on the family of Shintaro Higa for a "cap-

sulized sketch of one phase of Hawaii's ethnic history. "

67. "Buddhist Groups Hear Matsunaga. " Hawaii Herald , November 20,
1969, p. 2. HH-JARCL

Entire address by U. S. Representative Spark M. Matsunaga at

the Joint Conference of the Churches of the Southern
District Council of the Buddhist Churches of America, the
Southern District Buddhist Women’s Federation and the Adult
Buddhist League is reprinted.

68. Buell, Raymond Leslie. Japanese Immigration. World Peace

Foundation Pamphlet 7 (1924):281-380. HSPA

16
BIBLIOGRAPHY 69-72

An objective commentary on Japanese immigration mainly to

the Mainland, with a few references to Japanese immigrants
and their descendants in Hawaii. [M 757]

69. Bureau of Public Health Nursing, Department of Health.

"Cultural Beliefs and Practices of the Childbearing Period
and their Implications for Nursing Practice. " Hawaii Medical
Journal and Inter-island Nurses' Bulletin 14 and 15(1955). UHH

A study of childbearing practices and beliefs among

Hawaiians and second- and third-generation Chinese, Japa­
nese and Filipino families in Hawaii. Part I, Hawaiians,
appears in Volume 14, pages 342-346; Part II, Chinese,
pages 433-434; Part III, Filipinos, pages 539-541; and
Part IV, Japanese, appears in Volume 15, pages 58-59. [R 71]

70. Burke, Robert Adams. "Cross-Cultural Judgments of Unposed

Nonverbal Behavior. " Master's thesis [Speech Communication],
University of Hawaii, 1970. 66 pp. UHH

An analysis of the nature of nonverbal communication and

cultural influences and differences in nonverbal display.
The hypothesis that nonverbal behavior can be classified as
(1) culturally defined, (2) socially learned, and (3) cross-
cultural are tested employing thirty subjects: ten
Japanese, ten Japanese-Americans, and ten Caucasian-
Americans. The hypotheses that some nonverbal repertoires
are culturally defined and cross-cultural are substantiated,
but the hypothesis used to test for culture-specific nonver­
bal repertoires which are socially learned was not con­
firmed.

71. Burroughs, Edgar R. "Our Japanese Problem. " Hawaii 5(1944):7.

UHH

An article expressing bitter prejudice toward the politically

and economically "incompatible" Japanese in Hawaii and ad­
vocating deportation of all Japanese people. [M 670]

72. Burrows, Edwin Grant. Chinese and Japanese in Hawaii During

the Sino-Japanese Conflict. Honolulu: Hawaii Group, American
Council, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1939. 79 pp. UHH

17
73-77 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

Report on a three-month survey of the effects of the Sino-

Japanese war which began in 1937, on the attitudes of the
Chinese and Japanese toward each other. [M 447]

73. Burrows, Edwin Grant. Hawaiian Americans: An Account of the

Mingling of Japanese, C h i n e s e ,
Polynesian and American
Cultures. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1947. 228 pp. UHL

Discussion of accommodation and acculturation of various

ethnic groups in Hawaii, with scattered references to the
Japanese. [M 758]

74. "But for Progress, A Samurai. " Honolulu Advertiser, June 25,
1968, p. B-l. UHL-JARCL

A brief biographical sketch of the samurai ancestors of

Shunzo Sakamaki, professor of history and dean of summer
session at the University of Hawaii.

75. California Joint Immigration Committee. Congress and Japan:

Inside History of the Exclusion Measure. The Fundamental
Reasons Which Induced Action by Congress. The Movement to Have
That Action Reconsidered. SanFrancisco, [1925]. 11 pp. HSPA

A brief account of thepassage ofthe so-called Japanese

Exclusion Law of 1924 and the ineffectual attempts of the
American Federation of Churches to have the exclusion clause
struck out. [M 759]

76. Carney, Kenneth B. "Alien. . . In Name Only. " Hawaii 4

(1943):10-11. UHH

Character sketch of Rev. Okumura Takie, Japanese by birth

but thoroughly American in spirit. [M 671]

77. Carter, William H. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " Atlantic Monthly

128(1921):255-257. UHL

A brief history of Japanese immigration in Hawaii, a sympa­

thetic review. [M 672]

18
BIBLIOGRAPHY 78-80

78. Castberg, Anthony Didrick. "The Ethnic Factor in Criminal

Sentencing. " Master's thesis [Political Science], University
of Hawaii, 1966. 107 pp. UHH

Prison sentences meted out in Hawaii's courts are studied to

determine whether ethnicity and social distance were factors
in sentencing above and beyond legal criteria. [R 81]

79. Caudill, William. "Japanese-American Personality and

Acculturation. " Genetic Psychology Monographs 45(1952):3-102. UHL

TAT records of seventy (30 issei, 40 nisei) Japanese-

Americans were analyzed and compared with an analysis of
forty white lower middle-class and twenty white upper lower-
class records in terms of values and psychological adaptive
mechanisms. Some of the personality and attitudinal factors
investigated were: "Goals, Life Tasks, and Self-Attitudes, "
"Parental and Familial Adjustments and Emotional Attitudes
Toward Home, " and "Marriage, Sexual and General Interper­
sonal Adjustment. " A general theory regarding modes of
personality adjustments of issei and nisei is discussed.

80. , and Helen Weinstein. "Maternal Care and

Infant Behavior in Japan and America. " Psychiatry 32(1969): 12—
43. UHL

Results of an observational study carried out in the homes

of a "matched sample of twenty Japanese and thirty American
three-to-four-month-old infants— equally divided by sex, all
firstborn, all from intact middle-class families living in
urban settings" during 1961-1964. Purpose of the study was
to explore how early in the lives of infants, and in what
ways, cultural differences become manifest in behavior. The
hypotheses that (1) "Japanese mothers would spend more time
with their infants, would emphasize physical contact over
verbal interaction, and would have as a goal a passive and
contented baby, " and (2) "American mothers would spend less
time with their infants, would emphasize verbal interaction
rather than physical contact and would have as a goal an
active and self-assertive baby. . . were generally con­
firmed. . . . " It was concluded that "largely because of
different patterns of interaction with their mothers in the
two countries, infants have learned to behave in different
and culturally appropriate ways by three to four months of
age. " The major results were arrived at through use of
multivariate analysis called MANOVA (1966).

19
81-86 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

81. Cavaliero, Eric. "A Peek Back in Book of Japanese Memories."

Honolulu Advertiser, June 15, 1968, p. A-l. UHL-JARCL

Article based on James K. Fujikawa’s and Masayuki Adachi’s

anecdotes regarding their experiences in seeing the Emperor
of Japan.

82. . ”20 Years After the First ’Converts’." Sunday

Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-16. UHL-JARCL

Article briefly describing the first Japanese converts to

Christianity and Catholicism.

83. . "100 Affirm Their Faith in Buddha, Pali Temple

Ceremony. " Sunday Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 22,
1969, p. A-2. UHL-JARCL

Brief article on the significance of Affirmation rites

(Kieshiki) , an occasion when Buddhists gather together to
affirm their faith.

84. Chan, Helen Ho-Yiu. "Development of Ethnic Stereotypes in

Children. " M. A. thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii,
1966. 46 pp. UHH

Comparison of ethnic stereotypes in children and adults of

Chinese, Japanese and Caucasian background at three age
levels: third and fourth grade, fifth and sixth grade, and
university freshmen. Subjects’ application of descriptive
adjectives to Chinese, Japanese, Caucasians,and Indians was
analyzed in regard to ethnic identity, auto-stereotype, and
ethnic group rated. [R 83]

85. Cheng, C h 'eng-K'un, and Douglas S. Yamamura. "Interracial

Marriage and Divorce in Hawaii, " Social Forces 36(1957):77—
84. UHL

Statistical data on the changing patterns of interracial

marriage and divorce. [R 89]

86 . "Chief Justice Warren and the A J A ’s. " Hawaii Herald, August
7, 1969, p. 2. HH-JARCL

20
BIBLIOGRAPHY 87-91

Editorial pointing out the irony of Chief Justice Earl

Warren’s stand for human dignity and equal justice under
law while expressing neither regret nor apologies for
his role in putting Americans of Japanese ancestry in
relocation camps during World War II.

87. Chung-Hoon, Edwin K . , and Grace Hedgecock. "Racial Aspects of

Leprosy and Recent Therapeutic Advances. " Hawaii Medical
Journal 16(1956):125-130. UHH

Of 271 new cases of leprosy diagnosed in Hawaii during

the period 1945-1955, slightly under half were Hawaiian
or part-Hawaiian and one-fourth were immigrant Filipinos.
The lowest morbidity was among the Japanese. [R 94]

88. Clark, Blake. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " Hew Republic 107
(1942):308-310. UHL

An article stressing the loyalty of the Japanese in Hawaii

to America and calling for a dispassionate attitude toward
them. [M 673]

89. . "Some Japanese in Hawaii. " Asia and the

Americas 52(1942): 723-725. UHL

Comments on the loyalty to the United States of Americans

of Japanese ancestry. [M 674]

90. . "United States Soldiers with Japanese Faces;

Hawaiian Soldiers. " Reader's Digest 42(1943): 125-127. UHL

Condensation of an article in The Baltimore Sunday Sun,

January 10, 1943, commenting on American soldiers of
Japanese ancestry stationed at Camp McCoy, Wisconsin.
[M 675]

91. . Hawaii, the 49th State. Garden City, New York:

Doubleday, 1947. 271 pp. UHH

21
92-96 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A historical narrative written to better acquaint Mainland

Americans with Hawaii, which seemed on the threshold of
statehood. Special reference to Americans of Japanese
ancestry in Chapters IX (pp. 115-147) and XIII (pp. 211-
234). [M 760J

92. Cloward, Ralph B. "Brain Tumors in Hawaii, 1938-1948:

Statistical Review of 85 Verified Cases. " Hawaii Medical
Journal 8(1949): 188-193. UHH

Among the eighty-five cases studied, brain tumors occurred

twice as frequently among Caucasians as among Orientals,
but it is felt that any conclusion as to racial incidence
is unjustified. [R 96]

93. Cochran, Betty Ann. "An Analysis of the Meaning of the Term
'Pidgin' as Used by College Freshmen and an Examination of
their Attitudes Toward 'Pidgin'." Master's thesis [Speech],
University of Hawaii, 1953. 143 pp. UHH

Twenty-five users and non-users of pidgin were tested to

determine attitudes toward pidgin and its social usage.
Personal characteristics of the subjects are given. [R 97]

94. Coggins, Cecil Hengy. "The Japanese-Americans in Hawaii. "

Harper’s Magazine, June, 1943, pp. 75-83. UHL

An article remarking on the enthusiasm of nisei Japanese in

serving the United States during the war. [M 676]

95. Colket, G. Hamilton. "Suppressing Japanese Schools in

Hawaii. " The Nation 115(1922): 558-559. UHL

A brief note on the history of Japanese immigration and

Japanese language schools in Hawaii. [M 677]

96. Coman, Katherine. The History of Contract Labor in the

Hawaiian Islands. New York: American Economic Association,
1903. 68 pp. UHH-UHL

A brief history of contract labor on Hawaii’s sugar planta­

tions. References to Japanese labor on pp. 42-47 and
passim. [M 761]

22
BIBLIOGRAPHY 97-100

97. Compilation Committee for the Publication of Kinzaburo Makino's

Biography, eds. Life of Kinzaburo Makino . Honolulu: Hawaii
Hochi, 1965. 160 pp. in English, 143 pp. in Japanese. UHH-JARCL

The work consists of Makino's history prior to 1913, a

description of his work as newspaperman and editor of the
Hawaii Hochi , and essays, anecdotes, and personal reflec­
tions by various people close to him. Photographs in­
cluded.

98. Conroy, Hilary. '"Asiatic Federation' and the Japanese

Immigration to Hawaii. " In Fifty-Eighth Annual Report of the
Hawaiian Historical Society for the Year 1949, pp. 6-12.
Honolulu, 1950. UHH

A study of the unrealized Hawaiian-Japanese scheme of

establishing an "Asiatic Federation" and "Co-Prosperity
Sphere" and its bearing on Japanese immigration to Hawaii.
[M 559]

99. . The Japanese Frontier in H a w a i i ,

1868-1898.
Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1953. 175 pp. UHH-UHL-JARCL

A historical survey of Japanese-Hawaiian relations and

Japanese immigration to Hawaii, drawing heavily on Hawaii
archival materials. This work developed from the author’s
doctoral thesis at the University of California, "The
Japanese Expansion into Hawaii, 1868-1898. " [M 448]

100._____ _____________, and T. Scott Miyakawa, eds.East Across the

Pacific: Historical and Sociological Studies of Japanese
Immigration and Assimilation. Santa Barbara and Oxford:
American Bibliographical Center CLIO Press, 1972. 322 pp.
UHL-JARCL

A selection of essays regarding Japanese in Hawaii, the

Pacific, mainland United States, and Canada. The book is
divided into two sections, the first consisting of histori­
cal essays ranging from the early immigration of Japanese
to Hawaii and California, to the subsequent experiences of
Japanese-Americans in mainland North America. The second
section consists of sociological essays concerning accul­
turation and assimilation of Japanese in the United States.
Although the emphasis appears to be on the experiences of

23
101-104 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

West Coast Japanese, the studies are of general interest to

scholars of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii,

101. Cooke, Mary. "A Charming, But Fading Scene: Hoe Hana Women. "
Sunday Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-ll.
UHL-JARCL

An encounter with Japanese "hoe hana women" (women who work

with the hoe) is related, interspersed with comments on
their heroic nature. Reprinted from the Sunday Advertiser,
October 18, 1959.

102. . "The Suzuki's of Kahuku: Family Odyssey:

Siberia to North Oahu. " Sunday Star-Bulletin and Advertiser,
March 22, 1970, p. C-2, UHL-JARCL

Article on the life of Tokujiro Suzuki and his work on the

Kahuku plantation, The closing of the Kahuku plantation
ended his lifetime career and the careers of his four sons.
Also included is a short summary of the academic accom­
plishments of his grandson, Lance Suzuki, and other grand­
children.

103. Corey, James. "A Study of Police Experiences with the Racial
Aspects of Serviceman-Civilian Relations in the Territory of
Hawaii, 1949-1953. " Master's thesis [Sociology], University
of Hawaii, 1954. 153 pp. UHH

Relations between civilians and servicemen are studied and

an attempt is made to identify racial factors in cases of
friction between the two groups. [R 99]

104. Coulter, John Wesley, and Alfred Gomes Serrao, "Manoa Valley,
Honolulu: A Study in Economic and Social Geography. "
Bulletin of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia 30(1932):
107-130. UHH

A study of a typical Japanese colony, showing a character­

istic Japanese pattern of adjustment to a new social envi­
ronment. [M 560]

24
BIBLIOGRAPHY 105-110

105. "Country Club to Drop Racial Bars, 3 Orientals Proposed for

Membership. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, August 15, 1968, p. A-l.
UHL-JARCL

Article on the decision by the traditionally all-Caucasian

Oahu Country Club to alter their membership policy. This
decision follows the Pacific Club’s directive to admit
Orientals after 117 years of exclusion.

106. Crewdson, W. "Japanese Emigrants. " Nineteenth Century and

After 56(1904):813-819. UHL

A general review of the history and character of Japanese

emigration overseas, including emigration to Hawaii.
[M 815]

107. Daws, Gavan. Shoal of Time; A History of the Hawaiian

Islands. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968. 494 pp.
UHL-UHH-JARCL

A chronicle of Hawaii from Captain Cook’s coming in 1778 to

statehood in 1959. Japanese in Hawaii are dealt with most
specifically in Chapters 8 and 9.

108. Day, A. Grove. Hawaii and Its People, rev. ed. New York:
Meredith Press, 1968. 356 pp. UHL-UHH-JARCL

Interpretive history of the state of Hawaii. Of relevance

to Japanese Americans are sections concerning Kalakaua's
proposed royal alliance of Princess Kaiulani with a prince
in Japan, Japanese immigration, attack on Pearl Harbor, the
loyalty of Japanese in Hawaii, the 442nd Combat Team, and
the rise of Japanese-Americans in politics.

109. DeFord, Miriam Allen. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " The American
Mercury 35(1935):332-340. UHL

A characterization of the Japanese people in Hawaii,

stressing their Americanism. [M 678]

110 . DeFrancis, John, with V. R. Lincoln. Things Japanese in

Hawaii. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1973. 210 pp.
UHL-UHH

25
111-115 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

An examination of present-day Japanese culture in Hawaii in

the light of more than a century of adaptation and modifi­
cation. "The text and over one hundred photographs present
the special cultural events and cover comprehensively the
day-to-day influences, appearances, and occurrences of
things Japanese. Tea ceremony, folk dances, sports events,
music and drama festivals, food and restaurants, temples
and shrines, and an assortment of other subjects are in­
cluded in the long list. "

111. Del Mar, Walter. "Around the World through Japan. "
Typescript. 1 p. HSPA

A sketch on the recruitment and working conditions of

Japanese and other laborers in Hawaii. [M 679]

112. Deleon, David. "Zen Hermitage in Manoa. " Hawaii Herald,

April 6, 1972, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Article on the Koko A n , a Zendo established in Honolulu in

1959 by Robert Aitken. Description of the rituals, prac­
tices, and philosophy of Zen.

113. . "Koji Ariyoshi, an ’Atypical Florist. ’" Hawaii

Herald, April 13, 1972, p. 5. HH-JARCL

Describes some of the highlights in the life of Koji

Ariyoshi, including his experiences in Georgia and China,
his association with the labor movement in Hawaii, his role
as editor of the Honolulu Record, and his views on the war
in Southeast Asia.

114. Desilva, Frank A. "Music is Her Thing. " Hawaii Herald, March
18, 1971, p. 1. HH-JARCL

This article, in a series about war brides from Japan,

portrays Mrs. Fusae Maruyama who has her own radio show at
KZOO.

115. . "United Japanese Society Will Have Very Busy

Year. " Hawaii Herald, June 10, 1971, pp. 1-6. HH-JARCL

26
BIBLIOGRAPHY 116-119

Comments by the elected president of the United Japanese

Society for 1971-72.

116. "Diary Describes Voyage from Japan 100 Years Ago. " Honolulu
Star-Bulletin, June 14, 1968, p. A-10. UHL-JARCL

Article based on Dr. Y. Baron Goto's translation of the

diary of Yonekichi Sakuma, one of the Gannen Mono.
Sakuma’s daughter, Mrs. James S. Kondo, also relates some
of her father’s experiences.

117. Dien, Dora Shu-Fang. "Self-concept and Parental Identification

of Young Adults with Mixed Caucasian-Japanese Parentage. "
Master’s thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1962. 57
pp. UHH

Examines the influence of mixed parentage on personality

development. Subjects were fifteen university students
whose parents are of different cultural and racial back­
grounds, and two control groups, one with Japanese parents
and one with Caucasian parents. [R 108]

118. Digman, John M. "Ethnic Factors in Oahu's 1954 General

Election. " Social Process in Hawaii 21(1957): 20-24. UHH

An examination of the vote pattern of the 1954 election on

the island of Oahu, in an effort to gain some insight into
the various guides used by the electorate in the making of
their vote decisions. [R 109]

119. . "The Dimensionality of Social Attitudes. "

Journal of Social Psychology 57 (1962):433-444. UHL

Analyzes questionnaire statements of social opinion of 149

Hawaii residents, the majority of whom were second-
generation Orientals. "Interrelationships among the items
were determined and the correlation matrix factored. . .
Eight factors were identified: Authoritarian Beliefs and
Attitudes vs Humanitarianism, Equalitarianism, Social
Liberalism vs Political Conservatism, Nationalism, Tender­
mindedness vs Toughmindedness, and Sex Permissiveness.
[R 110]

27
120-122 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

120. Dixon, Paul W . , Nobuko K. Fukuda, and Anne E. Berens.

"Cognitive and Personalogical Factor Problems for Japanese-
American High-School Students in Hawaii. " Psychologia 13
(1970):35-41. UHA

Data from 166 students were used in an oblique rotation to

derive factor patterns for male and female Japanese-
Americans. There was a consistent acculturated pattern for
Japanese males and two factor patterns for female Japanese.
The first factor for Japanese females revealed an
achievement-oriented, academically skilled personality
pattern showing ego-dominant features. The second factor
showed a shy, submissive, nurturant, heterosexually inter­
ested, less verbal pattern of factor loadings. This was
interpreted in terms of retention of the traditional
Japanese values for females in the light of their histori­
cal origin.

121. , ____________ , a n d _____________ . "The Influence

of Ethnic Grouping on SCAT, Teachers' Ratings, and Rank in High
School Class. " Journal of Social Psychology 75(1968): 285-286. UHL

Summary of an investigation conducted with the Edwards

Personal Preference Schedule and the 16 PF (Personality
Factor Questioning Form A, Cattell) to "delineate the
personality dimensions of various ethnic groups in Hawaii,
especially the Japanese and Cosmopolitans of predominantly
Hawaiian ancestry. " Three measures— (a) teachers' ratings,
(b) rank in class, and (c) quantitative and verbal scores
on SCAT— were used to assess personality findings that
"Japanese have shown to be higher in need for achievement
and submission to authority than other groups. Japanese
females. . . . possessed a significantly higher degree of
clinical anxiety. " Tables deposited as Document number 9916
with the ADI Auxiliary Publications Project, Photoduplication
Project, Photoduplication Service, Library of Congress,
Washington, D. C. 20540.

122. Doi, Gary. "Detention-Camp Thinking Still Possible This

Decade, Repeat of WWII. " Hawaii Herald , June 12, 1969, p. 6.
HH-JARCL

Editorial in support of the repeal of Title II of the

Internal Security Act.

28
BIBLIOGRAPHY 123-128

123. Dole, Sanford B. "President’s File. 1893-1900. " AH

Papers of Sanford B. Dole, President of the Republic of

Hawaii, with some reference to Japanese. [M 400]

124. "Don. " "Consul Gunji Is Answered. " Hawaii 1(1940):9. UHH

An anonymous young American of Japanese ancestry refutes an

affirmation of the loyalty to Japan of Americans of Japanese
ancestry in Hawaii made by Consul General Gunji Kiichi in
Japan. [M 680]

125. Donaldson, Richard. "They Want to be American Citizens. "

Paradise of the Pacific 52 (1940):9-10. UHH

An article calling for urgent expatriation of Americans of

Japanese ancestry in light of a recent Japanese report to
the effect that Japan might requisition 300, 000 Japanese
residents of the U. S. for military and civilian duties in
the Japanese Empire. [M 681]

126. Dranga, Jane. "Racial Factors in the Employment of Women. "

Social Process in Hawaii 2(1936): 11-14. UHH

A study of the factor of race in the employment of women

for domestic services, laundries, bakeries, hotels, restau­
rants, and retailers; employers' preferences of certain
races are indicated. [M 817]

127. Du Puy, William Atherton. Hawaii and Its Race Problem.

Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1932. 131 pp. UHH

A firsthand account, by the executive assistant to the U. S.

Secretary of the Interior, of Hawaii and its peoples, with
a section on the Japanese (pp. 107-112), touching on their
general character. [M 762]

128. Edwards, Webley. "Japs or Japanese. " Hawaii 3(1942):4. UHH

Comment on the terms "Japs" to indicate the Japanese of

Japan and "Japanese" to designate the Japanese in Hawaii
during the war. [M 682]

29
129-132 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

129. Embree, John Fee. "New Local and Kin Groups Among the Japanese
Farmers of Kona, Hawaii. " American Anthropologist 41(1939):
400-407. UHH-UHL

A study of the reorganization of traditional kin groups and

functions of the kin substitutes, the buraku and kum i ,
among the Japanese farmers in Kona District. [M 561]

130. . Acculturation Among the Japanese of Kona,

Hawaii. Menasha, Wisconsin, 1941. 162 pp. [Supplement to
American Anthropologist 43, Part 2(1941)] UHH-UHL

A fine description and analysis of the Japanese coffee-

farming community and the nature and degree of its accul­
turation, with emphasis on changes in social organization
and the network of social relations transplanted from
Japan. [M 449]

131. Engebretson, Darold Edward. "Crosscultural Variations in

Territoriality: A Baseline Determination of Interactional
Distance Between Shared Culture Dyads. " Ph. D. dissertation
[Educational Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1969. 126 pp.
UHH

Investigation of interaction distance as differentiated

crossculturally. One hundred fifty-five native Japanese
(NJ), Hawaii Japanese (HJ) and American Caucasians (C) were
tested for distance along four variables: (a) "conversa
tional content, " (b) "relationship, " (c) "culture, " and (d)
"sex. " "Relationship" and "culture" were seen as signifi­
cant determinants of interaction distance, but conversa­
tional content and sex were not. Less interaction distance
was exhibited by HJ and C than by NJ, but no significant
differences in distance were found between HJ and C.

132. Enright, John B . , and Walter R. Jaeckle. "Ethnic Differences

in Psychopathology. " Social Process in Hawaii 25(1961-1962):
71-77. UHH

A comparative study of mental disorders among Japanese and

Filipinos, to determine racial and cultural influences in
psychopathology. [M 562]

30
BIBLIOGRAPHY 133-137

133. Enright, John B., and Walter R. Jaeckle. "Psychiatric Symptoms

and Diagnosis in Two Subcultures. " International Journal of
Social Psychiatry 10(1963):12-17. UHL

Compares the actual presenting symptoms of all male Japanese

and Filipino first admissions to Hawaii State Hospital from
1954 to 1960, who were diagnosed Schizophrenic Reaction,
Paranoid Type. Although classified as psychiatrically
identical by the American Psychiatric Association system,
significant differences were found between the two groups.
The Japanese were more restrained and inhibited with a
greater tendency toward autoplastic behavior. [R 117]

134. Eubank, Lauriel E. "The Effects of the First Six Months of

World War II on the Attitudes of Koreans and Filipinos Toward
the Japanese in Hawaii. " Master’s thesis [Sociology],
University of Hawaii, 1943. 190 pp. UHH

An informal, exploratory report on the effects of the war on

Korean and Filipino attitudes towards the Japanese and an
analysis of these effects on the established processes and
relationships. Mainly based on reports of the Morale
Section of the Office of Civilian Defense, interviews, and
newspaper articles. [M 450]

135. Ewa Plantation Company. "Labor Statistics (Letters,

Statistics, and Reports). " File Folder L-10, August 29, 1919-.
Ewa Plantation Company

Papers pertaining to employee statistics. [M 765]

136. . "Labor Matters, Labor Troubles, Labor Meetings

_

(General)." File Folder L-13, May 1926-August 1933.

Ewa Plantation Company

Papers pertaining to labor recruitment, working and health

conditions, wages, labor disturbances, and company meetings.
[M 764]

137. . "Census [of Employees]. " File Folder. 1947-.

_

Ewa Plantation Company

31
138-142 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

Annual census sheets, showing the number of employees by

age, race, and sex. [M 763]

138. Falk, Edwin Albert. From Perry to Pearl Harbor:TheStruggle

for Supremacy in the Pacific. Garden City, New York:
Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1943. 362 pp. UHH-UHL

An account of American-Japanese naval contacts prior to the

war, with observations on American-Japanese relations with
respect to Hawaii and its Japanese population. [M 766]

139. Federation of Japanese Labor in Hawaii. Controversy between

Japanese Labor and Sugar Planters of Hawaii. Honolulu, 1920.
9 pp. Microfilm. UHH

A statement by the Japanese labor organization directed to

the people of Hawaii and the Hawaiian Sugar Planters'
Association, listing its demands and reasons therefor. The
organization led the Oahu sugar strike of January-June 1920,
during which it was renamed the Hawaii Laborers'
Association. See entry 225. [M 451]

140. . The Voice of Labor in Hawaii. Honolulu, 1920.

6 pp. AH-UHL

The organization’s statement on its demands and objectives.

[M 452]

141. Fenz, Walter David. "Comparative Need Patterns of Five

Ancestry Groups. " Master's thesis [Psychology], University of
Hawaii, 1962. 90 pp. UHH

The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was administered to

1015 public high school students. Results are computed by
sex and ethnic group (Chinese, Caucasian, Hawaiian, Filipino
and Japanese) and are also analyzed by generation for the
Japanese group. [R 123]

142. , and Abe Arkoff. "Comparative Need Patterns of

Five Ancestry Groups in Hawaii. " Journal of Social Psychology
58(1962): 67-89. UHL

32
BIBLIOGRAPHY 143-145

A comparative study of personality patterns of Caucasians,

Chinese, Filipinos, Hawaiians (and part-Hawaiians), and
Japanese, using such variables as dominance, deference,
aggression, abasement, nurturance, succorance, affiliation,
autonomy, and endurance. A concentrated discussion on the
Japanese group on pp. 84-88. Reports findings of Fenz’s
Master's thesis. See entry 141. [M 818]

143. Finney, Joseph C. "Psychiatry and Multiculturality in Hawaii. "

International Journal of Social Psychiatry 9(1963):5-ll. UHL

Test, using a small sample of mental patients in Hawaii, of

the hypotheses that there are real ethnic differences in
personality and in the incidence of psychoneuroses among
Hawaii's population, and that popular stereotypes have some
validity in describing those personality differences. The
evidence points to the existence of such ethnic differences
in personality and psychoneurotic incidence and to their
general correlation with popular stereotypes. [M 819]

144. _____________. "Intercultural Differences in Personality. " In

Culture Change, Mental Health and Poverty, edited by Joseph C.
Finney, pp. 234-274. Lexington: University of Kentucky
Press, 1969. UHL

Presentation of a general theory of personality with empha­

sis on defense servomechanisms, notably reaction-formation
and repression. A comparison of several ethnic groups in
Hawaii, demonstrating the relevance of culture to personal­
ity theory, especially with respect to the use of various
defense mechanisms. The Japanese, Chinese,and Koreans were
"high in the use of reaction-formation, " whereas the
Portuguese, Filipinos, and Puerto Ricans were "high in the
use of disassociation. " Hawaiians were not high in the use
of either mechanism and the Caucasians to some extent, were
high in both. Use of reaction-formation as a defense
mechanism is seen as positively correlated with ease of
acculturation and degree of economic success.

145. "Four Original Settlers for Big Island. " Honolulu Advertiser,
June 14, 1968, p. A-10. UHL-JARCL
146-148 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

Article on Tokujiro Sato, Matsugoro Igarashi, Matsugoro

Kuwada, and Kakujiro Mitsuhashi, four of the 148 original
Japanese immigrants to the islands who settled in Hawaii.

146. Froehlich, J. W. "Migration and Plasticity of Physique in the

Japanese-Americans of Hawaii. " American Journal of Physical
Anthropology 32(1970): 429-442. UHL

A study of anthropometic increases among issei, nisei and

sansei Japanese-Americans in Hawaii. "These changes are
correlated with stature and appear to reflect a general
increase in body size." The growth trend was examined for
males and females. The growth trend for the former was
more rapid and terminated after one American-born genera­
tion, suggesting that a maximization of hereditary growth
potential may have been reached, while the growth trend for
the latter was more gradual and extended into the third
generation. "Ethnographic factors of cultural conservatism
of women and male dominance in the Japanese family are
discussed in connection with this sex difference. "

147. Fromme, Donald K. "Ethnocultural Differences in Aggression. "

Mimeographed. Hawaii State Hospital, Kaneohe, Hawaii, 1964.

A group form of the Thematic Apperception Test was adminis­

tered to thirty-six female subjects representing Japanese,
Japanese-Americans and Caucasian-Americans. "It was con­
cluded that the Japanese woman's life situation is more
frustrating than the Caucasian-American's , as reflected by
more aggressive TAT stories. As a function of various
child-rearing practices, it was concluded that Japanese
women have more anxiety associated with aggressive impulses
than Caucasian-Americans and thus may not show as much
overt aggression. No differences were found between
Japanese-American and Caucasian-American women. " [R 139]

148. Fruto, Ligaya. "Sake, Sashimi and Social Security. " Honolulu
Star-Bulletin, January 19, 1968, p. B-l. UHL-JARCL

Focuses on the longevity of Toyohiko Manabe and his receipt

of increased Social Security benefits which President
Johnson signed into law.

34
BIBLIOGRAPHY 149-153

149. Fruto, Ligaya. "Japanese Arrived 100 Years Ago. " Honolulu
Star-Bulletin, January 25, 1968, p. A-9. UHL-JARCL

Charles W. Kenn, grandson of one of the "Gunnen [sic] Mono, "

Fukumura Toyokichi, writes of his grandfather’s experiences
in Hawaii.

150. Fuchs, Lawrence H. Hawaii Pono: A Social History. New York:

Harcourt, Brace and World, 1961. 501 pp. UHH-UHL-JARCL

An incisive interpretive history of modern Hawaii from

annexation to 1960, focusing on immigrant acculturation,
political control, and social change. Chapter on the
Japanese ("Pride and Place"), pp. 106-137, and scattered
references throughout. [M 768]

151. Gallimore, Ronald. "Variations in the Motivational Antecedents

of Achievement among Hawaii’s Ethnic Groups. " Paper presented
at the Conference on Culture and Mental Health in Asia and the
Pacific, Honolulu, March 17-21, 1969. UHH

Urban Hawaiian and rural Japanese, Filipino, Caucasian,

Negro and Hawaiian high school students were compared
cross-culturally and cross-racially for fantasy n
achievement through a Mingione picture set with the follow­
ing results: (1) Hawaiians score consistently low in
fantasy n achievement, and (2) among Hawaiians and
Filipinos, affiliative motivation was more significant than
achievement motivation.

152. Gealy, Fred D. "Pattern for Tolerance: The Japanese in

Hawaii. " Southwest Review 32(1947): 203-207. UHL

A review article on Japanese people in Hawaii during the

war, using A. W. Lind’s Hawaii's Japanese. See entry 410.
[M 563]

153. Gima, Shirley. "Ethnic Factors in the Nursing Care of

Japanese Patients. " Hawaii Medical Journal and Inter-Island
Nurses Bulletin 12(1953):391-393. UHH

Describes some cultural patterns governing the behavior of

Japanese medical patients and their families in Hawaii.
[R 152]

35
154-158 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

154. Glenn, Jana. "A Study of the Incomes and the Money Value of
Living of Forty-four Japanese Families in Hawaii. " Master's
thesis [Home Economics and Household Administration],
University of Chicago, 1938. 62 pp. UHH

A study of the income and consumption habits of thirty-six

Honolulu and eight rural (Big Island) Japanese families to
determine the representative pattern of Japanese family
living in Hawaii. [M 453]

155. Glick, Clarence E. "A Haole's Changing Conceptions of Japanese

in Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 14(1950): 1-10. UHH

A hypothetical approach, with the use of a social typology,

to the understanding of a Mainland Haole's changing images
of Japanese in Hawaii through a long process of association
with them. [M 564]

156. _____________, Alice T. Higa, Irene S. Nose, and Judith M.

Shibuya. "Changing Attitudes Toward the Care of Aged Japanese
Parents in Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 22(1958):9-20. UHH

Interviews with twenty-four nisei Japanese eldest sons

indicate an adherence to traditional obligations in caring
for their aged parents; however, few expect this practice
will be continued by the third generation in Hawaii. [M 565;
R 160]

157. _____________, and Students. "Changing Ideas of Success and of

Roads to Success as Seen by Immigrant and Local Chinese and
Japanese Businessmen in Honolulu. " Social Process in Hawaii
15(1951):56-70. UHH

An observation of differential attitudes toward the attain­

ment of success, or more specifically to the accumulation of
wealth, between immigrant Japanese and Chinese businessmen
and local-born Japanese and Chinese businessmen. [M 566]

158. Glick, Doris Lorden. "Problems of Culture in Social Work in

Hawaii. " Social Process inHawaii 3(1937): 8-15. UHH

36
BIBLIOGRAPHY 159-161

Stresses the need for an understanding of cultural prac­

tices that affect social case work. Attention given to
attitudes toward adoption among Hawaiians and Chinese and to
the Japanese fear of tuberculosis. [R 163]

159. Goldscheider, Calvin, and Peter R. Uhlenberg. "Minority Group

Status and Fertility. " American Journal o f Sociology 74(1969):
361-372. UHL

"Empirical evidence. . . on the fertility of American

minority groups. . . available through census data and
special sample surveys. . . does not fully support the
’characteristics' explanation of Negro, Jewish, Japanese-
American, or Catholic fertility. An alternate hypothesis
. . . that the fertility of minority and majority popula­
tions is indistinguishable when social, demographic, and
economic characteristics are ’controlled’. . . is pre­
sented with respect to the independent effect of minority
group status on fertility. Some parameters of the interre­
lationship of minority group status and fertility were
discussed. The lower Japanese-American fertility in these
areas (of lower Japanese concentration and regions outside
of the West) and in urban areas in general, parallels the
findings. . . among Jews and segments of the Negro popula­
tion and contradicts the argument that fertility levels
converge as acculturation proceeds. "

160. Goo, Sau Moi Wong, Robert Y. Masuda, Genevieve Obara Moriguchi,
Mamoru Yamaguchi, and Esther Soon Young. "A Study of the
Socio-Cultural Characteristics of Patients Known to the Mental
Health Clinic, Bureau of Clinical Service, Division of Mental
Health, Honolulu County, 1957. " Master's thesis [Social Work],
University of Hawaii, 1958. 273 pp. UHH

Presents data on family backgrounds and personal character­

istics of 235 patients. Chapters devoted to the Hawaiians,
the Caucasians, the Japanese and the mixed races. [R 164]

161. Goodale, W. W. "Brief History of Hawaiian Unskilled Labor. "

In Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1914, pp. 170-191.
Honolulu: Thomas G. Thrum, 1913. UHH

A brief review of the history of unskilled labor, mainly

plantation labor in Hawaii, with a few references to
Japanese immigrant laborers. [M 820]

37
162-166 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

162. Goto, Yasuo Baron. "Samurai Who Came in 1868 Likes Islands;
Sentaro Ishii Refuses Trips to Japan; Over 100 but Enjoys
Life. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, February 19, 1935, p. 10. UHL

An account of an interview with one of the original

Japanese immigrants of 1868 living in Kipahulu, Maui. [M 683]

163. ____________ . Children o f Gan-Nen-Mono: The First-Year Men.

Honolulu: The Bishop Museum Press, 1968. 16 pp. UHH-UHL

Pamphlet published in connection with the observation of the

centennial celebration of Japanese immigration to Hawaii,
1868-1968. Contains photographs of the thirteen living
children of the Gannen-mono and lists the names of their
fathers and mothers.

164. _____________. "Goto: The Other Side of the Canefield. "

Sunday Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-10.
UHL-JARCL

The Vice Chancellor of the East-West Center writes of his

lifestyle as he grew up in Hawaii.

165. Gotshalk, Henry C . , and John Bell. "Coronary Thrombosis in the

Territory of Hawaii. " Hawaii Medical Journal 9(1949):24-26. UHH

A statistical evaluation of 120 cases of myocardial infarc­

tion admitted to a private hospital between 1943 and 1948.
Puerto Ricans and Hawaiians are found to sustain myocardial
infarction most frequently while Japanese and Filipinos are
least likely to be affected. [R 166]

166. Griffiths, Arthur Floyd. "More Race Questions. " Paper pre­
sented at Social Science Association Meeting, Honolulu, 1915.
11 p p . UHH

Touches mainly on the "Japanese problem. " Discusses the

reasons for the success so far attained in the assimilation
of Japanese and other races in Hawaii and problems remaining
in this area. [M 567]

38
BIBLIOGRAPHY 167-172

167. "Growing Menace of Japanese Kahunaism. " Hawaii Shinpo,

November 8, 1908, p. 1. AH

An editorial warning about professional Japanese faith

healers (kahunas), who become Japanese labor agitators
during tense labor situations on Hawaii's plantations.
[M 684]

168. Gulick, Sidney L. Hawaii's American-Japanese Problem: A

Description of the Conditions, a Statement of the Problems and
Suggestions for their Solution. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-
Bulletin, 1915. 42 pp. UHL

Personal views on American-Japanese relations and sugges­

tions for removing the causes of friction between the two
peoples. The author addresses his statement to both peo­
ples. [M 454]

169. ____________ . "The Japanese in Hawaii. " Mid-Pacific Magazine

10(1915):293-295. UHH

A brief comment on the character and Americanism of

Hawaii's Japanese population. [M 685]

170. . "[Proposals as to What the Plantations Must Do

for Japanese]. " 1915. 2 pp. Carbon copy of typescript. HSPA

Suggestions for improvements in housing, social and cul­

tural programs, and other environmental conditions for the
benefit of Japanese laborers on Hawaii's sugar plantations.
[M 686]

171. _____________ . American Democracy and Asiatic Citizenship.

New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1918. 257 pp. UHL

A general discussion of socio-political problems involving

Oriental residents of the Mainland and Hawaii. The section
on Hawaii ("Situation in the Hawaiian Islands"), pp. 220-
251, has scattered references to Hawaii's Japanese people.
[M 769]

172. Gushiken, Chiyo. "Wedding Ceremonies: 1938-1945. " Social

Process in Hawaii 12(1948):8-ll. UHH

39
173-176 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

Comments on changing wedding customs among Okinawans in

Hawaii as observed by the author in 1938 and 1945. [M 568;
R 180]

173. Hammond, Ormond Willson. "Time Perspective and Japanese-

American Acculturation, " Master's thesis [Psychology],
University of Hawaii, 1967. 32 pp. UHH

Comparison of the cultural aspects of temporal orientation

among thirty Japanese-Americans representing the first,
second and third generations, and ten Caucasian-Americans.
[R 183]

174. Hanaoka, Yoichi. "The Japanese Language School: Is It a Help

or a Hindrance to the Americanization of Hawaii's Young
People? " The Friend 97(1927): 79-80. UHH

Personal views on Japanese language schools as a vital part

of the social and educational structure of Hawaii's commu­
nity and as an important mechanism for training youths to
become good American citizens. [M 687]

175. Handley, Katherine Newkirk. Four Case Studies in Hawaii:

Intercultural Problems and the Practice of Social Work.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1957. 2nd ed. 1961.
65 pp. UHH

Case studies of four major cultural groups in Hawaii

(Hawaiians, Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans) for the profes­
sional benefit of social workers. The Japanese case study,
pp. 20-33, deals with Japanese cultural values and their
conflict with American values. Summary of all of the
studies, pp. 58-62. [M 770]

176. Harada, Koichi Glenn. "A Survey of the Japanese Language

Schools in Hawaii. " Master's thesis [Education], University
of Hawaii, 1934. 165 pp. UHH

A brief history of Japanese immigration and Japanese lan­

guage schools, a description of the types of these schools;
a discussion of language school legislation and litigation;
and a review of current operation of the schools and their
future prospects. [M 445]

40
BIBLIOGRAPHY 177-181

177. Harada, Margaret N. The Sun Shines on the Immigrant. New

York: Vantage Press, 1960, 256 pp. UHH-JARCL

A biographical novel based on the personal experiences of

the author, a history teacher at Waipahu High School.
[M 456]

178. Harada, Tasuku. "The Social Status of the Japanese in Hawaii:

Some of the Problems Confronting the Second Generation. "
Preliminary paper prepared for the 2nd General Session of the
Institute of Pacific Relations, Honolulu, July 15-29, 1927.
13 pp. UHH-UHL

A review of the problems of education, assimilation, moral

and ethical attitudes, and political participation of
Americans of Japanese ancestry. [M 569]

179. . "Social and Political Status of Japanese in

These Islands. " Honolulu Advertiser, 75th Anniversary edi­
tion, July 2, 1931, p. 22. UHL

A comment on the social and political conditions of the

Japanese in Hawaii, [M 688]

180. Haraguchi, Ben I. "The Social Organization of Japanese-

American Schizophrenic Families. " Typescript. Sociology
Department, University of Hawaii, 1966. UH Soc. Dept.

Case histories of fifty-one Japanese-American schizophrenics

at Hawaii State Hospital were analyzed for cultural factors
influencing socialization. The general thesis is that role
expectations engendered in Japanese families will prove
dysfunctional (and prone to produce schizoid and schizo­
phrenic offspring) when enmeshed in a Western cultural
setting. [R 189]

181. Harlocker, Nancy. "Start 1968 With Tradition. " Honolulu

Advertiser, January 1, 1968, p. C-l. UHL-JARCL

New Year’s significance and customs as observed by the

friends and families of Dr. and Mrs. Kyuro Okazaki, Mr. and
Mrs. Edward Yamasaki, Dr. and Mrs. Albert Ishii, and others.

41
182-185 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

182. Harrigan, John E. "A Study of the Relation Between Indignation

Against Bigotry and Extrapunitiveness." Master's thesis
[Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1957. 124 pp. UHH

Hypothesizes "that in the Hawaiian culture complex, indigna­

tion, an overt expression of hostility toward national-
racial bigotry, is a social norm and not necessarily
characteristic of an extrapunitive or militant personality. "
Tests were administered to nineteen Mainland Caucasians,
nineteen Japanese-Americans and nine Chinese-Americans.
[R 190]

183. ____________ , Arthur A. Dole, and W. Edgar Vinacke. "A Study

of Indignation-Bigotry and Extrapunitiveness in Hawaii. "
Journal of Social Psychology 55(1961):105-112. UHL

Reports the findings of Harrigan's Master's thesis. Indig­

nation was negatively correlated with extrapunitiveness for
the Japanese-Americans and with social distance for the
Caucasian group. "The Japanese and Chinese made signifi­
cantly fewer statements rated as bigoted and were more
willing to accept members of other ethnic ancestries.
However, they did not differ significantly from the
Caucasians in extrapunitiveness. " [R 191]

184. Harris, Arthur. "Reading Ability of Maui High School

Students. " Master's thesis [Education], University of Hawaii,
1935. 103 pp. UHH

Compares reading ability of some students in Maui with

Mainland students of the same age groups. Considers the
influence on reading ability of Japanese language school
training and language spoken in the home. [R 192]

185. Harris Memorial Church. Harris Memorial C h u r c h ,

Our Heritage:
the 75 years (1888-1963). Honolulu, 1963. 26 pp.
Harris Memorial Church

The 75th anniversary publication of the oldest Japanese

church in Hawaii, giving a brief history of the institution,
with biographical sketches of its successive resident minis­
ters, and a description of the current church membership and
programs. [M 457]

42
BIBLIOGRAPHY 186-191

186. Hasegawa, Charles. "The Hongwanji Buddhist Minister in

Hawaii: A Study of an Occupation. " Social Process in Hawaii
26(1963): 73-79. UHH

A study of the occupational role of the Honpa Hongwanji

minister and aspects of the ministers’ daily lives. [M 570;
R 194]

187. Hashimoto, Manzuichi. "Honolulu Japanese Chamber of

Commerce. " Pan-Pacific Magazine 1(1937): 36-40. UHH

A brief history of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce in

Honolulu, by its president. [M 689]

188. Hatch, Francis M. "Memorandum as to Relations between Hawaii

and Japan. " Undated MS, probably written by Foreign Minister
Francis M. Hatch in 1897. Francis M. Hatch papers. 3 pp. AH

A commentary on the history of Hawaiian-Japanese relations.

[M 396]

189. . "The Constitutional Convention in 1894. " In

Annual Report of the Hawaii Historical Society, pp. 50-61.
Honolulu, 1915. Hawaii County Library-UHH

A study of Hawaiian-Japanese relations after the

Constitutional Convention of 1894 which ended in denying
franchise for the Japanese residents of Hawaii. The study
is based on archival materials. [M 458]

190. Hawaii County Library. "Newspaper Clippings on Dual

Citizenship and Expatriation. " File Folder. Hawaii County
Library, Hilo, Hawaii, 1940. Hawaii County Library

Clippings from local and Mainland newspapers pertaining to

issues of dual citizenship and expatriation mainly about
the Japanese in Hawaii. [M 690]

191. Hawaii Economic Study Club. "Records of the Hawaii Economic

Study Club. " Mimeographed. Honolulu, 1956-1957.
Harry S . Tomita

43
192-196 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

Records of the meetings and activities of the Hawaii

Economic Study Club in Honolulu. [M 459]

HAWAII, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS

192. Board of Immigration Record Book. 1879-1899. AH

Minutes of the Board of Immigration meetings in the days of

the Kingdom, Provisional Government, and Republic of Hawaii,
containing references to Japanese immigration among other
matters of general immigration and labor. See entry 204,
section c. [M 380]

193. Cabinet Council Minute Book. 1868-1893. AH

Minutes of the Cabinet Council of the Kingdom of Hawaii,

with occasional references to Japanese immigration. [M 381]

194. Certificate of Registration; National Register of the Republic

of Hawaii: Japanese. Nos. 1001-2750, May-June 1896. 3 vols. AH

A comprehensive register of alien Japanese residents in

Hawaii, indicating address, age, and sex. [M 382]

195. Consuls and Royal Commissions Letter Books. 1852-1900. AH

Correspondence issued and received by the Consuls Commission

and Royal Commission of the Kingdom of Hawaii, with occa­
sional references to the Japanese. [M 383]

196. Distribution and Cost of Japanese Immigrants, Miike Maru. Lots

23, 24, 25, 26, March 6, June 19, and October 23, 1893; and
June 24, 1894. 40, 40, 36, 26 pp. AH

Lists of Japanese immigrant laborers as assigned to various

sugar plantations, with an itemization of expenses borne by
the Hawaiian government in bringing the contract workers
aboard the Miike Maru. [M 384]

44
BIBLIOGRAPHY 197-200

HAWAII, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS (con't)

197. Distribution and Cost of Japanese Immigrants, Yamashiro Maru.

Lots 20, 21, 22; January 9, June 21, and November 29, 1892.
118 p p . AH

Lists similar to entry 196 for immigrants aboard the

Yamashiro Maru. [M 385]

198. Examination of Rejected Japanese Immigrants. Kinai Maru , April

10, 11, 12, 1897. AH

A record of the examination of 668 Japanese free immigrants

aboard the Kinai Maru who did not possess the amount of
money required for landing and thus were refused entry at
Honolulu. [M 386]

199. Examination of Rejected Japanese Immigrants, Shinshiu Maru.

March 17, 18, 22, 1897. AH

A record similar to entry 198 concerning 254 Japanese aboard

the Shinshiu Maru. [M 387]

200. Executive File. Documents of the Executive Council of the

Territory of Hawaii, containing the following: AH

a. Population statistics of Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese,

and Filipinos, and other nationalists, by island.
1852-1929.

b. Correspondence between the Governor of Hawaii and the

U. S. Secretary of State, regarding the restrictions
placed by the Japanese government on Japanese immigra­
tion to Hawaii. February-April 1907.

c. Private and confidential correspondence between the

Governor of Hawaii and the U. S. Secretary of Interior,
regarding the increase of Japanese population in Hawaii.
July 1914.

d. Correspondence between the Governor of Hawaii and the

U. S. Secretary of Interior, concerning the expressed
desire of several Japanese businessmen to purchase or
lease the island of Lanai for pineapple growing.
December 1915.

45
201-203 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

HAWAII, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS (con’t)

e. Correspondence and documents of the Governor of Hawaii

and other officials, regarding such matters as Japanese
attempts to secure citizenship rights, "Japanese domi­
nance, " Japanese lawlessness, and Japanese language
schools. July 1916.

f. List of sugar planting agreements made between Japanese

planters and several homesteaders in Hilo, Hawaii.
October 1916. [M 388]

201. Foreign Office and Executive File. AH

A very valuable manuscript collection of records of the

monarchy, provisional government, and republic periods in
Hawaii, in which documents on the Japanese, dating 1860-
1900, are arranged under the following folio titles:

Board of Health Chamberlains

Charge d ’affaires Circulars to Foreign Officials in
Collector General Hawaii
Envoys Consuls and Consuls General
Kings, Queens Executive and Advisory Councils
Local Officials Japanese Commissioners and Consuls
Ministers Miscellaneous Foreign
Presidents U. S. Ministers and Consuls
Immigration, Japanese Agents. [M 389]

202. Foreign Office and Executive Treaty Documents File. AH

Contains, among others, the Hawaiian-Japanese Treaty of 1871

and Convention of 1886, with other pertinent documents.
1866-1889. [M 390]

203. Foreign Office Letter Books. AH

Contents pertinent to the Japanese:

a. Correspondence between Hawaiian Foreign Office and

Japanese Foreign Ministry and Consulate in Honolulu.
1869-1899.

46
BIBLIOGRAPHY 204-205

HAWAII, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS (con't)

b. Diplomatic and Miscellaneous, Japan, 1873-1900.

533 pp.

c. Private Letter Book of the Minister of Foreign Affairs,

1887-1898.

d. Special Missions [to Japan], 1877-1900. 25, 333 pp.

[M 391]

204. Interior Department [Immigration] File. AH

Contents pertinent to the Japanese:

a. Japanese contracts, 1868-1900. Boxes 51-53.

b. Lists of Japanese immigrants. February 8, 1885 (Tokyo

Maru), November 30, 1896 (Sakura Maru), and February 27,
1897 (Shinshiu Maru) .

c. Minutes of the Board of Immigration, 1865-1882. Box 50.

2 vols. (Supplements the records in entry 192. )

d. Passport Applications [by Japanese returning to Japan],

1886-1899. Boxes 48-49.

e. Robert W. Irwin [Special Agent of the Board of

Immigration], Correspondence, 1884-1897. Box 55.

f. Wage Statements, Sundries; Japanese and Japan, 1887.

Box 54. [M 392]

205. Interior Department Letter Books. AH

Contains the following, with references made to the Japanese

passim:

a. Board of Immigration Letter Books, 1888-1889, 1891-1893,

1897-1900.

b. Interior Department, Inspector of Immigrants, 1899.

47
206-210 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

HAWAII, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS (con’t)

c. Interior Department Letter Books, 1868-1898 (excluding

Board of Immigration documents). [M 393]

206. Japanese Documents File. AH

Correspondence, reports, and records on miscellaneous mat­

ters pertaining to Japanese immigrants. 1860-1900. [M 394]

207. Japanese Passenger Manifests. AH

Official records of the arrival and departure of Japanese

immigrants, 1868-1900. They list the names of Japanese
immigrants in 173 separate voyages, from the first arrival
on June 19, 1868 to June 12, 1900. Manifests for February 9,
1885 (Tokyo Maru ), June 7, 1885 (Yamashiro Maru) , July 6,
1885 (Yamashiro Maru), February 14, 1886 (The City of
Peking), December 11, 1887 (Wakanoura Maru), February 27,
1897 (Shinshiu Maru), April 9, 1897 (Kinai Maru), and
October 24, 1899 {The China) are not included. For June 19,
1868 {The Scioto) and February 28, 1896 {The China), only
the numbers of the immigrants, not their names, are given.
Total number of passengers on the manifests filed: 55,348
males, 12, 253 females, and 313 children. [M 395]

208. Minutes of the Council of State. 1894-1900. AH

Minutes of the Council of State of the Republic of Hawaii,

with occasional references to the Japanese. [M 397]

209. Minutes of the Executive and Advisory Councils. 1893-1900. AH

Minutes of the Executive and Advisory Councils of the

Provisional Government and Republic of Hawaii, with occa­
sional references to Japanese immigrants. [M 398]

210. Minutes of the Executive Council. 1894-1900. AH

Minutes of the Executive Council of the Republic of Hawaii,

with occasional references to Japanese immigrants. [M 399]

48
BIBLIOGRAPHY 211-215

HAWAII, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

PUBLISHED MATERIALS

211. Board of Health. Report of the Board of Health. 81 vols.

1874-1966. AH-UHH

Biennial (1874-1899) and annual (1901-1966) reports of the

Board of Health, giving vital statistics of Hawaii's popula­
tion by race and sex, as well as information on general
health matters. No report exists for 1878-1880, but the
Report of the Board of Immigration for the year 1880 serves
as a substitute, with similar statistics and information.
These reports are an authoritative source of vital statis­
tics on the Japanese. [M 402]

212. Board of Immigration [Board of Immigration, Labor and

Statistics, after 1911]. Report of the Board of Immigration to
the Governor o f the Territory of Hawaii. 8 vols. 1907-1916.
AH-UHH

A new series of reports of the Board of Immigration, under

the territorial government, with similar statistics on
immigration. [M 404]

213. . Report of the President of the Board of

Immigration. 12 vols. 1880-1898. AH-UHH

Biennial reports of the Board of Immigration of the Kingdom

and Republic of Hawaii, with varying titles, giving statis­
tics on immigrants and emigrants, classified by race and
sex. [M 403]

214. Bureau of Customs. Report of the Collec tor General of Customs.

(1860-1900) 1888-1900. AH-UHH

Reports issued annually (with some gaps). Beginning with

the 1888 report, statistics on Hawaiian imports from and
exports to Japan are given, as well as data on arriving and
departing Japanese nationals. [M 405]

215. Bureau of Vital Statistics. Report of the Registrar General.

1912-1940. AH-UHH

49
216-219 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

HAWAII, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

PUBLISHED MATERIALS (con't)

Annual reports on vital statistics; can be used as supple­

ments to the reports of the Board of Health for comparative
vital statistics by race. See entry 211. No reports for
1929-1939. [M 407]

216. Bureau of Vital Statistics. Estimated Civilian Population.

(1935-1965) 1935-1953. Mimeographed. AH-UHH

Annual (1935-1948) and semi-annual (1949 on) reports, esti­

mating the civilian population in Hawaii by geographic area
and by race, including the Japanese. Reports for 1954-1965
show estimated population by geographic area only. [M 406]

217. Department of Foreign Affairs. Report of the Minister of

Foreign Affairs to the Legislative Assembly. (1845-1900)
1884-1900. AH-UHH

Reports on foreign affairs of varying frequency and title;

include references to Japanese, especially in the following:

Report for 1884, pp. 9-10, 14; for 1886, pp. 9-10 and
Appendix G ("Papers Relating to Japanese Immigration"), pp.
cxxxiv-clxx; for 1888, p. 4; for 1890, pp. 3-4, 7-8; for
1892, pp. 14, 36, 37-42 and Appendix B ("Japanese
Immigration"), pp. 85-98; for 1894, pp. 6, 9-10, 19-20; for
1897, pp. 4-16 and Appendix B ("Japanese Immigration"), pp.
5-75 and Appendix C ("[Japanese] Sake"), pp. 76-85. [M 408]

218. General Superintendent of the Census, Hawaii. Census of the

Hawaiian Islands. 1878-1897. 4 vols. AH-UHH

Official censuses of Hawaii’s population, by race and sex,

for the years 1878, 1884, 1890, and 1896. [M 409]

219. Governor. Report of the Governor of the Territory of Hawaii to

the Secretary of the Interior. Washington, 1900-1966. AH-UHH

Annual reports of the Governor of Hawaii with summary infor­

mation and statistics on general conditions in the islands,
including population, imports and exports, passenger

50
BIBLIOGRAPHY 220-223

HAWAII, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

PUBLISHED MATERIALS

movements, contract and day laborers, plantation labor,

illiteracy rate, schools, etc. These reports constitute the
basic single source of statistics on the Japanese in Hawaii.
[M 410]

220. Office of the Military Governor. Morale Section. Emergency

Service Committee. Report of the Emergency Committee.
Honolulu, 1944. 10 pp. UHH-HSPA

Interim report on activities. [M 413]

221 . ____________ . Morale Section. Emergency Service Committee.

The AJA--Their Present and Future. Honolulu, 1945. 23 pp.
Mimeographed. UHH

A pamphlet intended to convince readers of the rightful

place of Americans of Japanese ancestry in Hawaiian and
American society. Comments on the loyal military service of
the AJAs, their assimilation, education, leadership, eco­
nomic position, political roles, etc. The Emergency Service
Committee was a war service organization created on February 8,
1942, to work among the people of Japanese ancestry. [M 411]

222 . ____________ . Morale Section. Emergency Service Committee.

Final Report of the Emergency Service Committee. Honolulu,
1946. 52 pp. UHH

Final report of the Emergency Service Committee, summarizing

the organization’s formation, membership, purposes, opera­
tion and activities, and evaluating the mission completed.
[M 412]

223. Territorial Conference of Morale and Emergency Service

Committees. Report of the Second Territorial Conference
Morale and Emergency Service Committees, Wailuku, Maui,
July 21-23, 1944. Honolulu, 1944. 75 pp. UHH

Report of the proceedings of a joint conference of the two

war service organizations for people of Japanese ancestry.
[M 414]

51
224-227 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

224. "Hawaii's Japanese Problem. " Hawaii Educational Review 32

(1944):236. UHH

A review of the Japanese problem in wartime Hawaii, calling

for Hawaii's tolerance toward the Japanese. [M 691]

225. Hawaii's Laborers' Association. Facts About the Strike on

Sugar Plantations in Hawaii. Honolulu, 1920. 27 pp. UHH

The Association's report on the 1920 Japanese strike, ex­

plaining the laborers' demands, the course of the strike,
the Association's objectives, Rev. Dr. Albert W. Palmer's
suggestion for ending the strike, and the Association's
declaration and resolution. See entry 139. [M 460]

226. "Hawaii's Nichiren Shoshu. " Hawaii Herald, August 21, 1969,
p. 3. HH-JARCL

Article on the Nichiren Shoshu sect in Hawaii— its brief

history, beliefs, and activities.

227. Hawaii State Hospital. "Hawaii State Hospital Psychology

Reports. " Vols. 1-2. 1961-1962. Hawaii State Hospital

Many different subjects are covered in this series of brief

reports on research conducted at the state hospital. Titles
of reports (by volume) are: I (1961) Five year trends in
total admissions to Hawaii State Hospital; Preliminary
information about first admissions to Hawaii State Hospital;
First admissions to Hawaii State Hospital with functional
disorders; Length of hospitalization; Admissions and dis­
charges during 1960; First admission alcoholics at Hawaii
State Hospital; Paranoid schizophrenia: Japanese and
Filipino style; Racial-ethnic background and diagnosis among
first admissions; Cost of hospitalization.
Vol. II (1962) Cohort study of discharges from Hawaii
State Hospital; Cohort study of re-hospitalization in Hawaii
from Hawaii State Hospital; Admissions to Hawaii State
Hospital over fifteen years; Release and retention of pa­
tients admitted to Hawaii State Hospital in 1947; Comparison
of retention rates, 1947 and 1957; Return and re-discharge
rate of 1947 cohort; Second admissions to Hawaii State
Hospital: A description of the sample; Discharge and return
rate of second admissions to Hawaii State Hospital; Conclu­
sions and discussion of Volume II. [R 208]

52
BIBLIOGRAPHY 228-233

228. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. "Labor— Immigration,

1865-1935. " Project File Folder. HSPA

Reports, letters, and clippings from local and Mainland

newspapers and magazines, all bearing on labor conditions in
Hawaii’s sugar industry; some of them make passing reference
to Japanese laborers. [M 773]

229. . Proceedings [of Annual Meetings]. Honolulu,

1905-1965. UHH-HSPA

Minutes of the annual meetings of the Association, contain­

ing occasional mention of Japanese laborers. [M 774]

230. . Annual Report of the President. Honolulu, 1926-

1965. UHH-HSPA

Annual report on the state of the sugar industry, with occa­

sional references to Japanese laborers. [M 771]

231. . Census of Hawaiian Sugar Plantations. Mimeo­

graphed. Honolulu, 1930-1957. 2 vols. UHH-HSPA

Annual census statistics on employees and their families,

classified by racial ancestry, citizenship, civil status,
housing status, and island group. [M 772]

232. Hayashi, Wayne. "Countering Our Pearl Harbor Mentality. "

Hawaii Pono Journal 1(1971): 46—48. UHL

Interpretative treatment of the "reasons for Pearl Harbor,

the hidden facts about the origins and responsibilities of
World War II, and the tragic consequences of [Hawaii’s]
anti-Asian prejudice yesterday, today and in the near fu­
ture. ”

233. Hayashida, Akiyoshi. "Japanese Moral Instruction as a Factor

in the Americanization of Citizens of Japanese Ancestry. "
Master's thesis [Education], University of Hawaii, 1933.
46 pp. UHH

A study of the effects of moral education (shushin) in

Japanese language schools on young Americans of Japanese

53
234-237 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

ancestry. Traits deemed important in Japanese society and

those felt to be important in American society are rated by
teachers at a public school and those at a Japanese language
school in Hawaii, and by students in a multi-ethnic public
school. Correlations are sought between and among the
groups to determine the effects of the moral education of
the Japanese language schools on the students of Japanese
ancestry. [M 468; R 210]

234. Hayes, Robert Warren. "A Phonological Study of the English

Speech of Selected Japanese Speakers in Hawaii. " Master’s
thesis [Linguistics], University of Hawaii, 1958. 243 pp. UHH

An exploratory descriptive study of phonetic characteristics

of the English spoken by people of Japanese language back­
ground, based on materials derived from twelve informants
(four University of Hawaii Hilo Branch students and their
parents). The changing speech patterns in the group are
indicated, and an attempt made to determine the relationship
between the informants' socio-cultural backgrounds and
language levels. [M 469]

235. Heath, Barbara Honeyman, Carl Hopkins, and Carey Miller.

"Physiques of Hawaiian-born Young Men and Women of Japanese
Ancestry, Compared with College Men and Women of the United
States and England. " American Journal of Physical Anthropology
19(1961):173-184. UHH-UHL

A study of the somatotypes of Japanese-American students at

the University of Hawaii compared with those of Caucasian
students on the Mainland and in Great Britain. [M 571]

236. Helton, William. "Research Center Bisects Japanese Hawaii

Ailments. " Honolulu Advertiser, May 31, 1969, p. A-8. UHL-JARCL

Article on the research conducted by Dr. Grant N. Stemmerman

at Kuakini Hospital "to see what aspects of differing na­
tional environments are related to which disease. " Findings
on stomach cancer, brain hemorrhages, cancer of the colon
and rectum, myocardial infarction (heart disease) and breast
cancer are related.

237. Henderson, Ben. "Japan-in-Hawaii; An American Looks at His

Neighbors. " Survey Graphic 31(1942): 328-330. UHL

54
BIBLIOGRAPHY 238-241

Account of an interview with a Japanese Buddhist minister

confined in a detention post on Kauai, mainly on the subject
of Japanese language schools in Hawaii. [M 692]

238. Henderson, C. J. "Labor— An Undercurrent of Hawaiian Social

History. " Social Process in Hawaii 15(1951):44-55. UHH

A description of labor conditions and activities in Hawaii,

written from the viewpoint of management rather than labor.
References to Japanese laborers on pp. 47-52, particularly.
[M 821]

239. Hiegemann, Margaret. "An Exploration of the Relationship

Between Ethnic Background and Variations of Content and
Incidence of Delusions. " B.A. Honors thesis [Anthropology],
University of Hawaii, 1964. 24 pp. UHC

Case studies of Japanese and Filipino paranoid schizophrenics

were compared to test the hypothesis that delusions as
adaptations to stress vary in content and incidence as the
result of cultural variations in stress patterns. Varia­
tions in content and incidence of delusions were clearly
observable between the two ethnic groups studied. [R 215]

240. "Hilo Doctor Warns Japanese of Dangers of Modern Pressures. "

Honolulu Star-Bulletin, January 2, 1969, p. A-6. UHL-JARCL

Article on Dr. Zenko Matayoshi’s receipt of a Ph. D. degree

from Japan’s Tohoku University at the age of 76. His
thesis, entitled "A Statistical Study of Causes of Death
Among the Japanese Residents of the Island of Hawaii, "
involved "detailed study of death certificates of about
6, 700 Big Island issei and nisei. . . from 1950 to 1964,
and comparison with similar public health statistics both
from Japan and the U. S. Mainland. . . . Generally, Dr.
Matayoshi found that Hawaii residents of Japanese descent
occupy a statistical rank about midway between that of the
residents of Japan and of the U. S. Mainland. "

241. Himeno, M. Hilo, and Emma K. Himeno. "Some Characteristics of

American and Japanese Culture. " Social Process in Hawaii 21
(1957):34-41. UHH
242-245 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

Observations of different cultural values affecting the

thinking and attitudes of Americans of Japanese ancestry in
Hawaii. Emphasis is placed on the attitudes toward the role
of the individual in society. [M 572; R 216]

242. Hirata, Lucie Cheng. "Immigrant Integration in a Polyethnic

Society. " Ph. D. dissertation [Sociology], University of Hawaii,
1971. 182 pp. UHH

An investigation of the integration patterns of Chinese,

Filipino, and Japanese immigrant groups in Hawaii vis A vis
three modes of integration in a polyethnic community:
interethnic, extraethnic, and intraethnic integration.
Among the conclusions are: (1) that Japanese and Chinese
exhibit more interethnic and less extraethnic integration
than Filipinos, (2) that outgroup contacts are differen­
tially associated, possibly according to the degree of
ethnic affinity and the degree of similarity in group
status, and (3) that occupational distribution and the
pattern and type of institutional development influence
integration.

243. Hobson, Thomas C. "Japan’s ’Peaceful Invasion. ’" In Hawaiian

Almanac and Annual for 1898, pp. 131-134. Honolulu: Thomas G.
Thrum, 1897. UHH

An article on the increasing Japanese population and possi­

ble domination of Hawaii by the Japanese; advocates closer
relations between Hawaii and the United States in order to
prevent such a possibility. [M 693]

244. Hollinger, Fin. "Should We Have Japanese Language Radio

Programs in Hawaii? " Paradise of thePacific 59(1953): 28-29. UHH

Personal statement by thegeneralmanager of radio station

KPOA, that radio in Hawaii is as much a part of Hawaii as
the Japanese population and that Japanese radio programs are
important for these people. [M 694]

245. Honolulu Council of Social Agencies. A Study of Social

Characteristics of the Aged in Two Oahu Communities: Palama and
Waialua. Honolulu: Honolulu Council of Social Agencies, 1968.
78 pp. UHH

56
BIBLIOGRAPHY 246-250

A study prepared for the State of Hawaii Commission on Aging

(1) to investigate the "nature and characteristics of the
aging population, the environment in which they dwell, the
resources available to them, and the problems which they
face, " and (2) "to develop a research tool which could be
utilized directly by the Commission on Aging and its cooper­
ating agencies in developing effective programs for dealing
with the problems and needs of the aged in. . . Kalihi-
Palama and Waialua-Haleiwa." Ethnic groups represented in
the study are Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Caucasian,
Hawaiian, and part-Hawaiian.

246. "HJCC Was Known as Shonin Doshikai. " Hawaii Herald,

October 23, 1969, p. 6. HH-JARCL

Brief history of the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce,

its origins through 1968. Cites major contributions to
Hawaii.

247. Horikawa, Nancy. "The Transition from Japanese Hospital to

Kuakini Hospital. " Social Process in Hawaii 21(1957): 54—57. UHH

A brief historical account of the present Kuakini Hospital,

with emphasis on its changing cultural orientation. [M 573]

248. Horlings, Albert. "Hawaii's 150, 000 Japanese; Can We Gamble on

Their Loyalty? " The Nation 155(1942): 69-71. UHL

A warning that the large Japanese population might be a

potent source of fifth-column activities and a menace to the
United States; advocates evacuation of all Japanese from
Hawaii. [M 695]

249. . "Still for Evacuation. " 'The Nation

155(1942):140. UHL

A rebuttal of T. H. Ige's article "Hawaii's Loyal Japanese, "

(entry 273) which appeared in the Nation. [M 696]

250. Hormann, Bernhard L. "Notes on the Testing of Sociological

Theory in Hawaii. " Social Forces 24(1945-1946): 171-174. UHL
251-255 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

Discusses racial attitudes toward Negroes and Japanese in

Hawaii during the war years, and cites Hawaii’s uniqueness
as a sociological laboratory. [R 228]

251. Hormann, Bernhard L. The Revival of Japanese Nationalism Since

the Wav. Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory Report No.
8. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1946. 6 pp. UHH

An observation of evangelistic Japanese Buddhist and Shinto

religious movements among issei Japanese in postwar Hawaii.
[M 577]

252. . "Postwar Problems of Issei in Hawaii. " Far

Eastern Survey 15(1946): 277-280. UHL

A survey of Japanese attitudes and behavior in Hawaii after

Japan’s defeat in the war, as manifested in rumors of
Japanese victory, religious movements, and isolation of
issei Japanese. [M 574]

253. . The Revival of Buddhism in Hawaii. Romanzo

Adams Social Research Laboratory Report No. 12. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii, 1947. 7 pp. UHH

Remarks about new trends in Japanese Buddhism in postwar

Hawaii, especially in leadership training and recruitment of
ministers. [M 576]

254. "A Note on Hawaii’s Minorities Within

Minorities. " Social Process in Hawaii 18(1954): 47-56. UHH

A comment on sub-nationality groups, which add to the com­

plexity of Hawaii’s population. Touches on Japanese eta,
pp. 52-56, and Okinawans, p. 47. [M 822]

255. . "The Problem of Religion in Hawaii’s Japanese. "

Social Process in Hawaii 22(1958):5-8. UHH

A study of the extent of religious influence on Japanese

people in postwar Hawaii. The tendency of many young
Japanese-Americans to shift from one religion to another,
often committing themselves to no religion, is interpreted
as a state of "religious social unrest. " [M 575; R 237]

58
BIBLIOGRAPHY 256-261

256. Hotta, Barbara. "Ordeals of First Japanese Immigrants Retold

in Buddhist Publication. " Hawaii Herald, July 10, 1969, p. 8.
HH-JARCL

Summary of George Yamamoto's series of articles, "Origin of

Buddhism in Hawaii, " which appeared in the Pacific Buddhist
Publication.

257. _____________. "Honpa Hongwanji Mission. " Hawaii Herald,

July 24, 1969, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Brief history of the origins of Honpa Hongwanji Mission and

the Mission School which attempts "to mold well integrated
children. . . and is interested in the intellectual, so­
cial, emotional and spiritual welfare of its students. "

258. . "Jodo Shu Mission of Hawaii. " Hawaii Herald,

_

August 7, 1969, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Brief history of the Jodo sect of Buddhism in Hawaii.

259. . "Shingon Shu Started Badly. " Hawaii Herald.

_

August 28, 1969, p. 6. HH-JARCL

Brief article on the Shingon sect in Hawaii, its history,

beliefs, practices, and members.

260. _____________ . "Self-Discipline, Self-Control Emphasized by

Soto Sect. " Hawaii Herald, September 4, 1969, p. 3. HH-JARCL

The history of the Soto sect in Hawaii and its difference

from other sects are delineated.

261. Howard, Stuart Alan. "The Hawaiian Sansei: A Problem in the

Study of Psychological Acculturation. " Master's thesis
[Anthropology], Stanford University, 1957. 130 pp. UHH

A study of the acculturation among third-generation Japanese

in Hawaii, who are usually considered to be fully assimi­
lated. Analyzes personality materials derived from three
sansei girls of Honolulu, relating the value conflicts they
manifested to wider overall conflicts between the Japanese
and American value systems. [M 470]

59
262-267 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

262. "How to Make a Million: Hard Work. " Sunday Star-Bulletin and
Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-13. UHL-JARCL

Article on the life of Matsumoto Kikutaro, ’the first

Japanese millionaire in Hawaii. ’

263. Huber, S. C. "Dual Citizenship. " Paradise of the Pacific 50

(1938):23-24. UHH

A review of Hawaii’s legal handling of Japanese residents

with dual citizenship and a comment on the 1924 Japanese
Expatriation Law, which solved the citizenship problem in
Hawaii, at least legally. [M 697]

264. Hunter, Gene. "History Logs Early Voyagers. " Sunday Star-
Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-16. UHL-JARCL

Article briefly describing the early occasional arrivals of

Japanese to Hawaii prior to 1868.

265. ____________ . "Political Career Felled by War. " Sunday Star-

Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-2. UHL-JARCL

Brief biographical sketch of the political career of Sanji

Abe, the first American of Japanese ancestry elected to
Hawaii’s Territorial Senate.

266. Hunter, Louise Harris. "Buddhism in Hawaii:ItsImpact on a

Yankee Community. " Master’s thesis [History], University of
Hawaii, 1966. 401 pp. UHH

A description of the origin, evolution, and expansion of

Buddhism in Hawaii and a discussion of the reaction of the
Christian community. An attempt to provide insight into
religio-cultural conflicts. Chinese Buddhist activities are
treated, but major emphasis is on the Japanese. [M 471]

267. Buddhism in Hawaii, Its Impact on a Yankee

Community. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1971. 266
pp. UHH

A critical analysis based on the author’s M. A. thesis, of

the "long and bitter conflict" between Japanese Buddhists

60
BIBLIOGRAPHY 268-270

and the Christian community in Hawaii, from the arrival of

the Gannenmono in 1868 through World War II. The author
views the conflict as rooted essentially in religious and
racial intolerance and "willful ignorance of Buddhist
beliefs and values" as well as in East-West politico-
economics. A discussion of the future of Buddhism concludes
the study.

268. Hutchinson, Sandra. "Classroom Discussion as a Function of

Ethnic Group, Sex, and Personality Variables. " B.A. Honors
thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1964. 19 pp. UHC

Personality variables of forty-six Caucasian and seventy-

three nisei Japanese students were measured by the Edwards
Personal Preference Schedule. "An analysis of variance and
t-tests revealed statistically significant differences in
the amount of class responses and in personality variables
between two ethnic groups and between males and females in
each group. " [R 249]

269. _____________, Abe Arkoff, and Herbert B. Weaver. "Ethnic and

Sex Factors in Classroom Responsiveness. " Journal of Social
Psychology 69(1966): 321-325. UHL

Findings of Hutchinson's B.A. Honors thesis are reported.

The Caucasian-Americans were more responsive than the
Japanese-Americans, and males were more responsive than
females; however, there were no significant differences
between the ethnic or sex groups in course achievement,
satisfaction with their own responsiveness, or in their
perceptions of their instructors. [R 250]

270. Hyams, Katherine. "Degree of Acculturation of Oriental

Americans as Indicated by Some Social Behaviors. " Master's
thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1968. 42 pp. UHH

A three-part questionnaire consisting of a social distance

scale, a family relations scale, and a "fact sheet" for
summary biographical information was administered to 122
undergraduates at the University of Hawaii (53 Chinese-
Americans and 69 Japanese-Americans). Results generally
indicate that Chinese and Japanese acculturate differen­
tially and that acculturation progresses differentially with
respect to the sexes.

61
271-275 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

271. Iaukea, Curtis P. "Japanese in Hawaii. " Mid-Pacific Magazine

48(1935):87-88. UHH

Speech on the signing of the Hawaiian-Japanese labor conven­

tion of 1894, delivered before the Pan-Pacific Club of
Honolulu on February 11, 1935, on the occasion of the 50th
anniversary of the arrival of Japanese immigrants in Hawaii.
[M 698]

272. Ichihashi, Yamato. Japanese in the United States: A Critical

Study of the Problems of the Japanese Immigrants and Their
Children. 1932. Reprinted, New York: Arno Press and The New
York Times, 1969. 426 pp. UHH-JARCL

A study of problems of the Japanese in America, with empha­

sis on those on the Mainland. Includes a two chapter dis­
cussion of Japanese immigration to Hawaii and the problems
encountered. [M 775]

273. Ige, T. H. "Hawaii’s Loyal Japanese. " The Nation

155(1942):120. UHL

A rebuttal of Horlings1 articles in The Nation (see entries

248 and 249), emphasizing the loyalty of the Japanese to the
United States. [M 699]

274. Ikeda, Kiyoshi. "Comparative Study of Differential Mental

Illness Among the Okinawan and Naichi Japanese in Hawaii. "
Master’s thesis [Sociology], University of Hawaii, 1955.
119 pp. UHH

A comparative study of the character structure and mental

health of Okinawan and naichi Japanese people in Hawaii.
Case studies of 314 Okinawan- and 789 Japan-born patients at
the state mental hospital were compared in testing three
hypotheses of mental illness differences derived from obser­
vations of child-rearing practices, basic character struc­
tures and degree of psychological adaptability in the
patient's native setting. [M 472; R 254]

275. , Harry V. Ball, and Douglas Yamamura.

"Ethnocultural Factors in Schizophrenia: The Japanese in
Hawaii. " American Journal of Sociology 68(1962):242-248. UHL

62
BIBLIOGRAPHY 276-280

A comparative study of differential risk of schizophrenia

among people of Okinawan and naichi Japanese ancestry in
Hawaii, directing attention to possible links between eth­
nicity and types of personality disturbances. Both groups
have similar in-hospital diagnoses but the Okinawans are
three times higher in risk. [M 578; R 255]

276. Imamura, Yemyo, and Kaudinya Shinkaku, eds. Hawaiian Buddhist

Annual. Vol. 2. Honolulu: Hongwanji Buddhist Mission, 1931.
277 pp. Waipahu Hongwanji Mission

The second issue of an annual published jointly by six

Buddhist sects in Hawaii primarily for the benefit of
Americans of Japanese ancestry. [M 473]

277. Imamura, Yetaku. A Short History of the Hongwanji Buddhist

Mission in Hawaii. Honolulu: Hongwanji Buddhist Mission,
1927. 76 pp. UHH

A descriptive history of Hongwanji mission work in Hawaii.

Text in English and Japanese. [M 474]

278. "In Memoriam: The Rev. Takie Okumura. " The Friend 121(1951):
13. UHH

A brief personal sketch of a Japanese Christian minister and

important Japanese community leader in Hawaii, [M 700]

279. Inamine, Otome, Phyllis Kon, Yan Quai Lau, and Marjorie
Okamoto. "The Effect of War on Inter-Racial Marriage in
Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 9-10(1945):103-109. UHH

Studies the rapid increase of interracial marriage during

the war, its causes and its possible consequences. [R 256]

280. Inouye, Daniel K. "Marvel of Human Spirit. " Sunday Star-

Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-12. UHL-JARCL

Article written on the commemoration of the 100th anniver­

sary of the arrival of the first Japanese immigrants.
Focuses on the "resiliency of the human spirit and the
ability of man to triumph over seemingly unsurmountable
odds."

63
281-285 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

281. Inouye, Daniel K. with Lawrence Elliot. Journey to Washington.

Englewood Cliffs, N. J.:Prentice-Hall, 1967. 297 pp. UHL

Autobiography of the first U. S. Senator of Japanese ances­

try, relating his family background, childhood experiences,
participation in World War II as a 442nd Combat Team member,
and involvement in postwar politics in Hawaii. His experi­
ences and expressed attitudes give insight into the values
of the nisei of his time. [M 475; R 257]

282. Inouye, Souno. "How the Japanese Came to the Islands. What of
the Future of the Japanese? " Honolulu Advertiser, April 30,
1925. UHH-UHL

A brief history of Japanese immigration and a comment on

future prospects for the Japanese in Hawaii. [M 701]

283. Iriye, Akira. Across the Pacific; An Inner History of

American-East Asian Relations. New York: Harcourt, Brace and
World, Inc., 1967. 361 pp. UHL

An analysis of the changing attitudes and relations of three

countries— the United States, Japan, and China— from the
late eighteenth century to the present. Of particular
interest to this bibliography is Chapter 8, "Toward Pearl
Harbor, " an analysis of the sociopolitical climate prior to
and after the attack of December 7, 1941.

284. "Islander's Reflections on Mainland Japanese. " Social Process

in Hawaii 9-10(1945): 39-49. UHH

A survey of letters written by a Hawaii-born soldier of

Japanese ancestry of his impressions of Mainland Japanese in
the Armed Forces and in the relocation camps, expressing
strong disappointment in their lack of "cultural
Americanism" and in the extent to which Japanese cultural
institutions are practiced among them. Attitudes of the
islander, reflected in his comments, are of particular
interest. [M 579; R 20]

285. "Isle Japanese Receive Merit Certificates. " Honolulu Star-

Bulletin, June 13, 1968, p. D-3. UHL-JARCL

64
BIBLIOGRAPHY 286-290

List of more than 730 Islanders of Japanese descent receiving

"certificates of merit from Takeo Miki, Japan’s minister of
foreign affairs, for significant contributions to the commu­
nity as part of the Japanese Centennial Celebration. "

286. "Izumo Taisha Celebrates. " Hawaii- Herald, October 9, 1969,

p . 6. HH-JARCL

Article on the Shinto Sect of Izumo Taisha on its dual

celebration festivities— its annual Great Festival and the
completion of its church. Brief history included.

287. Jabbour, Millard E. "The Sect of Tensho-Kotai-Jingu-Kyo: The

Emergence and Career of A Religious Movement. " Master’s thesis
[Sociology], University of Hawaii, 1958. 128 pp. UHH

A sociological study of the development and characteristics

of one of the new postwar religious movements among Hawaii’s
Japanese. [M 476]

288. Jacobs, Paul, Saul Landau, and Eve Pell. To Serve the Devil,
Vol. 2: Colonials and Sojourners. New York: Random House,
Vintage Books, 1971. 379 pp. UHL-JARCL

An historical and descriptive analysis of Chinese, Japanese,

Hawaiians, and Puerto Ricans in America, and their confron­
tation with democratic and racist institutions and practices
in the United States.

289. "Japan Did Withdraw Her Protest of Annexation. " Paradise of

the Pacific 50(1938):5. UHH

A brief note on the Japanese protest against Hawaii's annex­

ation and its subsequent withdrawal in 1897. [M 702]

290. "Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study. " Hawaii Herald, September 23,

1971, p. 8. HH-JARCL

Article on the expansion of the Hawaii Heart Study to in­

clude research on potentially cancer-related factors.

65
291-296 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

291. "Japan to Honor 56 Islanders With Order of Merit. " Honolulu

Star-Bulletin, June 13, 1968, p. A-8. UHL-JARCL

List of fifty-six outstanding members of the Japanese commu­

nity receiving the Order of Merit from Japan at a ceremony
marking the opening of the Centennial Celebration of
Japanese Immigration to Hawaii.

292. Japanese Chamber of Commerce, Hilo. "President’s Report. "

Mimeographed. Hilo, Hawaii, 1951-1966. JARCL

Annual report of the President, reviewing the current condi­

tions, activities, membership, etc. [M 479]

293. _____________. "Membership Report. " Mimeographed. Hilo,

Hawaii, 1951-1967. JARCL

Annual report on the membership of the Japanese Chamber of

Commerce and Industry of Hawaii in Hilo. [M 477]

294. _____________ . News Bulletin. Mimeographed. Hilo, Hawaii,

1951-1967. JARCL

Monthly publication of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and

Industry of Hawaii in Hilo, giving news about the member­
ship, activities, and items of general interest.

295. [Japanese Chamber of Commerce of Honolulu]. "The Japanese

Chamber of Commerce of Honolulu to the American People: A
Message. " Honolulu Advertiser, April 30, 1925, p. 5.
UHL(microfilm)-HSPA

An open message of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce of

Honolulu to the American government and people, in protests
against the United States Immigration Law of 1924. [M 703]

296. Japanese Chamber of Commerce, Honolulu. The Rainbow: A Bridge

From East to West. . . Past to Future: A 70 Year History of
the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce. Tokyo: Honolulu
Japanese Chamber of Commerce, 1970. 256 pp. in English, 246
pp. in Japanese. JARCL
BIBLIOGRAPHY 297-301

A publication edited by Tsuneichi Yamamoto commemorating the

seventieth anniversary of the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of
Commerce, Brief resume of its history with a "chronological
summary of structural changes, main undertakings and major
resolutions from 1900. " Other inclusions are: Congratula
tory messages, biographical sketches of individuals active
in Chamber activities, essays by prominent citizens of
Hawaii, data concerning business and trade, and ninety
photographs.

297. "Japanese Children— Methods of Release from Japanese

Citizenship. " Hawaii Educational Review 8(1920): 8. UHH

Advice on procedures for the expatriation of children of

Japanese parents in Hawaii. [M 704]

298. The Japanese Conception of Themselves and Their Problem.

Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory Report No. 4.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1944. 12 pp. UHH

Report of interviews with Hawaiian issei and nisei of both

sexes to ascertain their feelings about their treatment
during the war. [M 580]

299. Japanese Educational Association of Hawaii. A Brief Survey of

the Foreign Language School Question. Honolulu, 1923. 33 pp. UHH

An account of the circumstances of the litigation of 1922-

1923 on Japanese language schools in Hawaii, with pertinent
documents as appendices. [M 480]

300. "Japanese Immigrants Honored at Festival. " Honolulu Advertiser,

August 31, 1970, p. A-7. UHL-JARCL

Article on the highlights of the United Japanese Society of

Hawaii’s Summer Festival in honor of "Japanese Immigrants
who became eighty years old this year. "

301. "Japanese in Hawaii. " New Republic 106(1942):445. UHL

An editorial comment on the progress of evacuating Japanese

community leaders from Hawaii and on war services of
Americans of Japanese ancestry. [M 705]

67
302-306 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

302. Japanese Labor Union. Constitution and By-Laws of the Japanese

Labor Union. Honolulu, 1900. AH

The Constitution and By-laws of the Japanese Labor Union

established in 1900. [M 481]

303. "Japanese Organizational Activities in Hawaii. " Pan-Pacific

Magazine 1(1937): 40-44... UHH

A collection of eight articles about Japanese organizations

and their activities in Hawaii. [M 706]

304. Jarrett, Lorna H. Hawaii and Its People. Honolulu: Honolulu

Star-Bulletin, Ltd., 1933. 319 pp. UHH

A general account of the geography and peoples of Hawaii;

material culled from writings of scientists and others and
presented in simple language and convenient form for teach­
ers and students of secondary schools. Scattered references
to Japanese in the descriptions of Hawaii’s population,
occupational life, and government and education. [M 776]

305. Jedlicka, Davor. "Emigrant Pull Model: A Study of Japanese to

Hawaiian Islands. " Master’s thesis [Sociology], University of
Hawaii, 1971. 63 pp. UHH

An analysis of the emigrant pull model as a means of pre­

dicting rates of international migration. Japanese emigra­
tion to Hawaii is studied to determine the effects of
previous migration and nonindigenous populations as predic­
tive factors. The emigrant pull model is presented as an
alternative for Stouffer’s model and Catton and Berggren’s
model.

306. Jim, Dorothy, and Takiko Takiguchi. "Attitudes on Dating of

Oriental Girls with Service Men. " Social Process in Hawaii 8
(1943):66-76. UHH

Records responses of sixty-seven Japanese and Chinese indi­

viduals of various occupational groups to questions regard­
ing interracial dating and marriage. [R 260]
BIBLIOGRAPHY 307-310

307. Johannessen, Edward. "The Labor Movement in the Territory of

Hawaii." Master's thesis [Economics], University of California
at Berkeley, 1950. 207 pp. UHH

A chronological description of the labor movement in Hawaii,

with a discussion of the rate of such factors as geography,
political and social institutions, nature of the economy,
labor supply and employment, laws, and management, with
scattered references to Japanese laborers. [M 778]

308. ____________ . The Hawaiian Labor Movement: A Brief History.

Boston: Bruce Humphries, 1956. 181 pp. UHH

A history of the labor movement, based mainly upon the

author's master's thesis. [M 777]

309. Johnson, Colleen Leahy. "The Japanese-American Family and

Community in Honolulu: Generational Continuities in Ethnic
Affiliation. " Ph.D. dissertation [Anthropology], Syracuse
University, 1972. 429 pp. UHH

The purpose of the investigation was to "analyze the pro­

cesses through which an ethnic group [Japanese-Americans in
Honolulu] over several generations responds to forces for
change introduced by the host society. The aim was to
concentrate on the responses principally in terms of the
family and kinship units, the system of social relation­
ships, and the norms and values." Findings based on a
selective, non-probability sample of 104 mothers of second-
and third-generation families seem to indicate that linear,
progressive models of acculturation/assimilation do not
wholly apply in the case of Japanese-Americans in Honolulu,
and that "in those major areas by which assimilation is
generally measured, the Japanese have not significantly
moved in the direction of the host society. "

310. Johnson, Florence B. "A Comparative Study of Basic Music

Talents of Three Racial Groups: Chinese, Japanese, and Part-
Hawaiian. " Master's thesis [Music], University of Hawaii,
1933. 95 pp. UHH

Six tests were administered to 300 subjects aged 14-20; and

it was found that Hawaiians show significant superiority in
musical capacity when compared with the Japanese and
Chinese. [R 261]

69
311-315 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

311. Johnson, Robert L. "Maui's AJA's Back Up Successes:

Birthplace of Many 'Big Names. '" Sunday Star-Bulletin and
Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-14. UHL-JARCL

Article on Americans of Japanese ancestry in Maui who are

successful in fields ranging from politics to banking.
Touches on "'firsts' in the movement of men of Japanese
ancestry into executive positions which before were occupied
exclusively by Caucasians. "

312. Jones, Maude. "Naturalization of Orientals in Hawaii Prior to

1900. " In Forty-First Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical
Society for the Year 1932, pp. 66-69. Honolulu, 1933. UHH

A brief survey of Japanese and Chinese naturalization to

Hawaiian citizenship. Mentions seven cases among the
Japanese, beginning in 1844, although, it is pointed out,
the fact of original Japanese nationality cannot be clearly
established from the names as recorded. [M 581]

313. Jones, Stella M. "Little Kauai in the War. " Asia and the
Americas, February, 1943, pp. 111-114. UHL

An account of the ordinary life and work of Japanese and

other peoples in Kauai during the war. [M 707]

314. Kaapu, Myrtle King. "A Study of the Influence of Japanese

Syntax and Idiom upon the Spoken and Written English of a Group
of Ninth Grade Pupils. " Master's thesis [Education],
University of Hawaii, 1937. 108 pp. UHH

Identifies and compares patterns of deviation from standard

American English which appeared in the language of Japanese
and non-Japanese students. [R 267]

315. Kadota, Elaine, and Francis Okada. "Japanese Language School in

Hawaii. " Hawaii Herald, December 11, 1969, p. 2. HH-JARCL

Article on the discussion held at Kaimana Hotel on "The

Japanese Language in Hawaii. " Comments by various partici­
pants summarized.

70
BIBLIOGRAPHY 316-320

316. Kadson, Lawrence M . , and Madorah E. Smith. "Pidgin Usage of

Some Preschool Children in Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii
24(1960):63-72. UHH

Description of some common pidgin usages of Japanese and

Filipino children, comparing family backgrounds of these
children in 1938 and 1958. [M 583]

317. Kagan, Abraham. "Cancer Mortality Among Ethnic Groups in

Hawaii. " Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 7(1971):1451-1454. UHH

A study of cancer death rates based on death certificate

summaries from the Hawaii State Health Department (1957-
1963) revealed that among Japanese men, cancer mortality was
highest of all ethnic groups in Hawaii. "The most striking
feature was the unusually high mortality from cancer of the
stomach. " Other conclusions show further differentiation
along sex and ethnic lines.

318. Kagan, Abraham, George G. Rhoads, Peter D. Zeegan, and Milton

Z. Nicharman. "Coronary Heart Disease Among Men of Japanese
Ancesrry in Hawaii. " Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 4
(1971):1573-1577. UHH

A presentation of preliminary findings of the Honolulu Heart

Study, one of three studies designed to determine the ef­
fects of migration on physical/biochemical findings, and
diet, morbidity and mortality patterns among groups of
Japanese who migrated to Hawaii and California.

319. "Kahuku Plantation Thru' the Years. " Hawaii Herald , November
25, 1971, p. 5. HH-JARCL

Story of Soichi Yonemori, the employee with the longest

service record at Kahuku Plantation, recounting his fifty-
and-one-half years as a sugar plantation worker and his
reminiscences of the turbulent years of his boyhood, his
life on the plantation, the World War II years and the plans
for his forthcoming retirement.

320. Kai, Kanezo. "Foreign Language Schools in Hawaii. " Mid-

Pacific Magazine 38(1929):11-14. UHH

71
321-324 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

An address before the Pan-Pacific Research Institute in

Honolulu, commenting on the need for improvements in
Japanese and other foreign language schools in Hawaii for
better education in Americanization. [M 708]

321. Kakazu, Hashiji. "Forty-four Years of Raising Avocados. "

Hawaii Pono Journal 1(1971): 2-11. UHL-JARCL

Description of the life work and struggle in Kona, Hawaii of

an eighty-one year old Okinawan farmer. The author relates
his "plight of a poor tenant farmer resisting eviction. "

322. Kalish, Richard A. "Suicide: An Ethnic Comparison in Hawaii. "

Bulletin of Suicidology, December 1968, pp. 37-43. UHL

An examination of demographic statistics from 1959 to 1965

"to determine the pattern of suicides, suicide attempts, and
suicide methods as related to ethnic groups in Hawaii, and
to determine whether these patterns are related to indices
of social disorganization. " [R 270]

323. Kalish, Richard A . , Michael Maloney, and Abe Arkoff. "Cross-

Cultural Comparisons of College Students’ Marital-Role
Preferences. " Journal of Social Psychology 68(1966):41-47. UHL

Previous cross-cultural research on attitudes toward mar­

riage roles (see entries 26 and 27) is extended to include
Japanese-American and Caucasian-American students in
California. The data are then compared with marriage role
preference scores of students in Japan, and Japanese-
Americans and Caucasian-Americans in Hawaii. [R 271]

324. Kanagawa, Wayne Yoshito. "A Study of Old Age Assistance

Recipients of Japanese Ancestry Under the Honolulu County,
Department of Public Welfare, Territory of Hawaii. " Master’s
thesis [Social Work], University of Hawaii, 1955. 72 pp. UHH

A description and analysis of social, economic and cultural

characteristics of the Japanese recipients of old-age assis­
tance, assessing the reasons for an increase in the number
of Japanese applicants for such assistance, with particular
emphasis on cultural factors. [M 482]

72
BIBLIOGRAPHY 325-329

325. Kaneshiro, Morimasa. "Interviews with Non-Member Parents of

Japanese-American Children Attending a Christian Sunday
School. " Social Process in Hawaii 26(1963):83-87. UHH

Observations of the attitude and behavior of non-member

Japanese parents who send their children to Sunday school.
Responses of nine couples indicate that the parents’ atti­
tudes regarding their children's religious affiliation are
influenced more by sociological factors than by religious
factors. [M 582; R 274]

326. Kapaa, Jodoin. 50th Anniversary C e l e b r a t i o n ,

Sunday, March 24,
1963. Kauai, 1963. Kapaa Jodo Mission-UHH

A special pamphlet commemorating the 50th anniversary of the

beginning of the Kapaa Jodo Mission. A brief resume of its
history is included. [M 483]

327. Kashiwa, Yoshiko Irene. "A Study into the Attitudes of Some
Children of Japanese Descent Toward the Chinese and Japanese
During the Sino-Japanese War. " Master's thesis [Education],
University of Hawaii, 1940. Ill pp. UHH

A study of attitudinal characteristics of a group of

Waialua, Oahu, children of Japanese ancestry in their
relation with their peers of Japanese and Chinese ancestry
after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937. [M 484]

328. _____________, and Madorah E. Smith. "A Study of the Attitudes

of Some Children of Japanese Ancestry Toward the Chinese and
Japanese. " Journal of Social Psychology 18(1943):149-153. UHL

An attempt to determine the influence of Japanese movies on

the attitudes of children of Japanese ancestry toward the
Chinese and Japanese during the war. A study developed from
Kashiwa's previous study. [M 584]

329. Kashiwahara, James. "Japanese Etiquette in Hawaii. " Social

Process in Hawaii 1(1935): 34-35. UHH

A description of Japanese etiquette in greeting and eating

and its gradual change in Hawaii. [M 585]

73
330-333 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

330. Kato, Masaaki. "Self-Destruction in Japan: A Cross-Cultural,

Epidemiological Analysis of Suicide. " Typescript. University
of Hawaii, 1968. UHH

The incidence, distribution, and causes of suicide among the

Japanese are discussed, and a cross-cultural comparison is
drawn (pp. 34-38) between Japanese-American and other ethnic
groups in Hawaii. The Japanese in Hawaii rank highest in
incidence of suicide, of which the preponderance is in an
over-65 years of age, Japan-born category.

331. Katz, Martin M , , Howard Gudeman, and Kenneth Sanborn.

"Characterizing the Differences in Psychopathology Among
Japanese, Filipino, and Hawaiian Schizophrenics. " Mimeo­
graphed. University of Hawaii, 1966. UHH

Preliminary report presented at the Conference on Mental

Health in Asia and the Pacific, March 1966, at the East-West
Center. A phenomenologic approach is used in an attempt to
develop a detailed picture of the similarities and differ­
ences in manifest functional psychosis of several ethnic
groups. Results are reported in subsequent publications.
[M 823; R 279]

332. _____________ , _____________, a n d . "Characterizing

Differences in Psychopathology Among Ethnic Groups in Hawaii. "
Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for
Research on Mental and Nervous Diseases, New York, December 1-2,
1967. UHH

Sequel to entry 331, a study of differences in manifest

functional psychosis among Hawaii's ethnic groups, with
special emphasis on Japanese (mainly nisei) and Caucasians.
An attempt to test the consistency of these differences
(1) with those found in previous studies; (2) with "normal
personality" in these groups; and (3) in different settings,
e. g., the community and the hospital; and to ascertain
manifestations of functional psychotic behavior which cut
across ethnic lines. [M 824]

333. _____________ , ______________ , and . "Characterizing

Differences in Psychopathology Among Ethnic Groups: A
Preliminary Report on Hawaii-Japanese and Mainland-American
Schizophrenics. " In Mental Health Research in Asia and the
Pacific , edited by William Caudill and Tsung Yi Lin, pp.
148-163. Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1969. UHL

74
BIBLIOGRAPHY 334-337

A description of the Hawaii State Hospital’s phenomeno­

logical research approach to mental illness, "designed to
provide a comprehensive picture of psychopathology in sev­
eral ethnic groups. . . . A preliminary comparison of
Hawaii-Japanese patients and a cross-national sample of
American schizophrenic patients was designed to exemplify
the experimental approach. The results of this comparison
indicate that the picture of psychopathology derived from a
study of an ethnic group is influenced by the setting in
which the patients are studied. "

334. Kawahara, Kimie, and Yuriko Hatanaka. "The Impact of War on an

Immigrant Culture. " Social Process in Hawaii 8(1943):36-45. UHH

Observations of changes in the living pattern of Japanese in

Hawaii as accelerated by their wartime fear of criticism of
their traditional customs. [M 586]

335. Kawakami, Daniel. "Age and Ethnic Factors in Attitudes Toward

Aged Parents. " Master’s thesis [Psychology], University of
Hawaii, 1955. 58 pp. UHH

A comparative study of the attitudes of Caucasian and

Japanese children (adolescents and adults) toward their aged
parents (60 years or older) as influenced by age and cul­
tural factors. [M 779]

336. Kawakami, Kiyoshi Karl. Asia at the Door; A Study of the

Japanese Question in Continental United States, Hawaii, and
Canada. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1914. 269 pp. UHL

A graphic account of Japanese experiences as immigrants and

immigrants’ children on the Mainland and in Hawaii, written
as a plea for better understanding of the Japanese by
Caucasians. Three chapters, pp. 183-233, are devoted to
Hawaii and its Japanese people. [M 780]

337. _____________. The Real Japanese Question. New York: The

Macmillan Company, 1921. 269 pp. UHL

A review of the Japanese problem in America, which the

author views as a creation of Americans themselves and not
of the Japanese. The Japanese in Hawaii are treated in the
first chapter, pp. 1-17; the second chapter, pp. 18-40,

75
338-342 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

reviews the "Hawaiianization of the Pacific Coast, " particu­

larly the effects of an influx of Hawaii’s Japanese into
this area. [M 781]

338. Keir, Gerry. "GOP, Demos, Tangle on Racial Balance Concept. "
Honolulu Advertiser, March 6, 1969, p. A-6. UHL-JARCL

Focuses on ethnic representation in the composition of the

Republican and Democratic Parties in Hawaii.

339. Kepner, Richard De Monbrun. "Syphilis and Neurosyphilis in

Hawaii. " Hawaii Medical Journal 1(1941):13-19. UHH

A survey of the incidence of syphilis and neurosyphilis in

the Territorial Hospital from 1923 to 1940. The disease
rate is analyzed by race and sex and is compared with fig­
ures in state-run hospitals on the Mainland. [R 288]

340. Kimmich, Robert A. "Ethnic Aspects of Schizophrenia in

Hawaii. " Psychiatry 23(1960): 97— 102. UHL

First admissions to the Territorial Hospital from 1946 to

1956 are studied and a comparison is made of patterns of
behavior of schizophrenics of various ethnic backgrounds.
[M 825; R 291]

341. Kimura, Evelyn Yama, and Margaret Zimmerman Freeman. "The

Problem of Assimilation. " Social Process in Hawaii 19(1955):
55-64. UHH

A study of the assimilation to American life in Hawaii of

occupationally well-established Japanese-Americans, judged
by both overt and covert behavior. Excerpts from interviews
suggest that these men have not yet completed the process of
acculturation. [M 587; R 292]

342. Kimura, Sueko H. "Japanese Funeral Practices in Pahoa. "

Social Process in Hawaii 22(1958): 21-25. UHH

A description of Japanese funeral customs in the plantation

village of Pahoa on the Big Island. [M 588]

76
BIBLIOGRAPHY 343-347

343. Kimura, Yukiko. "Honolulu Barber Girls— A Study of Culture

Conflict. " Social Process in Hawaii 5(1939):22-29. UHH

A study of the degree of assimilation of some eighty

Japanese barber shop girls in Honolulu and the factors
inhibiting full assimilation. [M 589]

344. _____________. "Psychological Aspects of Japanese Immigration. "

Social Process in Hawaii 6(1940):10-22. UHH

A study of psychological factors influencing Japanese immi­

grants in their settlement and assimilation in Hawaii,
covering the period from the earliest days of immigration to
the 1920s. [M 591]

345. . "Some Effects of the War Situation Upon the

_

Alien Japanese in Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 8(1943):

18-28. UHH

A description of the effects of the war on issei Japanese in

Hawaii, such as a sense of extreme insecurity, spread of
rumors and superstitions, loss of traditional leadership,
change in mental habits, reversal of family control, disso­
lution of cliques and factions, increase in nostalgia for
Japan, increased in-group experiences, and greater partici­
pation in larger community efforts. [M 596]

346. . "A Sociological Analysis of Types of Social

_

Readjustment of Alien Japanese in Hawaii Since the War. "

Master’s thesis [Sociology], University of Hawaii, 1947. 248
pp. UHH

Utilizes primary and secondary data which describe and

analyze "the types of reactions and adjustments made by the
alien Japanese of Hawaii following VJ Day. Special atten­
tion [is] directed to the psychic maladies discovered among
the issei shortly after the close of the war. " [M 486;
R 297]

347. "Rumor Among the Japanese. " Social Process in

Hawaii 11(1947):84-92. UHH

77
348-351 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A study of the spread of rumor among the Japanese in Hawaii

after the war as an indication of the inner tension caused
by social unrest. [M 593]

348. Kimura, Yukiko. "A Comparative Study of Collective Adjustment

of the Issei, the First Generation Japanese in Hawaii and in
the Mainland United States Since Pearl Harbor. " Ph.D. disser­
tation [Sociology], University of Chicago, 1952. 510 pp. UHH

Comparative study of the adjustment of groups of first-

generation Japanese to the larger community, in Hawaii and
on the Mainland. Emphasis placed on the development of a
corporate self-image as an ethnic group in two different
social environments. [M 485]

349. _____________. A Preliminary Report of In-law Relations of War

Brides in Hawaii. Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory
Report No. 22. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1955. 14 pp. UHH

Preliminary study of the adjustment of Japanese and European

war brides in Hawaii. This report is superseded by RASL
Report No. 32, see entry 351. [M 590]

350. . "Sociological Significance of Japanese Language

School Campaign in Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 20(1956):
47-51. UHH

A survey of the postwar social movement among the Japanese

to reopen Japanese language schools in Hawaii and its sig­
nificance for issei Japanese. [M 595]

351. _____________. "War Brides in Hawaii and Their In-laws. "

American Journal of Sociology 63(1957): 70-76. UHL

A study of the successful or faulty relationships of 324

Japanese and European war brides with their in-laws in
Hawaii. Data indicate that the relationships of those
brides and in-laws who share the same cultural backgrounds
are somewhat restricted whereas in the case where cultural
backgrounds differ it is recognized that adjustment is
necessary on the basis of the situation at hand, and smooth
interpersonal relationships tend to be more easily estab­
lished. See entry 349. [M 597; R 301]

78
BIBLIOGRAPHY 352-355

352. Kimura, Yukiko. Socio-Historical Background of the Okinawans

in Hawaii. Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory Report No.
36. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1962. 22 pp. UHH

The first installment of a projected series of reports on

the experiences of issei Okinawans as immigrants and members
of a minority group in Hawaii. It deals briefly with the
historical background of Okinawan immigration and the de­
scription of Okinawans on the Neighbor Islands. Appendices
give life histories of several individuals. [M 594]

353. ____________ . "Religious Affiliation of War Brides in Hawaii

and Their Marital Adjustment. " Social Process in Hawaii 26
(1963):88-95. UHH

A study of the correlation between religious affiliation and

marital adjustment of Japanese and European war brides in
Hawaii. [M 592]

354. ____________ . "Locality Clubs as Basic Units of the Social

Organization of the Okinawans in Hawaii. " Phylon 29(1968): 331-
338. UHL

An analysis of the basic factors of mutual and locality

identifications which contribute to the perpetuation of the
Okinawan social organization known as locality clubs formed
from son (village), cho (town), shi (city), aza (smallest
administrative unit), and doshi (two or more aza or son).

355. Kinney, William Ansel. Hawaii's Capacity for Self-Government

All But Destroyed. Salt Lake City: F. L. Jensen, 1927. 206
pp. UHH-HSPA

A lengthy essay written by one of the three Hawaii

Commissioners who negotiated and signed the Treaty of
Annexation with the United States, and who later assisted
Prince Kuhio in his campaign against Asiatic immigration
into Hawaii. A direct appeal to American citizens to con­
trol "the flooding of Hawaii with Asiatics" and to preserve
"democracy in Hawaii along established and traditional
American lines." [M 782]

79
356-359 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

356. Kitamura, Samuel H. "An Accentual Study of the Japanese Speech

in Hawaii: Lexical Pitch Patterns of Selected Okinawan
Speakers. " Master’s thesis [Japanese], University of Hawaii,
1959. 202 pp. UHH

A phonological description of Japanese as spoken by

representative-informants with Okinawan language backgrounds,
with emphasis on the most distinctive feature of the
Okinawan language, the accentual phenomenon. [M 487]

357. Kitano, Harry H. L. Japanese Americans; The Evolution of a

Subculture. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
1969. 186 pp. UHL-JARCL

A largely sociological analysis of Japanese-Americans in the

United States. An examination of the dynamic role of cul­
ture and institutions in the acculturation process and in
the social and economic "success story" of Japanese-
Americans on the mainland and Hawaii. Data heavily drawn
from mainland sources, especially from the Los Angeles area.

358. . "Japanese-American Mental Illness. " In Changing

Perspectives in Mental Illness, edited by Stanley C. Plog and
Robert B. Edgerton, pp. 256-284. New York: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Inc., 1969. UHL-JARCL

A study of the epidemiology, classification, and explanation

of Japanese-American psychopathology. Low rates of mental
illness and other deviant behavior in Japanese-American
groups are attributed to the strength of certain cultural
and ethnic intersections, practices, and beliefs.

359. . "Mental Illness in Four Cultures. " Journal of

Social Psychology 80(1970): 121-134. UHL-JARCL

A comparative study of mental illness of schizophrenic

diagnostic category among four cultures— Japanese living in
Los Angeles, Hawaii, Tokyo, and Okinawa. The "study was
designed to illustrate the ’process’ of mental illness" from
the "definitions, reactions, use of resources and the
’paths’ to the mental hospital, " to the hospitalization and
finally the analysis of the life of the patient after re­
lease. Data and results on work history, family variables,
onset of mental illness, prehospitalization, illness and
symptoms, hospital adjustment and cultural differences

80
BIBLIOGRAPHY 360-363

between Japanese and Hawaiians are presented by section with

a summary table for each. Analysis and discussion of re­
sults follow. The conclusion is that "in spite of subcul­
tural differences, the reactions and resources used were
much more similar than expected. " The Japanese mentally ill
from all four cultures is described as "generally a lonely,
isolated individual from a lonely, isolated family. The
isolation (being). . . of a long term process. "

360. Klopf, Donald William, and John P. Highlander. "The Radio

Obituary: Cultural Phenomenon in Broadcasting. " Journalism
Quarterly (University of Minnesota) 41(1964):440-442. UHL

A brief review of the development of a uniquely Japanese

cultural phenomenon in Hawaii, the radio obituary, and its
role in the Japanese community. [M 598]

361. Knaefler, Tomi. "Immigrant’s Dreams Realized by Children. "

Honolulu Star-Bulletin, June 15, 1968, p. B-l. UHL-JARCL

Briefly recounts the arrival of the Gannen Mono, their

characteristics and general impressions upon arrival in
Hawaii. Photographs depict how immigrants later fared.

362. _____________. "Melting Pot Idea and Myth. . . Anthropologist’s

View of Isles." Honolulu Star-Bulletin, July 13, 1971, p.
A-20. UHL-JARCL

Comments by Dr. Alan Howard on the persistence of the myth

of the "melting pot" which is "in fact a boiling pot of
suppressed racial differences. " The danger of the myth is
seen as a blurring of ethnic diversity which has allowed
socio-economic and political dominance by the "Anglo cul­
ture" and given rise to the attendant problems of sublima­
tion, ethnic stereotyping, loss of ethnic pride and the
"pressure for Anglo conformity. "

363. "Koji Ariyoshi. . . Sums up his Life Philosophy. " Hawaii

Herald, November 11, 1971, p. 4. HH-JARCL

Part I of the text of a speech presented at the Hongwanji

Laymen’s Seminar by Koji Ariyoshi, recounting his early
wartime years in China, his work as a labor leader, and his
opinions on the Vietnam War.

81
364-368 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

364. "Koji Ariyoshi. . . Sums up his Life Philosophy. " Hawaii

Herald, November 18, 1971, p. 4. HH-JARCL

Part II of the text of Koji Ariyoshi’s speech at the

Hongwanji Laymen's Seminar concerning the disenchanted
sansei and yonsei of today, the role of Buddhism in contem­
porary affairs, and the challenges of the future.

365. Kona Daifukuji. 50th Anniversary Celebration; 15th State

Convention of the Soto Young Buddhist Association of Hawaii.
Kona Daifukuji Soto Mission, Hawaii, 1964. 76 pp.
Kona Soto Mission

A special publication on the occasion of the fiftieth anni­

versary of the Kona Soto Mission and the 15th Hawaii Soto
Young Buddhist Association Convention, giving a brief his­
tory of the Mission and a description of programs for the
celebration and convention. [M 488]

366. Kong, Hester. "Through the Peepsight of a Grocery Store. "

Social Process in Hawaii 9-10(1945):11-16. UHH

Changing interracial attitudes were observed among customers

of a grocery store in the Palama District during the course
of World War II. [R 307]

367. Kono, Ayako. "Language as a Factor in the Achievement of

American-born Students of Japanese Ancestry. " Master’s thesis
[Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1934. 98 pp. UHH

The Stanford Achievement, Terman Group Mental and Pitner

Non-Language Mental Tests were administered to 180 Japanese-
Americans, aged 11-17. In the non-language tests, the
Japanese subjects scored well above the Mainland norms,
while they were correspondingly below the Mainland norms in
the verbal tests, demonstrating that the test performance of
the Japanese-Americans is lowered by language handicap.
[M 489; R 308]

368. Kort, Blanche L. , and Mitsu Yamato. A Bibliographical Record

of Americans of Japanese Ancestry. Honolulu: Stowe and
Associates. 1963. 106 pp. UHH

82
BIBLIOGRAPHY 369-373

Biographical sketches of 187 American men of Japanese ances­

try who have demonstrated distinguished personal achievement
and notable community service. Breakdown by islands: Oahu,
131; Hawaii, 27; Maui, 13; Kauai, 16. [M 490]

369. Kosaki, Mildred Doi. "The Culture Conflicts and Guidance Needs
of Nisei Adolescents. " Master’s thesis [Education], University
of Hawaii, 1949. 161 pp. UHH

Interprets data obtained from twenty-eight high school

students. Areas of conflict include attitudes toward reli­
gion and education, family relationships and marriage pref­
erences. Emphasizes guidance needs of democratic-minded
students from tradition-oriented Japanese homes. [R 309]

370. Krauss, Bob. "Aoki’s Store Grew Along With Waikiki. " Sunday
Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, March 16, 1969, p. A-8. UHL-JARCL

The story of Mizuno Aoki, the "grand dame of storekeepers in

Waikiki" at age 79, from her arrival in 1910 as a picture
bride, to the present.

371. Kubo, Judy. "The Negro Soldier in Kahuku. " Social Process in
Hawaii 9-10(1945): 28-32. UHH

Reports expressed attitudes of Japanese and Filipino planta­

tion residents toward a group of Negro soldiers stationed
near the plantation. [R 313]

372. Kubojiri, Clara. "Shimpai Marriage— An Outdated Custom? "

Nisei in Hawaii and the Pacific 9(1956): 4. UHH

A brief account of the traditional Japanese practice of

"arranged marriage" and its survival in modified form in
Hawaii.

373. Kuraoka, Anne. "No Less American. " Paradise of the Pacific 47
(1935):9-10. UHH

An assertion that Americans of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii

have been truly Americanized. A statement prepared in
conjunction with the observance of the fiftieth anniversary
of Japanese immigration to Hawaii. [M 709]

83
374-377 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

374. Kurita, Yayoi. "Labor Movements Among Japanese Plantation

Workers in Hawaii. " Typescript. University of Hawaii
Proseminar on Labor, cl952. 59 pp. UHH

A study of Japanese labor organizationand activities, with

emphasis on the strikes of 1909 and 1920. Paper prepared
for a proseminar on labor conducted at the University of
Hawaii by Professor Mark Perlman. [M 492]

375. Kuroda, Yasumasa. "A Study of Japanese Americans in Honolulu:

Subculture and Subsociety." Paper presented at the Annual
Meeting of the Association of Asian Studies, New York, March
27-29, 1972. 35 pp. UH Pol . Sci.Dept.

A preliminary examination of theusefulness of the theoreti­

cal constructs of "subculturalization" and "subsocietaliza-
tion, " as opposed to acculturation and assimilation, in the
study of Japanese-Americans in Honolulu. Special attention
is given to social class and generation in the analysis.
The 477 (61% of the initial sample) respondents were drawn
from a systematic random sampling of the registered Japanese-
American voters of the 8th to the 18th districts on Oahu.
Conclusions drawn are (1) although preliminary findings
"show age would be just as good an indicator [as] generation
in predicting attitudes and behavior patterns" further
studies are needed; (2) empirical findings indicate that
"Japanese Americans develop their own culture and social
circles without ever completely integrating with the main
culture at large. " The findings affirm the hypotheses that
the "extent of adaptation to the American culture varies in
different areas" and that "it is easier to predict subcul-
turaiization patterns than those of the subsocietaliza-
tions. " See entry 638.

376. Kutsunai, Y. "Statistics of Laborers at Makiki and Manoa

Plots. " Typescript. Honolulu, December 26, 1919. 1 p. HSPA

A statistical table shewing the number of Japanese laborers

residing on Makiki and Manoa plots, Prepared for the
Hawaiian Sugar Planter's Association. [M 599]

377. Kuwahara, Akira. "Report on Hawaii's Trade with Japan. "

Reports of Students in Economics and Business, University of
Hawaii, No. 7. Typescript. Honolulu, 1930. 13 pp. UHH

84
BIBLIOGRAPHY 378-382

A report on the beginnings, development, volume, and value

of trade between Hawaii and Japan during the period from
1890 to 1926, based mainly on Japanese Chamber of Commerce
publications and Governor’s reports. [M 600]

378. Kuwahara, Akira. "Report on the Japanese Trade Associations in

Hawaii. " Reports of Students in Economics and Business,
University of Hawaii, No. 8, Typescript. Honolulu, 1930. 9
pp. UHH

A report mainly on the organization and activities of the

Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce, with reference to
eight other trade associations. [M 601]

379. Kuykendall, Delman L. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " Honolulu,

1949, Typescript. 22 pp. UHH

A report touching on Japanese immigration history, status in

Hawaii’s economy, culture, and politics, intermarriage,
health, and their condition during the war, with emphasis on
their assimilation. [M 602]

380. Kuykendall, Ralph S. The Earliest Japanese Labor Immigration

to Hawaii. University of Hawaii Occasional Papers No. 25.
Honolulu, 1935. 26 pp. UHH

A study of the first Japanese contract laborers who came to

Hawaii in 1868, discussing their arrival in Hawaii, their
work experiences, their relations with the Japanese and
Hawaiian governments and with their plantation employers,
and official Japanese-Hawaiian relations. [M 493]

381. Ladenson, Alex. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " Ph. D. dissertation

[History], University of Chicago, 1938. 205 pp. UHH

A historical description of Japanese immigration and settle­

ment, with the concluding chapters devoted to a review of
the economic evolution and assimilation of the Japanese
people. [M 494]

382. "The Background of the Hawaiian-Japanese Labor

Convention of 1886. " Pacific Historical Review 9(1940):389—
400. UHH

85
383-386 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A historical study of the negotiations for the labor conven­

tion of 1886 between Hawaii and Japan. [M 603]

383. Lam, Margaret. "Acculturation and the War. " Sociology and
Social Research 30(1946):255-263. UHL

Acceleration of the process of acculturation among the

Japanese in Hawaii during the Second World War is revealed
by the increasing tendency to westernize dress, eating
habits, religious practices and language. [R 323]

384. Lane, Kimie Kawahara, and Caroline Ogata. "Change of Attitudes

Among Plantation Workers. " Social Process in Hawaii 9-10
(1945):93-97. UHH

An observation of the rapid increase of labor union member­

ship among plantation workers in Hawaii during World War II.
[R 324]

385. Larsen, Nils P. "Atherosclerosis— An Autopsy Study. " Hawaii

Medical Journal 14(1954):129-132. UHH

Analysis of 1, 250 autopsies in Honolulu indicate that

atherosclerosis is more common among Caucasians than among
Orientals, but "this difference seems to be decreasing with
the increasing number of Orientals who are eating the
Caucasian diet. " [R 325]

386. Lebra, Takie Sugiyama. "An Interpretation of Religious

Conversion: A Millenial Movement Among Japanese-Americans in
Hawaii. " Ph. D. dissertation [Sociology], University of
Pittsburgh, 1967. 499 pp. UHH

An analysis and interpretation of primary data on the phe­

nomenon of religious conversion among members of the Dancing
Religion in Hawaii. The problem of transculturation is
discussed and maintenance of self-identity is emphasized.
Background information is provided on the development of the
sect in Japan and its emergence in Hawaii. [M 495; R 328]

86
BIBLIOGRAPHY 387-390

387. Lebra, Takie Sugiyama. ’’Religious Conversion and Elimination

of the Sick Role: A Japanese Sect in Hawaii. " Paper presented
at the Conference on Culture and Mental Health in Asia and the
Pacific, Honolulu, March 17-21, 1969.

An examination of the Dancing Religion's elimination of the

"sick role" as a socially acceptable means of obtaining
release from obligation, and the sect's general lack of
social reinforcement for illness. (See entry 391. )

388. . "The Logic of Salvation: The Case of a Japanese

_

Sect in Hawaii. " International Journal of Social Psychiatry

16(1969-1970):45-53. UHL

An analysis of symbolic mechanisms operative in the belief in

salvation which serve to support, instill, or reinforce the
faith that despite trying or unfavorable circumstances in
the external world, salvation is possible.

389. . "Religious Conversion as a Breakthrough for

_

Transculturation: A Japanese Sect in Hawaii. " Journal for the

Scientific Study of Religion 9(1970): 181-196. UHL

Based on the sociological tradition since Weber, religious

commitment is seen to enhance both autonomy from secular
constraint and also better adjustment to the secular envi­
ronment. This interpretation is applied to a group of
Japanese-Americans in Hawaii who were converted to a deviant
sect (Tensho-Kotai-Jingu-Kyo) introduced from Japan. Three
characteristics of Japanese-Americans— responsiveness to
social sanction, striving for success, and rigidity— are
changed in bipolar directions through conversion. On the
one hand the convert is shown to have overcome his old
cultural constraint through "de-culturation," and on the
other, to have rechanneled the same orientations for "re­
socialization" in the multi-cultural setting of Hawaii.
Conversion is thus interpreted as a trigger for releasing a
wider range of behavioral options suited for transcultural
environment.

390. _____________. "Acculturation Dilemma: The Function of

Japanese Moral Values for Americanization. " Council on
Anthropology and Education Newsletter 3(1972): 6-13. JARCL

87
391-393 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A discussion of linear and non-linear models of acculturation

is followed by the presentation of an alternative hypothesis
on acculturation which attempts to integrate the essentially
antithetical models. The theory is applied to Japanese-
Americans in Hawaii through an examination of the accultura-
tive function of Japanese language schools in prewar Hawaii.
One argument delineated is that Japanese moral values and
Japanese culture in general initially facilitate accultura­
tion (Americanization),but that "the reverse is not true;
that is, Americanization does not reinforce Japanese cul­
ture; instead it involves an irreversible movement away from
the native culture, and hence ambivalence and dilemma on the
part of the acculturating individual. "

391. Lebra, Takie Sugiyama. "Religious Conversion and Elimination

of the Sick Role: A Japanese Sect in Hawaii. " In
Transcultural Research in Mental Health, vol. 2 of Mental
Health Research in Asia and the Pacific, edited by William P.
Lebra, pp. 282-292. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii,
1972. UHH-UHA

Article based on paper by the same title, see entry 387.

392. Lee, Caroline. "Cultural Factors of Desertion in Hawaii. "

Social Process in Hawaii 5(1939): 55-61. UHH

A preliminary report on several cultural factors in family

desertion among various ethnic groups in Hawaii. Points out
that the lowest rate of desertion for the Japanese group may
reflect effective group and family control among the
Japanese. [M 826]

393. Leiter, Russell G. The Leiter International Performance Scale.

University of Hawaii Research Publications No. 13. Honolulu,
1936. 42 pp. UHH

Several non-language tests designed to measure intelligence

were administered in Hawaii to 1, 430 Chinese and Japanese
students, ranging in age from six to sixteen years to test
the cross-cultural utility of these measuring devices.
[R 340]

88
BIBLIOGRAPHY 394-399

394. Lemert, Edwin. "Stuttering and Social Structure in Two Pacific

Societies. " Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 27(1962):
3-10. UHL

Reports the incidence of stuttering among Polynesians

(Samoans and Hawaiians) and Japanese, and their respective
cultural factors which tend to influence stuttering behav­
ior. [R 342]

395. "Let’s Hear From 'New Americans. ’" Hawaii 1(1940):3-4. UHH

A criticism of the comment made by Japanese Consul General

Gunji Kiichi in Japan about the loyalty of Americans of
Japanese ancestry toward Japan; declares the firm resolve of
the nisei Japanese to be loyal Americans. [M 710]

396. Liebes, Richard A. "Labor Organization in Hawaii:A Study of

the Effects of Labor to Obtain Security Through Organization. "
Master’s thesis [Economics], University of Hawaii, 1938. 132
pp. UHH

A history of the labor movement and unionization in Hawaii,

including Japanese labor activities and race problems.
Japanese labor is treated in Chapters 2 (pp. 17-46) and 4
(pp. 68-75). [M 783; R 346]

397. . "History of Organized Labor in Hawaii. " In

Annual Report of Hawaii Education Association, Social-Economic
Committee, pp. 61-71. Mimeographed. Honolulu, 1939. UHH

Condensation of the author's Master’s thesis, "Labor

Organization in Hawaii" [entry 396]. [M 827]

398. Lihue Hongwanji. Annual Report. Mimeographed. Lihue, Kauai.

1949-1966. Lihue Hongwanji Mission

Annual report of the Lihue Hongwanji Mission, containing

reports on the financial conditions and activities of the
Mission and its affiliated organizations. A short resume in
Japanese is attached. [M 496]

399. . Lihue Hongwanji Hews Bulletin. Lihue, Kauai.

1949-1967. Lihue Hongwanji Mission

89
400-404 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A monthly newsletter issued by the Mission for its members.

[M 498]

400. Lihue Hongwanji. Dedication Program, Jan. 30, 31, 1965.

Lihue, Kauai, 1965. 24 pp. Lihue Hongwanji Mission

A special pamphlet marking the completion of the new temple

building, with statements on the Mission’s history and
activities and affiliated organizations. A brief resume in
Japanese is attached. [M 497]

401. Lind, Andrew W. "Occupation Trends Among Immigrant Groups in

Hawaii. " Social Forces 7(1928):290-299. UHH-UHL

A preliminary study of the patterns of occupational accommo­

dation of Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, Portuguese
and other immigrant peoples as indicative of general social
accommodation and assimilation in Hawaii. [M 831]

402. _____________. "Occupational Attitudes of Orientals in Hawaii. "

Sociology and Social Research 12(1929): 245-255. UHH-UHL

A study of attitudes of nisei toward given occupations,

indicating conceptions guiding the Japanese in their economic
evolution from the sugar plantation. [M 608]

403. _____________. "The Ghetto and the Slum. " Social Forces 9
(1930):206-215. UHH-UHL

A description of the culture areas of Japanese and other

ethnic groups in Honolulu which constitute ghettos and
slums, with particular reference to social organization and
economic maladjustment in these areas. [M 829]

404. "Voting in Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 1

(1935):2-5. UHH

A refutation of the common notion of racial bloc voting in

Hawaii, with a presentation of relevant population statis­
tics up to 1930. [M 833]

90
BIBLIOGRAPHY 405-410

405. Lind, Andrew W. An Island Community: Ecological Succession in

Hawaii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1938. 337 pp. UHH

A study of human ecology in Hawaii, with scattered refer­

ences to the Japanese throughout. Describes land use,
population movement and settlement, trade and industry,
labor and labor control, occupational succession, and the
development of the "island civilization commonwealth. "
[M 785]

406. _____________. "Attitudes Toward Interracial Marriage in Kona,

Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 4(1938):79-83. UHH

Questionnaires were administered to 500 intermediate and

high school students in a predominantly Japanese community
to measure attitudes toward the various ethnic groups.
[R 357]

407. ____________ . "The Changing Japanese in Hawaii. " Social

Process in Hawaii 4(1938): 37-40. UHH

Analyzes Japanese population trends, adjustment and assimi­

lation and changes in social and economic status. [M 605]

408. ____________ . "Assimilation in Rural Hawaii. " American

Journal of Sociology 45(1939):200-214. UHL

A study of assimilation of Japanese in Kona, Hawaii, mea­

sured by a shifting of tastes, declining influence of
Japanese institutions, and reorganization of personality in
accord with American standards and ideals. [M 604]

409. ____________ . The Japanese in Hawaii Under War Conditions.

Institute of Pacific Relations, American Council Paper No. 5.
Honolulu, 1943. 41 pp. UHH-HSPA

Description and analysis of the condition of Hawaii's

Japanese population during the war; discusses their economic
and social status, morale, alleged sabotage, detention and
evacuation. [M 500]

410. ____________ . Hawaii's Japanese: An Experiment in Democracy.

Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946. 264 pp. UHH

91
411-415 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A sociological report, viewing the situation of the Japanese

people in Hawaii during the war as a social experiment in the
functioning of American democracy and in the assimilation of
alien people. Primarily based on information derived from
some eighty University of Hawaii students. See entry 152.
[M 499]

411. Lind, Andrew W. Japanese L anguage School, 1948. Hawaii Social

Research Laboratory Report No. 15. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii, 1948. 15 pp. UHH

A report on the revived educational activities of Japanese

in postwar Hawaii. [M 607]

412. . "Kona— Haven of Peoples. " Social Process in

Hawaii 13(1949):66-79. UHH

A description of the historical development of Kona, with

emphasis on the economic activities of its population, more
than half of whom (about 4, 000) are Japanese. [M 830]

413. . "The Changing Position of Domestic Service in

Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 15(1951): 71-87. UHH

An attempt to trace major transformations in the social

structure of Hawaii through the shifting experiences of
domestic workers, mainly Japanese. Based primarily on
University of Hawaii students’ reports of personal experi­
ences as domestic workers. [M 606]

414. . Hawaii's People. Honolulu: University of

Hawaii Press, 1955. 116 pp. 2nd ed. 1957, 1961; 3rd ed.
1967. 121 pp. UHL-UHH-JARCL

A statistical study of Hawaii’s peoples, updating Adams'

The Peoples of Hawaii (entry 8). Discusses the racial, sex,
and age composition of the population of Hawaii through
history, their residences, occupations, education, citizen­
ship, political participation, and vital statistics. [M 784]

415. . "Racial Bloc Voting in Hawaii. " Social Process

in Hawaii 21(1957):16-19. UHH

92
BIBLIOGRAPHY 416-419

A statement prepared for the Hawaii Statehood Commission,

making clear that the Oriental peoples in Hawaii, though
constituting more than half the population, do not vote in
blocs or exercise political influence as ethnic groups.
Some statistics are presented. [M 832]

416. Lind, Andrew W. "Community Types in Hawaii. " Social Process

in Hawaii 23(1959):5— 19. UHH

A description of various community types that have developed

in Hawaii, including "Independent Farming Communities" like
the Japanese community in Kona (pp. 8-11) and the
"Plantation Communities" of ethnic groups, including the
Japanese (pp. 12-16). [M 828]

417. . "Interracial Marriage as Affecting Divorce in

_

Hawaii. " Sociology and Social Research 49(1964):17-26. UHL

Analyses of official records of marriage and divorce from

1958 to 1962 indicate that two ethnic groups with the
highest outmarriage rates (Hawaiians and Koreans) also have
the highest divorce rates; the Japanese, with the lowest
outmarriage rates, also have the lowest divorce rates.
However, among Hawaiians, Koreans, Puerto Ricans, Filipinos
and Caucasians, all with divorce rates above the national
average, divorce was significantly less among those who had
outmarried than among those who had inmarried. [R 376]

418. . "Indices of Integration Among Orientals in

_

Hawaii and in the U. S. Mainland. " Paper presented at the

Forty-first Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian Academy of Science,
Honolulu, November 19, 1965. UHH

Compares mean annual income, degree of participation in the

full range of occupations, and fertility ratio of Chinese,
Japanese and Filipinos. [R 377]

419. Linderfelt, Florence Margaret. "A Comparative Study of the

Rorschach Protocols of Japanese and Caucasian College Students. "
Master’s thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1949. 81
pp. UHH

A study of similarities and differences in personality

patterns of Hawaii-born Japanese and Mainland-born Caucasian

93
420-424 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

students, with the use of the Rorschach test. Personality

differences are attributed to cultural rather than ethnic
differences. [M 786]

420. "A Little Dual Citizenship History. " Paradise of the Pacific
50(1938):7. UHH

A comment on the 1916 and 1924 Japanese citizenship laws as

they relate to Hawaii’s Japanese. [M 711]

421. Littler, Robert M. C. "The Vote Cast by Various Races Living in

Hawaii. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, May 21-24, 1927, p. 1. UHL

A survey of the voting patterns of various races in Hawaii,

an objective analysis. [M 834]

422. Livesay, Thayne Miller. "Racial Comparisons in Performance on

the American Council Psychological Examination. " Journal of
Educational Psychology 27(1936):631-634. UHL

Analyzes differences in abilities of Japanese, Chinese,

part-Hawaiians and Caucasians at the University of Hawaii as
shown by performance on a standard college aptitude test.
[R 383]

423. L ivesay, Thayne Miller, and C. M. Louttit. "Reaction Time

Experiments With Certain Racial Groups. " Journal of Applied
Psychology 14(1930):557-565. UHL

Compares reaction time of Japanese, Chinese, Caucasians and

Hawaiians in Hawaii. [R 386]

424. Lohr, Jeffery Mark. "The Cross-Cultural Classical Conditioning

of Evaluative (Emotional) Word Meaning. " Master’s thesis
[Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1971. 85 pp. UHH

Native speakers of Cantonese, Japanese, and Korean were

exposed to the Sino-Tibetan language in a classical condi­
tioning paradigm to test the hypothesis that the classical
conditioning process is applicable cross-culturally to the
acquisition of evaluative word meaning. Results generally
confirmed the hypothesis.

94
BIBLIOGRAPHY 425-428

425. Louttit, C. M. "Racial Comparisons of Ability in Immediate

Recall of Logical and Nonsense Material. " Journal of Social
Psychology 2(1931): 205-215. UHL

The four tests used to measure ability in immediate recall

were Letter Square, Marble Statue, Auditory Memory Span
(digits), and Visual Memory Span (digits). The subjects
were 190 sixth grade students of whom 40 were Hawaiian and
50 each were drawn from Japanese, Chinese and Caucasian
groups, and a sample consisting of 150 university students
of similar racial backgrounds. Results showed no significant
differences in performance between racial groups. [R 388]

426. Lovinger, Paul W. "Isle Corporations and Their Officers,

Caucasians Outnumber All Others. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, May
15, 1968, p. A-l. UHL-JARCL

First article of a three-part series with a Star-Bulletin

survey of "officers in the 20 top independent commercial
corporations in the State. " The investigation revealed that
of the 20 leading companies, "the majority of officers in
every corporation but one are Caucasians. "

427. _____________. "Firms Seek Talented Non-Caucasians, Presidents

of Isle Corporations Say. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, May 16,
1968, p. A-l. UHL-JARCL

Second article of a three-part series dealing with a Star-

Bulletin survey of officers in corporations in Hawaii.
Results of interviews with executives and their interpreta­
tions of executive opportunities for non-whites in their
companies are presented.

428. ____________ . "No Executive Level Discrimination, Single

Complaint Probed and Rejected. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, May
17, 1968, p. A-l. UHL-JARCL

Last of a series of articles dealing with a Star-Bulletin

survey of officers in corporations in Hawaii. This article
dealt with labor department's Katsumu Tanimoto's comments on
the State's new fair-employment practices.

95
429-432 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

429. Low, Roger, Ann Morgan, Sharon Kaneshiro, Karen Marino, George
Noguchi, and Francene Exley. "Ethnic Identity Among High School
Adolescents. " Master’s thesis [Social Work], University of
Hawaii, 1972. 106 pp. UHH

The 230 subjects fourteen to eighteen years old, were tested

on the following variables: (1) self image, (2) ethnic
preferences, (3) pride in ethnic heritage, and (4) degree of
assimilation. Hawaiians were seen to hold the highest
degree of ethnic identity, Caucasians the lowest, while
Japanese and Chinese displayed no significant differences in
ethnic identity. Caucasian males had a lower ethnic iden­
tity quotient than Caucasian females.

430. Lum, Arlene. "Island Youngsters Mix It up Talking Race

Relations. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, October 30, 1969, p. E-l.
UHL-JARCL

Summary of students' comments while discussing racial con­

flict at a Pacific and Asian Affairs Council mass "rap"
session.

431. Lum, Doman. "Japanese Suicides in Honolulu 1958-1969. " Hawaii

Medical Journal 31(1972): 19-23. UHH

A preliminary study of ethnic and cultural factors in the

suicide pattern of Japanese in Honolulu based on state-wide
statistics from the Medical Examiner’s Office or the Police
Department of each county. Included are tables relating to
sex, age, vocation, birthplace, method of suicide, cause of
suicide and demographic patterns. Statistically speaking,
the "predominant profile [of Japanese suicides] tended to be
an older. . . male, born in Japan, who hangs himself. " The
conclusion is drawn that "the Japanese of Hawaii have unique
ethnological traits related to suicide method, life style
and narcissism in comparison to other racial groups. "

432. Lydecker, Robert C. "Brief History of the Introduction of

Foreign Laborers into the Hawaiian Islands. " Typescript.
Honolulu, 1910. 15 pp. AH

Brief prepared by an archivist for the Secretary of Hawaii,

reviewing the history of immigration into Hawaii, including
Japanese immigration. [M 787]

96
BIBLIOGRAPHY 433-436

433. Mackay, Margaret M. "Brother Enemy. " Asia and the Americans
52(1942): 196-197. UHL

Observations of the ordinary attitude and behavior of the

author’s gardener, an old Japanese man, during the war.
[M 712]

434. Mahlmann, (Capt.) John J. Reminiscences of an Ancient Mariner.

Yokohama, Japan: Japanese Gazette Printing Co., 1918. 240 pp.
UHH-AH

Memoirs of a former navigator, who was the captain of the

Yamashiro Maru which brought Japanese immigrants to Hawaii
in 1885. In Chapter 8, pp. 180-206, he recounts his voyage
to Hawaii with the Japanese and their temporary quarantine
before landing in Honolulu because of the discovery of
smallpox among them. [M 791]

435. Maretzki, Thomas, and Linda D. Nelson. "Psychopathology Among

Hawaii's Japanese: A Comparative Study. " In Mental Health
Research in Asia and the Pacific, edited by William Caudill and
Tsung-Yi Lin, pp. 164-177. Honolulu: East-West Center Press,
1969. UHL

Research on the "cross-cultural comparability" of psycho­

pathology was conducted employing data from surveys and
interviews of 190 patients of Japanese ancestry. The re­
sults indicate (1) that "acculturation of immigrants may
result in a gradual shift of personality patterns. . .
reflected in psychopathology, " (2) that "Japanese immigrants
represent an intermediate position between representatives
of the culture of their ancestors and those of the host
country, " (3) that "generational differences are meaningful
for comparative purposes, " and (4) that "generation, as a
variable, tends to discriminate even more than sex does. "

436. Marsella, Anthony J., Elaine Barker, and Frank Johnson.

"Personality Correlates of Depressive Disorders in Female
College Students of Different Ethnic Groups. " International
Journal of Social Psychiatry 19(1973): 77-82. UHL

Investigates the relationship between depressive disorders

and real-ideal self-concept discrepancy among female college
students of Japanese-American, Chinese-American, and
European-American ancestry. Results indicate a strong

97
437-439 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

positive relationship between depressive disorders and

self-concept ancestry discrepancy for Chinese-American and
European-American samples but not for Japanese-American
samples.

437. Marsella, Anthony J., and Charles Golden. "The Structure of

Cognitive Abilities in Americans of Japanese Ancestry and
European Ancestry. " Unpublished manuscript. UHH

Compares the structure of cognitive abilities in Japanese-

American and European-American college students via a factor
analysis of twenty measures of cognitive ability. Results
indicate a different structure of cognitive abilities for
the two groups although basic levels of performance are
quite similar. These results suggest that the different
groups may use different skills for solving the same prob­
lems. The need for adapting educational training to ethno­
cultural variations in cognitive ability is discussed.

438. ____________ , Frank Johnson, and Colleen Johnson. "Social and

Psychological Aspects of Verbal Behavior in Japanese-Americans. "
American Journal of Psychiatry 131(1974):580-581. UHL

Discusses the verbal behavior patterns of Japanese-Americans

residing in Hawaii in terms of four cultural themes of
Meiji-era Japan: (1) a strong sense of gender differences;
(2) a concern for hierarchy and status; (3) an emphasis on
self-effacement; and (4) a focus on non-verbal forms of
communication. These themes influence the patterns of
verbal behavior among Japanese-Americans in Hawaii and are
sources of frequent misinterpretation among European-
Americans unfamiliar with the Japanese-American culture of
origin.

439. , David Kinzie, and Paul Gordon. "Ethnic

Variations in the Expression of Depression. ” Journal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology 4(1973):435-458. UHL

Examines the expression of depression among samples of

Chinese-American, European-American, and Japanese-American
college students evidencing clinical levels of depression as
determined by the Zung Depression Scale. Subjects were
administered a depression symptom checklist and the results
were factor analyzed. The samples were found to be different

98
BIBLIOGRAPHY 440-442

with respect to the functional dimensions of depression

expressed by the analysis. In general, existential symptoms
dominate the patterns of the Japanese and Europeans while
somatic symptoms characterize the Chinese. In addition,
both Oriental groups evidence a cognitive pattern and the
Japanese show an interpersonal pattern.

440. Marsella, Anthony J., David Kinzie, and Paul Gordon. "Patterns
of Depression in Americans of Japanese, Chinese, and European
Ancestry. " In Culture-bound Syndromes, Ethnopsychiatry, and
Alternate Therapies, Vol. IV of Mental Health Research in Asia
and the Pacific, edited by William P. Lebra. Honolulu:
University Press of Hawaii (forthcoming).

Similar to entry 439, but provides additional data in the

form of more elaborate tables and literature review.

441. _____________, Michael Murray, and Charles Golden. "Ethnic

Variations in the Phenomenology of Emotions: I. Shame.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, in press.

Explores variations in the connotative meaning of the con­

cept "shame" among college students of Chinese, Japanese,
and Caucasian ancestry attending the University of Hawaii.
Methodology involves the use of the semantic differential.
Discussion stresses the need for understanding ethnic dif­
ferences in the phenomenology of emotions, because of its
importance for psychotherapy and other forms of therapeutic
intervention. The literature on cross-cultural studies of
emotion is reviewed.

442. _____________, and Janet Sall. "A Comparison of the Connotative

Meaning of the 'Ideal' Method of Fertility Regulation in
Japanese-American and European-American College Students. "
Unpublished manuscript. UHH

Examines the connotative meaning of the "ideal" method of

fertility regulation in two different ethno-cultural groups
via a factor analysis of a thirty-item subject generated
semantic differential questionnaire. Results indicate
different connotative meanings in the "ideal" method of
fertility regulation as a function of ethno-cultural and
gender differences. Of special interest is the strong
emphasis upon the moral dimension for Japanese-American
females.

99
443-447 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

443. Marsella, Anthony J . , Kenneth Sanborn, Velma Kameoka, Lanette

Shizuru, and Jerry Brennan. "Cross Validation of Self-Report
Measures of Depression in Normal Populations of Japanese,
Chinese, and Caucasian Ancestry. " Journal of Clinical
Psychology, in press.

Examines the relationship among five different self-report

measures of depression for samples of Chinese, Japanese, and
Caucasian Americans attending the University of Hawaii.
Results indicate that the different measures are influenced
by ethnic and gender variables.

444. Marshall, Emily L. "A Study of the Achievement of Chinese and

Japanese Children in the Public Schools of Honolulu. " Master’s
thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1927. 72 pp. UHH

Compares achievement in performance on the Stanford

Achievement Test of 716 Chinese and 730 Japanese students
ranging in age from nine to sixteen. Differences in
achievement scores were negligible. [R 400]

445. Martin, Glenn Michael. "Effects of Sex and Group Ethnic

Composition Upon Group Problem Solving. " Master’s thesis
[Speech Communication], University of Hawaii, 1971. 41 pp. UHH

The Personal Enrichment Program (PEP) was administered to

forty-eight fifth grade students to test the null hypothesis
that sex, ethnicity and problem solving ability are not
significantly related. The hypothesis was not uniformly
substantiated by the data; and it was generally concluded
that "local" subjects, as a group, scored consistently and
significantly higher on the PEP than did the "non-local"
subjects.

446. Marumoto, Masaji. "Fifty Years After. " Mid-Pacific Magazine

48(1935):89-90. UHH

A talk before the Pan-Pacific Club of Honolulu on February

11, 1935, noting the progress of the Japanese people in
Hawaii during the fifty years since their first arrival as
contract laborers. [M 713]

447. Maruyama, Roland. "Warrior Spirit Still Strong in Colorful Dr.

Kondo. " Hawaii Herald, April 15, 1969, p. 2. HH-JARCL

100
BIBLIOGRAPHY 448-452

Highlights in the life of Dr. Kikujiro Kondo are recounted.

Short biographical sketch is included.

448. Maruyama, Roland. "Kuakini Strives for Excellence Aiming for

182 Beds. " Hawaii Herald, May 8, 1969, p. 1. HH-JARCL

Article on the expansion and modernization of Kuakini

Hospital. Short history of the origin of the hospital is
included.

449. Maruyama, S. "Will the Island-Born Citizens of Japanese

Ancestry Control Hawaii? " Honolulu Mercury 1(1929):26-32. UHH

A discussion of the question of the loyalty of the Americans

of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii, stressing the unlikeliness
of their dominating the Hawaiian scene. [M 714]

450. Masuda, Ruth N. "The Japanese Tanomoshi. " Social Process in

Hawaii 3(1937):16-19. UHL

A description of the Japanese mutual loan and assistance

system prevalent among issei Japanese. [M 609]

451. Masuoka, Jitsuichi. "Race Attitudes of the Japanese People in

Hawaii: A Study in Social Distance. " Master’s thesis
[Sociology], University of Hawaii,1931. 234 pp. UHH

A statistical (quantitative) case study of the social dis­

tance of issei and nisei from each of the ten ethnic groups
in Hawaii, to find causal factors in their attitudes toward
those various races. See entry 580. [M 502]

452. ____________ . "Race Preference in Hawaii. " American Journal

of Sociology 41(1936): 635-641. UHL

A study of race preference of Japanese in Hawaii, among

Hawaii’s eleven racial groups, showing that preference
depends not on physiognomy but on socio-economic status.
[M 615]

101
453-458 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

453. Masuoka, Jitsuichi. "The Changing Moral Basis of the Japanese

Family in Hawaii. " Sociology and Social Research 21(1936):158-
169. UHL

A review of the Japanese family as a social institution and

a discussion of factors involved in its transformation in
Hawaii. [M 611]

454. _____________. "A Sociological Study of the Standard of

Living. " Social Forces 15(1936-1937):262-267. UHL

Examines the changing economic values and the rising stan­

dard of living among immigrants in Hawaii, particularly the
Japanese. [R 405]

455. _____________. "The Japanese Patriarch in Hawaii. " Social

Forces 17(1938): 240-248. UHL

A study of the typical Japanese family in Japan and its

modification in Hawaii, with special reference to the role
of the father. [M 613]

456. _____________. "The Structure of the Japanese Family in Hawaii. "

American Journal of Sociology 46(1940):168-178. UHL

A study of types and factors of structural changes in the

Japanese family in Hawaii. [M 616]

457. _____________. "The Life Cycle of an Immigrant Institution in

Hawaii: the Family. " Social Forces 23(1944):60-64. UHL

A description and analysis of the process of institutional

transition in the Japanese family as it is transplanted in
Hawaii, with different economic, cultural and moral condi­
tions. [M 614]

458. ____________ . "Changing Food Habits of the Japanese in Hawaii. "

American Sociological Review 10(1945): 759-765. UHL

A study of eating habits of 100 selected Japanese households

in three plantation camps on Maui, to judge the decline of
Japanese institutional influences. [M 610]

102
BIBLIOGRAPHY 459-462

459. Masuoka, Jitsuichi. "The Changing Standards of Living: A

Study in Acculturation. " Social Forces 26(1947): 181-189. UHL

Depicts attitudes and values influencing the standards and

levels of living of one hundred Japanese-American families
constituting 40 percent of the total population of three
plantation camps on Maui. Presents data on rates of income,
sources of income, deficit and surplus and patterns of
consumption. [M 612; R 409]

460. Matsuda, Mitsugu. The Japanese in Hawaii, 1868-1967:A

Bibliography of the First Hundred Years. Social Science
Research Institute, Hawaii Series No. 1. Honolulu: University
of Hawaii, 1968. 222 pp. Text in English and Japanese.
UHH-UHL-JARCL

A comprehensive annotated bibliography on works relating to

the Japanese in Hawaii; 883 entries— 378 in Japanese, 505 in
English.

461. Matsumoto, Gary M . , Gerald M. Meredith, and Minoru Masuda.

"Ethnic Identification: Honolulu and Seattle Japanese-
Americans. " Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 1(1970):63-
76. UHL

"A quantitative investigation of the ethnic identification

of three generations of Honolulu Japanese-Americans in
Seattle. . . " The instrument of measurement was the Ethnic
Identity Questionnaire (Masuda, et al. ) developed by the
authors. Conclusions drawn were: (1) there is successive
generational erosion of ethnic identification from the issei
to the sansei and (2) that all three generations of Honolulu
Japanese-Americans exhibited lower ethnic identification
than did the corresponding generations in Seattle.

462. "Matsunaga Advises U. S. Buddhists. " Sunday Star-Bulletin and

Advertiser , October 26, 1969, p. A-8. UHL-JARCL

Summary of a speech prepared for delivery by U. S.

Representative Spark Matsunaga to a conference of the
Southern District Council of the Buddhist Churches of
America.

103
463-467 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

463. Matsunaga, Spark M. "They Made a Gift of Greatness. " Sunday

Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-12. UHL-JARCL

Article written on the commemoration of the 100th anniver­

sary of the arrival of the first immigrants to Hawaii from
Japan. Touches upon their contributions "to the greatness
of the United States through their energies and talents. "

464. "Matsunaga Sponsors Bill to Repeal Detention Act. " Hawaii

Herald, June 19, 1969, p. 6. HH-JARCL

Article dealing with Representative Spark M. Matsunaga’s

efforts to have Title II of the Internal Security Act of
1952 repealed.

465. Matsuura, Patsy. "Sentaro Ishii. . . ’Grand Old Man of

Hawaii. ’" Sunday Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, May 5, 1968, p.
C-8. UHL-JARCL

Story of an early immigrant to Hawaii, Sentaro Ishii, re­

lated by his granddaughter Mrs. Norman L. Mokuai. Sentaro
arrived in 1866 on a whaling ship at Lahaina, Maui, married
a wealthy Hawaiian woman, had four children, and died at the
age of 102 in 1936.

466. _____________. "Tetsuo Toyama Came a Long Way. " Sunday Star-
Bulletin and Advertiser, June 9, 1968, p. C-6. UHL-JARCL

Brief reminiscenses of eighty-six year-old Toyama— from his

immigration experience as a sugarcane worker, cook, "furo
boss, " fisherman, and salesman to his life as editor and
author.

467. ____________ . "Language Schools on Shaky Ground. " Sunday

Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, September 12, 1971, p. C-l.
UHL-JARCL

Comments on the displacement of the educational role of the

Japanese language schools by a "day care center" attitude on
the part of parents and adecline in academic interest on
the part of students.

104
BIBLIOGRAPHY 468-471

468. Maykovich, Minako K. Japanese American Identity Dilemma.

Tokyo: Waseda University Press, 1972. 151 pp. UHL

A socio-psychological study of the identity crisis of con­

temporary Japanese Americans. Part I deals with the histor­
ical antecedents of the label "Quiet American"; Part II,
primarily with the sansei’s search for a new identity, and
with elements of his social and political radicalization.
The principal thesis of the book is that while third-
generation Japanese Americans "have not had time to develop
an ethnic identity of which they can be proud. . . , in
time the sansei or the succeeding yonsei (fourth generation)
can expect to establish a new identity as a social group
which transmits the spirit of Japan to a democratic multi­
ethnic American society. "

469. Mayo, Donald Sherwood. "Island Profile: Yasutaro Soga. "

Paradise of the Pacific 69(1957):26. UHH

A personal sketch of the late president-editor of the Hawaii

Times and an important community leader in Hawaii. [M 715]

470. McAleenan, Michael, and Milton Bloombaum. "Educational

Achievement and Aspiration in Hawaii. " Paper presented at the
Annual Meeting of the Pacific Sociological Association,
Anaheim, California, April, 1970. UHH

A questionnaire designed to test for educational achievement,

ethnic identification and affiliation, aspiration level,
social reinforcement for academic achievement, and dependence
on pidgin English was administered to 165 eighth grade
Japanese, Chinese, Caucasian and Hawaiian girls. Correla­
tions are drawn between the above variables. Discussion
follows.

471. McClannahan, B. J., J. A. Mitchel, and H. E, Milliken.

"Carcinoma of the Stomach in Hawaii. " Hawaii Medical Journal 8
(1948):32-33. UHH

Of a total of 121 cases of proved lesions seen at the

Queen’s Hospital from January 1947 through July 1948, there
were fifty-two cases of gastric carcinoma, of which 48
percent occurred in Japanese patients. [R 417]

105
472-476 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

472. McClatchy, Valentine Stuart. Assimilation of Japanese: Can

They Be Moulded into American Citizens? Sacramento: J.
McClatchy and Co., 1921. 19 pp. UHH

Remarks about the nonassimilability of the Japanese, by the

leader of the anti-Japanese movement on the Mainland, in a
speech before the Honolulu Rotary Club, October 27, 1921.
[M 501]

473. . Japanese Immigration and Colonization, 3rd ed.

Sacramento: Sacramento Bee, 1921. 108 pp. HSPA

Brief prepared for consideration by the U. S. State

Department. It deals primarily with Japanese immigration to
the Pacific Coast but relates also to Hawaii. [M 789]

474. . Guarding the Immigration Gates, What Has Been

Done, What is Still to Be Done. San Francisco, 1925. 21 pp. HSPA

An address by the most vocal anti-Oriental citizen of

California, at the State Convention of the American Legion
in Catalina, California, on September 15, 1925, expressing
his view on Oriental, especially Japanese, immigration.
[M 788]

475. McMichael, Robert E., and Robert E. Grinder. "Guilt and

Resistance to Temptation in Japanese- and White-Americans."
Journal of Social Psychology 64(1964): 217-223. UHL

An extension of previous cross-cultural research on con­

science development. Seventh grade students, of whom
fifteen were Japanese-Americans and eight were Caucasian-
Americans, were tested to compare resistance to temptation
before transgression and responses of guilt after trans­
gression. There was no significant difference in the
responses of the two groups. [R 420]

476. McWilliams, Carey. What About Our Japanese-Americans? Public

Affairs Pamphlet 91. New York: Public Affairs Committee,
1944. 31 pp. HSPA

A sympathetic account of the treatment received by Japanese-

Americans primarily on the Mainland and their contributions
to the United States during the war. [M 790]

106
BIBLIOGRAPHY 477-480

477. Melendy, H. Brett. The Oriental Americans. New York:

Hippocrene Books, Inc., 1972. 235 pp. UHH

A historical survey of Chinese and Japanese immigration to

Hawaii and Mainland U. S.A. and a summary of Chinese-American
and Japanese-American contributions to American society.
Chapters 7-12 concern Japanese-Americans specifically,
focusing on the experience of Japanese-Americans primarily
in California and Hawaii. Tables consisting of immigration
and population statistics are included in the appendix.

478. Meredith, Gerald M. "Personality Correlates of Pidgin English

Usage Among Japanese-American College Students in Hawaii. "
Japanese Psychological Research 6(1964):176-183. UHA

The Cattell 16 P. F. Questionnaire was used to compare the

personality characteristics of seventy-nine Japanese-
Americans attending a remedial speech course because of
severe pidgin English usage, sixty Caucasian-Americans and a
control group of seventy-five third-generation Japanese-
Americans. Both first- and second-order factors in the
personality sphere differentiated the groups and findings
were discussed in terms of the operation of physiological,
educational and sociocultural variables. [R 423]

479. ____________ . "Observations on the Acculturation of Sansei

Japanese-Americans in Hawaii. " Psychologia 8(1965):41-49. UHA

Factors felt to influence the nature of the relationship

between acculturation and personality structure of Japanese-
Americans include the geographic isolation of Hawaii, as­
pects of early socialization, leadership and social
participation, peer expectations, exposure to a variety of
languages, constitutional determinants and the Japanese
dependency orientation of a mae. [R 424]

480. ____________ . "Amae and Acculturation Among Japanese-American

College Students in Hawaii. " Journal of Social Psychology 70
(1966):171-180. UHL

Personality characteristics of 154 nisei Japanese-American

and 140 Caucasian-American students were measured by the
Cattell 16 P.F. Questionnaire. An analysis of the results
indicate the Japanese-Americans "appear more introverted,
more anxious, closer in proximity to clinically-diagnosed

107
481-483 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

neurotics, and lower in leadership potential than Caucasians.

There is a striking parallel between the introversion-
linked-with-anxiety pattern of the sansei and D o i ’s theory
of amae. The pattern was interpreted as a typically
Japanese mode of "coming to terms" with the social environ­
ment. Several factors, including early socialization and
peer group expectations, that relate to the maintenance of
this pattern were discussed. [R 425]

481. Meredith, Gerald M. "Ethnic Identity Scale: A Study of

Transgenerational Communication Patterns. " Pacific Speech
Quarterly 2(1967): 63—67. UHH

A comparison of personality factors of Caucasian and third-

generation Japanese-American college students in Hawaii
indicates a tendency toward introversion-linked-with-anxiety
among Japanese-Americans. This is felt to be related to the
traditional Japanese dependency orientation of amae. In
Part II of this article (Pacific Speech Quarterly 2:57-65)
the Ethnic Identity Scale was administered to Japanese-
Americans in Seattle. Provides interesting comparison with
similar data on Japanese-Americans in Hawaii. [R 426]

482. ____________ . "Acculturation and Personality Among Japanese-

American College Students in Hawaii. " Ph. D. dissertation
[Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1969. 97 pp. UHH

Sex and personality trait differences were the subjects of

four studies comparing sansei and Caucasian-American stu­
dents at the University of Hawaii. Measuring instruments
were the 16 P. F. Questionnaire and the Attitude-Interest
Analysis M-F Test. Differences in introversion-extroversion,
sex role orientation, anxiety level, and language usage,
were among the factors explored.

483. ____________ . "Sex Temperament Among Japanese-American College

Students in Hawaii. " Journal of Social Psychology 77(1969):
149-156. UHL

An investigation of the "sex temperament of Japanese-

American college students in Hawaii, and [a comparison of]
this group with Caucasians and students of Chinese ancestry.
The Attitude-Interest Analysis (M-F) Test was administered
to a sample of 203 subjects, and the results analyzed for
sex and ethnicity differences. Few differences were found

108
BIBLIOGRAPHY 484-487

between the male groups, although Caucasians scored in the

most ’masculine' direction. . . Japanese-Americans (females)
scored highest in the feminine direction, followed closely
by Chinese-Americans. The difference between the M-F scores
of Caucasians and each Oriental group was statistically
significant. The findings are discussed with reference to
’exploitative, ’ and accommodative sex-role strategies, and
to the local distinction between ’Meiji-type’ and ’haole
type’ females among the Japanese-Americans. "

484. Meredith, Gerald M . , and Connie G.W. Meredith. "Acculturation

and Personality Among Japanese-American College Students in
Hawaii. " Journal of Social Psychology 68(1966):175-182. UHL

A study of personality patterns of sansei Japanese compared

with those of Caucasian-Americans, using the Sixteen
Personality Factor Questionnaire. Details of this study are
covered in Gerald M. Meredith’s Ph. D. dissertation. [M 617;
R 429]

485. Michener, James A. Hawaii. New York: Random House, 1959.

937 pp. UHH-UHL-JARCL

Fictional history of Hawaii’s peoples by a famous novelist.

Chapter 5, "From the Inland Sea, " is the story of the
Japanese centering on the life history of a man from
Hiroshima Prefecture. Gives an interesting sidelight on
Japanese experiences in Hawaii. [M 792]

486. Midkiff, Frank Elbert. "The Economic Determinants of Education

in Hawaii. " Ph. D. dissertation [Economics], Yale University,
1935. 429 pp. UHH

A description of the economic and social status of Hawaii's

peoples and the correlation of economic and social relation­
ships, to determine the functions and effectiveness of
education as a factor of social change. Scattered refer­
ences to the Japanese throughout. [M 793]

487. Miki, Margaret. "Mother and Her Temple. " Social Process in
Hawaii 12(1948):18-22. UHH

A commentary on the vital functions a Buddhist temple per­

forms for elderly Japanese people in Hawaii, and the feeling

109
488-491 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

of insecurity that accompanied their closing during World

War II. [M 618; R 433]

488. Miller, Carey Dunlap. Japanese Foods Commonly Used in Hawaii.

Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 68.
Honolulu, 1933. 41 pp. UHH

A pamphlet introducing a variety of Japanese foods in

Hawaii, for the benefit of school teachers, dieticians,
extension workers, and the interested public. [M 503]

489. _____________. A Study of the Dietary and Money Value of 44

Japanese Families in Hawaii. University of Hawaii Bulletin,
Vol. 18, No. 2. Honolulu, 1938. 27 pp. UHH

A study of the dietary and consumer habits of thirty-six

urban (Honolulu) families and eight rural (Big Island)
families. [M 504]

490. _____________. "Some Aspects of Growth and Food Needs. " Paper
presented at the Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian Academy of
Science, Honolulu, April 29, 1944. UHH

Compares the growth rates of Japanese, Japanese-American and

Caucasian-American high school and college girls and their
mothers, emphasizing the increasing rate of growth of the
Japanese-Americans, which is attributed to increase in the
amount of animal protein in the diet. Dietary deficiencies
resulting in an increasing rate of dental caries and "short
and/or crooked legs" are also discussed. [R 435]

491. _____________. "Stature and Build of Hawaii-Born Youth of

Japanese Ancestry. " American Journal of Physical Anthropology
19(1961): 159-171. UHH-UHL

A survey of the physical measurements and dietary habits of

208 University of Hawaii students of Japanese ancestry and
163 of their parents, to prove the common notion that an
increase in height occurs in younger generations. [M 619]

110
BIBLIOGRAPHY 492-496

492. Miller, Carey Dunlap, and Francis G. Benedict. Basal Metabolism

of Normal Young Men and Women of Various Races in Hawaii and
Basal Metabolism of Samoan Men. University of Hawaii Research
Publications No. 15. Honolulu, 1937. 71 pp. UHH

The basal metabolism of 258 subjects representing

Caucasians, Chinese, Hawaiians, Japanese and Koreans in
Hawaii was measured. Physical characteristics of subjects
are presented in tabular form. [R 437]

493. _____________, A. C. Bickerton, and G. L. Parke. "Dental Caries

in 205 Students of Japanese Ancestry at the University of
Hawaii. " Hawaii Medical Journal 11(1952):216-220. UHH

A study of the incidence of dental caries among Americans of

Japanese ancestry compared with other ethnic groups in
Hawaii, showing a high rate of dental caries among them.
[M 620]

494. Mitamura, Machiyo. "Life on a Hawaiian Plantation: An

Interview. " Social Process in Hawaii 6(1940):50-58. UHH

An interview with a nisei Japanese, born and raised on a

plantation, who expresses his despair at being tied to life
on the plantation under pressure of family ties and old
customs and traditions. [M 621]

495. Miyamoto, Kazuo. Hawaii: End of the Rainbow. Tokyo: Charles

E. Tuttle, 1964. 509 pp. UHH-JARCL

An autobiographical novel written by a local nisei physician

based upon his personal experiences in Hawaii and in Mainland
relocation camps. [M 505]

496. Miyamoto, Shichiro. "A Study of the Japanese Language Ability

of Second and Third Generation Japanese Children in a Honolulu
Language School. " Master’s thesis [Education], University of
Hawaii, 1937. 113 pp. UHH

A comparative study of the Japanese language ability of

nisei and sansei children to determine the direction of
change in Japanese language in Hawaii. The subjects were

111
497-501 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

first through twelfth graders at McCully Japanese Language

School, with middle-class family backgrounds. [M 506]

497. Miyasaki, Gail. "Japanese Language Schools in Crisis. " Hawaii

Herald , June 8, 1972, p. 4. HH-JARCL

Brief history of Japanese language schools in Hawaii and the

present declining interest among students and parents in
learning the Japanese language.

498. Mizuta, Iwao. "Changing Attitudes Towards the Japanese

Language in Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 4(1938):28-36. UHH

Observations of changing attitudes among Americans of

Japanese ancestry toward usage of the Japanese language in
Hawaii. [M 622]

499. Monahan, Thomas P. "Interracial Marriage and Divorce in the

State of Hawaii. " Eugenics Quarterly 13(1966):40-47. UHL

Presents published statistics on interracial marriage and

divorce among the various ethnic groups from 1956 to 1962.
[R 443]

500. Monsen, Marie A. "Familism and Communication Patterns. "

Master’s thesis [Sociology], University of Hawaii, 1963. 102
pp. UHH

Defines the components of the concept of familism and the

structure of the family in Hawaii. Among the Japanese and
Chinese in Hawaii the family is defined as patriarchal with
the mother's role being that of the "expressive superior, "
while the father is the "instrumental superior. " It is
concluded, however, that the line of demarcation between the
two is becoming increasingly hazy with the emergence of an
equalitarian family structure. [R 445]

501. Morimoto, Patricia Toshie. "The Hawaiian Dialect of English—

An Aspect of Communication During the Second World War. "
Master’s thesis [Speech], University of Hawaii, 1966. 157 pp. UHH

A description of the use of the Hawaiian non-standard dia­

lect of English by members of the 442nd Combat Team during

112
BIBLIOGRAPHY 502-505

the war and an analysis of their disposition to prefer the

use of such a speech pattern in combat situations. Based on
extensive personal interviews, exchange of letters, public
documents, and other materials relating to nisei soldiers.
[M 507]

502. Morimoto, Shizuko. "A Study of Oral English Usage Among Pupils
of Japanese Ancestry Attending Public Schools in Hawaii. "
Master’s thesis [Education], University of Hawaii, 1938. 67
pp. UHH

A study of the progress in mastering oral English made by

school children of Japanese ancestry in the first through
eighth grades in Honolulu and rural public schools, focusing
on frequency of errors based on sex and geographic areas,
types of most frequent errors, and comparison with non-
Japanese children. [M 508]

503. Moroi, Rokuro. "Americanizing the Japanese in Hawaii. " Mid-

Pacific Magazine 16(1918): 345-347. UHH

Remarks by the Japanese Consul General about the significant

role Americans of Japanese ancestry can play in American-
Japanese relations. [M 716]

504. Morton, Newton E . , Chin S. Chung, and Ming-Pi Mi. "Genetics of

Interracial Crosses in Hawaii. " In Monographs in Human
Genetics, vol. 3, edited by L. Beckman and M. Hauge. Basal,
Switzerland: S. Karger AG, 1967. 153 pp. UHL

Gives sociological and physical characteristics and reports

birth defects and mortality rates of 179, 327 subjects born
in Hawaii during the period 1948 to 1958. [R 449]

505. Mulholland, John F. Hawaii’s Religions. Tokyo: Charles E.

Tuttle, 1970. 344 pp. UHH

A broad survey of the religions of Hawaii, describing the

inception, development and influence of several dozen faiths
including the various sects of Japanese Buddhism and the
"new religions" of Japan.

113
506-510 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

506. Murphy, Thomas D. Ambassadors in Arms: The Story of Hawaii's

100th Battalion. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1954.
316 p p . UHH-JARCL

An account of the background, organization, activities, and

achievements of the 100th Battalion, which was composed of
Americans of Japanese ancestry from Hawaii. [M 509]

507. Nagara, Susumu. "A Bilingual Description of Some Linguistic

Features of Pidgin English Used by Japanese Immigrants on the
Plantations of Hawaii: A Case Study in Bilingualism. " Ph. D.
dissertation [Linguistics], University of Wisconsin, 1969. 571
pp. UHH

Investigation of linguistic interference as reflected in the

pidgin speech of the Japanese immigrants in Hawaii. Appen­
dices provide a history of language contacts of the
Polynesians and the many different immigrant groups, a table
of the number of speakers of Japanese dialects in Hawaii in
1924 and 1960 and a list of the names of informants.

508. Nagasawa, Arthur. "The Government of Hawaii From Annexation to

1908: Major Problems and Developments. " Ph.D. dissertation
[Modern History], University of Denver, 1968. 326 pp. UHL

A broad analysis of major problems in Hawaiian history from

1898 to 1908 including problems of government, race, assimi­
lation, immigration, and economics. Scattered references to
Japanese immigrant laborers throughout.

509. Nagoshi, Kunia, and Charles Nishimura. "Some Observations

Regarding Haole-Japanese Marriages in Hawaii. " Social Process
in Hawaii 18(1954):57-65. UHH

Excerpts from interviews with seven women of Japanese ances­

try, two of the husbands, siblings, friends and a parent
reflect attitudes toward interracial marriage. Stresses the
opposition of the Japanese families to the marriages.
[M 623; R 453]

510. Nakahata, Yutaka and Ralph Toyota. "Varsity Victory

Volunteers: A Social Movement. " Social Process in Hawaii 8
(1943):29-35. UHH

114
BIBLIOGRAPHY 511-514

A brief description of the organization and activities of a

war service organization composed mainly of University of
Hawaii students of Japanese ancestry who were refused admit­
tance into the U. S. Armed Forces in the early years of the
Second World War and who offered their services to the
military as a labor battalion. [M 624; R 455]

511. Nakamura, Keijiro. "Hawaiian Annexation from a Japanese Point

of View. " Arena 18(1897):834-839. UHH

A Japanese in Japan laments the American annexation of

Hawaii without consultation with Japan. [M 717]

512. Nakashima, Christine A. "Authoritarianism and the Need for

Approval in Nisei and Sansei: A Comparative Study. " B.A.
Honors thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1969. 68 pp. UHC

Thirty-five female and fifteen male third-generation

University of Hawaii students and their parents were mea­
sured for authoritarianism on the California F Scale and for
"need for approval" on the Crowne Marlowe Social Desirability
Scale; a questionnaire was also devised for "home environ­
ment" information. The hypotheses that parents score higher
on the F scale than children; that males score higher on the
F scale than females; that parents’ F and SD scores are
positively correlated; and that there is a higher correlation
between parents’ F and SD score than between the offsprings’
are generally substantiated.

513. Nakashima, Yoshito. "Dual Citizenship and the Question of

Statehood of Hawaii. " Scholastic 38(1941):11, 16. UHL

Open message to the American public from an American of

Japanese ancestry, pointing out the efforts that dual­
citizen Japanese in Hawaii are making to prepare for
statehood. [M 718]

514. "Namie Yamamoto, A Kibei. " Social Process in Hawaii 14(1950):

11-13. UHH

An account of the effects of Japanese society on a Hawaii-

born girl of Japanese ancestry while in Japan and of the
difficulties in social adjustment she encountered after
returning to Hawaii. [M 625]

115
515-519 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

515. New Americans Conference. Proceedings. 15 vols. Honolulu,

1927-1941. UHH

Reports of the proceedings of annual New Americans

Conferences, initiated by Rev. Okumura Takie of Makiki
Christian Church to help Americans of Japanese ancestry in
their efforts toward assimilation in American society.
[M 511]

516. "1917: Enter Politics— And AJA Voters. " Sunday Star -Bulletin
and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-13. UHL-JARCL

Brief history of the Hawaii Japanese-Americans in politics

from 1917 through the 1940s.

517. Nishimura, Joyce. "The Adjustments of a Young Immigrant. "

Social Process in Hawaii 22(1958): 33-35. UHH

Story of the adjustment problems in Hawaii of a Japan-born

girl of a Japanese father and Hawaii-born nisei mother, who
came to Hawaii at the age of ten. [M 626]

518. Norbeck, Edward. Pineapple Town, Hawaii. Berkeley:

University of California Press, 1959. 159 pp. UHH

Describes the cultural institutions and social relationships

of a pineapple plantation community on Molokai. The occupa­
tional and social mobility of Japanese, Filipinos and
Caucasians is discussed as well as their inter- and intra­
group relationships. Some attention is given to marriage
patterns and preferences of Japanese and Filipinos. [R 459]

519. Noyes, Theodore W. War of the Metals. Washingtoniana.

Mexico, Hawaii and Japan. Washington: T. W. Cadick, 1899.
151 pp. UHL

A book of three separate parts, written by the president of

the Washington Board of Trade. In Part III are chapters on
"Japan and Hawaii, " pp. 126-141, and "Hawaii's Crisis, " pp.
142-151, recording the author's interviews with Japanese
Foreign Minister Okuma Shigenobu and Minister to Hawaii
Shimamura Hisashi about the proposed American tariff on
Japanese exports to Hawaii, Hawaii's annexation by the U. S.,
and other matters concerning the Japanese in Hawaii. [M 794]

116
BIBLIOGRAPHY 520-524

520. Oahu Conference of Americans of Japanese Ancestry. Report of

Second Oahu Conference of Americans of Japanese Ancestry.
Mimeographed. Honolulu, 1945. 39 pp. UHH

Report of the second Conference of AJAs, sponsored by the

Emergency Service Committee under the Office of the Military
Governor during the war. Articles touch on contributions
that AJAs can make to the war effort and to the establish­
ment of peace, Japanese language schools, and the work
programs of the Emergency Service Committee. [M 512]

521. O ’Brien, Eileen. "Making Democracy Work. " Paradise of the

Pacific 55(1943): 42-45. UHH

A comment on the wise policy of Hawaii's military government

and leaders of the Japanese community in handling the
Japanese problem during the war. [M 719]

522. Ogawa, Dennis M. "The Message of the Agitator Within the

Japanese-American Community. " Pacific Speech Journal 4(1970):
26-29. UHH-JARCL

"Delineation of three issues: (1) ’identity hang up, ' (2)

’concentration camps, ’ and (3) 'being a model minority’
(which) appear to be the most frequently expounded. . . by
the agitator in his message to the Japanese-American people. "

523. _____________. From Japs to Japanese; the Evolution of Japanese

American Stereotypes. Berkeley: McCutchan Publishing Co.,
1971. 67 pp. UHH-JARCL

Examination of Japanese-American stereotypes as they evolved

from that of a highly un-American, inferior, sexually ag­
gressive citizen who was part of an international menace to
that of a highly Americanized, well-educated, superior
citizen. Touches upon sexual stereotypes of Japanese-
American males and females. Analysis of the nature of these
stereotypes follows.

524. ____________ . Jan Ken Po: The World of Hawaii’s Japanese

Americans. Honolulu: Japanese American Research Center, 1973.
181 pp. UHH-UHL

117
525-527 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

An interpretive, non-technical examination of certain cul­

tural and historical experiences of Japanese Americans in
Hawaii as they relate to their day-to-day lifestyles.
Emphasis is on the influences of Island living and intercul-
tural dynamics on the unique cultural synthesis which
Hawaii's Japanese Americans represent. Foreword by Senator
Daniel K. Inouye. Thirty-three photographs and illustra­
tions.

525. Ogawa, Dennis M . , and Terry Welden. "Cross-Cultural Analysis

of Feedback Behavior Within Japanese-American and Caucasian-
American Small Groups. " Journal of Communication 22(1972): 189-
195. UHL-JARCL

"This study investigated the occurrence of feedback as a

sequential event in both Japanese-American and Caucasian-
American small group discussions. . . . The obtained
results provided support for the experimental hypothesis
that Japanese-American groups manifest significantly less
feedback behavior than Caucasian-American groups when in­
dexed by teams of coder-observers. The concept of 'enryo’
and a characteristic family code of conduct are introduced
as possible factors influencing Japanese-American communica­
tion. "

526. Ogishima, Toru. "Japanese Emigration. " International Labor

Review 34(1936): 618-651. UHL

A historical survey of Japanese emigration overseas, includ­

ing emigration to Hawaii, by a Japanese official of the
International Labor Office in Switzerland, with emphasis on
the Japanese government’s emigration policy. [M 835]

527. Ogitani, Ronald Kazuo. "Attitudes Toward Aged Parents:

Symptom of Social Dysfunction. " B.A. Honors thesis [Sociology],
University of Hawaii, 1969. 44 pp. UHC

A variation of a Thurstone-type attitude questionnaire

designed to test the significance of age and ethnicity
factors on attitudes toward aged parents was administered to
169 Caucasians and 192 Japanese-Americans. Results gener­
ally indicate that Caucasians score low in attitudes of
favorableness toward aged parents whereas Japanese-Americans
receive scores judged high in favorableness to aged parents.

118
BIBLIOGRAPHY 528-533

528. Ogura, Shiku. "Familial Survivals in Rural Hawaii. " Social

Process in Hawaii 2(1936): 43-45. UHH

Observations of persistent Japanese customs in the Kona

Japanese community— marriages, funerals, and other secular
and religious observances. [M 628]

529. O'Hara, Nealson. "Undualing the Dualed American Citizens. "

Paradise of the Pacific 52 (1940):19-20. UHH

An article calling for early expatriation of Americans of

Japanese ancestry in the best interest of the United States
and Hawaii. [M 720]

530. Ohtomo, Kenju. "Buddhism in Hawaii. " Pan-Pacific Magazine

4(1940): 21-22. UHH

A brief description of Buddhism in Hawaii, with a table

showing the number of temples, ministers, and members, by
sect. [M 721]

531. Oka, Wilfred Mitsuji. "A Study of Japanese Social Institutions

in Hawaii. " Master’s thesis [Education], Springfield College,
Massachusetts, 1935. 126 pp. UHH

A brief history of Japanese immigration to Hawaii and de­

scription of social institutions in the Japanese community,
such as family, religion, language schools, press, recrea­
tional facilities, and social organizations. [M 513]

532. Okada, Francis. "Japanese Language in Hawaii. " Hawaii Herald,

November 27, 1969, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Article on the discussion held at the Kaimana Hotel on "The

Japanese Language in Hawaii. " Comments by various partici­
pants.

533. . "Japanese and Drug Abuse. " Hawaii Herald,

December 18, 1969, p. 2. HH-JARCL

Article on drug abuse in Hawaii. The number of Japanese

arrested and charged for drug violations is low compared to

119
534-538 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

other racial groups; however, Japanese lead other Orientals.

Statistics included.

534. Okumura Home. Annual Report.35vols. Honolulu, 1917-1954. UHH

Annual reports of the Japanese student dormitory begun by

Rev. Okumura Takie of the Makiki Christian Church for educa­
tional and social benefits of young Americans of Japanese
ancestry. [M 514]

535. Okumura, Takie. "A Back-to-the-Land Movement. " Pan-Pacific

Magazine 1(1937):45-46. UHH

A call for the return of young Americans of Japanese ancestry

to agricultural occupations in order to establish themselves
as independent American citizens. [M 722]

536. . "Test of Japanese Assimilation. " The Friend 110

(1940):45-47. UHH

A criticism of some Japanese people's hesitation in expatri­

ation, and Japanese language school programs, Buddhist
practices, and Japanese habits and customs in Hawaii that do
not fit into American society. [M 723]

537. . Seventy Years of Divine Blessing. Kyoto:

Naigai Publishing Co., 1940. 191 pp. UHH-JARCL

An autobiographical essay by one of the most important

religious and social leaders of the Japanese community in
Hawaii (English version of Appendix entry 91). [M 515]

538. Okumura, Takie, and Umetaro Okumura. Hawaii's American-Japanese

Problems. A Campaign to Remove Causes of Friction Between the
American People and Japanese. Report of the C a m p a i g n ,
January,
1921 to January, 1927. Honolulu, 1927. 32 pp. UHH-HSPA

Account of a campaign begun by the father and son ministers

Okumura of Makiki Christian Church to eradicate the mutual
fear and suspicion of Japanese- and Caucasian-Americans
which had intensified after the Japanese language school
question of 1919 and the Japanese labor strike of 1920.
[M 516]

120
BIBLIOGRAPHY 539-543

539. Okumura, Takie, and Umetaro Okumura. "Expatriation— Back to

the Soil: Remarks on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary
of the First Japanese Immigration to Hawaii. " Mid-Pacific
Magazine 48(1935): 82-86. UHH

A statement urging Americans of Japanese ancestry to expa­

triate themselves and to engage in agriculture as soon as
possible. [M 724]

540. Onishi, Katsumi. "The Second Generation Japanese and the

Hongwanji. " Social Process in Hawaii 3(1937): 43—48. UHH

A study of the Honpa Hongwanji mission activities for the

benefit of second-generation Japanese, with comments on
reasons for their appeal. Some statistical figures are
presented. [M 630]

541. _____________. "'Bon' and 'Bon-odori' in Hawaii. " Social

Process in Hawaii 4(1938):49-57. UHH

A description of the Bon festival as observed by the

Japanese in Hawaii. [M 629]

542. _____________. "A Study of the Attitudes of the Japanese in

Hawaii Toward the Japanese Language Schools. " Master's thesis
[Education], University of Hawaii, 1943. 291 pp. UHH

A study of the extent of and reasons for Japanese people's

support or criticism of Japanese language schools in Hawaii,
includes comparison of Japanese attitudes in 1942-1943 and
in 1937 when research began. A total of 419 issei and nisei,
both male and female, subjects formed the sample for the
entire study. [M 517]

543. Oshima, Raymond Kakuichi. "The Problem of Japanese Assimilation

in Hawaii. " Master's thesis [Practical Theology], University
of Chicago, 1926. 79 pp. UHH

A study of Japanese social institutions in Hawaii— house­

hold, language school, Buddhist churches— and Japanese
political interests in relation to the problem of assimila­
tion. Also discusses the influence of the public schools
and the Christian churches on acculturation and assimila­
tion. [M 518; R 467]

121
544-548 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

544. Oshiro, Edna. "The Americanization of My Mother. " Social

Process in Hawaii 18(1954):30-32. UHH

A biographical account of the author’s mother, who had lived

and worked on a Big Island plantation since 1922, with
emphasis on changes in her attitude and behavior. [M 631]

545. Oshiro, Edward. "The Forgotten Majority on the University of

Hawaii Campus: The Japanese-American Students. " Working
Papers of the East-West Culture Learning Institute, No. 8.
Honolulu, 1971. 13 pp. UHH

Paper presented at Interdisciplinary Student Symposium on

Culture Learning, at the East-West Center, University of
Hawaii, touching on the need for decision makers at the
University of Hawaii to consider social and cultural charac­
teristics of Japanese-Americans in making plans for the
campus.

546. " ’Ousted’ Over Religion, Catholic Sought Hawaii. " Sunday
Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-7. UHL-JARCL

Story of Takezo Iida, the "first Roman Catholic known to

have immigrated to Hawaii from Japan. " Takezo and Hisano
Iida were parents of Lydia, the "first child born in Hawaii
of Japanese parents who came here under the Japanese govern­
ment auspices in 1885. "

547. Ozaki, Shigeo. "Student Attitudes on Interracial Marriage. "

Social Process in Hawaii 6(1940):23-28. UHH

Questionnaires were administered to Japanese- and Chinese-

American university students to measure ratings accorded
eleven racial groups as potential marriage partners. [R 469]

548. Ozawa, A. K. "The Japanese Boy in Hawaii. " Mid-Pacific

Magazine 15(1918):227-231. UHH

An address to Americans of Japanese ancestry by the director

of the Pan-Pacific Union in Honolulu, urging them to make
the best of social, economic, and political opportunities
available to them as American citizens. [M 725]

122
BIBLIOGRAPHY 549-552

549. Ozawa, Takao. Naturalization of a Japanese Subject in the

United States of America: A Brief in re Ozawa Case Now Pending
the Decision in the Supreme Court of the United States of
America. Honolulu: Nippu Jiji Print, 1922. 33 pp. UHH

A declaration of the author’s belief in his eligibility for

naturalization as an American citizen under provisions of
the naturalization law of 1906. See entries 670 and 698.
[M 519]

550. The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. The Solution of the Labor

Problem in Hawaii, Comprising Fifteen Articles, Pertaining
Mainly to the Sugar Industry, Submitted in Competition and
Pr inted in the Pacific Commercial Advertiser Beginning March
24, 1919. Honolulu, 1919. 9 2 pp. UHH-HSPA

A collection of fifteen essays entered in a contest spon­

sored by the Pacific Commercial Advertiser on the topic of
the growing labor tension on sugar plantations in Hawaii.
They are written by community leaders in Hawaii, both
Caucasian and Japanese, including Wallace R. Farrington,
editor of the Evening Bulletin and politician, Arthur L.
Dean, president of the University of Hawaii, and Soga
Yasutaro, president-editor of the Japanese Hawaii Times.
Japanese labor being at the center of the labor controversy
at the time, these essays shed much light on Japanese labor­
e rs’ increasing grievances. [M 795]

551. Palmer, Albert Wentworth. The Human Side of Hawaii: Race

Problems in the Mid-Pacific. Boston and Chicago: The Pilgrim
Press, 1924. 147 pp. UHH

A description of Hawaii and its peoples by the minister of

the Central Union Church in Honolulu, aiming to correct
Mainlanders' misconceptions of Hawaii. "The Japanese
Problem in Hawaii, " pp. 104-132, touches on such things as
picture brides, labor troubles, language schools, Buddhism,
dual citizenship, press, economic and political aspects, and
characteristics of different generations. [M 796]

552. Parkman, Margaret A., and Jack Sawyer. "Dimensions of Ethnic

Intermarriage in Hawaii. " American Sociological Review 32
(1967):593-607. UHL

123
553-556 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

An investigation of intermarriage distance among the various

ethnic groups in Hawaii. It is generally concluded that
"intermarriage between any two groups is highly predicted by
the similarity of their positions on two major independent
dimensions: (1) East-West (variation in race, religion, and
nationality), indexing the cultural traditions that the
group inherits, and (2) Urbanicity (percentage of the group
living in Honolulu), indexing the extent to which the group
has acquired the dominant contemporary way of life. "

553. Peace, Penny. "Family Reunion After 41 Long, Long Years. "
Hawaii Herald , July 24, 1969, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Article on the problems encountered by Toshio Nagano after

he was drafted into the Japanese Imperial Army and subse­
quently banned from entering America. He was reunited with
his brothers and sisters after forty-one years of separation.

554. Peffer, Nathaniel. "Will the Hyphen Win in Hawaii? The

Middle of the Pacific Ocean Has Developed Our Most Critical
Americanization Problem. " American Legion Weekly 4(1922): 5—7.
HSPA

Concern expressed over the great number of Japanese people

in Hawaii and their activities. [M 726]

555. Petersen, William. Japanese Americans; Oppression and Success.

New York: Random House, 1971. 268 pp. UHL-JARCL

A historical and sociological analysis of Japanese Americans

on the mainland and Hawaii, with greater emphasis on the
former. The primary thesis of the book is that the Japanese
Americans as an ethnic group is anomalous to all conven­
tional theories of minority group relations, and that their
"success" as measured in the sociological sense can be
attributed to the organic strength of the Japanese American
community— his "Subnation"— and to the identity and support
it tenders to its members.

556. Peterson, John. "Environment, Company and Community on

Molokai. " Research paper, University of Hawaii, 1970. 25 pp. UHH

Analysis of the relationship of environment, management

policy and community through a comparison of two pineapple

124
BIBLIOGRAPHY 557-560

plantations on Molokai— Maunaloa and Kualapuu. Investiga­

tions were limited to Japanese and Filipino groups within a
two month period. The study concluded that "the primary
environmental variable of water plays a major role in influ­
encing the technology of production, the nature of manage­
ment policy, the composition of the village and even to some
degree the level of acculturation of the individuals living
in the village. " Six tables included. Winner, Graduate
Division, Library Prize for Pacific Research, 1970, under
pseudonym Roland B. Dickson.

557. "Plantation Labor Trouble of 1909. Strike of Japanese Laborers

on Oahu. " In Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1910, pp. 123-
127. Honolulu: Thomas G. Thrum, 1910. UHH

A review of the Japanese strike of 1909 and a comment on the

Japanese racial problem. [M 727]

558. Platt, Sanford L. Immigration and Emigration in the Hawaiian

Sugar Industry. Honolulu: Hawaiian Sugar Planter's
Association, 1950. 24 pp. HSPA-UHH

A brief review of foreign immigration to Hawaii, prepared

for the Industrial Relations Section of the HSPA. Briefly
touches on Japanese labor on pp. 7-10. [M 797]

559. Polwarth, Hugh M. "Japan in Hawaii. " Mid-Pacific Magazine 3

(1912):545-551. UHH

An article expressing alarm at the large Japanese population

and the possibility of Japanese domination in Hawaii. [M 728]

560. Porteus, Stanley D. A Century of Social Thinking in Hawaii.

Palo Alto: Pacific Books, 1962. 376 pp. UHH

An analytic review of more than 600 essays read to members

of the Social Science Association of Honolulu since its
inception in 1882, on public issues in Hawaii. Brief refer­
ences to the Japanese are found especially on pp. 130-154
("Social Questions in Hawaii") and pp. 155-181 ("The Land
and the People"). [M 798]

125
561-565 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

561. Porteus, Stanley D., and Marjorie E. Babcock. Temperament and

Race. Boston: R. G. Badger, 1926. 364 pp. UHH

A comparative study of race psychology in Hawaii, discussing

such things as brain development and mental disposition,
psychological traits, racial theories, and education and the
future of Hawaii’s races. Scattered references to the
Japanese. [M 799]

562. Quisenberry, Walter B. "Stomach Cancer in Hawaii. " Medical

Arts and Sciences 9(1955):74-81. UHL

Emphasizes the prevalence of stomach cancer in Hawaii, its

high frequency among the Japanese as compared to other ethnic
groups, and hereditary and social factors which contribute
to its occurrence. [R 478]

563. _____________. "Ethnic Differences and Socio-Cultural Factors

in Cancer in Hawaii. " Medical Arts and Sciences 15(1961): 107-
119. UHH

Reports the incidence of certain types of cancer among

Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos and Caucasians. [R 479]

564. Rademaker, John Adrian. "Race Relations in Hawaii, 1946. "

Social Process in Hawaii 11 (1947):29—46. UHH

A discussion of the development of race relations in the

immediate postwar period in Hawaii, including a brief review
of the controversy over the reopening of Japanese Buddhist
temples and language schools (pp. 32-35) and the 1946 sugar
plantation strike (pp. 40-46). [M 836]

565. ________ . These Are Americans: The Japanese Americans in

Hawaii in World War II. Palo Alto: Pacific Books, 1951. 278
pp. UHH

An account of the character, achievements, and contributions

of Americans of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii during World War
II. [M 520]

126
BIBLIOGRAPHY 566-570

566. Reinecke, John Ernest. "Language and Dialect in Hawaii. "

Master’s thesis [Sociology], University of Hawaii, 1935. 371
pp. UHH

A sociological study of the makeshift language and collo­

quial dialect in Hawaii, providing comprehensive information
on language backgrounds of Hawaii’s peoples, including the
Japanese; contains a discussion of the development, nature,
and future prospects of Hawaii’s "colonial" dialect. Scat­
tered references to the Japanese and their language habits.
[M 801]

567. _____________. "Memorandum on Japanese Unions. " Typescript.

Honolulu, 1943. 2 pp. UHH

A brief note on Japanese membership in labor unions written

for Army Intelligence (G-2) during the war. [M 633]

568. _____________. Labor Disturbances in Hawaii, 1890-1925: A

Summary. Honolulu, 1966. 19 pp. UHH

Historical review of labor disputes and strikes in Hawaii,

including those of Japanese laborers. [M 800]

569. Rhea, Theodore R . "A Comparative Study of the Mortality From

Gastric Cancer in Hawaii. " Hawaii Medical Journal 13(1953):
107-112. UHH

Data derived from death certificates are utilized in a study

of the mortality rate from gastric cancer among Japanese as
compared to non-Japanese of the same sex and age group.
[R 487]

570. Richards, Theodore. "The Future of the Japanese in Hawaii. "

In Japan and Japanese-American Relations, edited by G. H.
Blakeslee, pp. 298-322. New York: G. E. Stechert and Company,
1912. UHL

A brief review by the managing editor of the Hawaii mission­

ary journal, The Friend, of the difficulties encountered by
the Japanese in Hawaii; presents suggestions for improving
Japanese-American relations. [M 634]

127
571-575 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

571. Richstad, Jim Andrew. "The Press and the Courts Under Martial
Law in Hawaii During World War II— From Pearl Harbor to Duncan
V. Kahanamoku, " Ph.D. dissertation [Journalism], University of
Minnesota, 1967. 420 pp. UHH

A detailed study of the effects of the longest and most

pervasive imposition of military government in American
history "over citizens not in rebellion or insurrection, nor
incapable of governing themselves. " Included are discus­
sions on the nature of martial law, the historical back­
ground of Hawaii prior to World War II, Hawaiian economy and
race relations, censorship of the news media, especially of
the Japanese language press, and on case studies of legal
challenges to martial rule.

572. Robinson, F. Everett. "Participation of Citizens of Chinese

and Japanese Ancestry in the Political Life of Hawaii. " Social
Process in Hawaii 4(1938):58-60. UHH

An abstract of an article discussing the extent to which

Japanese and Chinese exercise their voting rights, the party
affiliation of these groups and the degree of political
organization among them. [M 635; R 489]

573. Rowland, Donald. "Orientals and the Suffrage in Hawaii. "

Pacific Historical Review 12(1943):11-21. UHH

A historical survey of a movement of Orientals, primarily

Japanese, to obtain suffrage in Hawaii during the period
from the 1870’s to the time of annexation. [M 636]

574. Rubano, Judith. Culture and Behavior in Hawaii:An Annotated

Bibliography. Social Science Research Institute, Hawaii Series
No. 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1971. 147 pp.
UHH-UHL-JARCL

A selected bibliography of behavioral science literature

from 1914 to 1970. Large selection of works relating to
Japanese in Hawaii. Contains 627 entries.

575. Russ, William Adam, Jr. "Hawaiian Labor and Immigration

Problems Before Annexation. " Journal of M o d e m History 15
(1943):207-222. UHL

128
BIBLIOGRAPHY 576-579

A study of the struggle of the Hawaiian government in 1893-

1898 to meet the need for more Oriental laborers for the
expanding sugar industry and, at the same time, guard
against a possible threat to white dominion in Hawaii posed
by a greater influx of such laborers. [M 837]

576. Sakai, Andrea. "Reflections: An Autobiographical Sketch. "

Social Process in Hawaii 22(1958): 36-44. UHH

Story of a mainland nisei, who came to Honolulu in 1951 and

encountered problems in social contact with local Americans
of Japanese ancestry. [M 637]

577. Sakamaki, George. "Dual Citizenship and Expatriation. "

Paradise of the Pacific 50 (1938):8. UHH

A brief explanation of procedures for expatriation in light

of the 1924 Japanese expatriation law. [M 729]

578. Sakamaki, Shunzo. "A History of the Japanese Press in Hawaii. "
Master's thesis [History], University of Hawaii, 1928. 166 pp. UHH

A descriptive history of the Japanese press in Hawaii, with

comments on ten current newspapers, seven magazines, and
several defunct newspapers, and a discussion of the pros­
pects for the Japanese press. [M 521]

579. Sall, Janet, and Anthony J. Marsella. "A Comparison of the

Attributes of 'Ideal' and 'Actual' Methods of Fertility
Regulation Across Cultures. Unpublished manuscript. UHH

Compares the attributes associated with the "ideal" method

of fertility regulation to those associated with actual
methods of fertility regulation such as the pill, condoms,
and IUDs using samples of Japanese-American and European-
American college students at the University of Hawaii.
Results indicate few group differences in the attributes
associated with the "ideal" method of fertility regulation;
however, there are numerous group differences in the dis­
crepancies between the attributes of the "ideal" and the
"actual" methods.

129
580-583 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

580. Samuels, Frederick. "The Effect of Social Mobility on Social

Distance: Some Changes in the Race Attitudes of Honolulu’s
Japanese. " Master’s thesis [Sociology], University of Hawaii,
1963. 168 pp. UHH

Examines social distance attitudes of seventy Japanese-

Americans residing in one of three census tracts in Honolulu,
two composed largely of working-class people and one a
middle-class/professional district. The changes in attitudes
toward other ethnic groups in Hawaii over a thirty-year
period are analyzed. (Entry 451 used as background. ) [M 522;
R 492]

581. . "Colour Sensitivity Among Honolulu Haoles and

Japanese. " Race 11(1969): 203-212. UHL

An interpretive analysis of color sensitivity as a determi­

nant of social preference, based on a 1967 Honolulu study of
durable group relations and social distance. The Japanese
of Hawaii are seen to be "acutely color sensitive, " and all
things being equal are seen to exhibit a tendency to reject
"dark" groups as intimate associates. Rather than being an
imitative assumption of Caucasian values, the phenomenon is
viewed as being culturally and historically based.

582. . The Japanese and Haoles of Honolulu: Durable

Group Interaction. New Haven: College and University Press,
1970. 206 pp. UHH-UHL-JARCL

A sociological analysis of Japanese and Haole (Caucasian)

relations in Honolulu and draft of a "theory of durable
group interaction" based on data accumulated in Honolulu.
Application of the theory to Black-White relations on the
mainland.

583. Sanjume, Jisoo. "An Analysis of the New Americans Conference

from 1927 to 1938. " Master’s thesis [Education], University of
Hawaii, 1939. 93 pp. UHH

A survey of the extent to which the New Americans Conference

initiated by Rev. Mr. Takie Okumura attained its objectives,
with a discussion of economic, social, and political prob­
lems faced by AJAs in general. [M 523]

130
BIBLIOGRAPHY 584-588

584. Sano, Tadahiro, Mitsuo Yokoyama, and George Rhoads. "Clinical

Significance of — Antitrypsin Level— A Preliminary Evaluation
Among Japanese Men. " Hawaii Medical Journal 31(1972):27-32. UHH

"An association between obstructive pulmonary disease and

intermediate a1-antitrypsin deficiency was not detected by
this study. While it may be that no such relationship
exists among the Japanese, it was not felt that a conclu­
sion could be reached on the basis of this small number of
cases" (76 patients and 152 matched controls).

585. Scharrenberg, Paul. "The Japanese in Hawaii. " American

Federationist 29(1922):742-750. UHL

A description of labor problems in Hawaii involving Chinese

and Japanese immigrants on sugar plantations, questioning
the advisability of using these Oriental laborers in Hawaii.
[M 730]

586. Schmitt, Robert C. "Psychosis and Race in Hawaii. " Hawaii

Medical Journal 16(1956):144-146. UHH

A comparative study of mental hospital admission rates of

Hawaii's major races: Hawaiian, part-Hawaiian, Caucasian,
Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, and "Other. " The admissions
under study included all cases of psychosis and schizophre­
nia. [M 840]

587. ________. Age, Race and Marital Failure in Hawaii.

Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory Report No. 34.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1962. 9 pp. UHH

Examines data on age and ethnic differences in marriages and

divorces in Hawaii from 1956 to 1960. [R 504]

588. ____________ . "Interracial Marriage and Occupational Status in

Hawaii. " American Sociological Review 28(1963):809-810. UHL

An analysis of the 10,535 marriages reported for 1960 and

1961, of which 35.3 percent were interracial. Blue-collar
workers showed the greater tendency to marry outside their
own ethnic group. "Higher intermarriage rates for white-
collar workers were characteristic of Caucasian, Chinese,
Filipino and Japanese grooms, but not of Hawaiian and

131
589-592 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

'other' (Puerto Rican, Korean, Negro, etc. ) grooms. The

occupational differential in rates was greatest among ethnic
groups with the highest occupational status and highest
median income." [R 505]

589. Schmitt, Robert C. "Age Differences in Marriage in Hawaii. "

Journal of Marriage and the Family 28(1966):57—61. UHL

An analysis of 16,532 marriages performed in Hawaii in 1961-

1963, showing significant variations in age differences
between partners when classified by age level, ethnic stock,
previous marital status, place of residence, and occupation
of each partner. [M 838]

590. ____________ . "Differential Mortality in Honolulu Before

1900. " Hawaii Medical Journal 26(1967):537-541. UHH

A statistical review of "the death-filled history of the

non-Hawaiians," making special note of the high mortality
rate among the Japanese prior to 1900— much higher than that
of the Hawaiians, which was popularly believed to be the
highest in Hawaii. [M 839]

591. ________ . Demographic Statistics of Hawaii: 1778-1965.

Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1968. 271 pp. UHH-UHL

An important source book for demographic studies concerned

primarily with methodology. Demographic data extracted from
ten Hawaiian and seven decennial U. S. census reports.
Includes immigration and intermarriage statistics.

592. ____________ . "Racial Data From the 1970 U. S. Census. "

Memorandum to Members of the Hawaii State Census Tract
Committee from Robert C. Schmitt, Department of Planning and
Economic Development, Honolulu, 1971. 4 pp. UHH-UHL

Three tables on race based on 1970 population data from

Hawaii with comparative data from 1960 census and 1964-1967
sample surveys. Clarification of two important changes in
the 1970 census in the classification of race: (1) the
part-Hawaiian category was deleted, and (2) methodology
changed in the collection of data on persons of mixed blood.

132
BIBLIOGRAPHY 593-596

593. Schmitt, Robert C. "Recent Trends in Hawaiian Interracial

Marriage Rates by Occupation. " Journal of Marriage and the
Family 33(1971):373-374. UHL

A brief summary of intermarriage trends (1956-1957 and 1967-

1968) by the State Statistician, Hawaii State Department of
Planning and Economic Development. The study confirmed
earlier findings that interracial marriage rates in Hawaii
are inversely correlated with occupational status of the
group. Cross-ethnic marital rates increased from 32. 9
percent in 1956-1957 to 40. 4 percent in 1967-1968, military
grooms excluded. The most frequent interracial unions in
1967-1968 were Caucasian/part-Hawaiian (1,159), followed by
Caucasian/Japanese (675) and Caucasian/Filipino (549).

594. ____________ . "Census Tract Data By Race From the 1970 Census
of Population. " Memorandum to Hawaii State Census Tract
Committee from Robert C. Schmitt, Department of Planning and
Economic Development, Honolulu, 1972. 45 pp. UHH-UHL

Primarily tables compiled by the Department of Information

Systems, City and County of Honolulu, of the count of per­
sons by race, census tract, and sex (by county). The
Japanese population made up 28. 3 percent of the all race
total. Published statistics on race by census tract will
appear in Table P-l of the Census Tract bulletin for Hawaii.

595. Schwartz, Henry B. "The Foreign Language Schools of Hawaii. "

School and Society 23(1926):98-104. UHL

A brief survey of Japanese and other foreign language

schools in Hawaii, with reference to their character, student
population, and functions in the process of acculturation.
[M 731]

596. Scott, M. M. "The Japanese in These Islands. " Pacific

Commercial Advertiser, July 2, 1906. (Fiftieth anniversary
issue) UHH

Description of the social and economic conditions of the

Japanese in Hawaii. [M 732]

133
597-600 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

597. Scudder, Doremus. "Hawaii’s Experience with the Japanese. "

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
93(1921): 110-115. UHL

A brief historical account of Japanese settlement in Hawaii,

with comments on adversities faced; calls for a correct
understanding of the Japanese situation and an objective
attitude toward them. [M 638]

598. Sekiguchi, Suzanne. "The Relationship of Type of Symptom and

Origin of Birth of Japanese Schizophrenics. " B.A. Honors
thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1968. 26 pp. UHC

A comparison between fifty Japan-born (JB) and forty-eight

Hawaii-born (HB) schizophrenics to determine whether cul­
tural background and degree of acculturation effect differ­
ences in symptomatology. Phillip’s Symptomatology Checklist
(1965) was applied to data from ninety-eight patients. No
significant differences between JB and HB groups or between
sexes were revealed by the analysis (chi square). Discus­
sion follows.

599. Shapiro, Harry L. "Certain Aspects of Race: Study of Japanese

Immigrants and Their Children in the Environment of Hawaii. "
Asia and the Americans 40(1940): 323-326. UHL

A study of the physical characteristics of Japanese and

their Hawaii-born children to ascertain environmental influ­
ences in Hawaii. See entry 600. [M 639]

600. ____________ , and Frederick S. Hulse. Migration and

Environment: A Study of the Physical Characteristics of the
Japanese Immigrants to Hawaii and the Effects of Environment on
Their Descendants. London: Oxford University Press, 1939.
594 pp. UHH

A detailed study and comparison of the physical characteris­

tics of the Japanese immigrant and his children in Hawaii
and the parent population in Japan. Based on anthropometric
examination of 2, 594 subjects. In addition to environment,
selective migration is considered an important factor influ­
encing physical differentiation. See entry 599. [M 524;
R 519]

134
BIBLIOGRAPHY 601-605

601. Shibata, Ichitaro. "Census Report of Acting Consul-General

Ichitaro Shibata. " Honolulu Advertiser , January 20, 1931,
p . 1. UHL

Comprehensive tabulation of census returns for people of

Japanese birth and descent in Hawaii. [M 733]

602. Shim, Neil. "Physical Disability as a Component of Social

Distance Among College Students and Their Parents in Hawaii. "
Master’s thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1965.
66 pp. UHH

Investigates the extent to which physical disability, under­

standing, competence and national-ethnic origin influence
social distance. One Caucasian- and two Japanese-American
parent groups are compared with their college-age children
on a multi-factor scale used to measure social distance.
Findings are reported in entry 603. [R 520]

603. , and Arthur A. Dole. "Components of Social Distance

Among College Students and Their Parents in Hawaii. " Journal
of Social Psychology 73(1967):111-124. UHL

A report of the findings of Shim’s Master's thesis (entry

602). "Each of the four components [physical ability,
understanding, competence and national-ethnic origin] was a
significant source of variance, with understanding and
competence most important for all groups. Students ex­
pressed significantly more acceptance of others than did
their parents. The results support aspects of Triandis'
multideterminant theory and suggest that, in Hawaii’s poly-
cultural setting, American education may be acting as a
powerful agent of acculturation. " [R 521]

604. Shimamura, Clarence Y. "Hawaiian Japanese Civic Association. "

Pan-Pacific Magazine 4(1940): 29-31. UHH

A brief description of the organization and activities of

the Hawaiian Japanese Civic Association. [M 734]

605. Shinoda, Minoru. "Language School Never Bounced Back. " Sunday
Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-6. UHL-JARCL

135
606-610 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

The Director of the Institute of Advanced Projects at the

East-West Center, Honolulu, writes a brief history of the
Japanese language school in Hawaii. He concludes that the
Japanese language school in the postwar era "seems to have
lost much of the vigor and the influence it once enjoyed. "

606. Shinsato, Roy M. "The Gannen Mono: Great Expectations of the

Earliest Japanese Immigrants to Hawaii. " Hawaii Historical
Review 1(1965):180-194. UHH

A historical account of the experiences of the gannenmono,

or the immigrants of 1868, with emphasis on their efforts to
adjust to the environment which fell far below their expec­
tations. Originally prepared for an upper division history
course at the University of Hawaii, Spring term, 1964.
[M 640]

607. Shirey, Orville C. Americans: The Story of the 442nd Combat

Team. Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1947. 151 pp. UHH

An account of the organization and military activities of

the famous 442nd Combat Team of AJAs. [M 525]

608. Shirota, Jon H. Lucky Come Hawaii. New York: Bantam Books,
1965. 248 pp. UHH-JARCL

An informative novel about the tribulations of issei and

nisei Japanese in Hawaii during World War II. Written by a
nisei of Okinawan ancestry, a native of Maui. [M 526]

609. _____________. Pineapple White. Los Angeles: Ohara

Publications, Inc., 1972. 165 pp. UHH-JARCL

Story revolving around Jiro Saki, an immigrant issei who

arrived in Hawaii in 1906, labored on the plantation and
later moved to Los Angeles’ Japan Town. Focuses on problems
and experiences encountered in Japan Town and with his son’s
marriage to a Caucasian.

610. Shivers, Robert L. Cooperation of the Various Racial Groups

with Each Other and with Constituted Authorities Before and
After December 7, 1941. Honolulu: Honolulu Chamber of
Commerce, 1946. 12 pp. UHH

136
BIBLIOGRAPHY 611-613

A statement presented before the U. S. House Subcommittee on

Statehood, by the Collector of Customs and former FBI Special
Agent in Charge in Honolulu. A factual account of the
organization and activities of various civilian groups
before and immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, in­
cluding Japanese war service organizations; stresses their
full cooperation in efforts to aid the war cause and the
total absence of sabotage and fifth-column activities among
Hawaii’s peoples. [M 803]

611. Singer, Kurt D. Japan's Secret Service in Hawaiian Islands.

News Background Reports No. 14. Mimeographed. Bronxville, New
York. 13 pp. UHH

Story of a German doctor, Bernard Otto Kuehn, who served as

a spy for the Japanese government in Hawaii after the Pearl
Harbor attack, touching on his relations with the Japanese
vice-consul and other Japanese in Honolulu. [M 527]

612. Slogett, Barbara, Ronald Gallimore, and Edward S. Kubany. "A

Comparative Analysis of Fantasy Need Achievement Among High and
Low Achieving Male Hawaiian-Americans." Journal of Cross-
Cultural Psychology 1(1970):53-61. UHL

Japanese-American, Filipino-American and Hawaiian male high

school students were tested for fantasy need achievement.
No significant intra-group differences in need achievement
could be detected in the Hawaiian sample, which was divided
into high-achievement and low-achievement groups. Inter­
group comparisons between the Japanese-American and the two
Hawaiian samples revealed the only significant differences
in need achievement scores in the study.

613. Smith, Bradford. Americans from Japan. Philadelphia: J. B.

Lippincott Co., 1948. 409 pp. UHH

Discussion of the culture of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii

and the Mainland, with emphasis on their cooperative spirit
and adherence to duties as Americans, and an account of
their treatment by military and civilian authorities during
the war. The author was in charge of psychological warfare
in Hawaii during World War II. [M 528]

137
614-618 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

614. Smith, Madorah E. "A Study of the Causes of Feelings of

Inferiority. " Journal of Psychology 5(1938):315-332. UHL

A study of possible causes of inferiority feelings in vari­

ous ethnic groups in Hawaii represented by a sample of 280
University of Hawaii students. [M 842]

615. ____________ . "A Comparison of the Neurotic Tendencies of

Students of Different Racial Ancestry in Hawaii. " Journal of
Social Psychology 9(1938):395-417. UHL

A comparison of the degree of neuroticism of Hawaii’s races,

using the scores of University of Hawaii students on the
Thurstone Personality Schedule. [M 841]

616. _____________, and L. M. Kasdon. "Progress in the Use of

English After 20 Years by Children of Filipino and Japanese
Ancestry in Hawaii. " Journal of Genetic Psychology 99(1961):
129-138. UHL

The results of a study conducted in 1958 measuring the

command of English of fifty children of Japanese ancestry,
fifty Honolulu children of Filipino ancestry and fifty-one
rural children of Filipino ancestry, all of whom were from
forty-two to sixty-six months in age, are compared with the
results of a similar study conducted in 1938. "Although
there has been a gain in children’s command of English since
1 9 3 8 . . . the two racial groups studied are retarded
slightly more than a year in their use of oral English in
terms of the measures used in this study. " [R 535]

617. _____________, and Jitsuichi Masuoka. "Some Factors Influencing

the Development of Language in Preschool Bilingual Children of
Japanese Ancestry in Honolulu. " In Proceedings of the Hawaiian
Academy of Science. 10th Annual Meeting. Honolulu, 1935.
21 pp. UHH

A study of cultural factors influencing the English language

ability of young children of Japanese ancestry. [M 641]

618. Smith, Nathalie Van Order. "A Comparative Study of Reactions

to Humorous Stimuli of Different Generations of Orientals and
Caucasians in Hawaii. " Master's thesis [Psychology],
University of Hawaii, 1949. 160 pp. UHH

138
BIBLIOGRAPHY 619-621

Study of the ethnic factors in comparative responses to

humor of Japanese, Chinese, and Caucasians, with emphasis on
generational differences. [M 804]

619. Smith, Nathalie Van Order, and W. Edgar Vinacke. "Reactions to

Humorous Stimuli of Different Generations of Japanese, Chinese,
and Caucasians in Hawaii. " Journal of Social Psychology 34
(1951):69-96. UHL

Utilizing data presented in the M. A. thesis of Nathalie Van

Order Smith, it was found that the Caucasians differed more
from each Oriental group than the Oriental groups differed
from each other in their reaction to humorous stimuli. It
was also found that generally there was as much difference
in reaction between the younger subjects as between the
older subjects; and less difference between older and younger
subjects of the same national-racial ancestry than between
Caucasians and the two Oriental groups. [M 843; R 537]

620. Smith, William Carlson. "The Second Generation Oriental in

America. " Preliminary paper prepared for the Second General
Session, Institute of Pacific Relations, Honolulu, July 15-29,
1927. 36 pp. UHH-UHL

A report on the character, attitudes and behavior of

Japanese- and Chinese-Americans and their problems mainly in
Hawaii, based on life histories of second-generation
Orientals in Hawaii. An appendix, pp. 32-36, provides
sample life history reports. [M 806]

621. . "Changing Personality Traits of Second

Generation Orientals in America. " American Journal of
Sociology 33(1928): 922-929. UHL

A study of the personality traits of Japanese and Chinese

immigrants and their children in Hawaii and on the Mainland,
to determine cultural factors in generational differences.
The author’s tentative major classification of personality
types of second-generation Orientals includes the "conform­
ist type, " "rebellious type, " and "philosophical type. "
[M 844]

139
622-626 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

622. Smith, William Carlson. Americans in Process: A Study of Our

Citizens of Oriental Ancestry. Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers,
Inc., 1937. 359 pp. UHH

A comparative study of the characteristics of Americans of

Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Filipino ancestry and their
race relations and acculturation in Hawaii and the Mainland.
Utilizes life histories to examine problems of adjustment
and discusses vocational adjustment, racial discrimination
and other general social experiences, and emphasizes
culture-conflict experienced by the second generation.
[M 805; R 540]

623. Soga, Y[asutaro]. "The Japanese Press in Hawaii. " Mid-Pacific

Magazine 23(1922):39-41. UHH

A brief history of the Japanese press in Hawaii, by the

president-editor of the Hawaii Times. [M 735]

624. "The Japanese Press of Hawaii. " Pan-Pacific

Magazine 1(1937):13-15. UHH

A brief history of the Japanese press in Hawaii. [M 736]

625. "Some Think Japanese Came in 12th Century. " Honolulu Star-
Bulletin , January 25, 1968, p. A-9. UHL-JARCL

Charles W. Kenn, historian, lecturer and author, cites

examples of Japanese and Hawaiian similarities in sports and
games as evidence that the "Japanese might have come to
Hawaii as early as 1832. "

626. "Some Violations of Japanese Etiquette by Social Groups in

Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 1(1935): 36. UHH

Observations by Introductory Sociology Students, University

of Hawaii. A listing of eight acts considered violations of
proper Japanese etiquette, such as a failure to pay respect
to age, free expression of personal feelings in public,
social dancing, shoe wearing in homes, kissing in public,
and not bathing daily. [M 627]

140
BIBLIOGRAPHY 627-630

627. Southward, Walt. "From Humble Start to Top of the Heap. "
Sunday Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-17.
UHL-JARCL

Brief article on the Americans of Japanese ancestry who have

"made it" on the island of Hawaii ranging from plantation
personnel to politicians.

628. Springer, Doris V. "Awareness of Racial Differences by

Preschool Children in Hawaii. " Genetic Psychology Monographs
41(1950):215-270. UHL

An investigation of the awareness in children 3-6 years old

of differences in physical characteristics among the various
national-racial groups in Hawaii; measures the children's
ability to identify themselves and their brothers and sis­
ters with pictures of children of their own racial back­
grounds and also their racial preferences, with pictures of
children of various racial backgrounds. [M 845]

629. Staniford, Philip S. "Values of Some Issei Japanese of

Hanapepe Valley, Kauai. " Master's thesis [Anthropology],
University of Hawaii, 1961. 117 pp. UHH

A descriptive analysis of the explicit values of Japanese

people in Hanapepe Valley, Kauai, regarding themselves,
their children and grandchildren, their community, and their
social relations, with a discussion of the extent of change
or persistence of values since prewar times. [M 529]

630. Stemmerman, Grant N. "Patterns of Disease Among Japanese

Living in Hawaii. " Chronic Disease Newsletter, June, 1968, pp.
3-6. UHL

A description of disease patterns o f Hawaii Japanese extrap­

olated from "Kuakini [Hospital] autopsy files, Hawaii Tumor
Registry data, and various published data from Japan and
elsewhere. " Four divisions of patterns of pathology are
entered: (1) "Disease more common in Hawaii Japanese than
among other Hawaii residents, " (2) "Disease much less common
or rare among Hawaii Japanese, " (3) "Disease frequently
encountered in Hawaii Japanese but rare or uncommon in
Japan, " and (4) "Disease acquired in Japan, but persisting
in modified form after migration. "

141
631-635 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

631. Stemmerman, Grant N. "Patterns of Disease Among Japanese

Living in Hawaii. " Archives of Environmental Health 20(1970):
266-273. UHL

A preliminary investigation of environmental and genetic

factors in the morbidity pattern of Hawaii Japanese. An
expanded version of entry 630.

632. Stokes, John F.G. "Japanese Cultural Influences in Hawaii. "

In Proceedings of the Fifth Pacific Science Congress, Victoria
and Vancouver, B. C. Canada, 1933, pp. 2791-2803. Toronto,
1934. UHH

A brief reference to possible points of origin of current-

borne voyages ("drifts") of artifacts to Hawaii and a con­
sideration of Japanese influence on Hawaii resulting from
such drifts. [M 642]

633. Stokes, Joseph, III, David R. Bassett, Gerald Rosenblatt,

Donald Greenberg, and Robert Moellering, Jr. "Coronary Disease
and Hypertension in Hawaii: Racial Distribution in 1, 167 Men. "
Hawaii Medical Journal 25(1966): 235-243. UHH

A screening study of 1, 167 men showed that Hawaiians and

part-Hawaiians had nearly twice the prevalence of hyperten­
sion found in Japanese and Caucasians. Chinese had least of
all. [R 548]

634. "Story of the Japanese in Hawaii. Progress Report. " Hawaiian

Reporter. Issues supplemental to the editions of May 12, July
28, August 25, and December 15, 1960. 4 parts. UHH

Special issues of the Hawaiian Reporter, giving accounts of

various aspects of Japanese life in Hawaii: Oahu (Part I),
Kauai (Part II), Maui and Molokai (Part III), and Hawaii
(Part IV). [M 737]

635. "Study of Japanese Americans— Political Characteristics. "

Hawaii Herald, October 23, 1969, p. 2. HH-JARCL

Editorial on Ralph E. Bunche’s unpublished dissertation "The

Political Orientation of Japanese Americans. " Conclusions
presented.

142
BIBLIOGRAPHY 636-639

636. "Sugar Irrigation’s Outstanding Builders. " Sunday Star-

Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-15. UHL-JARCL

Article describing the engineering successes of Saihei Okada

who is "credited" with charting two of Maui's great irriga­
tion ditches and Shigezo Naka known as the builder of
Kauai's Alexander Dam.

637. "Supplementary Notes on Waimea with Special Reference to the

Japanese. " Social Process in Hawaii 13(1949):59-61. UHH

Comments on the activities of the Japanese community of

Waimea, Hawaii, relations between Okinawan and naichi
Japanese people, and effects of the war on the character of
the community. [M 643]

638. Suzuki, Tatsuzo, Chikio Hayashi, Shigeki Nishihira, Hirojiro

Aoyama, Kikuo Nomoto, Yasumasa Kuroda, and Alice K. Kuroda. "A
Study of Japanese-Americans in Honolulu, Hawaii. " In Annals of
the Institute of Statistical Mathematics. Supplement No. 6.
Tokyo, 1972. 60 pp. UHH-JARCL

A summary report of the Japanese-American survey conducted

in Honolulu in the spring of 1971 by the Research Committee
on the Study of Japanese-Americans in Honolulu, Hawaii.
"This survey is an expansion of the survey on Japanese
National Character. . . which covers Japanese-Americans
with a view to gaining some insight on the special feature
of Japanese national character through comparison of
Japanese and Westerners in their ways of thinking. " "The
survey. . . consisted of face-to-face interviews with
probability samples selected from among the registered
voters by a [systematic] random sampling method. The re­
spondents numbered 477, or approximately one percent of the
Japanese-Americans aged 20 or over. " See entry 375.

639. Taira, Marilyn S. "The Effects of Ethnic Background and Sex on

Defensive Projection. " B.A. Honors thesis [Psychology],
University of Hawaii, 1968. 65 pp. UHC

Forty Caucasian and Japanese-American University of Hawaii

female undergraduates were tested on the use of projection
as a mode of dissonance reduction on the model of Bramel’s
study (1962)- The hypotheses (1) that females in the disso­
nance producing interaction would project this dissonance by

143
640-643 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

attributing a homosexual tendency to their partner, and (2)

that culture and personality factors will produce differ­
ences in the respective ethnic group responses appear to be
supported by the data despite some discrepancies in the
results.

640. Tajima, Paul J. "Japanese Buddhism in Hawaii: Its Background,

Origin, and Adaptation to Local Conditions. " Master's thesis
[Asian Studies], University of Hawaii, 1935. 135 pp. UHH

A study of Japanese Buddhist sects, their types of service

and ceremony, their Sunday schools and language schools,
their relations with Shinto organizations, and their trans­
formation and adaptation in Hawaii. [M 530]

641. _____________. "The Japanese Language School Problems in

Hawaii. " The Friend 106(1936): 86-87. UHH

Contains a brief review of the Japanese language school

litigation of the 1920s, statistics on the number of schools
and students, a criticism of reactionary teachers, and
suggestions for eliminating ideas and practices contrary to
Americanism. [M 738]

642. Takahashi, Karen K. "The Role of the Japanese Language School

Principal in Hawaii. " B.A. Honors thesis [Sociology],
University of Hawaii, 1967. 54 pp. UHC

Data obtained in interviews with twelve selected principals

of Japanese language schools are analyzed to determine "the
goal of achievement" of the principals and their perceived
reasons for the continued existence of the Japanese language
school institution. Personal characteristics of the princi­
pals are presented. [R 556]

643. Takano, Ann. "Camp Four. " Social Process in Hawaii 13(1949):
62-65. UHH

Observations on the changing conditions of "Camp Four" in a

plantation on a Neighbor Island composed mostly of Japanese,
touching on such things as the spread of gossip, rise of
nisei, declining Buddhist influence, the 1946 strike, in­
creasing delinquency, and mental illness. [M 644]

144
BIBLIOGRAPHY 644-649

644. Tamanaha, Norma. "'United Japanese' Marks 10th Anniversary,

Murakami Urges Group to Change 'Old Ideas. ’" Hawaii Herald ,
May 29, 1969, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Article focusing on President Mark Y. Murakami's comments

regarding the role and functions of the United Japanese
Society.

645. Tanaka, Kenneth. "Hard Work to Success. " Hawaii Herald ,

November 5, 1970, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Biographical sketch of Toichi Kaneshige from his arrival to

his current activities.

646. Tanaka, Masako. "Religion in Our Family. " Social Process in

Hawaii 12 (1948):14-18. UHH

An account of Buddhism as a stabilizing force in Japanese

family life in Hawaii, especially among old people. A brief
description of traditional Buddhist religious practices and
the role they play in the author’s family. [M 645; R 558]

647. Tanaka, Patrice. "Takasaki Would Like to Teach More. " Hawaii
Herald, September 16, 1971, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Article on Richard Takasaki’s role as interim chancellor of

Manoa Campus, University of Hawaii.

648. ____________ . "Retired. . . But Not Quite. " Hawaii Herald ,

November 4, 1971, p. 3. HH-JARCL

Interview with Shunzo Sakamaki, University of Hawaii Japanese

History professor and past Dean of the University of Hawaii
Summer Session, on his reminiscences of his thirty-five
years on the University of Hawaii faculty.

649. Tanji, Betty Michiko, "A Study of the Cultural Problems

Presented by the Applicants at the Intake Interviews at the
Bureau of Mental Hygiene, Honolulu, Oahu, from January through
December, 1953. " Master's thesis [Social Work], University of
Hawaii, 1953. 81 pp. UHH

145
650-654 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

"The problems as stated by the applicants. . . were studied

in relation to [the applicants'] social characteristics,
their family background and their relationships with members
of their families. " Comparison of the ethnic groups was
confined to Japanese, Caucasians and part-Hawaiians. Pos­
sible influence of the ancestral culture was investigated.
[R 559]

650. Tate, W. A. "The Human Factor in Plantation Employment." The

Friend 91(1922):219-221. UHH

Observation on Japanese laborers, touching on their inherent

prejudice against the management; advocates a study of their
attitude toward their jobs. [M 739]

651. Tezuka, Tatsumaro. "Japanese Emigration to Hawaii Marks the

75th Anniversary; Notes on Robert Walker Irwin. " Tokyo
Municipal News 10(1960): 4-6. UHH

Brief notes on Irwin (1844-1925), who was instrumental in

reopening Japanese immigration to Hawaii in 1885. [M 740]

652. "Thirteen Survive First Families. " Sunday Star-Bulletin and

Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-8. UHL-JARCL

Photographs (with captions) of thirteen surviving children

of the first Japanese immigrants who came to Hawaii in 1868.

653. "30,000 Issei Japanese Still Live in Isles Today. " Honolulu
Star-Bulletin, March 25, 1968, p. B-3. UHL-JARCL

Statements by Kenji Goto, chairman of the Centennial

Celebration, in a speech to the Citizen's Study Club.

654. "To Volunteer or Not? Whether It Is Better to Wait for Uncle

Sam and the Draft? " Paradise of the Pacific 55(1943):11-12. UHH

Personal statement by a University of Hawaii student of

Japanese ancestry, showing his resolve to serve the United
States in the war. [M 741]

146
BIBLIOGRAPHY 655-659

655. Togo, Hiroshi. "The History of the Kahuku Hongwanji Mission. "
Typescript. 2 pp. UHH

A brief history of the Kahuku Japanese Hongwanji Mission,

written by a long-time resident of the plantation community
of Kahuku, Oahu. [M 742]

656. Toyama, Henry, and Kiyoshi Ikeda. "The Okinawan-Naichi

Relationship. " Social Process in Hawaii 14(1950): 51-65. UHH

A study of in-group relationships between Okinawan and

naichi Japanese people in Hawaii, observing the presence of
covert feelings between them. Based mainly on papers writ­
ten by sociology class students, gives insight into stu­
dents' attitudes toward each group and the attitudes of
their parents, most of whom are of the first generation.
[M 646; R 565]

657. Toyama, Tetsuo. Eighty Years in Hawaii. Tokyo:Tosho

Printing Co., 1971. Text in English and Japanese. UHH-JARCL

A largely autobiographical essay of an issei journalist

consisting of news articles and editorials, correspondence,
speeches, personal reminiscences, anecdotes and "capsule
histories" ranging from the 1890s to the present. Photo­
graphs included.

658. "Trouble Plagued Labor Scene: A Strike Ended the Aloha. "
Sunday Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-4.
UHL-JARCL

Brief description of the Japanese labor strikes and condi­

tions from 1890 through the 1940s.

659. Tsuji, James Shinobu. "Ethnic and Sex Factors in Classroom

Responsiveness; Written Responses. " B.A. Honors thesis
[Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1968. 22 pp. UHC

An investigation of the relationship of ethnic and sex

factors in regard to written classroom responses and the
academic achievement of Japanese-American, Caucasian-
American, Chinese-American, and part-Hawaiian-American
college students. Of the 483 subjects studied, 423 were
nonresponders. No significant findings on sex differences

147
660-663 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

or among the ethnic groups were found. However, the differ­

ence between Caucasian-American and Japanese-American and
between part-Hawaiian-American and Japanese-American, was
considerably below the overwhelming difference found by
Hutchinson, Arkoff and Weaver (1966) (entry 269). The
present study confirmed the earlier study in that no differ­
ence was found in academic achievement between those who
respond and those who do not respond.

660. Tsunoda, Kensaku. "United Japanese Society of Honolulu. " Pan-

Pacific Magazine 1(1937):34-35. UHH

A brief history of the Society, with a list of its member-

organizations. [M 743]

661. _____________. "Language Backgrounds of Japanese in Hawaii. "

Social Process in Hawaii 3(1937):20-26. UHH

Notes on the nature of the Japanese language and its modifi­

cations by Japanese immigrants in Hawaii. [M 647]

662. Tsutsumi, Takashi. "History of Hawaii Laborers’ Movement. "

Translated from the Japanese by Umetaro Okumura. Honolulu:
Hawaii Sugar Planter's Association, 1922. 270 pp. HSPA •UHL

A detailed account of the Japanese labor strike of 1920,

written by the secretary of the Federation of Japanese Labor
in Hawaii (later Hawaii Laborers’ Association). Furnishing
background information is a discussion of the labor movement
in general and working conditions on sugar plantations in
Hawaii. This was the first of a projected two volumes, but
the second volume did not appear. [M 531; also M 260 in
Appendix]

663. Tupper, Eleanor, and George E. McReynolds. Japan in American

Public Opinion. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1937. 465 pp. UHL

A study of Japanese-American relations and the American

image of Japan. "The Japanese in Hawaii, " pp. 127-140,
deals mainly with Japanese problems during and after World
War I, labor strikes and language school problems. [M 807]

148
BIBLIOGRAPHY 664-667

664. Tuttle, Daniel W . , Jr. Hawaii Voting Behavior:A Background

Guide to Some Significant Characteristics of Honolulu' s
(Oahu's) 138 Precincts. Honolulu: Hawaii Education
Association, 1965. 287 pp. UHH

Data are given for each representative district and pre­

cinct. Electoral characteristics are given for 1958, 1959,
1960, 1962 and 1964. Partisan characteristics are given for
1959, 1962 and 1964. Socioeconomic characteristics listed
for each precinct were derived from U. S. census reports for
1960. All other sources of data are also cited. No attempt
is made at analysis or evaluation of the published data.
[R 570]

665. Uejio, Clifford K. "Ethnic Group Differences in the Relationship

Between Trusting Attitudes and Cooperative Behavior. " B.A.
Honors thesis [Psychology], University of Hawaii, 1966. 25 pp. UHC

A study of the relationship between cooperative behavior as

measured in a two-person non-zero-sum game, and responses to
attitude measures concerning human nature. Subjects were
forty Japanese-American and forty Caucasian-American female
university students. Differences in cooperative behavior
were analyzed. Results are given in entry 666. [R 572]

666.____ ____________ , and Lawrence S. Wrightsman. "Ethnic Group

Differences in the Relationship of Trusting Attitudes to
Cooperative Behavior. " Psychological Reports 20(1967):563-571.
UHL

Based on data presented in Uejio’s Honors thesis (entry

665). Ethnic group participation in a non-zero-sum game was
varied to observe the effects of interaction. Attitude
measures, as well as ratings on the "other player, " obtained
from a feedback questionnaire administered after the game,
were correlated with cooperative responses. "There were no
significant differences in cooperative behavior between
ethnic groups. Significant relationships with cooperation
were found for a number of attitude scales and trait
ratings. " [R 573]

667. United Japanese Society of Hawaii. History of Japanese in

Hawaii, edited by James H. Okahata. Honolulu: United Japanese
Society of Hawaii, 1971. 431 pp. UHH-JARCL

149
668 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A broad interpretive history of the first hundred years of

Japanese in Hawaii, from the arrival of the first immigrants
in 1868 to the Centennial Celebration in 1968. Ninety-two
pages of photographs.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

668. U. S. Bureau of the Census. Census of the United States.

13th-19th. 1910-1970. UHH

Valuable source of comparative racial statistics. The

following pertain to Hawaii:

a. 13th Census (1910), Statistics for Hawaii, Containing

Statistics of Population, Agriculture, and Manufactures
for the Territory, Counties, and Cities. Washington,
1913. 57 pp.

b. 14th Census (1920), Statistics for Hawaii. Washington,

1921. 16, 23, 17, 3, 10 pp.

c. 15th Census (1930), Statistics for Outlying Territories

and Possessions, Washington, 1931. 338 pp.

d. 16th Census (1940), Reports on Hawaii. Washington,

1942-1943. 5 parts (1, Population; 2, Housing; 3,
Agriculture; 4, Business; 5, Manufactures).

e. 17th Census (1950), Reports on Hawaii. Washington,

1951-1952. 7 parts.

f. 18th Census (1960), Vol. I, Characteristics of the

Population, Part 13: Hawaii. Washington, 1963.

g. 18th Census (1960), General Population Characteristics,

Hawaii. Washington, 1962. 43 pp.

h. 18th Census (1960), General Social and Economic

Characteristics, Hawaii, Final Report. Washington,
1962.

i. 19th Census (1970), General Population Characteristics,

Hawaii. Washington, 1971.

150
BIBLIOGRAPHY 669-672

j. 19th Census (1970), General Social and Economic

Characteristics, Hawaii. Washington, 1971. [M 415]

669. U. S. Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization. Industrial

Conditions in the Hawaiian Islands. Washington, 1913. 46 pp.
UHH-UHL

Includes a report of the Commissioner General of Immigration

on general industrial conditions and a report of the
Immigrant Inspector in Charge of the Hawaiian Islands on
labor conditions, both of which touch upon Japanese immi­
grant labor. [M 416]

670. U. S. (Ninth) Circuit Court of Appeals. Takao Ozawa,

Appellant, v. The United States of America, Appellee. Brief
for Appellant. Honolulu, 1917. 86 pp. UHH

A court case involving Ozawa, a Japanese national who came

to Hawaii in 1906 and instituted a lawsuit in 1914 to obtain
American citizenship. The court found against him, declaring
him ineligible because he was not a "free white person" as
stipulated in the naturalization law then in force. See
entries 549 and 698. [M 417]

671. U. S. Commission to Investigate and Report the Facts Relating to

the Attack Made by Japanese Armed Forces upon Pearl Harbor in
the Territory of Hawaii on December 7, 1941. Attack upon Pearl
Harbor by Japanese Armed Forces. Senate Document 159. 77th
Cong., 2d sess. Washington, 1942. 21 pp. UHH-UHL

A report of the Commission appointed by President Roosevelt,

on military and civilian conditions in Hawaii surrounding
the attack on Pearl Harbor; touches on Japanese people's
conditions and activities. [M 418]

672. U. S. Congress. House. Importation of Japanese Laborers.

House Document 686. 56th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, 1900.
21 pp. UHL

Statements on Hawaii’s need for plantation laborers and the

feasibility of importing Japanese laborers for that purpose.
See entry 683. [M 419]

151
673-676 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

673. U. S. Congress. House. Committee on Immigration and

Naturalization. Hearings Relative to the Excepting of Hawaii
from the Educational Test for Immigrants. Washington, 1912.
67 pp. UHH

Statements for and against the exclusion of Hawaii in apply­

ing educational tests to immigrants on the ground of the
acute labor shortage in Hawaii. Reference is made to
Japanese immigrants and the effects of unrestricted Japanese
immigration to Hawaii. [M 420]

674. . Labor Problems in Hawaii. Hearings on House

Joint Resolution 158 and 171, June 21-August 12, 1921. 67th
Cong., 1st sess. Washington, 1921. (2 parts) 941 pp. UHH-UHL

Hearings on House resolutions providing for emergency mea­

sures, including new immigration, for the acute labor short­
age in Hawaii created as a result of the Japanese strike of
1920. Contains views on Japanese immigrant labor in Hawaii
and on new Japanese immigration, with special reference to
their effects on Hawaii. [M 421]

675. . Labor Problems in Hawaii. Report Accompanying

House Joint Resolution 171, providing for immigration to meet
the emergency caused by the acute labor shortage in Hawaii.
House Report 1717. 67th Cong., 4th sess. Washington, 1923.
2 parts. 9, 14 pp. UHH-UHL

The second part entitled "Labor and Japanese Problems in

Hawaii" represents minority views of the Committee against
renewed immigration of Japanese and other Orientals into
Hawaii. [M 422]

676. U. S. Congress. House. Committee on the Territories.

Employment of Nationals in Hawaii. Hearings, 77th Cong., 1st
sess. Washington, 1942. 16 pp. UHL

Hearings of an act to authorize the employment of foreign

nationals, including Japanese, for any public work of the
United States in Hawaii during the war. It indicates precau­
tions to be taken against possible sabotage by aliens,
especially Japanese. [M 423]

152
BIBLIOGRAPHY 677-681

677. U. S. Congress. House. Committee on the Territories.

Nonassimilability of Japanese in Hawaii and the United States.
Hearings. 67th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, 1922. 65 pp. UHL

Presentation of historical and anthropological data in an

attempt to substantiate the argument that Japanese people in
Hawaii and the Mainland are basically nonassimilable. Some
forty-five reference materials are quoted, including such
works as Okakura Tenshin's The Awakening of Japan (1921),
Payson J. Treat's Japan and the United States, 1853-1921
(1921), H. G. Wells’ The Outline of History (1921), James F.
Abbot’s Japanese Expansion and Japanese Politics (1916), and
a few reports issued by the Smithsonian Institution. [M 424]

678. U. S. Congress. House. Subcommittee of the Committee on the

Territories. Statehood for Hawaii. Hearings, 74th Cong., 1st
sess. Washington, 1936. 343 pp. UHH-UHL

Record and transcript of public hearings held in the

Hawaiian islands on October 7-18, 1935; introduces views,
among other things, on Japanese people in Hawaii. [M 425]

679. ____________ . Statehood for Hawaii. Hearings, 79th Cong., 2d

sess. Washington, 1946. 913 pp. UHH-UHL

Hearings containing references to alien and citizen Japanese

in Hawaii, with comments on their Americanization, population
figures, bank deposits, loyalty, control, war records, etc.
[M 426]

680. U. S. Congress. Joint Committee on Hawaii. Statehood for

Hawaii. 75th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, 1938. 735 pp. UHH-UHL

Hearings similar to entry 679. [M 427]

681. U. S. Congress. Joint Committee on the Investigation of the

Pearl Harbor Attack. Pearl Harbor Attack. Hearings, 79th
Cong., 1st and 2d sess. Washington, 1946. 36 parts. UHH-UHL

Reports of the conditions in Hawaii at the time of the

Japanese attack, with significant references to Japanese
people and their attitudes. [M 428]

153
682-686 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

682. U. S. Congress. Senate. Exclusion of Japanese and Chinese from

American Territory. Senate Document 292. 57th Cong., 1st
sess. Washington, 1902. 3 pp. UHL

A petition from citizens representing Honolulu requesting

Congressional action to completely exclude Japanese and
Chinese from Hawaiian soil. [M 429]

683. . Importation of Japanese Laborers. Senate

_

Document 380. 56th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, 1900. 3 pp. UHL

Statements before the Senate similar to those presented in

the House. See entry 672. [M 430]

684. U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations.

Hawaiian Islands, Report of the Committee on Foreign Relations,
United States Senate, with Accompanying Testimony, and
Executive Documents Transmitted to Congress from January 1,
1893, to March 10, 1894. 2 vols. 53rd Cong., 2d sess.
Washington, 1894. UHH-UHL

A comprehensive report on the investigation of conditions in

Hawaii prior to annexation, containing frequent references
to Japanese in Hawaii; touches on such things as Japanese
ambitions in Hawaiian affairs, their exclusion from suffrage,
characteristics as laborers, interest in political affairs,
immigration, and visits of Japanese warships in the interest
of Japanese residents. [M 431]

685. U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Immigration.

Immigration into Hawaii. Hearings on Senate Joint Resolution
82, August 13, 18, 1921, and June 7, 1922. Washington, 1921-
1922. Ill pp. (2 parts) UHL

Hearings on a Senate resolution providing for immigration to

relieve the emergency shortage of labor in Hawaii following
the 1920 strike of Japanese sugar plantation workers.
Similar to the House hearings. See entry 684. [M 432]

686. _____________. Immigration to Relieve Emergency Caused by

Shortage of Labor in Hawaii. Report to Accompany Senate Joint
Resolution 82. 67th Cong., 4th sess. Senate Report 1252.
Washington, 1923. 8 pp. UHL

154
BIBLIOGRAPHY 687-691

A report on the labor shortage in Hawaii and recommendations

for the importation of new laborers. Touches briefly on the
characteristics of Japanese laborers in Hawaii. [M 433]

687. U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular

Affairs. Statehood for Hawaii. Senate Report 1928. 81st
Cong., 2d sess. Washington, 1950. 2 parts. 59, 29 pp. UHL

Part I, entitled "People of Hawaii, " contains both praise

for the Japanese, especially AJAs, and censure of the per­
sistence of strong Oriental traditions inimical to
Americanism. [M 434]

688. U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Pacific Islands and

Puerto Rico. Report of the Subcommittee of the Committee on
Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico on the Fire Claims.
Washington, 1902. 454 pp. UHL-UHH

Statements regarding the eleven claims advanced by Japanese

and Chinese victims of the fire of 1900 following the out­
break of bubonic plague in downtown Honolulu. [M 435]

689. U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Territories and Insular

Affairs. Administration in Hawaii. Hearings, 72d Cong., 2d
sess. Washington, 1933. 149 pp. UHH-UHL

A general report, including several appendices authored by

University of Hawaii professors and others concerning
Hawaii’s population trends, voting, public and private
(foreign language) schools, and government; statistical
information on Japanese people is also presented. [M 436]

690. U. S. Congress. Senate. Subcommittee on Immigration.

Japanese in Hawaii. 66th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, 1920.
42 pp. UHL

Hearings on a proposed amendment of the immigration act of

1917 to regulate alien, especially Japanese, immigration to,
and residence in, the United States, with views on Japanese
activities and attitudes in Hawaii. [M 437]

691. U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Education. A

Survey of Education in Hawaii. Bulletin No. 16. Washington,
1920. 408 pp. UHH-UHL

155
692-695 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

The report of a team of educational administrators from the

Mainland on educational conditions in Hawaii, including
comments on Japanese language schools, their teaching staffs
and textbooks, as well as their student population. An
appendix, pp. 379-403, shows samples of those textbooks,
with contents inimical to Americanization of the children.
[M 438]

692. U. S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The

Economy of Hawaii in 1947, with Special Reference to Wages,
Working Conditions and Industrial Relations. Department of
Labor Bulletin No. 926. Washington, 1948. 214 pp. UHH-UHL

Report by James H. Shoemaker on economic conditions in

Hawaii containing references to Japanese economic and labor
activities. [M 439]

693. ____________ . Labor Conditions in the Territory of Hawaii,

1929-1930. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor
Statistics No. 534. Washington, 1931. 129 pp. UHH-UHL

Report on labor conditions in Hawaii’s sugar, pineapple,

construction, railroad, and longshore industries, with
occasional references to Japanese workers. [M 440]

694. ____________ . Labor in the Territory of Hawaii, 1939. House

Document 848. 76th Cong., 3d sess. Washington, 1939. 244 pp.
UHH-UHL

A report by James H. Shoemaker on labor conditions in the

sugar and pineapple industries, nonplantation agriculture,
the tourist trade, and subsidiary industries, with occa­
sional references to Japanese laborers. [M 441]

695. _____________. Report of the Commissioner of Labor on Hawaii.

5 reports. Washington, 1902-1916. UHH-UHL

Reports for the years 1901, 1902, 1905, 1910, and 1915,
describing labor conditions in Hawaii, with statistical
tables. References to the Japanese are found in every
report, particularly in that for 1910, which contains a
major review of the 1909 strike of Japanese sugar plantation
workers. [M 442]

156
BIBLIOGRAPHY 696-699

696. U. S. Department of State. Papers Relating to the Foreign

Relations of the United States. Washington, 1868-1943. UHL

The following volumes contain documents relating to Japanese

people in Hawaii:

Papers for 1868/1869, Part I, 746-748, 778-779; Part II,

342-349; for 1885, p. 470; for 1888, Part I, 834, 864-865;
for 1889, p. 545; for 1894, Appendix 2 ("Affairs in Hawaii"),
pp. 416-419, 569, 680, 757, 997-1001, 1247, 1312, 1386; for
1908, pp. 512-515; for 1911, pp. 315-319; for 1917, pp. 848-
876; for 1919, Vol. II, 415-420; for 1920, Vol. II, 604-605;
for 1924, Vol. II, 333-411, 411-413; for 1930, Vol. Ill, 315-
317; Japan 1931-1941, Vol. II, 189-198; for 1933, Vol. Ill,
758-766; and for 1943, Vol. Ill, 1046-1080. [M 443]

697. [U.S. ] General Services Administration. "Japanese Immigration

to Hawaii. " National Archives, Records of the Division of
Territories and Island Possessions, File 9-4-17. 1953. UHL

Correspondence between federal officials in Washington and

Governor Walter F. Frear of Hawaii, dated 1907-1908, regard­
ing Hawaii's need for Japanese immigrant labor. Twenty-five
letters, with enclosures. [M 401]

698. U. S. Supreme Court. "Takao Ozawa v. U. S. " In United States

Reports, Vol. 260: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at
October Term, 1922, pp. 178-198. Washington, 1923. UHL

The Supreme Court decision, rendered on November 13, 1922,

on the appeal of a Japanese national, Takao Ozawa, to obtain
United States citizenship. The decision found him ineligi­
ble for naturalization. See entries 549 and 670. [M 444]

END OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

699. Uto, Hideo. "The Nisei in Japan; Relationship between Nisei

and Japanese. " Social Process in Hawaii 12(1948):43-45. UHH

Observations on the differences in thought and behavior

between nisei of Hawaii and Japanese in Japan. [M 648]

157
700-704 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

700. Uyehara, Yukuo. "Some Aspects of the Teaching of the Japanese

Language in Hawaii. " Social Process in Hawaii 24(1960):84-88. UHH

A description of the various facilities for the instruction

of the Japanese language in Hawaii. [M 649]

701. Vinacke, W. Edgar. "The Judgment of Facial Expressions by

Three National-Racial Groups in Hawaii: I. Caucasian Faces. "
Journal of Personality 17(1949):407-429. UHL

Assesses the judgments of facial expressions of Caucasians by

Japanese, Chinese and Caucasian subjects. "There were no
significant qualitative differences in judgment of facial
expression between the national-racial groups or between the
sexes; however, there are statistically significant quanti­
tative differences in their judgment of Caucasian facial
expressions." [R 575]

702. ____________ . "Stereotyping Among National-Racial Groups in

Hawaii: A Study of Ethnocentrism. " Journal of Social
Psychology 30(1949): 265-291. UHL

A study of stereotyped conceptions of racial groups, their

durability and favorableness. The sample included Japanese,
Chinese, "Haoles, " Koreans, Filipinos, Caucasian-Hawaiians,
and Chinese-Hawaiians. [M 847]

703. ____________ . "Explorations in the Dynamic Processes of

Stereotyping. " Journal of Social Psychology 43(1956):105-132. UHL

An analysis of the processes of intergroup stereotyping as

an aspect of intergroup relations, among several national-
racial groups in Hawaii. [M 846]

704. ____________ . "A Comparison of the Rosenzweig P. F. Study and

the Brown Interracial Version: Hawaii. " Journal of Social
Psychology 49(1959):161-176. UHL

Evaluates the reactions of a mixed group of fifty university

students toward Negroes and Jews, suggesting that "no impor­
tant differences among them [Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese
and part-Hawaiians] were discovered, except that part-
Hawaiians were less ego-defensive than the other groups on

158
BIBLIOGRAPHY 705-707

the Negro items and more need-persistent on the Jewish

items. " [R 578]

705. Vinacke, W. Edgar, and Roberta Wat Fong. "The Judgment of

Facial Expressions by Three National-Racial Groups in Hawaii:
II. Oriental Faces. " Journal of Social Psychology 41(1955):
185-196. UHL

A series of twenty-eight pictures was prepared utilizing

Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Chamorro faces, with fourteen
pictures showing only the face while the remainder showed
the face in its situational context. In their judgment of
facial expressions in both the 'situation-only' and 'face-
only' series, it was found that "from a practical stand­
point, the three national-racial groups do not differ very
much in their judgment of facial expression. " [R 580]

706. Voss, Harwin L. "Insulation and Vulnerability to Delinquency:

A Comparison of the Hawaiians and Japanese. " Ph. D. disserta­
tion [Sociology], University of Wisconsin, 1961. 473 pp. UHH

A study to determine whether the differential involvement in

juvenile delinquent behavior, of the Japanese and Hawaiians
is related to differences in association and self­
conception. Specifically explores two questions: (1)
Official, recorded rates of delinquency of Japanese and
Hawaiians contrast sharply, but do they differ significantly
in terms of unofficial or unrecorded delinquency? (2) If
so, do they differ significantly in terms of differential
association and self-conception? Presentation of strong
evidence supporting the sociocultural interpretation, as
against the psychiatric, of delinquency as behavior learned
in the process of association and facilitated by certain
conceptions of self. [M 532]

707. _____________ . Alcoholism in Hawaii . Economic Research Center.

Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1961. 84 pp. UHH

Reports the nature and extent of alcoholism in Hawaii.

Includes rates of alcoholism by sex and ethnic group and
suggestions for a program of prevention and rehabilitation.
[R 582]

159
708-713 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

708. Wakukawa, Ernest K. A History of the Japanese People in

Hawaii. Honolulu: Toyo Shoin, 1938. 439 pp. AH-HSPA-UHH-JARCL

A general historical account of the Japanese in Hawaii from

the days of chance arrivals to the 50th anniversary of
organized immigration, in 1935. Material arranged chronolog­
ically and topically. [M 533]

709. Walder, Leopold Oscar. "The Effects of Instructions, Order and

Sex-Ethnic Group in Level of Aspiration Situations. " Master’s
thesis [Sociology], University of Hawaii, 1951. 84 pp. UHH

Utilizing Rotter’s aspiration board and a card-sorting task,

sixty-four university students of Japanese and Caucasian
ancestry were studied to determine the influence of the
level of aspiration situation upon a subject’s performance
level, and to determine whether there is a differential
response between the sex and ethnic groups. [R 585]

710. Watanabe, Shichiro. "A Study of Births in the Territory of

Hawaii. " Honolulu Star-Bulletin, June 12, 1937. UHL-UHH

Comments on Japanese birth statistics in Hawaii as they

relate to the Japanese race problem. [M 744]

711. Watanabe, Shinichi. "Diplomatic Relations Between the Hawaiian

Kingdom and the Empire of Japan, 1860-1893. " Master's thesis
[History], University of Hawaii, 1944. 189 pp. UHH

A diplomatic history, centered on Japanese labor immigration

to Hawaii. [M 534]

712. Watanabe, T. "The Japanese Christian Church Situation on the

Island of Hawaii. " The Friend 110(1940): 148. UHH

Report to a Christian ministers' conference as to the larger

number of Buddhists than Christians among the Japanese in
Hawaii and the need to expand Christian missionary activi­
ties. [M 745]

713. Wedge, Bryant M. "Occurrence of Psychosis Among Okinawans in

Hawaii. " American Journal of Psychiatry 109(1952): 255-258. UHL

160
BIBLIOGRAPHY 714-717

A study to test a hypothesis that the mothering practices of

Okinawans afforded protection against psychosis in later
life, with the result showing the untenability of such a
hypothesis; despite the similarity of mothering practices of
Okinawan immigrants in Hawaii to those in their homeland,
Okinawans in Hawaii show a higher rate of psychosis. [M 650]

714. Wedge, Bryant M . , and Shizu Abe. "Racial Incidence of Mental

Disease in Hawaii. " Hawaii Medical Journal 8(1949): 337-338. UHH

A comparative study of mental illness among Hawaii's major

races, indicating a direct correlation between the rate of
major illness and the duration of residence in Hawaii, which
is tentatively believed to reflect the degree of social
disorganization of immigrant groups. [M 848]

715. Weinberg, Daniel Erwin. "The Movement to 'Americanize' the

Japanese Community in Hawaii: An Analysis of the One Hundred
Percent Americanization Activity in the Territory of Hawaii as
Expressed in the Caucasian Press, 1919-1923. " Master's thesis
[History], University of Hawaii, 1967. 142 pp. UHH

Investigation of events directed toward the Americanization

of the Japanese community in Hawaii from 1919-1923 through
an examination of the Caucasian press, available addresses
by legislators, and activities of various organizations with
Caucasian membership and leadership.

716. Weingarten, Victor. Raising Cane, A Brief History of Labor in

Hawaii. International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen's Union
Booklet No. 1. Honolulu, 1946. 46 pp. UHH

A brief historical description of the labor movement in

sugar industry in Hawaii, with occasional references to
Japanese laborers. [M 808]

717. Wenkam, Nao S., and Robert J. Wolff. "A Half Century of
Changing Food Habits Among Japanese in Hawaii. " Journal of the
American Dietetic Association 57(1970): 29-32. UHL

A study of changing dietary patterns of Hawaii Japanese as a

dimension of changing life styles. The switch from a high-
carbohydrate, predominantly vegetarian diet to a "high-
protein and fat 'cosmopolitan' diet" is seen as socially and

161
718-721 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

economically based. The effects of the change on health

appears to have both desirable and undesirable aspects.

718. Werner, Emmey E., Jessie M. Bierman, and Fern E. French. The
Children of Kauai, A Longitudinal Study From the Prenatal
Period to Age Ten. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
1971. 199 pp. UHH-UHL-JARCL

A multidisciplinary study of several thousand families in a

multiracial community designed to test the effects of envi­
ronment, race and child-rearing practices on the maturing
child. Of special interest is the chapter on ethnic differ­
ences in health, abilities, and achievement.

719. Westervelt, William Drake. The Japanese Consul. Honolulu:

Paradise of the Pacific Print, 1904. 3 pp. UHH

A very brief sketch of Ando Taro, the first Japanese Consul

General in Honolulu (1886-1889), who was converted to
Christianity during his term of office. [M 535]

720. White, James E. "The Japanese of Hawaii, 1941-1945. " Master's

thesis [History], University of Chicago, 1950. 100 pp. UHH

A historical survey of the Japanese people in Hawaii during

the war, with emphasis on their contributions and problems.
Includes a comparison of the degree of acceptance with which
first- and second-generation Japanese received the news of
the surrender of Japan. Also contains a discussion of some
of the psychological problems, attributed to their difficult
position during the war, which were experienced by the
first-generation Japanese. [M 536; R 595]

721. Wills, A. L. "History of Labor Relations in Hawaii. " In

Social-Economic Trends Committee Report of Hawaii Education
Association, pp. 92-102. Honolulu, 1946. Mimeographed. UHH

A brief history of the labor movement in Hawaii, touching on

Japanese laborers and the strikes of 1909 and 1920, which
the author views as organized along r a c i a l , rather than
labor, lines. This article was reprinted in the author's
Labor-Management Relations in Hawaii , Industrial Relations
Center, University of Hawaii, 1955, pp. 1-16. [M 849]

162
BIBLIOGRAPHY 722-726

722. Wilson, Warner, and Myra Kayatani. "Intergroup Attitudes and

Strategies in Games Between Opponents of the Same or of a
Different Race. " Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
9(1968):24-30. UHL

Fifty-six two-person teams, twenty-eight composed of two

Caucasians and twenty-eight composed of two Japanese, played
a modified P risoner’s Dilemma game, one-half playing teams of
"the other race. . . . The findings did not. . . support
the hypothesis that intergroup differences detrimentally
influence intergroup relations, but did support previous
findings by showing more cooperation towards the ingroup
. . . and an attitudinal bias toward the outgroup. . . . "

723. Wittermans-Pino, Elizabeth. "Inter-ethnic Relations in a

Plural Society. " Ph. D. dissertation [Social Science],
University of Leyden, 1964. 180 pp. UHH

A study of race relations in Hawaii, analyzing H a w a i i ’s past

and present society and the structural dynamics of its
inter-ethnic relations. Scattered references to the
Japanese throughout. [M 809]

724. Wold, Tom. "A Man of Eminence is President of United Japanese

Society. " Hawaii Herald , July 16, 1970, p. 1. HH-JARCL

Story on Dr. Ken Kuwata, the President of the United

Japanese Society for 1970-71, his comments and plans.

725. _____________ . "New Monument for Japanese Navy Sailors. "

Hawaii Herald , July 30, 1970, p. 1. HH-JARCL

Story of Shigeo Shigenaga and the Hawaii Meiji-Kai’s efforts

to restore the Mikasa , a Japanese warship, and to construct
a monument for Japanese sailors buried here.

726. _____________ . "Izumo Taisha Served Honolulu for 62 Years. "

Hawaii Herald , October 14, 1970, p. 1. HH-JARCL

Article on the Izumo Taisha Shinto shrine in Hawaii. Sym­

bolism of its architecture explained.

163
727-731 TEE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

727. Wold, Tom. "First Japanese Citizen to Discover America. "

Hawaii Herald, January 21, 1971, p. 1. HH-JARCL

Story of Manjiro Nakahama told by Willard Delano Whitfield,

the great-grandson of the American whale ship captain who
rescued Manjiro.

728. . "War Brides in Hawaii. " Hawaii Herald, February

18, 1971, p. 8. HH-JARCL

First of a series of articles on Japanese war brides and

international marriages. This particular article focused on
Hatsuko Abe Tsuroda.

729. . "She Found a Husband in Japan. " Hawaii Herald ,

February 25, 1971, p. 1. HH-JARCL

Article on Mrs. Wake Fujioka, an American girl who went to

Japan to find a husband.

730. Won, George, and George Yamamoto. "Social Structure and

Deviant Behavior: A Study of Shoplifting. " Sociology and
Social Research 53(1968): 44-55. UHL

Investigation of the relationship between social class and

shoplifting in which 493 cases of alleged shoplifting from
major Honolulu supermarkets were examined. Results indicate
that supermarket shoplifting is "numerically and proportion­
ately a middle income phenomenon and not a lower economic
group phenomenon. " A comparison by ethnicity shows that
Caucasians are represented proportionately to their popula­
tion in shoplifting tables; that Japanese and Filipinos are
underrepresented; and all others are to some degree over­
represented, Hawaiians having the largest number of offenders
proportionate to their population.

731. Worth, Robert M . , and Abraham Kagan. "Ascertainment of Men of

Japanese Ancestry in Hawaii Through World War II Selective
Service Registration. " Journal of Chronic Diseases 23(1970):
389-397. UHL

A largely methodological report on sampling technique. Use

of World War II Selective Service registration proved theo­
retically useful in locating 85 percent of the eligible men

164
BIBLIOGRAPHY 732-736

on Oahu for the Honolulu Heart Study. Discussion of a

preliminary analysis of mortality follows.

732. Wray, Albert. "The Menace of Dual-Citizenship. " Paradise of

the Pacific 52(1940): 9. UHH

A comment on the question of loyalty of Americans of

Japanese ancestry and their dual-citizen status as inimical
to American security. [M 746]

733. Yama, Evelyn K . , and Agnes M. Niyekawa. "Chowado. " Social

Process in Hawaii 16 (1952): 48-58. UHH

A description of the Chowado Buddhist sect, a splinter of

the Shingon sect in Hawaii, presented in the form of a
biographical account of its founder, Fujita Reisai. [M 651]

734. Yamada, Kazue. "Changing Marriage Customs of My Neighborhood. "

Social Process in Hawaii 12(1948): 5— 8. UHH

Comments on Japanese marriage customs as observed by the

author in 1940, 1942, 1944 and 1948, in a plantation village
on a neighbor island. Descriptions range from a traditional
Japanese arranged marriage to a love-match celebrated in
Western style. [M 652; R 605]

735. Yamada, Nancy. "My Neighborhood. " Social Process in Hawaii 13

(1949): 33-38. UHH

Observations on race relations, means of livelihood, recre­

ational facilities, and changing customs and attitudes in
"Camp Six, " on a Neighbor Island plantation. [M 653]

736. Yamamoto, Bernard K. "The Assimilation of the Japanese and

Juvenile Delinquency. " Social Process in Hawaii 5(1939): 51-54. UHH

An increase in juvenile delinquency among Japanese youths in

Hawaii is attributed to rupturing homogeneity and declining
social control among the Japanese, and to the force of
individualistic American culture. [M 654]

165
737-741 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

737. Yamamoto, George K. "Social Adjustment of Caucasian-Japanese

Marriages in Honolulu. " Master’s thesis [Sociology], University
of Hawaii, 1949. 103 pp. UHH

An exploration of social adjustments in mixed marriages,

touching on the extent and trend of Japanese outmarriage and
associated social conditions, problems of relations with
in-laws, cultural values affecting husband-wife relations,
accommodation to the wider community, etc. [M 537]

738. _____________. "Some Patterns of Mate Selection Among Naichi

and Okinawans on Oahu. " Social Process in Hawaii 21(1957):42-
49. UHH

A survey of intermarriage between Okinawans and naichi

Japanese on Oahu, based on marriage notices in the English
section of the Hawaii Times during the period from 1941 to
1950. [M 655]

739. _____________. "Political Participation Among Orientals in

Hawaii. " Sociology and Social Research 43(1959):359-364. UHL

A study of political participation among Oriental people in

Hawaii as an indicator of their assimilation in Hawaiian
(American) society. U. S. census and other statistical
sources are utilized for the study. [M 850]

740. "The Law: Its AJA Membership Grows. " Sunday

Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-18. UHL-JARCL

Brief history of the Japanese-Americans in the law profes­

sion ranging from Arthur Ozawa, the first lawyer of Japanese
ancestry in Hawaii, to others in the State Supreme Court and
the U. S. House of Representatives.

741. Yamamoto, Misako. "Cultural Conflicts and Accommodations of

the First and Second Generation Japanese. " Social Process in
Hawaii 4(1938):40-48. UHH

Comments on problems of accommodation among issei and nisei

resulting from different cultural milieus in which the two
groups were raised. [M 656]

166
BIBLIOGRAPHY 742-746

742. Yamamoto, Tamiko. "Adjustments of War Brides in Hawaii. "

Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory Report No. 17.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1950. 14 pp. Mimeographed. UHH

Study of the degree to which war brides from Germany, Italy,

and Japan were able to successfully adjust to life in
Hawaii. Based on interviews. [M 657]

743. . "Trends in Marriage Practices Among the Nisei in

Hawaii. " Romanzo Adams Social Research Laboratory Report No.
21. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1952, 11 pp. Mimeo­
graphed. UHH

A report of this aspect of the nisei struggle to assimilate,

treating intergenerational conflicts and accommodations.
[M 658]

744. Yamamoto, Tsuneichi. "Japanese Yesterdays in Hawaii. "

Honolulu Star-Bulletin. September 30, 1966-February 17, 1968. UHL

A weekly series of articles on the experiences of the

Japanese in Hawaii. Written by the retired president of the
Hawaii Hochi Press, they are based mainly on his own recol­
lections. The series presumably commemorates the approaching
centennial of Japanese immigration to Hawaii. Some titles
in this series are: " . . . Banzai to Grandpa! " " . . . The
Banyan Tree and Its Spirit, " "King Kalakaua and Sumo
Wrestlers, " "Emperor Meiji and Charles Reed Bishop, "
"Language Barriers, " " . . . Margaret and Sylvester; Crater
Suicide, " "Honolulu’s Plague and the Great Fire. " [M 747]

745. . "Chamber Got Birth in Disastrous Fire. " Sunday

_

Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-7. UHL-JARCL

The retired editor of the Hawaii Hochi writes of the history

of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce in Hawaii, "one of the
oldest and most influential organizations in the Japanese
community. "

746. . "Kuakini Got Start as Charity Hospital. " Sunday

_

Star-Bulletin and Advertiser, June 16, 1968, p. D-16. UHL-JARCL

Brief account of the Japanese Charity Hospital founded on

July 15, 1900 by the Japanese Benevolent Society established

167
747-750 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

to assist immigrants "who encountered financial distress due

to unexpected reverses, disasters, or illnesses. " Also
touches upon early Japanese physicians in Hawaii.

747. Yamamura, Douglas S., and Raymond E. Sakumoto. "Inter-ethnic

Friendship and Dating Patterns. " Social Process in Hawaii
19(1955): 35-44. UHH

An investigation of friendship and dating patterns among 605

University of Hawaii undergraduate students revealed a
"considerable movement toward more intimate cross-ethnic
associations, " especially among numerically smaller Island
groups. The Japanese ranked lowest and the Hawaiians high­
est in inter-ethnic friendship and dating patterns, and
females tended to display the disposition more than males in
the study. The authors feel that "barring unforeseen events
that may divide the community, the tempo of change towards
the complete amalgamation and assimilation of the diverse
elements of the Hawaiian population will increase as the
third and fourth generations come of age. "

748. , and Mayer Zald. "A Note on the Usefulness and

Validity of the Herbst Family Questionnaire. " Human Relations
9(1956):217-221. UHL

The Herbst Family Questionnaire was used to investigate the

relationship of family structure to authoritarianism among
some Japanese-American college students and was found to be
inadequate. [R 618]

749. Yashima, Dorothy. "My Family. " Social Process in Hawaii

12(1948): 23-26. UHH

A report on the functions of parents, Buddhist influences,

annual observances, and marriage customs in the author’s
family. [M 659]

750. Yoneda, Karl. "Brief History of Japanese Labor in Hawaii. "

Hawaii Pono Journal 1(1971): 1—9. UHL-JARCL

Lecture delivered in an Ethnic Studies course on Hawaii at

the University of California, Berkeley in October 1970
touching on early Japanese labor problems and strikes in
Hawaii.

168
BIBLIOGRAPHY 751-756

751. Yoshida, Shigeo. "Speak American. " Hawaii Educational Review

3 1(1942):106. UHH

A radio address by the principal of Ala Moana School, urging

the Japanese people in Hawaii to speak English as much as
possible as an indication of their complete loyalty to the
United States in the war. [M 748]

752. . In Memoriam. University of Hawaii Occasional

Papers No. 44. Honolulu, 1946. 14 pp. UHH

An address in honor of the University of Hawaii Varsity

Victory Volunteers of Japanese ancestry who died in World
War II. [M 538]

753. Yoshida, Yosaburo. "Sources and Causes of Japanese

Emigration. " The Annals of the American Academy of Political
and Social Science 34 (1909): 157-167. UHL

A brief discussion of the factors in Japanese emigration

overseas, such as population increase, economic pressure,
and the attractions of various foreign lands for prospective
emigrants; also indicates principal areas from which people
emigrated, such as the prefectures of Hiroshima, Kumamoto,
and Yamaguchi. [M 851]

754. Yoshikami, Egen I. "Story of the Byodo-in-Temple. " Hawaii

Herald , June 3, 1971, p. 7; June 10, 1971, p. 7. HH-JARCL

Parts I and II of a review of the rise of Buddhism with

emphasis on the Byodo-in-Temple in Hawaii by the Resident
Minister of the Byodo-in-Temple in Kaneohe.

755. Yoshinaga, Toshimi. "Japanese Buddhist Temples in Honolulu. "

Social Process in Hawaii 3(1937):36-42. UHH

A description of the temple buildings and types of services

of several Buddhist sects in Honolulu. [M 660]

756. Yoshizawa, Emi. "A Japanese Family in Rural Hawaii. " Social
Process in Hawaii 3(1937):56-63, UHH

169
757-758 THE JAPANESE IN HAWAII

A description of the a u thor’s family as representative of

the traditional patriarchal Japanese family. [M 661]

757. Young W o m e n ’s Christian Association. International Institute.

Hui Manaolana. Japanese Foods: Tested Recipes . Honolulu,
1951. 126 pp. Rev. e d . Honolulu, 1956. 118 pp. UHH

Recipes for Japanese, cuisine, issued as a public service.

[M 539]

758. Zald, Mayer. "Family Patterns and ’Authoritarianism’ Among

Some Japanese-American Students. " M a s t e r ’s thesis [Sociology],
University of Hawaii, 1955. 89 pp. UHH

An attempt to establish a correlation between the authori­

tarian tendency in individuals and certain aspects of famil­
ial relationships among Americans of Japanese ancestry.
[M 540]

170
ADDENDUM

Ariyoshi, Koji. "Nisei in Hawaii. " Japan Quarterly 20(1973):

437-446. UHA-UHL

An historical summary of the nisei experience in Hawaii, from

their rejected, oppressed, and untrusted status in a "racist and
white chauvinist" society, to their eventual material and politi­
cal success in postwar Hawaii. The World War II experience, the
growth of the trade union movement, and the cultural heritage of
the nisei are viewed as essential ingredients in the postwar
ascendency of Hawaii's Japanese Americans. However, attention to
generational differences, to sansei influences, and to the need
for change and innovation are also suggested in view of contempo­
rary pressures for social and political change in present-day
Hawaii.

Crowningburg-Amalu, Samuel. Jack Burns A Portrait in Transition.

Honolulu: The Mamalahoa Foundation, Inc., 1974. 477 pp. JARCL-UHH-UHL

A broad, interpretive account of the experiences of John A. Burns,

governor of Hawaii from 1962-1974. The work is "not a bibliogra­
phy in the traditional sense; rather it is a series of vignettes
woven in the context of the historical stream of Hawaii. " Refer­
ences throughout to the social and political experiences of
Japanese Americans and to various persons of Japanese ancestry
associated with Jack Burns.

Haar, Francis, and Prithwish Neogy. Artists of Hawaii, Vol. I,

nineteen Painters and Sculptors. Honolulu: The State Foundation on
Culture and the Arts and The University Press of Hawaii, 1974.
150 pp.

A largely pictorial work concerning some of Hawaii's important

painters and sculptors, including the Japanese American artists
Isami Doi, Satoru Abe, Sueko M. Kimura, and Tadashi Sato. Bio­
graphical data and artists' statements are provided for each of
the nineteen artists discussed. Photographs by Francis Haar,
interviews by Prithwish Neogy with an introduction by Jean
Charlo t .

Kitano, Harry H. L. Race Relations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice

Hall, Inc., 1974. 299 pp. JARCL-UHL

171
 ADDENDUM

An investigation of race relations in the United States, based on

an examination of racial attitudes of early European immigrants and
on the more recent experiences of selected non-European immigrants.
Part I of the book presents theories of racial interaction, exam­
ines racial goals in America, and "explores the question, ’Is
conflict inevitable? ’" Part II applies these perspectives to the
experiences of the major American minorities, including those of
the Japanese Americans (pp. 213-231), and analyzes their "culture,
power, styles and goals.... within the context of their ’accept­
ability and desirability’ to the group in power. "

Miyake, Hideaki, ed. "Japanese-Americans Share their Views. "

Economic Salon, July, 1974, pp. 54-59. JARCL-UHL

An interview with five Hawaii businessmen— Richard Iida, Arthur Y.

Muraoka, Glenn K. Okada, Allan S. Totoki, and James H. Yoshimura—
and one educator, Dr. Dennis M. Ogawa, regarding how Japanese
Americans view themselves and their heritage vis-a-vis Japan and
the United States today. Particular attention is given to contem­
porary social and business issues.

Sue, Stanley, and Harry H. L. Kitano, Issue Editors. "Asian

Americans: A Success Story?" Journal of Social Issues, vol. 29,
no. 2. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Society for the Psychological Study of
Social Issues, 1973. 218 pp. JARCL-UHL

A collection of social science materials concerning the status of

Chinese and Japanese Americans in the United States. The papers
are organized into two major categories: "The acceptance of
Asians in American society, and the psychological well-being of
Asian Americans. " Articles of relevance to this bibliography
include: "The Model Minorities" (Kitano and Sue); "The Forced
Evacuation of the Japanese Minority during World War II" (S. Frank
Miyamoto); "Socioeconomic Mobility Among Three Generations of
Japanese Americans" (Gene N. Levine and Darrel M. Montero); "In­
termarriage and Ethnic Boundaries: The Japanese American Case"
(John N. Tinker); "Interracial Marriage: A Picture of the
Japanese Americans" (Akemi Kikumura and Kitano); "Stereotypes as a
Measure of Success" (Sue and Kitano); "A Typological Approach to
the Psychological Study of Chinese and Japanese American College
Males" (Derald W. Sue and Austin C. Frank); "Political Activation
of Japanese American Youth" (Minako K. Maykovich); and "The World
of the Elderly Asian American" (Richard A. Kalish and Sharon
Moriwaki).

172
APPENDIX I
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

All About Hawaii (Hawaiian Almanac and Annual). 1875 to date.

Honolulu. UHH

The almanac of Hawaii, initiated by Thomas G. Thrum and now

published by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Contains many
brief notices and statistics relating to the Japanese.
[M 871]

The Boy. December, 1916-June, 1919. Honolulu.

Makiki Christian Church

A monthly publication started by Rev. Okumura Takie of the

Makiki Christian Church for young Americans of Japanese
ancestry. Superseded by New Americans in July 1919. [M 872]

The Commercial Hawaii. January, 1959-January, 1965. Honolulu. UHH

Monthly, later bimonthly, publication of general circula­

tion, published by the Hawaii Mainichi Press. [M 873]

Daily Bulletin. February 1, 1882-May 16, 1895. Honolulu. AH-UHL

A daily newspaper of general circulation. Superseded by the

Evening Bulletin on May 16, 1895. [M 852]

Daily Post Herald. January, 1917-October, 1922. Hilo, Hawaii.

Hawaii County Library

A daily newspaper of general circulation on the Big Island.

[M 853]

Evening Bulletin. May 16, 1895-June 30, 1912. Honolulu. AH-UHL

A daily newspaper of general circulation, superseding the

Daily Bulletin on May 16, 1895. This was, in turn, super­
seded by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin on July 1, 1912. [M 854]

175
 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

The Friend. January, 1843-May/June, 1954. Honolulu. AH-UHH

A monthly missionary journal devoted to general social

issues containing occasional articles on the Japanese peo­
ple. Not published from March 1851 to April 1852. [M 874]

Garden Island. July, 1902 to date. Lihue, Kauai. UHH

A semiweekly newspaper of general circulation in Kauai.

[M 855]

Hawaii. March, 1940-May/June, 1946. Honolulu. AH-UHH

A bimonthly magazine of general news and comments. [M 875]

Hawaii Herald. August, 1896-February, 1923. Hilo, Hawaii.

Hawaii County Library

A weekly newspaper of general circulation on the Big Island.

[M 856]

Hawaii Herald. March, 1969 to date. Honolulu. HH

A weekly newspaper of general circulation on Oahu.

Hawaii Tribune-Herald. (January 1923) March, 1964 to date.

Hilo, Hawaii. UHH

A daily newspaper of general circulation on the Big Island.

Its original name, from January 1923 to February 1964, was
Hilo Tribune-Herald. [M 857]

Hawaiian Gazette. January 21, 1865-October 18, 1918.

Honolulu. AH-UHL(microfilm)

A semiweekly newspaper of general circulation, whose fre­

quency varied in later years. [M 858]

Hawaiian Planters' Monthly. April, 1882-December, 1909.

Honolulu. UHH-HSPA

176
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

A monthly publication of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters'

Association, with news and statistics about the sugar indus­
try. Known as Planters' Monthly from April 1882 to December
1894. Superseded by Hawaiian Planters' Record in December,
1909. [M 876]

Hawaiian Planters' Record. December, 1909 to date. Honolulu.

UHH-HSPA

Successor to Hawaiian Planters' Monthly. Frequency varied:

monthly from July 1909 to January 1922; quarterly from April
1922 to 1948; semiannual, 1949-1950; and annual from 1951
on. [M 877]

Hawaiian Star. March 28, 1893-June 30, 1912. Honolulu. AH-UHL

A daily (except Sunday) newspaper of general circulation.

On July 1, 1912, it merged with the Evening Bulletin to form
the Honolulu Star-Bulletin. [M 859]

Hilo Daily Tribune. September, 1913-December, 1922. Hilo,

Hawaii. Hawaii County Library

A daily newspaper of general circulation on the Big Island.

Superseded by the Hilo Tribune-Herald in January 1923.
[M 860]

Hilo Tribune. November, 1895-December, 1932. Hilo, Hawaii.

Hawaii County Library

A weekly newspaper of general circulation on the Big Island.

[M 861]

Hilo Tribune-Herald. January, 1923-February, 1964. Hilo,

Hawaii. Hawaii County Library

A daily newspaper of general circulation on the Big Island,

superseding the Hilo Daily Tribune. The name was changed to
Hawaii Tribune-Herald in March 1964. [M 862]

177
 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

Honolulu Advertiser. April 1, 1921 to date. Honolulu.

AH-UHL(microfilm)

The oldest extant newspaper in Hawaii, this daily of general

circulation was known as the Pacific Commercial Advertiser
until March 1921. The issue for February 17, 1935, devotes
considerable space to the Japanese in Hawaii, in commemora­
tion of the 50th anniversary of Japanese government contract
immigration. An entire issue of 50 pages comprised the
U. S.-Japan centennial edition on September 23, 1960. Since
July 1, 1962, the Sunday edition is a combined Advertiser-
Star-Bulletin issue. [M 863]

Honolulu Star-Bulletin. July 1, 1912 to date. Honolulu. AH-UHL

A daily (except Sunday until October 31, 1959) newspaper of

general circulation, begun with the merger of the Evening
Bulletin and Hawaiian Star. The September 22, 1960 issue
contains a "Japanese 75th Anniversary Section" of 24 pp.
celebrating the 75th anniversary of the arrival of the first
government contract labor immigrants from Japan. Since July
1, 1962, the Sunday edition is a combined Advertiser-Star-
Bulletin issue. [M 864]

Independent. June 24, 1895-October 31, 1905. Honolulu. AH-UHH

A daily (except Sunday) newspaper of general circulation.

[M 865]

Kona Echo. February 3, 1897-July 7, 1951. Holualoa and Kailua-

Kona, Hawaii. UHH

This was begun as a monolingual Japanese newspaper, the

private endeavor of a Kona physician, Dr. (Harvey) Saburo
Hayashi. In time he added a regular English section, and
the newspaper became monolingual, English, from June 20,
1940. Frequency of issue varied among biweekly, monthly,
and was a bimonthly for the last ten years. The April 1,
1. 950 issue carries a brief historical account of the newspa­
per. [M 866]

Kona Torch. July, 1961 to date. Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. Kona Torch

A weekly newspaper of general circulation. [M 867]

178
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

Kona Torch Directory to Kona. 1966 to date. Kailua-Kona,

Hawaii. Kona Torch

A quarterly publication of the Kona Torch, containing sta­

tistics and lists of government officials and agencies,
schools, churches, and miscellaneous organizations for the
general interest of Kona residents and tourists. Includes
information on the ethnic makeup of Kona’s population and
various Japanese organizations in Kona. [M 878]

Maui News. February, 1900 to date. Wailuku, Maui. Maui News-UHH

A semiweekly newspaper of general circulation in Maui.

[M 868]

Mid-Pacific Magazine. January, 1911-October/December, 1936

(April/June, 1954). Honolulu. AH-UHH

Monthly publication of the Pan-Pacific Union of Honolulu,

with topical news and comments. During a period of sus­
pended publication, 1937-1953, the Pan-Pacific magazine
substituted. Quarterly issue from April 1934 to October/
December 1936. [M 879]

The New Americans. July 1919-Spring, 1934. Honolulu.

UHH-Makiki Christian Church

Sequel to The Boy. It served as the official organ of the

New Americans Conference of Americans of Japanese ancestry.
[M 880]

Nisei in Hawaii and the Pacific. Summer 1947-Fall 1956.

Honolulu. UHH

A quarterly publication with news of interest to Americans

of Japanese ancestry. [M 881]

Pacific Commercial Advertiser. July 2, 1856-March 30, 1921.

Honolulu. AH-UHL

The oldest newspaper in Hawaii, this daily newspaper of

general circulation was retitled Honolulu Advertiser in

179
 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

April 1921. It was a major journal of opinion for Hawaii's

Caucasian oligarchy of the early days. [M 869]

Pan-Pacific. January/March, 1937-July/September, 1941.

Honolulu. AH-UHH

A quarterly publication of the Pan-Pacific Union of

Honolulu, replacing Mid-Pacific Magazine during its tempo­
rary suspension. [M 882]

Paradise of the Pacific. January, 1888-December, 1962.

Honolulu. AH-UHH

A monthly publication of general circulation, with popular

topical articles. [M 883]

Voice of Labor. November 4, 1935-July 6, 1939. Honolulu. UHH-UHL

A weekly newspaper for the working people of Hawaii, initi­

ated by a group of maritime workers. The first labor news­
paper in Hawaii, with the objectives of arousing class
consciousness and promoting interracial solidarity among
Hawaii's labor. The I L W U , organized in 1937-1938, took
control of the paper in 1938. [M 870]

180
APPENDIX II
JAPANESE MATERIALS

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

1.

Gaimusho. Dai Nihon gaiko monjo [Papers relating to the foreign

relations of Japan]. 41 vols. Tokyo, 1936-1961 (in progress).
(With Vol. X et seq., the title is Nihon gaiko monjo. ) UHOC

This set of documents of the Japanese Foreign Ministry

contains many records and reports on the Japanese in Hawaii,
describing their activities and problems as immigrants. Each
volume is devoted to one year, beginning with Vol. I for
Meiji 1 (1868). The compilation is still in progress, and
UHOC is subscribing to a complete set. References to the
Japanese in Hawaii are found in the following volumes and
pages:

1, Pt. 1, 599-605, 608, 615-621, 623-628, 645-646, 650-655,

693-694, 741-742; I, Pt. 2, 71-72, 79-80, 119-121, 411-416;
II, Pt. 1, 232-234, 304-305, 313-315, 364-367, 406-407, 418-
438, 440-441, 510-516, 527-528, 555-558, 584-586, 667-670,
757-759, 765-766, 778-780, 782-783, 798-801, 804-816; II, Pt.
2, 93-94, 117-124, 133-135, 139-149, 154-161, 166, 211-213,
275-276, 324-325, 414-415, 503-507, 516-517, 556-559, 642-
643, 718-719, 808-810, 838-841, 848-854, 867-870, 874-877;
II, Pt. 3, 137-139, 293-296, 403-405, 425-432, 452-456, 482-
488, 504-505, 518-519, 603-615, 695-700; III, 252-269, 435-
459; IV, 528-569; XII, 346-353; XIV, 260-270; XV, 157-158;
XVI, 257-261; XVII, 290-292; XVIII, 491-518; XIX, 461-506,
Attachment, 35-41; XXI, 383-464; XXII, 518-545; XXIII, 427-
471; XXIV, 426-435; XXV, 683-733; XXVI, 163-169, 752-788,
869-967; XXVII, Pt. 1, 336-352; XXVII, Pt. 2, 666-682;
XXVIII, 693-700; XXIX, 976-994; XXX, 659-1060; XXXI, Pt. 2,
151-242; XXXII, 794-816; XXXIII, 572-637; XXXIV, 956-974;
XXXV, 819-856; XXXVI, Pt. 2, 554-561; XXXVII, Pt. 2, 292-317;
XXXVIII, Pt. 2, 307-343; XXXIX, Pt. 2, 278-319; XL, Pt. 3,
700-760; XLI, Pt. 2, 713-721.

183
2-5 JAPANESE MATERIALS

2.

Gaimusho Tsushokyoku. Imin ohosa hokoku [Reports of investiga­

tions on immigrants]. No. 1 (December 1908) and No. 9 (March
1912). UHOC

No. 1 has a report by Consul General Saito Kan on the general

condition of the immigrants in Hawaii in the early twentieth
century (46 pp. ), and No. 9 contains a report by Nakamura
Osamu, a consular official, on the conditions of the immi­
grants on the island of Maui in 1912. (pp. 177-207)

3.

Gaimusho America-kyoku Hokubei-ka. Zaibei soryojikan ryojikan

kannai gaikyo [General conditions of the areas under jurisdic­
tion of the Consulates General and Consulates in the United
States]. 11 vols. Tokyo, 1956-1965 (in progress).
Japanese Consulate General of Honolulu

Annual reports issued by the Japanese Foreign Ministry based

on the reports of the Consulates General and Consulates in the
United States. Each volume contains a section on Hawaii and
Samoa, about 35 pages in length, describing the geography,
political and economic conditions, conditions of the Japanese
people and community, and official business conducted by the
Consulate General in Hawaii.

4. Hawaii County Library. File of Labor Contract Papers.

"Memoranda of Agreement. " 1889 and 1894.
Hawaii County Library, Hilo

Two labor contracts, each in Japanese and English, between

the Hawaiian Government and Japanese immigrants and related
documents. The 1889 contract, in the original, appears on
one sheet of paper and is accompanied by a passport for the
immigrant signing the contract; the 1894 contract for another
immigrant consists of five photocopies of original documents.

5. Japanese Consulate General of Honolulu Documents. Honolulu,

1885-1967. Japanese Consulate General of Honolulu

184
JAPANESE MATERIALS 6

These documents include the following:

"Honsekichi chobo" ["Records of permanent

domiciles"]. 8 books. c. 1900. Records of the permanent
domiciles, or Japanese home addresses, of the immigrants
registered at the Consulate General by the end of the nine­
teenth century.

"Ijuminkyoku ofuku" ["Correspondence

relative to the Immigration Bureau"]. 1891-1893. A file of
documents issued by and about the Japanese Immigration
Bureau operating in conjunction with the Japanese Consulate
General in Hawaii. Included are a number of letters by the
Bureau's chief, Nakayama Joji, concerning the activities and
problems of the immigrants.

"Koseki Kado" ["Household cards"]. 1885-1967.

Working cards, numbering about 50, 000, one card for each
household in Hawaii containing information on permanent
domiciles, current address, dates of entry and departure, and
dates of births and deaths in the household.

"Nyukoku chobo" ["Records of entry"]. 19 books.

1885-1910. Dates of entry of contract and free labor immi­
grants, with names.

"Shutsugoku chobo" ["Records of departure"]. 30

books. 1909-1941. Dates of departure of Japanese immigrants
from Hawaii, with names.

"Seishi todokegaki" ["Registration of births and

deaths"]. 1891-1893.

"Shibo kiroku" ["Records of deaths"]. 5 books.

1890-1913.

"Shussho kiroku" ["Records of births"]. 6

books. 1898-1913.

6. Onomichiya Travel Agency File of Immigration Papers. 1888-1915.

Onomichiya Travel Agency, Honolulu

185
7-8 JAPANESE MATERIALS

Contents: two contract labor agreements, each in Japanese

and English, dated December 1888 and May 1891, respectively,
between Robert W. Erwin, Hawaiian Minister Resident in Japan
and Special Agent of Hawaii's Bureau of Immigration, and
Japanese immigrants, executed in Japan.

Eight passports issued by the Japanese Foreign Ministry for

individual immigrants, dated 1888-1915.

TRAVEL AGENCY RECORDS CONCERNING IMMIGRANTS

7. Records Pertaining to Travel to and from Hawaii, Household Regis­

tration, and Conscription Deferment of Japanese Immigrants.
Honolulu, 1901-1941. Located at seven travel agencies in
Honolulu, as described below.

Private Japanese hotels operating from the early days of

Japanese immigration up to the outbreak of World War II
often served as "agents" of the Japanese government and
immigration companies in handling paper work for immigrants.
Several of these hotel-travel agencies have survived to the
present day, and their records with them. Their names and
holdings are as follows:
Kawasaki Travel Service. Individual cards. 1901-1941.
Kobayashi Travel Service. 30 books. 1904-1941.
Komatsuya Travel Agency. 35 books. 1904-1941.
Komeya Hotel and Travel Service. 12 books. 1917-1941.
Nakamura Travel Service. 18 books. 1901-1907, 1910-1941.
Onomichiya Travel Agency. 33 books. 1906-1941.
Tohoku Travel Service. 8 books. 1917-1941.

GENERAL BOOKS AND ARTICLES

8.

Asato, Nobu. Nihon nanpo hatten shi [A History of the Southward

Expansion of Japan]. Tokyo, 1942. 515 pp. UHHC

A brief history of Okinawan immigration to Hawaii is given

in this volume, pp. 452-465, 489. A table attached at the

186
JAPANESE MATERIALS 9-11

end of the volume shows the number of Okinawan immigrants

each year from 1899 to 1938.

9.

Doi, Yataro. "Yamaguchi-ken Oshima-gun ni okeru Hawaii imin shi"

["A History of Emigration to Hawaii from Oshima County, Yamaguchi
Prefecture"]. Yamaguchi Daigaku Nogakubu gakujutsu hokoku
[Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University].
No. 8 (1957), 775-848. UHH

A monographic study of the history of emigration from Oshima

County, where the majority of the early government contract
labor immigrants to Hawaii were recruited. Describes the
immigrants’ backgrounds, recruitment, experiences and
achievements in Hawaii, and contributions to their home
country. Draws heavily on official county documents.

10.

Fujii, Hidegoro. Dai Nihon kaigai ijumin shi daiippen Hawaii

[A History of Japanese Emigration Abroad: Part I, Hawaii].
Osaka, 1937. 53, 96, 6, 97 pp. UHOC

Divided into three major parts, this book gives an

overview of Japanese immigration to Hawaii, descriptions
of immigrants’ organizational and individual activities
in various fields, and brief biographical sketches of some
450 representative members of Hawaii’s Japanese community.

11 .

_________ . Shin Hawaii [New Hawaii]. 1st ed. Tokyo, 1900.

658, 72, 78 pp. 2nd ed. Tokyo, 1902. 698, [200] pp. UHOC

A general history and description of current conditions in

Hawaii and its Japanese people intended mainly for prospective
Japanese immigrants. Presentation of material is similar
to that in Item 10, but in greater detail, with many statistical
tables.

187
12-15 JAPANESE MATERIALS

12 .

Fukumura, Anken. "Kaigai imin" ["Emigration abroad"]. Okinawa

taikan [Okinawa Today]. Compiled and published by Nihon
Tsushin-sha, Tokyo, 1953. pp. 185-192. UHHC

A brief history of Okinawan immigration in the prewar and

postwar periods, with a statement on future prospects.

13.

Fukunaga, Torajiro and Miwa, Haruie. Hawaii gunto shi daiikkan

Kauai hen [Gazetteer of the Hawaiian Islands: Vol. I, Kauai].
Lihue, Kauai, 1916. 2, 2, 5, 426 pp. UHOC

A history and general description of Kauai and its Japanese

people, with various statistical tables drawn mainly from
Governor Bingham’s annual reports and Kauai County office
documents, as well as from the authors’ field work.

14.

Hawaii Nihonjin Imin-shi Kanko Iinkai. Hawaii nihonjin imin

shi [A history of Japanese immigrants in Hawaii]. Honolulu,
1964. 133, 581 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHOC; UHH

An encyclopaedic compilation by the United Japanese Society

of Hawaii in commemoration of the 75th anniversary of
Japanese immigration to Hawaii, with many photographs (the
first 133 pages of the book) and accounts of Japanese
activities, problems, and achievements in Hawaii, arranged
both chronologically and topically. Appended are lists of
various organizations with dates of their establishment,
current membership, and the names of the first and recent
presidents or representatives.

15.

Hayashi, Saburo and Masuda, Teiji. Hawaii-to isshu [Around the

Island of Hawaii]. Hilo, 1925. 348 pp. UHOC; UHH

188
JAPANESE MATERIALS 16-18

A guide intended primarily for Japanese travelers, in two

parts: the first consists of a description of various areas
of the island, and the second mainly a history and current
status of the Japanese people in the Hawaiian Islands in
general. The book is a product of the authors’ tour of the
island of Hawaii.

16.

Hayashi, Yoshimatsu, ed. Hawaii jijo [Conditions in Hawaii].

Honolulu, 1921. 65 pp. UHOC

A compilation sponsored by the Japanese Society of Hawaii

(Hawaii Nihonjin-kai), this is a general report on current
conditions in Hawaii, with emphasis on the Japanese commu­
nity; includes statistical tables relating to population,
industry, education, labor, and various economic activities,
drawn mainly from Hawaii Government and Japanese Consulate
General documents.

17.

Higa, Seikan. "Hawaii imin to Toyama Kyuzo" ["Immigration to

Hawaii and Toyama Kyuzo"]. Hawaii hochi (Honolulu newspaper).
May 22, 1965. UHOC; UHH

A brief account of the history of Okinawan immigration to

Hawaii as advocated and encouraged by an Okinawan leader,
Toyama Kyuzo, dating from the year 1900.

18.

_____________. "Okinawa imin no shiteki haikei" ["Historical

background of Okinawan immigration]. Hawaii Times (Honolulu
newspaper). May 22, 1965. UHOC; UHH

A brief sketch of the history of Okinawan immigration to

Hawaii, written in commemoration of its 65th anniversary.

189
19-20 JAPANESE MATERIALS

19.

Irie, Toraji. Hojin kaigai hatten shi [A history of the over­

seas expansion of the Japanese people]. (1938) 2nd ed. Tokyo,
1942. 58, 538, 546, 8 pp.
Japanese Consulate General of Honolulu

A new and slightly expanded edition of the work of 1938 pub­

lished by the Japan National Institute of Research on
Emigration, this book reflects the chauvinistic attitude of
the Japanese of the war period, with emphasis placed on the
adversities borne by the Japanese overseas since 1868. In
the author's terms, this is a history of the "forward charge"
and "progressive advance" of Japanese abroad. The book is
divided into two major parts, the first covering the period
from 1868 to the time of the Russo-Japanese War, and the
second from 1908 to 1930. Sections pertinent to Hawaii are
found in: Part I, pp. 1-22, 30-53, 54-74, 75-100, 101-119,
143-165, 166-190, 280-303, 445-470, 471-495, 496-517; Part
II, pp. 122-136, 257-274, 313-332. An account of the process
of and Japanese agencies for emigration appears in Part II,
pp. 512-546. Draws heavily on contemporary newspapers and
consular reports.

20 .

Ishikawa, Tomonori. "Yamaguchi-ken Oshima-gun Kuga-son shoki

Hawaii keiyaku imin no shakai-chirigakuteki kosatsu" ["A social-
geographical study of Japanese indentured emigrants to Hawaii
from Kuga-son, Oshima-gun, Yamaguchi Prefecture"]. Chiri kagaku
[Geographical Science]. No. 7 (June 1967), pp. 25-38. UHH

A monographic study analyzing the backgrounds, recruitment,

characteristics, and social and economic status after return
to Japan of the government contract labor immigrants who left
Kuga Village of Oshima County for Hawaii in 1885-1893. Nu­
merous statistical tables relating to age and sex distribu­
tion, status in household, occupational backgrounds, religious
backgrounds, and departure and return home of immigrants
abound. Relies mostly on village and county records.

190
JAPANESE MATERIALS 21-23

21.

Ishikawa, Tomonori. "Hiroshima-wangan Jigozen-son keiyaku imin

no shakai-chirigakuteki kosatsu" ["A social-geographical study
of contract labor emigrants to Hawaii from Jigozen Village on
the shore of Hiroshima Bay"]. Jinbun chiri [Human Geography].
XIX, No. 1 (February 1967), 75-91. UHH

A monograph similar to Item 20, concerning the immigrants

from Jigozen, a small village in Hiroshima Prefecture.

22 .

_____________ . "Hiroshima-ken nanbu Kuchida-son keiyaku imin no

shakai-chirigakuteki kosatsu" ["A social-geographical study of
Japanese indentured emigrants to Hawaii from Kuchida-son in
Southern Hiroshima Prefecture"]. Shigaku kenkyu [Historical
Journal]. No. 99 (February 1967), 33-52. UHH

A monographic study similar to Items 20 and 21, concerning the

immigrants from Kuchida, another small village in Hiroshima
Prefecture.

23.

Kaikoku Hyakunen Kinen Bunka Jigyo-kai. Nichibei bunka kosho

shi daigokan iju hen [A history of cultural relations between
Japan and the United States: Vol. V, Immigration]. Tokyo,
1955. 15, 632 pp. UHOC; UHH

191
24-25 JAPANESE MATERIALS

The entire second portion of this book (pp. 343-609) is

devoted to Hawaii. Chapters deal with the beginnings of
Japanese immigration and settlement of the immigrants,
Japanese labor and business activities, religions and
education of the immigrants, conditions of the community and
culture of the immigrants, and the life pattern and assimi­
lation of the immigrants. Presentation of material is
orderly, with a number of statistical tables and adequate
documentation. A chronological table showing main events in
the history of Japanese relations with mainland United
States and Hawaii is appended (pp. 611-629).

24.

Kawamura, Shigehiro, e d . Hawaii zaiju Nihonjin gojunen kinen

shashin cho [A photo album in commemoration of the fiftieth
anniversary of Japanese settlement in Hawaii]. Tokyo, 1935.
38, 21 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHOC

A sister edition of the Kanyaku Nihon imin toko gojunen

kinen shi [The
Golden Jubilee of the Japanese in Hawaii 1885-1935], pub­
lished by the Nippu jiji Press, commemorating the fiftieth
anniversary of the arrival of the first government contract
labor immigrants from Japan. Some 260 photographs showing
various phases of Japanese settlement in Hawaii are pre­
sented, together with a brief historical account of Japanese
immigration and settlement.

25.

Kawazoe, Kenpu. Ishokuju no hana hiraku— Hawaii Nihonjin

shijitsu ochibakago [Transplanted trees are in blossom: A
collection of historical facts about the Japanese in Hawaii].
Honolulu, 1960. 529 pp. UHOC

192
JAPANESE MATERIALS 26-27

These short historical essays first appeared in serial form in

the Hawai'i Times, of which the author was an editor. Preceded
by a brief historical sketch of Japanese immigration (pp. 1-
19), the essays cover the period from the days of the chance
arrival of Japanese in Hawaii (1270's-1866) to 1960, and are
arranged by the phases of immigration and settlement in
chronological order. The author relied upon old books, news­
paper accounts, personal recollections, and interviews as
sources for his essays.

26.

Kihara, Ryukichi. Hawaii Nihonjin shi [A history of the

Japanese in Hawaii]. Tokyo, 1935. 891 pp. UHOC; UHH

One of the "standard" histories of the Japanese in Hawaii,

written by a former newspaper reporter. Divided into three
parts: (1) a survey of history, geography, and current condi­
tions; (2) history of change in various aspects of Japanese
life; and (3) a collection of historical anecdotes relating
to the Hawaiian Japanese, chronologically arranged. Many
statistical tables are provided, drawn from Hawaii government
and Japanese consular documents as well as from old news­
papers and published books.

27.

Kinjo, Chin’ei. "Shokai imin no ko toshite senkusha no kuto o

omou" ["Thoughts on the hardships of pioneers by a child of a
member of the first group of immigrants"]. Hawaii hochi. May
22, 1965. UHOC

A brief newspaper article describing hardships encountered by

the earliest Okinawan immigrants in Hawaii, written in
commemoration of the 65th anniversary of Okinawan immigration.

193
28-30 JAPANESE MATERIALS

28 .

Mashima, Meibun. "Nijisseiki no kaitakusha: Ryukyujin no kaigai

iju" ["Pioneers of the twentieth century: Ryukyuan emigrants
a broad"]. Shurei no hikari [The Light of Propriety]. (Naha,
Okinawa). July 1963. pp. 12-13; August 1963. pp. 4-7. UHOC

A cursory description of the development of Okinawan

emigration.

29.

Matsugawa, Kunio. "Katsuyakusuru kaigai no Okinawajin" ["Active

Okinawan people overseas"]. Konnichi no Ryukyu [Ryukyu Today].
(Naha, Okinawa). VI, No. 8 (August 1962). pp. 23-25. UHOC

Personal impressions of the Okinawan people and their activities

in North and South America, including Hawaii, written after
the a u t h o r ’s visit to the two continents.

30.

Matsunaga, Hideo. "Hawaii imin 'gannenmono’ no Yokohama shuppan"

["Departure from Yokohama of the Japanese immigrants, 'Gannen-
m o n o '"]. Kaiji shi kenkyu [Studies in the history of marine
affairs]. (Tokyo). No. 7 (1966), pp. 98-110.
Kawazoe Kenpu (Hawaii Times) ; UHH

A study, by an editor of the Sa n 'yu shinbun of Tokyo, of the

circumstances relating to preparations for departure of the
gannenmono, the first government contract labor immigrants,
who left Japan in 1868, the first year (gannen) of the Meiji
era. Cites many contemporary Japanese newspapers as sources.

194
JAPANESE MATERIALS 31-34

31.

Miyahira, Hiroshi. "Imin no keii to shorai" ["The past and future

of emigration"]. Shin Okinawa bunka shi [A new cultural history
of Okinawa]. Ed. Kinjo Ikyo. Osaka, 1956. pp. 122-137. UHH

A brief history of Okinawan emigration abroad and a personal

statement on the prospects of future emigration.

32.

Morita, Sakae. Hawaii gojunen shi [A fifty-year history of

Hawaii]. Waipahu, 1919. 1, 015 pp. UHOC

A revised and enlarged edition of the author's work of 1915

(Item 33). Despite the generalized title, it is actually a
fifty-year history of the Japanese in Hawaii, with a descrip­
tion of their life and activities in various fields of
endeavor, divided into twenty chapters. This is another
"standard" history of the Japanese by a local Japanese
resident.

33.

_____________ . Hawaii Nihonjin hatten shi [A history of the

development of the Japanese people in Hawaii]. Waipahu, 1915.
866 pp. UHOC

The earliest general history of the Japanese written by a

local Japanese, which remained the basic work for many years.
Based on newspapers, government documents, and personal field
work, this book contains a mass of information with a number
of statistical tables. The book was later revised and en­
larged (Item 32).

34.

Nakashima, Akira. Kona Nihonjin jitsujo annai [Survey of the

Japanese in Kona]. Kona, Hawaii, 1934. 327 pp. UHOC

195
35-37 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A survey of the approximately 900 Japanese residents of the

Kona district of the Big Island and their activities, both
organizational and individual, in various fields. Brief
historical sketches of people and organizations are also
given. A product mainly of the author's field work.

35.

Nippu Jiji-sha. Hawaii doho hatten kaiko shi [Recollections of

the development of the Japanese in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1921.
310 pp. Hawaii Times', UHOC; UHH

The 25th anniversary edition of the newspaper Nippu jiji,

describing the history and current status of the Japanese
people, with many separate articles on historical events and
episodes written by a number of people active in the commu­
nity. Biographical sketches of successful members of this
community are included.

36.

____________ . Kanyaku Nihonjin imin Hawaii toko gojunen kinen

shi [Golden Jubilee of the Japanese in Hawaii, 1885-1935].
Honolulu, 1935. 142, 10 pp. Hawaii Times; UHOC; UHH

Special edition of the Nippu jiji commemorating the 50th

anniversary of the arrival of Japanese government contract
labor immigrants in Hawaii in 1885. It focuses on the first
and second groups, listing the names and ages upon arrival of
each member. Biographical sketches of sixty who were still
living are included, as well as the reminiscences of thirty-
five other immigrants about their experiences in Hawaii.

37.

Okinawa Koshinjo. Okinawa Koshinjo-ho [Bulletin of the

Okinawa Commercial Inquiry Agency]. Naha, Okinawa, November
1963. 4 pp. UHOC

196
JAPANESE MATERIALS 38-40

A report of interviews with Okinawans in Hawaii to ascertain

their views on past and present conditions in Hawaii and
Okinawa. The interviewer was Ogimi Chotoku, owner--president
of the Okinawa Commercial Inquiry Agency, on a visit to
Hawaii.

38.

Osaka Mainichi Shinbun-sha and Tokyo Nichinichi Shinbun-sha.

Nihon to Beikoku [Japan and the United States]. Osaka and
Tokyo, 1938. 277 pp. Hilo Times

A review of Japanese-American relations since the signing of

the Treaty of Commerce and Amity in 1856. The section on
Hawaii (pp. 203-277) includes editorial comments and several
individual articles on the history and current conditions of
the Japanese in H a w a i i .

39.

Saito, Takejiro. Hawaii kan [Views of Hawaii]. Tokyo, 1905.

31 pp. Hilo Times

Impressions of Hawaii and its Japanese people, by an official

of the Japanese Consulate in Honolulu.

40.

Sedani, Masaji. Hawaii. Tokyo, 1892. 11, 4, 130, 33 pp. UHOC

The first book written in Japanese about Hawaii. The

author, a Japanese immigration official, intended it as an
introduction to Hawaii for Japanese immigrants. Surveys
H a w a i i ’s history, geography, industry and customs, with a
brief description of conditions of life for the immigrants
already in residence.

197
41-44 JAPANESE MATERIALS

41.

Takei, Nekketsu. Hawaii ichiran [A glance at Hawaii].

Honolulu, 1914. [129 pp. ] UHOC

An introductory book on Hawaii and its Japanese people

written by a newspaper reporter. Although carelessly
written, as if in haste, it gives interesting observations on
Japanese life by island (excluding Lanai) and by locality on
each island, with a sketch map for each locality showing
relative locations of individual Japanese homes and institu­
tions and giving the total number of Japanese residents.

42.

_____________ . Hawaii ocho shi [A history of the Hawaiian

Kingdom]. Honolulu, 1917. 123 pp. UHOC

A little encyclopaedia (270 items) on Hawaiian history in­

tended for Japanese residents. Contains a lecture by Shiga
Shigetaka, a noted Japanese scholar visiting Hawaii, on the
history of Hawaiian-Japanese relations (pp. 115-123).

43.

Wakukawa, Seiyei. "Hawaii no Okinawajin shakai" ["Okinawan

Community in Hawaii"]. Hawaii Times. October 2, 1965. UHOC

A brief historical account of the development of the Okinawan

community in Hawaii since 1900.

44.

__________ . "Okinawa imin raifu tenmatsu" ["Circumstances of

Okinawan immigration to Hawaii"]. Hawaii Times. May 18-22,
1965. UHOC

An account of the beginnings of Okinawan immigration in 1900,

with a description of hardships and difficulties the first
immigrants encountered in Hawaii. Written in commemoration
of the 65th anniversary of Okinawan immigration.

198
JAPANESE MATERIALS 45-47

45.

Watanabe, Shichiro. Hawaii rekishi [A history of Hawaii]. 1st

ed. Tokyo, 1930. 410 pp. 2nd ed . Tokyo, 1935. 462, 118,
219 pp. Waipahu Hongwanji Mission; UHOC

A "standard" general history of Hawaii and its Japanese

people, written by a University of Hawaii graduate and
resident of Hawaii for 15 years. Divided into two parts:
the first, a general history of Hawaii, and the second, a
history of the Japanese community in Hawaii. The first
edition includes statistical tables on various aspects of
Japanese life, and the second carries an appendix describing
the development of Japanese language education (118 pp. ) and
a roster of well-known Japanese people in the community,
with brief biographical sketches (219 pp. ).

46.

Yagizawa, Zenji. "Hawaii ni okeru Nihon imin shi no issetsu"

["A chapter in the history of Japanese emigration to Hawaii"].
Shakai keizai shigaku [Studies in social and economic history].
IV, No. 5 (August 1934), 499-516. UHOC

An analysis of the Japanese emigrations of 1868 and 1885 in

relation to the social and economic conditions in Japan.
Utilizes Japanese Foreign Ministry documents and contempo­
rary Tokyo-Yokohama newspapers.

47.

[Yamaguchi Prefecture] Oshimacho-shi Hensan Iinkai. Subo

Oshima-cho shi [Gazetteer of Oshima-cho, Subo (Yamaguchi)].
Yamaguchi, 1959. 1057 pp. Kawazoe Kenpu (Hawaii Times)

A gazetteer containing a section on emigration from the town

of Oshima to Hawaii and mainland America, pointing out
factors in the beginning of emigration, backgrounds of the
immigrants and their achievements (pp. 805-842). The
discussion of emigration to Hawaii is based mainly on Doi
Yataro’s study (Item 9).

199
48-51 JAPANESE MATERIALS

48.

Yamasato, Jikai. Hawaii Okinawa imin noto [A note on Okinawan

immigration to Hawaii], Honolulu, 1963. 36 pp.
Jikoen Temple; UHHC

A booklet by the resident Okinawan minister of the Jikoen

(Honpa Hongwanji) Temple in Honolulu, giving a brief account
of the beginnings of Okinawan immigration to Hawaii, experi­
ences of the immigrants, and their contributions to Okinawa.

49.

. "Hawaii no Okinawa imin shi" ["A history of

_

Okinawan immigration to Hawaii"]. Hawaii Hochi. May 22, 1965.

UHOC

A brief history of Okinawan immigration, written for the

Hawaii Hochi in commemoration of the 65th anniversary of the
immigration.

50.

. "Okinawa imin no riso to shikai keitei" ["Hopes

_

of Okinawan immigrants and the principle of world brotherhood"].

Hawaii Times. May 22, 1965. UHOC

Newspaper article giving personal views on the circumstances

of Okinawan emigration to Hawaii, with a special note on
Toyama Kyuzo, the so-called father of Okinawan immigration.

51.

Yamashita, Soen. Gannenmono imin Hawaii toko shi [A history of

the voyage to Hawaii of the gannen (1868) immigrants].
Mimeograph. Tokyo, 1956. 130 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHH

200
JAPANESE MATERIALS 52-54

A detailed study, by a former newspaper reporter in Hawaii,

of the departure of the first group of immigrants to Hawaii
in 1868, their problems in Hawaii, and Japanese government
measures to solve them. Foreign Ministry documents are an
important source. Also includes a list of the names of the
immigrants, personal sketches of some of them, and a chrono­
logical table showing the development of Japanese contacts
with Hawaii, 1850-1874.

52.

Yamashita, Soen. Nihon Hawaii koryu shi [A history of Japanese-

Hawaiian relations]. Tokyo, 1943. 376 pp. UHOC

Divided into three parts: the first deals with the haphazard
arrival of Japanese in Hawaii prior to 1868; the second with
several problems involving Japanese immigrants from 1868 to
World War I; and the third recounts several episodes in­
volving Hawaiian and Japanese royalty. The third part also
gives a brief history of the Japanese in Hawaii (pp. 336-376).

53.

_____________ .Nihonjin no Hawaii iju gaikan [Surveyof Japanese

settlement in Hawaii]. Tokyo, 1960. 32 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

A pamphlet commemorating the 75th anniversary of the arrival

of the first government contract labor immigrants in 1885.
Contains a chronological account of Japanese immigration, a
note on the experiences of the gannenmono (1868 immigrants),
a discussion of the circumstances of the beginning of immi­
gration on government contract in 1885, and a brief statement
on the advancement of Japanese-Americans under current
conditions, particularly with Hawaii's achievement of state­
hood.

54.

Yamazato, Yuzen. Hawaii no Okinawa kenjin [Okinawan people in

Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1919. 209 pp. Toyohira Ryokin; UHH

201
55-57 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A general history of Okinawan immigration to Hawaii and de­

scription of the activities of Okinawan immigrants and their
descendants in industry, mass communications, education,
religion, and medicine and sanitation. Also includes a list
of Okinawan people’s organizations, a table showing the
occupational distribution of the people, and biographical
sketches of some 130 representative members of the community.

55.

Yoen Jiho-sha. Nihonjin zaiju gojunen kinen shi [Golden Jubilee

of the Japanese immigrants in Hawaii 1885-1935]. Koloa, Kauai,
1935. 12, 77, 14 pp. UHOC

A special edition of Yoen jiho, a weekly paper in Kauai, in

commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the arrival of the
first government contract labor immigrants. A review of the
past and present conditions of the Japanese in Kauai.

56.

Yoshitake, Hachiro. Kauai no kaori [Beautiful Kauai]. Tokyo,

1957. 439 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Divided into two major parts: the first is a general account

of the development of Japanese organizations on Kauai, such
as the United Japanese Society, Japan Relief and Rehabilitation
Committee, and Citizenship Club; and the second part is a
directory of Japanese people on the island, with brief
biographical sketches.

DIARIES

57.

Nago, Ninryo. Personal diary. 55 books. 1908-1966.

Nago Ninryo

202
JAPANESE MATERIALS 58-60

The author, now retired Bishop of the Jodo Mission, was also
a teacher in a Japanese language school. He was a leader in
Japanese community affairs on both Oahu and Hawaii, and his
entries relate to public figures and events as well as to
private matters.

58.

Okumura, Takie. Personal diary. 27 books. 1894-1951.

Mrs. Okumura Hatsuko

A personal diary by one of the most active and influential

leaders in the Japanese community and a Christian minister
(1865-1951), who came to Hawaii in 1894. Contents relate
mostly to personal and family affairs but occasionally deal
with important social issues, such as Japanese language
school problems and labor strikes.

59.

Terasaki, Sadasuke. Personal diary. 25 books. 1917-1956. UHH

A personal diary kept by a former Japanese language school

teacher and later editor of the Hawaii hochi, who has resided
in Hawaii since 1906. As a close associate of President
Makino of the Hawaii hochi, Terasaki enters in this diary
many brief personal comments on social issues and events in
which the two men were deeply involved, especially the
Japanese language school litigation and Japanese labor
strikes.

AUTOBIOGRAPHIES AND BIOGRAPHIES

60.

Agena, Ryoshin. Watakushi no kasukana chikara [My feeble

strength]. Honolulu, 1963. 80 pp. Agena Ryoshin; UHOC

A pictorial autobiography of a Christian Okinawan nisei

businessman, showing his past and present activities.

203
61-64 JAPANESE MATERIALS

61.

Endo, Hisataro. Ko Endo San tsuito omoide no ki [Reminiscing

about the Late Endo San]. Fukushima, 1958. 12 pp. UHH

A brief biographical sketch by a former Salvation Army

minister in Hawaii (1910’s-1930’s) of his late wife (1895-
1958) as a companion in religious life.

62.

Fukushima Hawaii-kai. Ko Okazaki Jinbei o tsuito kinen shi [A

memorial publication for the Late Okazaki Jinbei]. Fukushima,
1952. 105 pp. UHOC; UHH

A collection of essays by twenty-seven friends of the

honoree. Okazaki (1883-1950), as one of the first Japanese
to venture into independent pineapple business, established a
plantation in Hawaii in the 1910’s and 1920’s. Although this
business failed, he was later successful in developing a
similar enterprise on Taiwan.

63.

"Ganso monogatari imin no kusawake Taira Shinsuke o" ["Story of

an originator: Venerable Taira Shinsuke, pioneer in emigration"].
Gekkan Okinawa [Okinawa Monthly]. Ill, No. 4 (May 1963), 61-63.
Shunzo Sakamaki (UH)

A brief biographical sketch of the man who, together with

Toyama Kyuzo, was instrumental in the initiation of Okinawan
emigration to Hawaii in 1900.

64.

Ishimura, Ichigoro. Yonjuichinen mae Hawaii tokosha Ishimura

Ichigoro risshin dan [An account of the life of Ishimura
Ichigoro who came to Hawaii 41 years ago]. [n.p. ] [1908]. 81
pp. UHOC

204
JAPANESE MATERIALS 65-67

A personal account of the experiences in Hawaii of one of the

1868 immigrants, who, after an aimless and reckless life, was
converted to Christianity and began the Ishimura Cooking
School in service to the Japanese community. The account is
presented here as told to the author’s friend, perhaps a
newspaper reporter. Preface by Ando Taro, Japanese Consul
General in 1886-1889.

65.

Kaneshiro, Takeo, e d . Okinawa imin no chichi Toyama Kyuzo

[Toyama Kyuzo, the Father of Okinawan Emigration]. Los Angeles,
1959. 71, 33 pp. Shunzo Sakamaki (UH); UHHC

A collection of biographical sketches of Toyama (1868-1910)

written by sixteen people, edited and published in commemora­
tion of the 60th anniversary of Toyama's death. An English
section of 33 pages is appended.

66.

Kikuchi, Shigeo, ed. Kikuchi Chikyoku iko shu [Posthumous works

of Kikuchi Chikyoku]. Honolulu, 1966. 337, 2, 90 pp. UHOC; UHH

A collection of sermons and writings by Kikuchi Chikyoku

(1876-1964), a Honpa Hongwanji minister in Hawaii since 1907
and Bishop of the Hawaii Honpa Hongwanji Mission from 1953 to
1964; also includes brief biographical and character sketches
of the minister by eleven people representing his friends and
disciples. English translations of fifteen articles are ap­
pended (90 p p .).

67.

Koike, Yoshio. Nihon imin hyakunen kinen yasoji koete [In com­
memoration of the 100th anniversary of Japanese immigration:
passing eighty years of age]. Honolulu, 1967. 182 pp, UHH

Calligraphy and photographs depicting various events in the

life of a Japanese language school principal and resident in
Hawaii for over fifty years, with brief narrative comments.

205
68.

Koike, Yoshio. Waga hansei ki [My half-century]. Honolulu,

1962. 260 pp. UHH

Presentation similar to Item 67; published by the author in

commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the coming of the
first government contract labor immigrants.

69.

Makino Kinzaburo Den Hensan Iinkai. Makino Kinzaburo den [A

biography of Makino Kinzaburo]. Honolulu, 1965. 143, 160 pp.
UHOC; UHH

A biography of Makino (1877-1953), founder and president of

the Hawaii Hochi, who was one of the most active Japanese
community leaders ever since he came to Hawaii in 1899.
Describes his activities and beliefs relative to some princi­
pal social and political issues involving the Japanese in
Hawaii. Also includes reminiscences by twenty-three people
about the man and his work. An English section of 160 pages
is appended.

70.

Sueno, Yoshiharu, ed. Nori no kagayaki [Shining doctrines].

1st and 2nd eds. Honolulu, 1926. 176, 6 pp.
M r s . Tachikawa Sae

A collection of religious writings by Tachikawa Shinkyo, the

late Bishop of the Hawaii Jodo Mission, who came to Hawaii in
1907 and died in 1925; also includes thirty-six essays
written by his friends and followers about his work as minis­
ter and educator.

71.

Takahashi, Kanji. Imin Jinbo Gensuke o no shogai [Life of

immigrant Jinbo Gensuke]. Fukushima, 1954. 4 pp. UHH

206
JAPANESE MATERIALS 72-74

A brief sketch of the character of a fellow Fukushima immi­

grant, Jinbo, who lived in Hawaii from 1907 to 1918, working
mainly as an Ewa Plantation worker.

72.

Takahashi, Kanji. Imin no chichi Katsunuma Tomizo sensei den [A

biography of the Honored Katsunuma Tomizo, the Father of
Emigration]. Honolulu, 1953. 32 pp. UHH

A biography of Katsunuma (1863-1950), who led the first group

of emigrants to Hawaii from Fukushima and other northeastern
prefectures of Japan in 1898. He became active in Japanese
community affairs while engaged in professional work as a
veterinarian and official with the Hawaii Board of
Immigration, later, U. S. Immigration Service.

73.

_____________ .Miwa Haruie, Suda Bunkichi shoden [Brief biogra­

phies of Miwa Haruie and Suda Bunkichi]. Fukushima, 1960. 8
pp. UHH

Brief personal sketches of Miwa (1878-1950) and Suda (1900-

1960), with particular emphasis on the discovery by the
former of the diary of one of the original 1868 immigrants
and the latter's Red Cross work in Hawaii. Both men were
active in Hawaii’s Japanese community.

74.

_____________ . Otoji monogatari [Story of Otoji]. Fukushima,

1952. 30 pp. UHH

Okazaki Otoji (1871-1934), originally from Fukushima, was

active in Japanese business and community affairs in Hawaii
ever since the end of the nineteenth century. Sources of
this account were an interview with Otoji’s brother, Tashichi,
and newspaper articles.

207
75-78 JAPANESE MATERIALS

75.

Toyama, Tetsuo, ed. Jiko [Merciful light]. Honolulu, 1925. 52

pp. Jikoen Temple

A memorial publication in honor of the late Dr. Uezu Chirin,

one of the earliest Okinawan immigrants and a leader among
the Okinawan residents, with biographical sketches written by
his friends and former patients.

76.

Tsukazaki, Masao. Funto rokujunen [Sixty years of struggle],

Honolulu, 1965. 250 pp. UHOC

Autobiographical and other essays by an immigrant who worked

as a masseur since 1906. His "struggle" was with an English
language training, necessary to obtain American citizenship.

77.

Wakukawa, Seiyei. Jidai no senkusha Toyama Kyuzo— Okinawa

gendai shi no issetsu [Toyama Kyuzo, a pioneer in a new era: a
chapter in the modern history of Okinawa]. Honolulu, 1953. 270
pp. UHOC

Biography of the "father of Okinawan immigration" (1868-

1910), set against the background of the contemporary history
of Okinawa.

78.

Yamaji, Saburo. Horitsu guwa zange [Legal allegories and con­

fessions]. [n.p. ] [n.d. ] 153, 6 pp. UHOC

208
JAPANESE MATERIALS 79-81

Autobiography of one of the earliest immigrants (1885 ar­

rival? ), who reported having committed almost every kind of
crime until his conversion to Christianity after his last
release from prison in 1899. Stated intention was to inform
fellow Japanese of American modes of criminal punishment and
to exhort against a sinful life. The author included trans­
lations of many of the provisions in Hawaii's legal code. It
seems to have been written in the late 1 9 1 0 ’s or early
1920's, when labor troubles were rampant.

79.

Yamashiro, Akiyo. "Sanjugonen no kiroku o tadotte" [Looking

over records of the past thirty-five years]. MSS 1966. 31 pp.
Mrs. Yamashiro Akiyo

Recollections of married life with the first American of

Japanese ancestry to be elected to the Territorial
Legislature of Hawaii, Andy Masayoshi Yamashiro.

REMINISCENCES AND GENERAL ESSAYS

80.

Adachi, Ichiji. Korogi no sasayaki [Whispers of a cricket].

Kona, Hawaii, 1929. 212 pp. Jikoen Temple

Random essays by a member of the Chikara no Kai (Association

of Strength), a young m e n ’s Buddhist association at the Kona
Honpa Hongwanji Temple, with emphasis on Association activi­
ties.

81.

Ando, Taro. Ando Taro bunshu [Collected essays of Ando Taro].

Tokyo, 1929. 258 pp. Hilo Times

The author, the first Japanese Consul General in Honolulu

(1886-1889), was noted not only for his diplomatic skill but
also for his deep interest and active participation in the
temperance movement among the Japanese in Haw a i i .

209
82-85 JAPANESE MATERIALS

82.

Asano, Takayuki. Ohai no kage [In the shadow of an ohai tree].

Honolulu, 1925. 297 pp. Waipahu Honpa Hongwanji Temple

Essays by the former principal of Hawaii Middle School

(Japanese language school run by the Honpa Hongwanji
Mission), mostly on educational matters.

83.

Furuya, Suikei. Haisho tenten [From one relocation camp to

another]. Honolulu, 1964. 19, 462 pp. UHOC; UHH

Author's account of his experience as a Hawaiian Japanese

interned for the entire war period in Japanese relocation
camps on the Mainland. Includes an appendix listing the
names of all the internees from Hawaii.

84.

Hawaii Honolulu Hongwanji. Choshoin ibun shu [Posthumous writ­

ings of Choshoin]. Honolulu, 1937. 386 pp.
Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii; UHOC

A collection of essays on religious and many other subjects

by the late Bishop Imamura Emyo of Hongwanji (Choshoin is his
posthumous title), who was one of the most important Japanese
community leaders from 1899 until his death in 1932.

85.

Katsunuma, Tomizo. Kibi no shibovikasu [Bagasse], Honolulu,

1924. 310 pp. UHOC

Essays about Japanese immigrants from the vantage point of a

long-time official in the Hawaiian Board of Immigration and
the U. S. Immigration Service (from 1898-1930's). Contains a
listing of the dates and passengers of the departure and
arrival of immigrant ships and a note on Japanese immigration
companies (pp. 271-310).

210
JAPANESE MATERIALS 86-89

86 .

Nagaoka, Shigure. H adaka no ashiato [Barefoot prints].

Honolulu, 1959. 31, 4, 419 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Essays by a former editor of the Shogyo jiho [Commercial

Ti mes], a monthly magazine in Honolulu, on a variety of
subjects, reminiscing about events and people during his
forty-year residence in Hawaii.

87.

_____________ . Zoku hadaka no ashiato [Barefoot prints,

supplement]. Honolulu, 1960. 311 pp. UHH

A collection of essays on various current events and people,

published as a continuation of the auth o r ’s previous work
(Item 86).

88 .

Nagataki, Hisakichi. Kaiko shichijunen [Reflections on the

past seventy years]. Tokyo, 1935. 305 pp. UHOC

Autobiographical essays of a former diplomat and Consul

General of Honolulu (1912-1913). In the section on Hawaii
(pp. 206-240, 241-246), the author writes about social and
economic activities of the Japanese people and his experi­
ences among them.

89.

Nakamura, Chuzo. Rakuen kanwa [Chats in paradise]. Honolulu,

1917. 272 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Random essays on life in Hawaii written by a Japanese

Methodist minister while in Hawaii in 1908-1917. Incisive
observations about the Japanese labor unrest at that time.

211
90-93 JAPANESE MATERIALS

90.

Nakamura, Chuzo. Shoso yawa [Window-side evening tales].

Honolulu, 1915. 496, 3 pp. UHOC

Essays on primarily religious and educational matters by a

Christian minister from Japan.

91.

Okumura, Takie. Oncho shichijunen [Seventy years of divine

blessings]. 1st ed. Honolulu, 1935. 124 pp. 2nd ed.
Honolulu, 1940. 176 pp.
Makiki Christian Church; United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHH

Essays on experiences in Hawaii of a Christian minister and

one of the most important community leaders since his arrival
in Hawaii in 1894. Japanese version of Item 515 in the
English section.

92.

_____________. Rakuen ochiba [Fallen leaves in paradise]. Nos.

1-31. Honolulu, 1941-1950. Makiki Christian Church; UHOC

A pamphlet series of occasional issue, containing essays on

current international, local Hawaii, and Japanese affairs.

93.

_____________. Taiheiyo no rakuen [A paradise in the Pacific].

1st ed. Tokyo, 1917. 197 pp. 2nd e d . Honolulu, 1919. 243
pp. 3rd ed. Honolulu, 1922. 321 pp. 4th ed. Honolulu, 1926.
422 pp. 5th ed. Honolulu, 1930. 457 pp.
UHOC (1st, 3rd-5th eds.); Makiki Christian Church (2nd ed. )

212
JAPANESE MATERIALS 94-96

Divided into three major parts: the first part surveys the
history, geography, and industry of Hawaii; the second is
devoted to the author's personal recollections about his life
and work in Hawaii; and the third contains his views on the
problems of job opportunity and education for Americans of
Japanese ancestry.

94.

Shibayama, Tokuzo. Yashi no kareha [Dead leaves of the coconut

tree]. Honolulu, 1942. 116, 2 3p p. UHOC

Autobiographical essays of a Japanese language school teacher

and businessman in Kona, Hawaii and Honolulu, whose residence
in Hawaii spanned fifty years, from 1892.

95.

Soga, Yasutaro. Gojunenkan no Hawaii kaiko [Reflections on

fifty years in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1953. 4, 713, 9, 11 pp. UHOC

Historical essays on the Japanese community over the preced­

ing fifty years, by the president-editor of the Nippu jiji
(later Hawaii Times), a community leader. Contents follow
the chronological order of the events and issues treated,
beginning with the author’s view of the conditions of the
Japanese in Hawaii at the time of his arrival in 1896. An
appendix contains a chronological table of Japanese immigra­
tion and settlement, names and dates of Japanese warships
arriving in Hawaii, and a roster of Japanese consuls.

96.

_____________. Hawaii sono oriori [Occasional essays on Hawaii].

Honolulu, 1926. 301 pp. UHOC

A collection of occasional essays on a wide range of topics,

written from 1916 to 1920, expressing pungent criticisms of
Japanese customs and practices in Hawaii.

213
97-100 JAPANESE MATERIALS

97.

Soga, Yasutaro. Tessaku seikatsu [Life within the fence].

Honolulu, 1948. 390, 20 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

The author’s experiences as a wartime internee on the

Mainland from 1942 to 1945. Includes a list of the Japanese
internees from Hawaii.

98.

Sogabe, Shiro. Mo sanzen doru [Three thousand dollars more].

Tokyo, 1926. 182 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHOC

Essays on educational, social and economic matters by a

Japanese language school principal and leader among the
Japanese on the Big Island, written primarily to help raise
$3,000 for school expansion.

99.

Takahashi, Kanji. Imin retsuden sono ichi Ouchi Tamie, Sasaki

Nobu, Kawamura Seisuke, Okazaki Tashichi no maki [Biographies of
immigrants, no. 1: Ouchi Tamie, Sasaki Nobu, Kawamura Seisuke,
and Okazaki Tashichi]. Tokyo, 1953. 11 pp. UHH

Brief account of the experiences of four of the author’s

friends in educational, social, and economic affairs in
Hawaii.

100.

Tanimura, Juniya. Tawagoto zuihitsu [Foolish essays].

Honolulu, 1956. 222 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHOC

214
JAPANESE MATERIALS 101-103

Random essays by the nisei president of the Fair Department

Store in Honolulu.

101.

Tanimura, Juniya. Zuihitsu shu hitorigoto [Soliloquy].

Honolulu, 1961. 228 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Sequel to Item 100.

102.

Watanabe, Jiro. Hawaii dendo no kaiko to tenbo— gojunen no

shinko seikatsu o tsuranuita ichi shinto no shuki [Reflections
on the Hawaii Mission: memorandum of a fifty-year devotee].
Tokyo, 1959. 183, 2 pp. UHH

Essays by a lay Christian resident of Hawaii since 1906,

reviewing the development and problems of Christian mission­
ary work among the Japanese in the light of his own experi­
ences.

103.

Yamasato, Jikai. Koji wa harukaze [Minister in the spring

breeze]. 1st ed. Honolulu, 1950. 2nd ed. Honolulu, 1951.
233, 2 pp. Jikoen Temple; UHHC

Random essays by a Hongwanji minister in Honolulu, reminis­

cing about his life and experiences over the preceding twenty
years in Hawaii.

215
104-106 JAPANESE MATERIALS

WRITINGS ON EDUCATION AND CULTURAL LIFE

104.

Akaboshi, Chiyoko. Wakaki shufu no tameni [For young house­

wives]. Honolulu, 1917. 228 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

A manual of information about home management and cultural

subjects for the benefit of Japanese women in the Hawaiian-
American environment.

105

Fushiminomiya Kinen Shogakkai. Fushiminomiya Kinen Shogakkai

kiyo oyobi kisoku [Bulletin and regulations of the Prince
Fushimi Memorial Scholarship Association]. [Honolulu], 1934. 8
pp. UHOC

Report on the activities and regulations of the Prince

Fushimi Memorial Scholarship Association, established in 1907
with funds donated by Prince Fushimi, distant cousin of
Emperor Meiji, for the benefit of Americans of Japanese
ancestry desiring to study in Japan or the Mainland.

106.

Haleiwa Jodoin Taisho Gakko. Haleiwa Jodoin Taisho Gakko

soritsu gojisshunen shukuga kinen shi [50th anniversary celebra­
tion: Haleiwa Jodo Mission [and] Haleiwa Taisho G a k k o ] .
Haleiwa, Oahu, 1964. 32 pp. UHH

A pamphlet, in Japanese and English, commemorating the

founding of the mission and its Japanese language school in
1912. Contains a brief history of the mission and the
school, congratulatory messages, celebration programs, and a
roster of officers of the two institutions.

216
JAPANESE MATERIALS 107-109

107.

Haleiwa Jodoin Taisho Gakko. Shin kosha rakusei kinen shi

[Dedication of the new school]. Haleiwa, Oahu, 1959. 68 pp. UHH

A pamphlet, in Japanese and English, celebrating the restora­

tion in September 1959 of the temple and the school damaged
in a tidal wave two years earlier. Contains a list of gradu­
ates of the school from 1914 to 1958, excluding the years
1939-1949.

108.

(Hawaii State Library) Oriental Collection. Fushiminomiya Kinen

Shogakkai Toyo Bunko hokoku sho [A report of the Oriental
Collection, Prince Fushimi Memorial Scholarship Association].
Honolulu, 1936. 34, 6, 4 pp. Hawaii State Library; UHOC

A catalog of books donated by various ministries of the

Japanese government and by individual Japanese to the
Oriental Collection, which was created in 1936 as part of the
Prince Fushimi Memorial Scholarship Association for the
benefit of the 140, 000 Japanese residents in Hawaii. Most of
the books are Japanese publications pertaining to Japan, The
catalog also contains a brief history of the Collection.

109.

Hawaii Hochi-sha. Hawaii no Nihongo gakko ni kansuru shiso

oyobi futai jiken [Japanese Language School Court Test Case and
accompanying issues in Hawaii]. Honolulu, [1927]. 133 pp.
Hawaii Hoch i ; UHOC

A collection of documents and essays on the Japanese language

school litigation of 1922-1927, instituted by a group of such
schools following a strong protest by Makino Kinsaburo of the
Hawaii Hochi Press and a number of other Japanese community
leaders against Hawaii Territorial government discriminations.

217
110-113 JAPANESE MATERIALS

110.

Hawaii Hochi-sha. Nihongo gakko shoso j isshunen kinen shi [A

publication commemorating the tenth anniversary of the victory
won in the Japanese Language School Case]. Honolulu, 1937. 555
pp. Hawaii Hoch i ; UHOC

A collection of documents and essays on the court case of

Japanese language schools that culminated on February 21,
1927, in the U. S. Supreme Court decision favorable to the
schools.

111.

Hawaii Jodoshu Betsuin. "Hawaii Jogakko kiroku" ["Records of

the Hawaii Girls’ School"]. MSS 1928-1939. 298 pp.
Jodo Mission of Hawaii

Administrative and academic records of the Hawaii Girls’

School operated by the Jodo Mission of Hawaii prior to World
War II.

112.

Hawaii Kyoiku-kai. Daigiinkai gijiroku [Minutes of the meetings

of the representatives]. Nos. 14-31. Honolulu, 1949-1966.
Mimeo.
Hawaii Kyoiku-kai (Japanese Educational Association of Hawaii)

Minutes of the postwar meetings of the representatives of

Hawaii Kyoiku-kai (Japanese Educational Association of
Hawaii), held annually to set general policy for the opera­
tion of Japanese language schools in Hawaii.

113.

_____________ . Kaiho [Annual bulletin]. Nos. 5-6, 9. Honolulu,

1935-1936, 1939. Waipahu Hongwanji Mission

Annual bulletins of the prewar Hawaii Kyoiku-kai covering

various issues in Japanese language education in Hawaii.

218
JAPANESE MATERIALS 114-116

114.

Hawaii Kyoiku-kai. Hawaii Nihongo kyoiku shi [A history of

Japanese language education in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1937. 702
PP. U H O C ; UHH

Encyclopaedic review covering the period 1896-1937. Con­

tents: achievements of the first Hawaii Kyoiku-kai, 1915-
1926; Japanese language school test case, 1922-1927;
activities of the new Hawaii Kyoiku-kai, 1927-1937; descrip­
tion of the member organizations of the association; and the
current status of Japanese language education.

115.

_____________ . N ichigo kyoiku [Japanese language education].

No. 5 (1939). 161 pp. Waipahu Hongwanji Mission

An annual report on Japanese language school activities.

116.

Honolulu Kyoin Koshukai Iinkai. Beikoku shimin tokuhon [A

reader for American citizens]. Honolulu, 1921. [643] pp. UHOC

A compilation of lectures by three leaders in the community

at large: Rev. H. B. Schwartz, Professor K. C. Leebricks,
and Mr. W. E. Givens. The lectures were delivered during
weekly seminars held from January through May to acquaint
Japanese language school teachers with American history,
philosophy of government, and institutions. Twenty-four
Japanese language school teachers formed a committee to
initiate this program, which reflects efforts of the Japanese
community to reform teaching programs and to assuage non-
Japanese sentiment against Japanese language schools in
Hawaii.

219
117-119 JAPANESE MATERIALS

117.

(Honolulu) Palama Gakuen. Palama Gakuen soritsu gojisshunen

kinen shi [A publication commemorating the 50th anniversary of
the founding of Palama School]. Honolulu, 1960. 175 pp.
Palama Japanese Language School

Includes lists of the successive bishops of the Honpa

Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii, sponsor of the school, the
successive principals of the school, current teaching staff
members, graduates, and parents, and also a brief history of
the school and photographs showing school activities and
facilities.

118.

Kubokawa, Kyokujo. Hawaii Jogakko Hawaii Shudoha Gakuin kaiko

sanjisshunen kinen shi [A publication commemorating the 30th
anniversary of the opening of the Hawaii Girls' School and
Hawaii Jodo Sect School]. Honolulu, 1941. 112 pp. Nago Ninryo

Contains a brief history and description of the organization

and current activities of the two schools established in 1911
for girls and boys of families belonging to the Jodo sect.

119.

Manoa Nihongo Gakko. Soritsu gojisshunen kinen shi [A publica­

tion commemorating the 50th anniversary of the founding (of the
school)]. Honolulu, 1960. 64 pp.
Manoa Japanese Language School

Contains a brief history of the school, a list of the succes­

sive school administrators and principals, a list of teachers,
and a roster of graduates, with photographs.

220
JAPANESE MATERIALS 120-123

120.

Nihon Beifu Kyokai Henshubu. Dainisei to Nihon no gakko [The

second generation and schools in Japan]. No. 6 of Dainisei
sosho [A series on the second generation]. Tokyo, 1938. 51 pp.
UHOC

A general discussion of opportunities and problems facing

second-generation Japanese going to study in Japan.

121 .

_____________ . Nihon ryugaku no atarashiki hoho [New approaches

to study in Japan]. No. 9 of Dainisei sosho. Tokyo, 1938. 55
pp. UHOC

General suggestions for second-generation Japanese students

going to Japan to study.

122 .

Tsunoda, Ryus a k u . Shosai gakko shakai [Study, school, and

society]. Honolulu, 1917. 291 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

General essays by a noted educator at the Hawaii Middle

School of the Honpa Hongwanji Mission on educational and
cultural matters for H a w a i i ’s Japanese people.

123.

Yamashita, Soen. Nikkei shimin no Nihon ryugaku jijo [Condi­

tions of study in Japan of citizens of Japanese ancestry].
Tokyo, 1935. 400 pp. UHOC

Survey of the daily life and attitudes of Japanese-Americans

studying in their forbears’ homeland, including students' own
accounts of their experiences. Also contains addresses of
persons and organizations in Japan having connection with
Hawaii's Japanese community.

221
124-127 JAPANESE MATERIALS

RELIGIOUS WRITINGS

124.

Aiea Hongwanji Aiea Bukkyo Seinen-kai. "Gijiroku" ["Minutes of

meetings"]. MSS Aiea, Oahu, 1918-1928. Aiea Hongwanji Mission

Minutes of the meetings of the Aiea Young M e n ’s Buddhist

Association, dated October 31, 1918-October 19, 1928, bound
in one book.

125.

Aiea Hongwanji. "Gijiroku" ["Minutes of meetings"]. MSS 2

books. Aiea, Oahu, 1925-1931, 1937-1952. 302, 152 pp.
Aiea Hongwanji Mission

Minutes of the meetings of the Board of Directors of the

Hongwanji Mission of Aiea.

126.

_____________. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 3

books. Aiea, Oahu, 1900-1967. Aiea Hongwanji Mission

A register of the people whose funeral services were per­

formed by the ministers of the temple, containing the name,
address, age, home prefecture, and occasionally the year of
arrival in Hawaii and status in family and occupation, of
each of the deceased.

127.

_____________. "Senjichu nisshi" ["Wartime diary"]. MSS Aiea,

Oahu, 1940-1945. 96 pp. Aiea Hongwanji Mission

A record of activities and problems faced by the minister and

laymen of the Aiea Hongwanji Mission, covering the period
from April 1, 1940 to December 30, 1942, and from November 7,
1943 to April 1945. Kept mainly by laymen of the Mission.

222
JAPANESE MATERIALS 128-131

128.

Aiea Sotoshu Taiheiji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

Aiea, Oahu, 1900-1967. Aiea Soto Mission

Similar to Item 126, this register actually antedates the

founding of the Taiheiji Temple in 1918 and the beginning of
missionary work in Aiea in 1904. It includes known Soto Zen
adherents who died in the area of Aiea before 1904.

129.

Beifu Kenkyu-kai. Dainisei to bukkyo [The second generation and

Buddhism]. Kyoto, 1935. 106 pp. UHOC

A discussion of the appeal of Japanese Buddhism to the

second-generation Japanese in Hawaii and on the Mainland,
focusing on participation by young people in religious activ­
ity and prospects for retention of the faith among future
generations.

130.

Dodo Mortuary. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 10

books. Hilo, Hawaii, 1939-1967. Dodo Mortuary

A death register for the Hilo area on the island of Hawaii.

131.

Fujihana, Kyodo. Hawaii Jodoshu enkaku gaiyo [An outline his­

tory of the Jodo sect in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1964. 16 pp.
Jodo Mission of Hawaii

A brief historical sketch of Jodo missionary work in Hawaii,

including the names of the successive bishops of the Mission
and the current resident ministers at the seventeen temples
within the state of Hawaii.

223
132-135 JAPANESE MATERIALS

132.

Fukuda, Sensei, ed. Y ojo no hikari [Light in the ocean].

Honolulu, 1934. 530 pp. Jodo Mission of Hawaii; UHOC

Essays by a number of Jodo sect members about the history and

current activities of Jodo temples in Hawaii, covering the
period from 1894 t o 1933.

133.

Hanapepe Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

Hanapepe, Kauai, 1909-1967. Hanapepe Hongwanji Mission

A death register of the Hanapepe Hongwanji diocese on the

island of Kauai.

134.

____________ . Kyosan hoyo kinen shi [50th year commemoration,

May 25-26, 1963]. Mimeo. Hanapepe, Kauai, 1963. [16, 10 pp. ].
Hanapepe Hongwanji Mission; UHH

A publication commemorating the 50th anniversary of the

establishment of the temple at Eleele, later transferred to
Hanapepe, giving a brief historical account and a program for
the celebration. Text in Japanese and English. The Japanese
section contains a list of the aged members of the congrega­
tion.

135.

Harris Memorial Church. Harris Kinen Methodist Kyokai N ihongobu

geppo [Monthly reports of the Japanese section of Harris
Memorial Methodist Church]. Nos. 1-164. Honolulu, October
1946-January/February 1964. Mrs. Tamura Sunao

A series of monthly reports begun by Rev. Paul Kiyoshi Tamura

concerning programs and activities of the Japanese members of
the church; also includes religious writings by the minister
and others.

224
JAPANESE MATERIALS 136-139

136.

Harris Memorial Church. Har r is kyodan [From the pulpit at

Harris]. 7 leaflets. 1950-1954. Mrs. Tamura Sunao

Occasional pamphlets issued by the minister at Harris

Memorial Methodist Church as religious instruction for
Japanese members.

137.

_____________. "Kaiin meibo" ["Membership records"]. MSS 3

books. Honolulu, 1888-1900, 1912-1931.
Harris Memorial Methodist Church

Chronological rosters of the Japanese members of the church,

occasionally recording such additional information as ad­
dresses, ages, and occupations.

138.

_____________. "Kiroku" ["Records"]. MSS 5 books. Honolulu,

1898-1923. Harris Memorial Methodist Church

Daily records of church business.

139.

_____________ . "Zai Hawaii Nihonjin Methodist Kantoku Kyokaiin

bo" ["Japanese membership record of the Methodist Church in
Hawaii"]. MSS 2 books. Honolulu, 1896.
Harris Memorial Methodist Church

A record of the earliest Japanese membership in the

Methodist Church.

225
140-143 JAPANESE MATERIALS

140.

Hawaii Bukkyo Seinen-kai. Dobo [The Dobo]. Nos. 320-438

(November 1926-December 1939). Honolulu.
Hawaii Bukkyo Seinen-kai (Young Buddhist Association of Hawaii)

A monthly bilingual bulletin of the Young Buddhist

Association of Hawaii, which began in July 1900, with news
and comments on Association activities and general religious
matters.

141.

Hawaii Honpa Hongwanji Kyodan. Gomonshu gojunkyo kinen Hawaii

Honpa Hongwanji Kyodan enkaku shi [A history of the Hawaii Honpa
Hongwanji Mission, (published) in commemoration of the visit of
the Abbot]. Honolulu, 1954. 211 pp.
Honpa Hongwanji Mission; UHOC

Outline history of Honpa Hongwanji missionary activities in

Hawaii, covering the period from 1889 to 1954.

142.

Hawaii Honpa Hongwanji. Hongwanji Hawaii kaikyo nijukonen kinen

koen shu [Collected lectures in commemoration of the 25th anni­
versary of the missionary work of Hongwanji in Hawaii].
Honolulu, 1921. Honpa Hongwanji Mission

A collection of essays dealing with the history of Hongwanji

missionary activity; membership; issues to be acted upon and
attitudes to be taken by Hongwanji ministers and laymen.

143.

_____________. Hongwanji Hawaii kaikyo sanjugoshunen kiyo

[Bulletin commemorating the 35th anniversary of Hongwanji
missionary work in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1931.
Honpa Hongwanji Mission

226
JAPANESE MATERIALS 144-147

A general history of the missionary activity of the

Hongwanji. Based primarily on the works of Bishop Imamura
Emyo (Items 159 and 160) it brings the account up to 1930.

144.

Hawaii Shingonshu Kyodan. Teikan saisoku kyokukai hoki [Charter

and Bylaws of the Shingon Sect Mission of Hawaii]. Honolulu,
1949. 31, 21 pp. Shingon Sect Mission; UHH

The 1915 charter of incorporation and bylaws of the Shingon

Sect Mission of Hawaii as amended in 1949, together with
regulations of the diocese directly under jurisdiction of the
Bishop of the Mission. The English section (21 pp. ) gives
the charter and bylaws but not the regulations.

145.

Higashi Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii. "Higashi Hongwanji

shokiroku" ["Records of Higashi Hongwanji"]. MSS 5 books.
Honolulu, 1919-1955. Higashi Hongwanji Mission

The first book gives brief accounts of the history of the

Higashi Hongwanji, with names of the pioneer ministers and
laymen. The second through the fifth books are in diary form
and cover the period from 1932 to 1955.

146.

_____________ . "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 4

books. Honolulu, 1916-1967. Higashi Hongwanji Mission

A register of deceased persons within the Higashi Hongwanji

diocese of Honolulu.

147.

[Hilo] Church of the Holy Cross. Hilo Kyokai kaiin m eibo [A

list of members of the Hilo Church]. Mimeo. 2 books. Hilo,
Hawaii, 1895-1946. Yoshishige Kunikiyo

227
148-152 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A chronological membership directory of the oldest Japanese

community Christian church on the island of Hawaii.

148.

Hilo Higashi Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"].

MSS Hilo, 1928-1967. Hilo Higashi Hongwanji Mission

A death register of the Hilo Higashi Hongwanji diocese.

149.

Hilo Hongwanji Betsuin. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"].

MSS 3 books. Hilo, 1889-1967. Hilo Hongwanji Mission

A death register of the Hilo Honpa Hongwanji diocese.

150.

_____________. Soritsu nanajugoshunen kinen shi [Hongwanji Hilo

Betsuin 75th anniversary 1965]. Hilo, 1965. 150 pp.
Hilo Hongwanji Mission; UHH

A publication commemorating the 75th anniversary of the

beginning of the Mission in Hilo, containing its history and
descriptions of its affiliated organizations.

151.

Hilo Jodoshu Meishoin. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

2 books. Hilo, 1910-1967. Hilo Jodo Mission

A death register of the Hilo Jodo diocese.

152.

Hilo Shingonshu Hoganji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"].

MSS 2 books. Hilo, 1907-1967. Hilo Shingon Mission

228
JAPANESE MATERIALS 153-157

Death register of the Hilo Shingon Mission, for the Hilo

area.

153.

Hilo Sotoshu Taishoji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

Hilo, 1916-1967. Hilo Soto Mission

Death register of the Hilo Soto Mission.

154.

Honokaa Hongwanji. "Honokaa Hongwanji kiroku" ["Records of the

Honokaa Hongwanji Mission"]. MSS 3 books. Honokaa, Hawaii,
1923-1965. Honokaa Hongwanji Mission

Miscellaneous records concerning the Mission’s activities

among the Japanese community in the Honokaa area in Hawaii.

155.

_____________. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 5

books. Honokaa, Hawaii, 1904-1967. Honokaa Hongwanji Mission

A death register of the Honokaa Hongwanji diocese including

the Honokaa and Puilo areas in Hawaii.

156.

Honomu Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

Honomu, Hawaii,.
1907-1967. Honomu Hongwanji Mission

A death register of the Honomu Hongwanji diocese in Hawaii.

157.

Honomu Shingonshu Henshoji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"].

MSS Honomu, 1910-1967. Honomu Shingon Mission

229
158-161 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A death register of the Honomu diocese.

158.

Imamura, Emyo. Daiikkai han Taiheiyo bukkyo seinen taikai ni

yosu [A message to the delegates, first Pan-Pacific Y.M. B.A.
Conference, July 21 to 26, 1930]. [Honolulu], 1930. 28, 13 pp.
Waipahu Hongwanji Mission

A speech delivered by Bishop Imamura of the Honpa Hongwanji

Mission of Hawaii at the Young Men's Buddhist Association
Conference in July 1930, reviewing the past activity of the
religious order and encouraging young Buddhists to expand
their activities for the good of the population in the Pacific
Basin. Text in Japanese and English.

159.

____________ . Hawaii kaikyo shiyo [Summary history of mission­

ary work in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1918. 38, 18, 365, ii, 28 pp.
Honpa Hongwanji Mission; Jikoen Temple

A general history of the missionary work of the Honpa

Hongwanji in Hawaii, drawing upon the personal experiences of
the author, Bishop of the Mission.

160.

_____________. Honpa Hongwanji Hawaii kaikyo shi [A history of

the missionary work of the Honpa Hongwanji in Hawaii].
Honolulu, 1918. 570 pp. Honpa Hongwanji Mission; UHOC

Slightly expanded version of Item 159, with a discussion of

future prospects for the Mission.

161.

Izumi, Kakusho. Bussoge [Hibiscus]. Kyoto, 1953. 330 pp. UHOC

230
JAPANESE MATERIALS 162-165

Religious essays by a former Honpa Hongwanji minister, origi­

nally given as radio broadcasts over KGU.

162.

Izumi, Kakusho. Zoku bussoge [Hibiscus, continued]. Kyoto,

1953. 163 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

A sequel to Item 161.

163.

Jodoshu Betsuin. "Kaikyoku kiroku" ["Records of the diocese"].

MSS 2 books. Honolulu, 1927-1946. Jodo Mission of Hawaii

Various administrative and religious records of the Jodo

diocese directly under jurisdiction of the Bishop of the
Mission.

164.

. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 3

_

books. Honolulu, 1901-1902, 1918-1928, 1939-1949.

Jodo Mission of Hawaii

Death register of the Jodo Mission of Hawaii. The third book

includes brief notes on the history of the Jodo Mission and
its successive bishops.

165.

Kapaa Jodoin. "Kyokai kiroku" ["Temple records"]. MSS 3

books. Kapaa, Kauai, 1911-1961. Kapaa Jodo Mission

Miscellaneous records pertaining to the history and activities

of the Jodo Mission in Kapaa.

231
166-169 JAPANESE MATERIALS

166.

Katoda, Tetsuei. Hawaii Shingonshu kaikyo enkaku soritsu

gojisshunen kinen [The 50th anniversary of the establishment of
the Shingon Sect Mission of Hawaii]. [Honolulu], 1966. 16, 17
pp. Shingon Sect Mission of Hawaii; UHH

A brief historical account of the missionary work of the

Shingon sect in Hawaii, by the Bishop of the Mission (1958- ).
A 17 pp. English translation is appended.

167.

Kealia Hongwanji. "Kealia Hongwanji kiroku" ["Records of the

Kealia Hongwanji Mission"]. MSS 5 books. Kealia, Kauai, 1899-
1921. Kapaa Hongwanji Mission

Miscellaneous records pertaining to the activities of the

Kealia Hongwanji Mission, now merged with the Kapaa Mission.

168.

Kikuchi, Chiyoku, ed. Naalehu Hongwanji Kyodan soritsu

sanjugoshunen kinen shi [Naalehu Hongwanji Mission 35th anniver­
sary magazine]. Naalehu, Hawaii, 1935. 97, 62 pp.
M r s . Kikuchi Shigeo

Relates the history of the Mission, which served the Naalehu

Plantation and its large population of Japanese workers.
Describes the educational and social activities of the con­
gregation. Condensation in English is appended (62 pp. ).

169.

Komagata, Zenkyo. "Hawaii Sotoshu enkaku shi" ["A history of

the Soto sect in Hawaii"]. MSS Honolulu, 1950. 21, 4 pp.
Komagata Zenkyo

An outline history of the Soto Sect Mission in Hawaii, by the

current bishop of the Mission.

232
JAPANESE MATERIALS 170-173

170.

Komuro, Tokuji. Methodist Hawaii kaikyo sanjugonen [Thirty-five

years of Methodist missionary work in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1923.
38 p p . M r s . Tamura Sunao

A historical account of Methodist missionary work among the

Japanese population in Hawaii, beginning in 1885, written by
the resident minister at Harris Memorial Church from 1922 to
1930.

171.

Kona Daifukuji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS Kona,

Hawaii, 1890-1967. Kona Soto Mission

Death register of the Kona Daifukuji Soto Mission.

172.

____________ . Kohi no sato no hokori: soritsu sanjugoshunen

kinen Kona Daifukuji [The pride of the coffee growing community:
commemorating the 35th anniversary of the Kona Daifukuji].
Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii, 1950. 47, 33 pp. Kona Soto Mission

A publication commemorating the 35th anniversary of the Soto

Mission in Kona and the 5th territorial convention of the
Soto Young Buddhist Association of Hawaii, in Japanese (47
pp. ) and English (33 pp. ). Contains a brief history and
description of activities of the Mission in the Japanese
community of Kona.

173.

Kona Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 3

books. Kona, Hawaii, 1898-1967. Kona Hongwanji Mission

Death register of the Kona Hongwanji Mission.

233
174-177 JAPANESE MATERIALS

174.

Kotani, Tokusui. Kaikyo no reimeiki [The early periods of the

Mission]. Honolulu, 1914. 42 pp.
Kapaa Hongwanji Mission; UHH (photocopy)

A historical account of the beginnings of the Honpa Hongwanji

Mission in the Kealia, Kauai area in 1899.

175.

Kumada, Gisuke. "Methodist kyokai shoshi" ["A brief history of

the Methodist Church"]. MSS Honolulu, [n.d. ]. 7 pp.
M r s . Kumada Hatsue

A brief account of the development of Methodism in the

Hawaiian Japanese community, written from the author's own
experience.

176.

. "Minami King Kyokai kaikoroku" ["Reminiscences

_

about the South King Street Church"]. MSS Honolulu, [n.d. ]. 3

pp. Mrs. Kumada Hatsue

Brief commentary on changes in the organization and member­

ship of the South King Street Methodist Church, of which the
author was a member, from the 1890's to the 1930's.

177.

Lahaina Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

Lahaina, Maui, 1904-1967. Lahaina Hongwanji Mission

Death register of the Lahaina Hongwanji Mission.

234
JAPANESE MATERIALS 178-182

178.

Lihue Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

Lihue, Kauai, 1901-1967. Lihue Hongwanji Mission

Death register of the Lihue Hongwanji Mission.

179.

Makiki [Kirisuto] Kyokai. Makiki Kirisuto Kyokai rokujunen shi

[A sixty-year history of the Makiki Christian Church]. Honolulu,
[1964]. 10, 14 pp. Makiki Christian Church

A brief history of the church established for Japanese

Christians by Rev. Okumura Takie in 1904. A 14 pp. English
section is appended.

180.

_____________ . Shinko no tomo [Friends in faith]. Nos. 1-102

(February 1924-October 1932). Honolulu.
Makiki Christian Church

A monthly religious bulletin of the Church begun under the

direction of Rev. Okumura Takie. This publication was super­
seded by Item 181.

181.

_____________ . Seijo kyoho [Religious bulletin of the Makiki

Church]. Nos. 1-189 (December 1932-February 1941). Honolulu.
Makiki Christian Church

A monthly religious bulletin. Succeeded Item 180.

182.

Matsunami, Kodo. Hawaii bukkyo no oitachi [A glimpse of Hawaii

Buddhism]. Honolulu, 1963. 7, 9 p p .
Nago Ninryo; Jodo Mission of Hawaii

235
183-186 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A concise outline history of Buddhist missionary work in

Hawaii, covering the period from 1887 to 1963, in Japanese
and English.

183.

Murano, Takaaki. Bukkyo kaigai dendo shi [A history of Buddhist

missionary activity abroad]. Los Angeles, 1933. 333 pp.
Wahiawa (Kauai) Soto Mission

History of Soto Zen missionary activity outside Japan.

Section on Hawaii, pp. 31-96.

184.

Nuuanu Kyokai. Nuuanu Kyokai geppo [Monthly reports of the

Nuuanu Church]. XX, No. 7 (July 1928) - XXIX, No. 12 (December
1937). Mrs. Tanuma Sunao

Monthly reports on membership and activities of the Nuuanu

Christian Church.

185.

Okawa, Gendo. Hawaii Sotoshu jiin josei gaiyo [Brief survey of

the Soto Temples in Hawaii]. Mimeo. Waipahu, Oahu, 1949.
Paia (Maui) Soto Mission

Capsule descriptions, with historical notes, of each of the

ten Soto missions in Hawaii.

186.

Okumura, Takie. Hawaii dendo sanjunen ryakushi [Thirty years of

Christian mission work among Japanese in Hawaii]. Honolulu,
1917. 75, 8 pp. UHOC

236
JAPANESE MATERIALS 187-190

A publication commemorating thirty years of Christian mis­

sionary work among the Japanese in Hawaii. The author,
founding minister of the Makiki Christian Church, treats the
history of the organized efforts to Christianize these peo­
ple.

187.

Okumura, Takie. Nichiyo kowa [Sunday lectures]. Tokyo, 1915.

139 pp. Makiki Christian Church; UHOC

A collection of Rev. Okumura T a k i e ’s sermons for Japanese

Christians.

188.

_____________. Oncho kiryaku [Brief notes on blessings received].

Honolulu, 1933. 139 pp. Makiki Christian Church

In two parts: a short narrative history of Makiki Christian

Church, containing the aut h o r ’s credo, and a longer appendix
listing the membership, with names, birth and baptismal
dates, and home prefectures.

189.

Paia Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS Paia,

Maui, 1907-1967. Paia Hongwanji Mission

Death register of the Paia Hongwanji Mission for its parish,

which extends to the Hana area on the island of Maui.

190.

"Kifucho" ["Book of donations"]. MSS 56 books.

Paia, Maui, 1910-1929. Paia Hongwanji Mission

A register of donations given by people of the Mission for

the operation and maintenance of the temple. Gives insight
into the financial and economic condition of the donors.

237
191-195 JAPANESE MATERIALS

191.

Paia Hongwanji. "Yoshoshu" ["A collection of important documents"].

MSS 5 books. Paia, Maui, 1912-1918. Paia Hongwanji Mission

A collection of temple records, mostly correspondence, re­

lating to the activities, problems, and accomplishments of
the Mission.

192.

Paia Mantokuji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS Paia,

Maui, 1907-1967. Paia Soto Mission

Death register of the Paia Soto Mission (Mantokuji).

193.

. "Mantokuji soritsu gairyaku hokokusho" ["An

_

outline on the beginnings of Mantokuji"]. MSS Paia, Maui,

[n.d. ]. Paia Soto Mission

A brief historical account of the Mission since its founding

in 1907, written by the resident minister, Rev. Ueoka Sogyo.

194.

Puna Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 2

books. Keaau (Olaa), Hawaii, 1902-1967.
Puna Hongwanji Mission

Death register of the Puna Hongwanji Mission for the Puna

district in Hawaii.

195.

Puunene Jodoin. Puunene Jodoin gojunen shi [Fifty years of

historical events of the Puunene Jodo Mission]. Puunene, Maui,
1959. 8, 6 pp. Puunene Jodo Mission; Nago Ninryo; UHH

238
JAPANESE MATERIALS 196-199

A brief description of the development of the Puunene Jodo

Temple from 1909 to 1959, in Japanese and English.

196.

Puunene Jodoin. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

Puunene, Maui, 1909-1967. Puunene Jodo Mission

Death register of the Puunene Jodo Mission.

197.

Shibata, Genpo. Jodoshu kaikyo yoran [Outline history of the

missionary work of the Jodo sect], Tokyo, 1928. 159 pp.
Nago Ninryo

A history of Jodo sect missionary activities outside Japan.

Section on Hawaii, pp. 129-151.

198.

Shinbo, Gido. "Hawaii no shukyo jijo— tokuni bukkyo o chushin

to shite" ["Religious conditions in Hawaii, with special refer­
ence to Buddhism"]. Bukkyo bunka kenkyu [Studies in Buddhist
culture]. (Kyoto), No. 12 (1963), pp. 123-134.
Puunene Jodo Mission; UHH

A brief historical sketch and a discussion of current member­

ship and activities of Buddhist missions in Hawaii, written
by the current resident minister of the Jodo Mission at
Puunene, Maui.

199.

Sotoshu Betsuin. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 2

books. Honolulu, 1912-1967. Soto Mission of Hawaii

Death register of the Soto Mission of Hawaii.

239
200-203 JAPANESE MATERIALS

200.

Sotoshu Betsuin. "Shokiroku" ["Miscellaneous records"]. MSS 2

books. Honolulu, 1946-1966. Soto Mission of Hawaii

Postwar records of the Mission, including newspaper clippings,

notes and comments on Mission programs.

201.

Takesono, Seikaku. "Kapaa Hongwanji oyobi Kapaa Chiho jiseki,

Kealia Hongwanji jiseki" ["Events taking place at the Kapaa
Hongwanji, in the Kapaa District, and at the Kealia Hongwanji"].
MSS Kapaa, Kauai, 1961. Oversize table.
Kapaa Hongwanji Mission

A table showing various events occurring in the Kapaa and

Kealia areas in Kauai from 1899 to 1960. Events are mainly
related to religious activities.

202.

Tamayose, Houn. Onkyo shukuen [Profound blessings and Karma].

Honolulu, 1953. 112 pp. McCully Higashi Hongwanji; UHOC

Religious essays and accounts of personal experiences in the

service of Buddha by a Higashi Hongwanji minister from
Okinawa, written on the occasion of his 73rd birthday.

203.

Tenrikyo Hawaii Dendo-cho. Tenrikyo Hawaii dendo shi [A history

of the missionary work of the Tenrikyo in Hawaii]. Honolulu,
1957. 365 pp. UHH

240
JAPANESE MATERIALS 204-206

A history of Tenrikyo missionary work in Hawaii over a

thirty-year period, with appendices giving a chronological
table of private and official missionary activities, develop­
ment of individual churches on the various islands, and lists
of the membership and resident ministers of individual
churches. A section in English contains eighteen essays on
the Tenrikyo religion.

204.

Tottori, Mitsumyo, ed. Shingonshu Hawaii Betsuin soritsu man

jisshunen ni saishite [On the occasion of the 10th anniversary
of the founding of the Shingon Sect Mission of Hawaii].
Honolulu, 1927. 2, 2, 3, 181 pp.
Rev. Tottori Mitsumyo (Hawaii Daigoin Temple, Honolulu)

Contains eighteen brief essays by ministers and laymen of the

Shingon sect about the history of Shingon missionary work in
Hawaii, with descriptions of problems encountered by early
missionaries among the Hawaiian Japanese, who tended to
regard the sect as heretical.

205.

Tsunemitsu, Kozen. "Hawaii fukyo no ganso Kagai Soryu" ["Kagai

Soryu, the first missionary in Hawaii"]. Hawaii hochi. June
17-28, 1966. Hawaii Hochi; UHOC

An account of the beginning of Japanese Buddhist missionary

work in Hawaii by Kagai Soryu, a Honpa Hongwanji minister
from Oita Prefecture, who came to Hawaii in 1889 and stayed
for six months, visiting Maui, Kauai, and Hawaii, as well as
Oahu. The account is based on a short diary kept by Kagai
and recently found by the author.

206.

Wahiawa Zenshuji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS

Wahiawa, Kauai, 1900-1967. Wahiawa Soto Mission

Death register for the Wahiawa district of Kauai.

241
207-211 JAPANESE MATERIALS

207.

Wailuku Hongwanji. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"]. MSS 2

books. Wailuku, Maui, 1900-1967. Wailuku Hongwanji Mission

Death register for the Wailuku district of Maui.

208.

__________ . "Kiroku" ["Records"]. MSS Wailuku, Maui, 1900.

Wailuku Hongwanji Mission

A brief account of the life and work of the first resident

minister at the Wailuku Mission, Rev. Kunisaki Hojun (1898-
1900).

209.

"Komu nisshi" ["Daily records of the school"].

MSS Wailuku, Maui, 1902-1907. Wailuku Hongwanji Mission

Records pertaining to the operation and programs of the

Japanese language school attached to the Wailuku Mission.

210.

____________ . "Nisshi" ["Daily records"]. MSS Wailuku, Maui,

1903. Wailuku Hongwanji Mission

A temple record for January 1903. Contains a membership

list.

211.

_____________. "Shinshu Maui Kyokaiin meibo" ["A membership

directory of the Maui Shin Sect Church"]. MSS Wailuku, Maui,
1903. Wailuku Hongwanji Mission

242
JAPANESE MATERIALS 212-214

A membership list of the Wailuku Hongwanji Mission as of

April 1903.

212.

Wailuku Hongwanji. Shinran shonin nanahyakkai daionki soritsu

rokujugoshunen [65th anniversary celebration; St. Shinran's
700th memorial observance], Wailuku, Maui, 1964. 29, 68 pp.
Wailuku Hongwanji Mission

A publication commemorating the 65th anniversary of the

Mission's founding and the 700th anniversary of Shinran’s
death, containing a brief history of the Mission and a de­
scription of its affiliated organizations. Text in Japanese
(29 p p . ) and English (68 pp. ).

213.

Wailuku Jodoin. Wailuku Jodo-shu gojunen shi [50th anniversary,

Jodo Mission of Wailuku]. Mimeo. Wailuku, Maui, 1964. 49 pp.
Wailuku Jodo Mission

A fifty-year history of the Wailuku Jodo Mission, written by

the current resident minister of the temple, Rev. Imamura
Taizen.

214.

Waipahu Hongwanji Mission. "Kakocho" ["Book of the deceased"].

MSS 5 books. 1901-1967. Waipahu Hongwanji Mission

A death register of the Waipahu Hongwanji Mission for the

areas of Waipahu and Ewa, Oahu.

243
215-217 JAPANESE MATERIALS

215.

Waipahu Sotoshu Taiyoji. Waipahu Sotoshu Taiyoji shinchiku

rakusei Hawaii zento Sotoshu daiyonkai seinen taikai kinen shi
[A publication celebrating the new building for the Taiyoji
Temple of the Waipahu Soto Mission and the Fourth Soto Young
Buddhist Association Conference of Hawaii]. Waipahu, Oahu,
1949. 25, 19 pp. UHH

A publication in Japanese (25 pp. ) and English (19 pp. ),

giving a brief history of the mission and its activities,
rosters of resident ministers and administrators of the mis­
sion and affiliated organizations, and programs for the
celebration of the new building and the Conference.

216.

Yamamoto, Yoshio. Hawaii ni okeru bukkyo no yoran jidai [Early

years of Buddhism in Hawaii]. [Honolulu], [1964]. 28 pp. UHH

Historical account of the beginnings of Buddhist, mainly

Honpa Hongwanji, missionary work in Hawaii in the last two
decades of the nineteenth century.

POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC WRITINGS

217.

"Aikyoshin no tsuyoi Hawaii no kenjin" ["Hawaii’s (Okinawan)

people strongly devoted to their native country"]. Gekkan
Okinawa [Okinawa Monthly], III, No. 4 (May 1963), 50-51.
Shunzo Sakamaki (UH)

Interview between Gushi Yasuo, President of the United

Okinawan Society of Hawaii and Nishime Junji, Mayor of Naha
City, Okinawa, in which is emphasized the strong attachment
of Okinawan people in Hawaii to their ancestral homeland.

244
JAPANESE MATERIALS 218-221

218.

Chuo Kona Seinen-kai. Chuo Kona Seinen-kai nijugoshunen kinen shi

[Silver Jubilee Commemoration of the Central Kona Young M e n ’s
Association]. Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii, 1940. 16, 96 pp.
Yamagata Heiji

A publication commemorating the 25th anniversary of the

Central Kona Young Men's Association, describing its history
and current activities and membership. Text in Japanese
(16 pp. ) and English (96 pp. ).

219.

Dokuritsu koron [The Independent Review]. X, No. 3 (March 1919).

Honolulu. UHOC

A monthly publication under the editorship of Ishida

Keikichi. This issue is devoted to essays on various
public issues in Japan and Hawaii, expressing politically
and socially liberal views. No other issues have been
located.

220 .

Hawaii engei [Horticulture in Hawaii]. I, No. 1 (May 1950), No. 2

(November 1950). Hilo, Hawaii. UHOC

A publication of irregular issue, under the editorship of

Murakami Minoru, directed to people interested in home
gardening in the Hilo area. These two issues, the only
ones available, are concerned with methods of raising orchids.

221 .

Hawaii Hochi-sha. Hawaii N ihonjin jitsugyo shokai go [An Edition

Introducing Japanese Enterprises in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1940.
47, 38 pp. Hawaii Hoch i ; UHOC

245
222-224 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A special edition of the Hawaii Hochi, reviewing past and

current activities of Japanese people in Hawaiian industry
and agriculture. Contains a Japanese section (47 pp. ) and
an English section (38 pp. ).

222 .

Hawaii Hochi-sha. Hawaii Nihonjin jitsugyo shokai shi [An

introduction to Japanese enterprises in H a w a ii ]. Honolulu,
1941. 115 pp. Hawaii Hochi; UHOC

A special edition of the Hawaii Hochi , an expansion of Item

221. Contains descriptions of activities of Japanese people
in business, fishery, and agriculture, with statistical
tables and essays written by representatives of these
fields. Also includes a list of Japanese engaged in these
activities, by island (excluding Hawaii), giving types of
their occupations and home addresses in Japan.

223.

Hawaii Keizai Kenkyu Club. "Kiroku" ["Records"]. MSS

Honolulu, 1947-1956. Matsui Totaro

• Records of the meetings and activities of the Hawaii

Economic Study Club in Honolulu. For records covering the
years after 1956, see Item 191 [M 459] in the English
Materia ls .

224.

Hawaii Keizai Kenkyu Club. Keizai kenkyu [Hawaii Economic

Forum]. Nos. 1-99 (November 1947-November 1967). Honolulu.
Matsui Totaro

Published every few months since 1947, this is a bilingual

(Japanese and English) periodical sponsored by the Hawaii
Economic Study Club. Issues discuss mainly local Japanese
economic activities.

246
JAPANESE MATERIALS 225-228

225.

Hawaii katei zasshi [Hawaii Home Journal]. I, Nos. 1-8 (April-

December 1914). Honolulu. UHOC

A monthly publication of the Nippu Jiji Press directed

to Japanese housewives in Hawaii.

226.

Hawaii Nihonjin Shogyo Rengo Taikai. Dainikai Hawaii Nihonjin

shogyo rengo taikai hokoku [A Report of the Second Conference of
Japanese Business Associations in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1929.
112 p p . UHOC

Proceedings of a conference of nine Japanese businessmen’s

associations of Oahu, Hawaii, Kauai, and Maui, held in
Honolulu, September, 1929.

227.

Hawaii Nikkeijin Rengo Kyokai. Teikan narabini saisoku [The

Charter and Bylaws of United Japanese Society of Hawaii].
Honolulu, 1963. 25, 27 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHH

The charter of incorporation and bylaws of the United Japanese

Society of Hawaii as established in 1963; the society had
existed informally since 1958.

228.

Hawaii Okinawajin Rengo-kai. Hawaii Okinawajin Rengo-kai kaiho

[Report of the United Okinawan Society of Hawaii]. Nos. 1-8 (March
1954-April 1961). Honolulu. Mimeo. Dr. James H. Tengan

Annual reports of the United Okinawan Society on its

activities and programs, from the year of its inception
in 1954.

247
229-231 JAPANESE MATERIALS

229.

Hawaii Rodo Renmei-kai Honbu. Genkyu hantai seimeisho [The

Hawaii Laborers’ Association’s Announcement Against Wage Reduction].
Honolulu, 1921. 16, 15 pp. HSPA

A statement issued by the Hawaii Laborers’ Association

(formerly the Federation of Japanese Labor in Hawaii) on
November 1, 1921, against the new wage and bonus scale
announced by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association
following the large-scale strike of Japanese plantation
workers in 1920. The new scale was declared to be less
equitable than the one which had precipitated the strike.
Statement in Japanese (16 pp. ) and English (15 pp. ).

230.

Hayashi, Saburo. Hawaii j itsugyo annai [An Introduction to Business

Activities in Hawaii]. Kona, Hawaii, 1909. 4, 6, 348 pp. UHOC

History and description of the occupational pursuits of

Japanese in Hawaii, with special emphasis on those in the
Kona area. Introduces Japanese social and economic
associations, and presents demographic and economic statistics
relative to the Japanese. The book is primarily directed
toward Japanese issei, indicating the advantages of permanent
residence in Hawaii. Includes lists of names of Japanese
residents, by island.

231.

Hibana [Sparks]. Ill, No. 7 (July 1934). Honolulu. UHOC

A monthly magazine of essays on local and international

political and social issues. Although no other issues
have been found, it is clear that it was an extreme
leftist journal designed to influence Japanese residents
in Hawaii towards Marxist lines of thought.

248
JAPANESE MATERIALS 232-235

232.

Honolulu Nihonjin Shogyo Kaigisho. Honolulu Nihonjin Shogyo Kaigisho

nenpo [Annual Report of the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce].
Honolulu, 1922. UHOC

A report for the year 1922 on Japanese people’s business,

industrial, and agricultural activities, with supporting
statistical matter. Includes a brief history of the
Chamber, its bylaws, and an account of its programs during
the year.

233.

Honolulu Nihonjin Jidoshagyo Domei-kai. Wadachi no ato [Wheel

Tracks]. Honolulu, 1931. 132 pp. UHOC

A descriptive history of the Japanese Automobile Sales and

Mechanic Association of Honolulu issued in commemoration of
its 15th anniversary.

234.

Ijima, Hiroshi. Hawaii ni okeru eisei jotai [Health Conditions in

Hawaii]. Tokyo, 1920. 164 pp. UHOC

Survey conducted by a physician from Japan on the health

conditions of Japanese people in Hawaii. Matters investigated
included the number of doctors available to Japanese patients;
types of occupations of the Japanese; types of illnesses
afflicting Japanese; vital statistics; and the examinations
required of all prospective doctors. Also contains views on
social and economic issues in the community as expressed by
several local physicians.

235.

Imamura, Emyo. Beikoku no seishin o ronzu [In Criticism of the

American Spirit], Tokyo, 1921. 103 pp.
Honpa Hongwanji Mission; UHOC

249
236-238 JAPANESE MATERIALS

Personal views and criticisms on American attitudes and

practices toward Japanese Buddhists in Hawaii and the
Mainland. Written by a noted Honpa Hongwanji minister in
protest of American (Caucasian) people’s unfriendly treat­
ment of Japanese Buddhists. Bound together with this work
is an English essay, "Democracy According to the Buddhist
Viewpoint, " written by the same author and published in
Honolulu in 1918 (29 pp. ). This essay was the nucleus of
this Japanese volume.

236.

Kauai Okinawa Rengo-kai. "Kauai Okinawa Rengo-kai kiroku" ["Records

of the Okinawan People’s Association of Kauai"]. MSS Kauai, 1947-
1967. Yonahara Kanpo

Miscellaneous records pertaining to the organization and

activities of the Okinawan People’s Association of Kauai,
which began in 1947 as the Society for Relief and Rehabilitation
of [Postwar] Okinawa.

237.

Kauai Seibu Nikkeijin Kyokai. "Shokiroku" ["Miscellaneous Records"].

MSS Kauai, 1957-1967. Muraoka Koremitsu

Records pertaining to the organization and activities of

the West Kauai Japanese Community Society, which began in
1947 as the Society for Relief and Rehabilitation of
[Postwar] Japan.

238.

Kauai Tobu Hoshi-kai. "Kauai Tobu Hoshi-kai kiroku" ["Records

of the East Kauai Service Society"]. MSS Kauai, 1952-1967.
Kapaa Hongwanji Mission

Records of the organization and activities of the East

Kauai Japanese Society, which succeeded the East Kauai
Society for Relief and Rehabilitation of Japan of 1947-
1952.

250
JAPANESE MATERIALS 239-242

239.

Kona Nikkeijin Kyokai. "Kona Nikkeijin Kyokai kiroku" ["Records

of the Kona Japanese Society"]. MSS Kona, Hawaii, 1962-1967.
Nakagawa Kinzo (Kealakekua, Kona)

Records of the organization and activities of the Kona

Japanese Society, which began in 1958.

240.

Kosei Okinawa [Rehabilitating Okinawa], Honolulu, 1947-1948.

UHOC

A series of pamphlets, bound in one volume, issued by the

Okinawa Relief and Rehabilitation Foundation, Inc., which
was organized in 1947 by Okinawan people in Hawaii to aid
Okinawa’s recovery from the ravages of the Battle of Okinawa
of 1945. These pamphlets describe conditions in Okinawa
and appeal to Okinawan people In Hawaii for monetary and
other contributions.

241.

Matayoshi, Zenko. Hawaii no rai no konjaku [Leprosy in Hawaii:

Past and Present]. Hilo, Hawaii, 1966. 24 pp.
Matayoshi Zenko; UHH

A brief historical survey of the incidence of leprosy in

Hawaii, with references to Japanese and Okinawans, by a
physician from Okinawa. Includes many statistical tables.

242.

_____________. Hawaii-to (Hawaii-gun) no kekkaku no rekishiteki

kenkyu [Tuberculosis in Hawaii Island (Hawaii County): A
Historical Study]. Hilo, 1965. 17 pp. Matayoshi Zenko; UHH

A historical and statistical study of the incidence of

tuberculosis on the island of Hawaii, compared with that
in Okinawa and Japan.

251
243-246 JAPANESE MATERIALS

243.

Maui Hyogikai Shokikyoku. Rodosha jiten [A Dictionary for Laborers].

Maui, [n.d. ]. 15 pp. Mimeo. UHOC

A pocket Japanese dictionary of economic, political, and social

terms, written to help Japanese working people understand con­
temporary public issues. Published by a labor organization
on Maui, the Maui Council Secretariat, perhaps at the time
of the 1920 strike of Japanese plantation workers.

244.

Maui Nikkeijin Kyokai. Maui Nikkeijin Kyokai kaisoku [Bylaws of

the Maui Japanese Society]. Mimeo. [Maui, 1966], 1 p.
Shinbo Gido

The bylaws of the Maui Japanese Society which began in 1952,

succeeding the Maui Committee for Relief and Rehabilitation
of Japan created in the immediate postwar period.

245.

_____________ . "Maui Nikkeijin Kyokai kiroku" ["Records of the

Maui Japanese Society"]. MSS Maui, 1952-1967. 3 books.
Shinbo Gido

Records of the activities of the Maui Japanese Society.

246.

_____________ . "Maui Nikkeijin Kyokai kiroku" ["Records of the

Maui Japanese Society"]. MSS Maui, 1958-1967. 10 books.
Kato Eiroku

Personal memoranda about the activities of the Maui Japanese

Society by its President, Kato Eiroku.

252
JAPANESE MATERIALS 247-249

247.

Miyahira, Hiroshi. "Okinawa no hatten ni kokensuru kaigai doho"

["Contributions of Overseas Okinawans to the Development of
Okinawa"]. Konninchi no Ryukyu [Ryukyu Today]. VII, No. 10
(October 1963), 10-11. UHOC

A brief survey of financial contributions made by

Okinawan people abroad, including those in Hawaii,
to the development of their home country in the post­
war period.

248.

Murayama, Tamotsu. Hawaii nisei— kutsugoku kara eiko e [Hawaii’s

Nisei: From Humiliation to Glory]. Tokyo, 1966. 275 pp.
Shunzo Sakamaki (UH); UHH

A narrative recounting the history of Japanese immigration

and the experiences of Japanese people in Hawaii; biographical
sketches of a number of prominent nisei in Hawaii, such as
Wilfred C. Tsukiyama, Kazuo Miyamoto, George Hara, Daniel
Inouye, Baron Goto, and Shunzo Sakamaki.

249.

Negoro, Motoyuki. Meij i yonjuichininen Hawaii hojin katsuyaku

shi (ichimei dai hiko kaiko shi) [A History of Japanese Activities
in the Years Meiji 41-42 (1908-1909): History of a Great Strike].
Honolulu, 1915. 508, 102 pp. UHOC

A detailed account of the 1909 strike of Japanese workers

of seven sugar plantations on Oahu, written by a college
graduate and labor sympathizer who gave theoretical
justification for the strike against the sugar planters.
An appendix of 102 pp. is attached, giving the names
of the people who donated funds toward the cost of the
strike .

253
250-253 JAPANESE MATERIALS

250.

Nihon Beifu Kyokai Henshubu. Dainisei to heieki kankei [The

Second Generation and Military Service]. No. 4 of Dainisei
sosho [A Series of Publications on the Second Generation],
Tokyo, 1938. 55 pp. UHOC

A general discussion of problems of loyalty and military

service that nisei citizens in Hawaii and on the Mainland
might have to face in the event of war between Japan and
America.

251.

_____________. Dainisei to kokuseki mondai [The Second Generation

and the Problem of Nationality]. No. 3 of Dainisei sosho. Tokyo,
1938. 52 pp. UHOC

A general discussion of nationality for second-generation

Japanese in Hawaii and on the Mainland, as it relates to
questions of their loyalty and occupational life.

252.

Nihonjin Jizen-kai. Hawaii Nihonjin Jizen-kai fuzoku Nihonjin

Byoin hokoku [Report of the Japanese Hospital Attached to the
Japanese Benevolent Society of Hawaii], Honolulu, 1921. 35,
7 pp. UHOC

Outline history of the hospital created in 1900 by the

Japanese Benevolent Society, which was organized two years
earlier. Includes a statement on current hospital
facilities and a list of donors to the hospital’s
upkeep. A brief summary in English is attached.

253.

_____________ . Nihonjin Jizen-kai dairokujikkai teiki sokai

hokoku [A Report of the 60th Regular General Meeting of the
Japanese Benevolent Society of Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1929. 28 pp.
UHOC

254
JAPANESE MATERIALS 254-256

A general report on the Society’s hospital over the six-

month period from July 1 to December 31, 1928, presented
at the Society's meeting in January 1929.

254.

Nozaki, Keisuke. Hawaii to Philippines [Hawaii and the Philippines].

Tokyo, 1932. 152 pp. UHOC

Reflecting Japan's militarist era, this publication

discusses Hawaii and the Philippines as two important
areas of conflicting interest between Japan and the
United States. Section on Hawaii and its Japanese
population, pp. 81-122.

255.

Oishi, Kiichi. Nichibei mondai gitsuryoku kaiketsu saku [Solutions

by Force of Arms of Problems between Japan and the United States].
Tokyo, 1916. 896 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Essays by a former U. S. resident of twenty years, advocating

the use of force by Japan to resolve the political issues
between Japan and the United States. Written against the
background of a serious anti-Japanese movement on the West
Coast and an anti-Japanese language school movement in Hawaii.
Section on Hawaii, pp. 134-226.

256.

Okamura, Mamoru. Aku inshu o metsuzetsu seyo [Let Us Eradicate

Traditional Evils]. Koloa, Kauai, 1930. 31, 17 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

An essay directed primarily to Hawaii's nisei population.

The author decries the perpetuation in Hawaii of certain
Japanese customs and practices, particularly discrimination
against chorinbo, or eta outcasts, and advocates measures
to eradicate these social evils, English section appended
(17 pp. ).

255
257-260 JAPANESE MATERIALS

257.

Okumura, Takie. Hawaii ni okeru Nichibei mondai kaiketsu undo

[A Campaign to Solve Japanese-American Problems in Hawaii].
Honolulu, 1st-6th eds. 1925-1937. UHOC (1st and 4th eds.);
Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii (6th ed. )

Series of reports on a campaign waged by the author, a

Christian minister, and a group of Hawaiian Japanese to
improve Caucasian-Japanese relations in Hawaii so as to
avert the spread of the prevailing anti-Japanese
sentiment on the West Coast to the Islands. Involving
extensive speaking tours and press coverage, the campaign
extended from 1921 to 1930.

258.

Senaga, Seikichi. "Okinawajin Rengo-kai" ["United Okinawan Society

of Hawaii"]. Hawaii hochi. May 22, 1965. Hawaii Hochi', UHOC

A brief history of the United Okinawan Society of Hawaii,

contributed to the Hawaii hochi by the Society’s secretary,
on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of Okinawan
immigration to Hawaii.

259.

Shimada, Gunkichi. Yukoku yoteki [A Patriot’s Thoughts]. Honolulu,

1915. 198 pp. UHOC

A chauvinistic essay by a Japanese resident of Hawaii,

discussing J a p a n ’s foreign relations, particularly with
the United States, and the anti-Japanese movement in
America. References to Hawaii and its Japanese, pp. 87-
140.

260.

Tsutsumi, Takashi. Senkyuhyaku-nijunendo Hawaii sato kochi rodo

undo shi [An Account of the Labor Movement on Sugar Plantations in
Hawaii in 1920]. Vol. I. Honolulu, 1921. 429 pp. UHOC

256
JAPANESE MATERIALS 261-263

A detailed account of the Japanese labor strike of 1920,

written by the secretary of the Federation of Japanese
Labor in Hawaii (later Hawaii Laborers’ Association).
Furnishing background information is a discussion of the
labor movement in general and working conditions on sugar
plantations in Hawaii. This was the first of a projected
two volumes, but the second volume did not appear.

261 .

Uehara, Keiji. Niohibei no setten Hawaii [Hawaii, A Point of

Contact Between Japan and the United States]. Tokyo, 1932.
310 pp. Jikoen Temple; UHOC

A general introduction to Hawaii, discussing history,

peoples, customs, military installations, industry, fauna,
and points of historical interest. Written by an early
immigrant to point out to other Japanese the advantages
of permanent residence in Hawaii.

262 .

Washizu, Shakuma. Zaibei Nihonjin shi kan [Views on the History

of the Japanese in America], Los Angeles, 1930. 295, 82 pp.
UHOC

Compilation of anti-Japanese speeches and writings by

Caucasian Americans representing personal views on the
Japanese in America (primarily the Mainland) and so-called
Japanese problems. The compiler, a resident of the Mainland
for thirty-five years, prefaces his work with an exhortation
to Japanese to build better Japanese-American relations by
understanding the real sources of discrimination against
the Japanese and working out problems calmly and objectively.
A curiously irrelevant appendix contains descriptions of the
origins of various customs and institutions on the Mainland
(pp. 1-54) and in Hawaii (pp. 55-82) that relate to Japanese-
Americans.

263.

Yamashita, Soen. Nichibei o tsunagu mono [Those Who Link Japan

and America]. Tokyo, 1938. 482 pp. UHOC

257
264-266 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A general discussion of the status and problems of

nisei in Hawaii and on the Mainland, discussing their
bearing on Japanese-American relations, with emphasis
on possible contributions nisei can make to the
betterment of relations.

264.

Yamashita, Soen. Ukulele no nageki [Sorrowful Tunes of Ukuleles].

Honolulu, 1933. 490 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Stories of the hardships endured by Japanese residents in

Hawaii, especially by the early immigrants, drawing upon
the experiences of the author himself and others whom he
interviewed or read about.

265.

Yamato Shinbun-sha. Honolulu dai shokyaku no tenmatsu [Details

of the Honolulu Holocaust]. Honolulu, 1900. 16 pp. UHOC

A special edition of the Yamato shinbun (predecessor of the

Nippu jiji and Hawaii Times), giving a full account of the
outbreak of bubonic plague and subsequent incineration of
a great portion of the Honolulu business district in 1899-1900.
It demands of the government of Hawaii prompt relief and
just compensation for the losses sustained by the many
Japanese who owned stores in the destroyed area.

266.

Yoneda, Karl. Zaibei Nihonjin rodosha no rekishi [History of

Japanese labor in the United States]. Tokyo, 1967. 230 pp.
UHOC; UHH

258
JAPANESE MATERIALS 267-268

A history of Japanese labor in the United States, written by

a nisei who is currently employed by the International
Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union in San Francisco,
With a strong pro-labor orientation, the book describes the
hardships endured by the immigrant laborers and outlines
their contributions to the growth of the American economy.
The second part, pp. 143-226, focuses on Japanese labor in
Hawaii. That account is based mainly on the records of the
Hawaii ILWU and such works as Hawaii Nihonjin imin shi (Item
14), Hawaii Nihonjin shi (Item 26), and Gojunenkan no Hawaii
kaiko (Item 95).

267.

Yosemori, Chiro. Hawaii no Nihonjin yo [To the American

citizens of Japanese descent]. Honolulu, 1940. 91, 11 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHOC

An essay by a Honpa Hongwanji minister addressed to American

citizens of Japanese ancestry. He cautioned them against
indiscreet behavior and encouraged their loyalty towards the
country of their birth without loss of affection for the
country of their ancestry during the current trying period.
An English summary of 11 pp. is appended.

268.

Yoshimori, Saneyuki. Hawaii o meguru Nichibei kankei shi [A

history of Japanese-American relations with respect to Hawaii].
Tokyo, 1943. 269 pp. UHOC

A discussion of the development of American and Japanese

interests and their conflict in Hawaii. This is an expanded
version of a report prepared after the outbreak of World War
II by a Foreign Ministry official under orders from his
superiors to review the circumstances of the annexation of
Hawaii by the United States, which was viewed by the Japanese
as disadvantageous for Hawaii’s Japanese community as well as
for Japan.

259
269-272 JAPANESE MATERIALS

269.

Yoshimoto, Hachiro. Nikkei shimin o kataru— America umare no

Nihonjin [Talking about citizens of Japanese descent: American-
born Japanese]. Tokyo, 1934. 312 pp. UHOC

Observations on the social, economic, political, and cultural

conditions of Americans of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii and on
the Mainland; the author’s views on their strengths and
weaknesses as American citizens. In an appendix, several of
the author’s issei friends contribute their opinions on the
state of the younger generation.

270.

Yoto [Islands in the sea]. I, No. 6 (December 1916). Honolulu.

UHOC

A nationalistic Japanese monthly, published from July 1916

until April 1918, under the editorship of Izumi Kango. In
this single remaining issue appear critical essays on inter­
national affairs, particularly those involving Japan and the
United States.

LITERARY WORKS BY JAPANESE IN HAWAII

271.

Aiyu soshi [Friends’ forum]. I, No. 1 (June 1908)-VI, No. 5

(May 1913). Honolulu. Makiki Christian Church

A monthly publication of the Makiki Christian Church designed

to serve as a vehicle for the literary expressions of its
members: included essays and poetry, on a wide variety of
experiences.

272.

Asami, Seiha. Kaichoon [Sounds of ocean waves]. Honolulu,

1922. 72 pp. UHOC

260
JAPANESE MATERIALS 273-276

A collection of tanka (31-syllable poems) by a former editor

of the Nippu jiji. Its publication coincided with the estab­
lishment of one of the first literary clubs among the
Japanese in Hawaii, Choon Shisha, of which the author became
a leading member.

273.

Choon Shisha. Yakaika [Night-blooming cereus]. Honolulu, 1923.

Kawazoe Kenpu

A collection of tanka by members of the Choon Shisha.

274.

Bansho [The evening bell]. Nos. 1-9 (August 1920-April 1921).

Honolulu. Kihara Ryukichi

A monthly magazine published by the Bansho-kai, a literary

club of young men in the Palama area of Honolulu. Contains
essays on current topics.

275.

Byakko [White light]. Nos. 1-5 (February 1914-June 1914).

Honolulu. Kawazoe Kenpu

One of the earliest literary magazines in Hawaii, edited by

Ogomori Kyoka, containing tanka , essays and other original
writings. The magazine was discontinued after No. 7 (August
1914).

276.

Furuya, Suikei. Ruten [Wandering]. Tokyo, 1958. Furuya Suikei

An anthology of free verse written by a wartime internee on

the Mainland about his experiences at various relocation
camps.

261
277-280 JAPANESE MATERIALS

277.

Hata, Koremichi. Hyohaku [Roaming]. Tokyo, 1959.

Furuya Suikei; Kawazoe Kenpu

A collection of the author’s free verse composed when he

returned to Japan in 1955 after a number of years in Hawaii.
It expresses his impressions of Japan and recollections
about Hawaii.

278.

Higa, Seikan. Akai koi [Passionate love], Honolulu, 1924.

102 pp. UHOC

Novel based on an old Hawaiian romance, by a Christian

minister, formerly a newspaper editor.

279.

Hilo Gin’u Shisha. G i n 'u [Silver rain]. Hilo, Hawaii, 1925.

Kawazoe Kenpu

A collection of tanka by members of the Hilo Gin'u Shisha, a

literary club.

280.

Jihibiki [Rumblings of the earth]. Nos. 2-3 (December 1922-May

1923). Honolulu. UHOC

A publication begun in 1922 by another Honolulu literary

club, Jihibikisha. Contains short stories, poems, and
essays.

262
JAPANESE MATERIALS 281-285

281.

Kamani [Kamani tree] Nos. 1-2 (April-June 1924). Honolulu. UHOC

A magazine of the Choon Shisha containing tanka, essays, and

memoirs of its members.

282.

Kasei [Mars]. Nos. 1-9 (October 1909-June 1910). Honolulu.

Kawazoe Kenpu

A magazine of the Minnazuki-kai literary club established in

Honolulu in 1908. Edited by Masuda Gyokusui, it contains
tanka, essays, short stories, free verse, and other forms of
literary expression.

283.

Kakazu, Nansei. Jakko [Red light]. Honolulu, 1923. 115 pp. UHOC

A collection of the tanka of a member of the Jihibikisha.

284

Kanda, Kinzo (pseudonym for Shimada Dan). Yuhi no nai shima

nite [On the island of the never-setting sun]. Honolulu, 1917.
222 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

A collection of short stories based on the actual experiences

of "picture brides" from Japan, who came to Hawaii in great
numbers during the period from 1908 to 1924.

285.

Maruyama, Sojin (Sosaku). Kusa to sora [Grass and sky].

Honolulu, 1941. Kawazoe Kenpu

263
286-289 JAPANESE MATERIALS

286.

Matsuda, Yoshiko. Boekifu [Trade winds]. Honolulu, 1959.

Kawazoe Kenpu

An anthology of tanka by a member of the Choon Shisha and

other literary clubs on Oahu.

287.

Mita, Chumu. lashi to hakuun [Coconut trees and white clouds],

Tokyo, 1956, Kawazoe Kenpu

A collection of free-verse poems by an adherent of the

religion Seicho no ie ("Home of Infinite Life, Love,
Wisdom and Abundance"]; written over the period from 1914 to
1942 and 1947 to 1956.

288.

Miyagi, So, Sosaku Honolulu [Honolulu], Tokyo, 1936. 317 pp.

UHOC

A collection of short stories based on actual experiences of

the Japanese in early days of immigration, together with
impressionistic essays on Hawaii in general.

289.

Nagaoka, Shigure. Shistiu furusato [My native village].

Honolulu, 1937. 154 pp. UHOC

An anthology of free verse by a former editor of the Shogyo

jiho [Commercial Times], reminiscing about his native vil­
lage in Japan and his experiences in Hawaii.

264
JAPANESE MATERIALS 290-294

290,

Nakashima, Naoto. Hawaii monogatari [Stories about Hawaii],

Tokyo, 1936. 350 p p . Jikoen Temple; UHOC

Recollections of life in Hawaii told in ten short stories.

291.

Senryu Willow-sha. Yanagi-gori [Wicker suitcases]. Honolulu,

1952. 134 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii; UHOC

The first published anthology of the Senryu Willow-sha, a

club established in 1932 devoted to the composition of
witty, epigrammatic verse {senryu). The title refers to the
commonest type of traveling bag used by the immigrants.

292.

Soga, Keiho (Yasutaro). Keiho kashu [A collection of poems by

Keiho]. Honolulu, 1958. Kawazoe Kenpu

A posthumous publication of tanka by the former president of

the Hawaii Times, edited by his wife, Sei.

293.

Takahashi, Kanji. Rantana no hana: kashu [Lantana flowers: a

collection of poems]. Fukushima, 1959. 10 pp. UHH

A collection of free verse by a former resident of Hawaii

(1917-1933), recollecting his and other Japanese people’s
experiences on the plantations and in Honolulu.

294.

Tanaka, Yogetsu (Chiyomatsu). Ryusei [Flying stars].

Honolulu, 1.940. 94 pp. Kawazoe Kenpu

265
295-298 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A posthumous collection of the poems of a noted businessman

and former president of the Hilo Japanese Chamber of
Commerce (1929-1931), a resident of Hawaii from 1903 to 1939.

295.

Ukikusa [Duckweed]. Nos. 1-6 (March-August 1911). Honolulu.

Kawazoe Kenpu

A magazine of the Minnazuki-kai haiku (17-syllable poem)

club.

296.

Yasui, Matsuno. Kashu Yashi no kage [An anthology: in the

shadows of coconut trees]. Hiroshima, 1951. 151 pp.
Terasaki Sadasuke

A collection of tanka by a member of the Maui Shinjusha

tanka club (established in 1932). She and her husband were
the publishers of the Maui shinbun, a semiweekly Japanese
newspaper before World War II.

297.

Yokoyama, Shosei. Aikane [Friends]. Honolulu, 1960. 306 pp.

United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Free verse composed by the author while a member of the

Honolulu Seikaginsha (free verse club), after 1930, and the
Hilo Shou-kai club, which was organized in 1904.

298.

Yosemori, Chiro. Mihikari no nakani [In the midst of divine

light]. Honolulu, 1958. Kawazoe Kenpu

A collection of tanka by a former Honpa Hongwanji minister,

composed from 1925 to 1958.

266
JAPANESE MATERIALS 299-302

ALMANACS AND DIRECTORIES

299.

Aoki, Ryugai. Hawaii jinbutsu hyoron [Comments on people of

Hawaii]. Hilo, Hawaii, 1914. HiloTimes; UHOC

A w h o ’s who of Japanese on the island of Hawaii.

300.

Hawaii B u n ’en-sha. Hawaii nenkan 1957-1958 [Directory of

Hawaii, 1957-1958). Honolulu, 1958. Various pagination (706
pp. total). UHOC; UHH

An alphabetical listing of Hawaii’s Japanese people, with

their names and present addresses, by county and island
(Honolulu, Oahu, Ewa Plantation, Hilo, Kona-Kau, Maui,
Kauai, Molokai, and Lanai).

301.

Hawaii Honpa Hongwanji Kyodan. Hawaii Honpa Hongwanji Kyodan

d a n ’in meibo [Membership directory of Honpa Hongwanji Mission
of Hawaii]. [Honolulu], 1962. 294 pp.
Honpa Hongwanji Mission; UHH

A directory, in Japanese and English, of the ministers and

lay members of the Hawaii Honpa Hongwanji Mission, by
parish.

302.

Hawaii Kanyaku Iju Nanajugonensai Maui Jikko Iinkai. Hawaii

kanyaku iju nanajugonensai kinen shi [A commemorative
publication of the 75th anniversary of government contract
immigration to Hawaii]. Wailuku, Maui, 1960. 8, 34 pp.
Mimeo. Shinbo Gido; UHH

267
303-305 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A special publication of the Maui Committee for the celebra­

tion. Basically a directory of 295 aged people (eighty
years and older) living on Maui, arranged by district of
residence in Maui, home prefecture in Japan, and sex.

303.

Hawaii Nihonjin Imin Hyakunensai Maui Jikko Iinkai. Koreisha

meibo [A list of aged people]. Wailuku, Maui, 1967. 18 pp.
Mimeo. UHH

A list of 468 Japanese on Maui, aged 80-101, as of March

1967. The entries, giving birth dates and ages, are ar­
ranged by district of residence in Maui and home prefecture
in Japan. Prepared by the Maui Executive Committee in
preparation for the centennial celebration of Japanese
immigration to Hawaii, to be held in 1968.

304.

Hawaii Nikkeijin Rengo Kyokai. Kaiin meibo (Membership

Directory) . 11 books. Honolulu, 1958-1967. Mimeo.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Annual lists of the membership of the United Japanese

Society of Hawaii, giving the names of the member organiza­
tions and their representatives, in Japanese and English.

305.

"Hawaii Okinawajin Rengo-kai to sono shozoku dantai jusho roku"

["The United Okinawan Society of Hawaii and the Addresses of Its
Member Organizations"]. Shurei no hikari. October 1962. pp.
12-13. UHOC

A list of the member organizations (thirty-four village

associations) of the United Okinawan Society of Hawaii, with
their addresses and representatives.
JAPANESE MATERIALS 306-308

306.

Hawaii Shinpo-sha. Hawaii Nihonjin nenkan [Hawaiian-Japanese

annual]. Nos. 10, 12-16, 18-19. Honolulu, 1912-1924.
UHOC (Nos. 10, 12-16, 18); Jikoen Temple (No. 19)

The contents of this annual vary from issue to issue, but

generally are facts and figures on the following subjects:
laws and regulations; notable political and social events in
Japan, the United States, and the rest of the world; and
political, economic, and social conditions in Hawaii, with
emphasis on the Japanese population and organizations.
Forming an appendix to each issue is a list, arranged by
island and district, of the Japanese heads of households in
Hawaii, giving their occupations and home prefectures.

Higa, Seiyu, e d . Oahu Gushikawa Sonjin-kai sanjisshunen kinen

shi [The 30th anniversary publication of the Oahu Gushikawa-son
People’s Association]. Honolulu, 1956. 135, 69, 16 pp.
Paul R. Agena

Directory of the membership of the Gushikawa Village

Association on Oahu and emigrants from Gushikawa Village
living on other islands. Members are identified by their
original district of residence (asa) in the village. A
sample of one-half of the Association member-households was
chosen to furnish detailed statistics on name, occupation,
birthdate and birthplace, and date of arrival in Hawaii of
each household member.

308.

Higa, Takenobu, ed. Raifu gojunen kinen Hawaii Okinawa kenjin

shashin cho [A photo album of Okinawan people in Hawaii in
commemoration of the 50th anniversary of their arrival]. Hilo,
Hawaii, 1951. [388] pp. Thomas T. Higa

269
309-311 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A collection of photographs of about 1, 300 Okinawan families

in Hawaii, with their Okinawa and Hawaii home addresses. An
appendix gives a brief history of Okinawa, an account of the
Battle of Okinawa in 1945, a description of current condi­
tions in Okinawa, and a resume of the activities of the
Hawaii Okinawa Relief Association.

309.

Honokaa Nihonjin-kai. "Honokaa Nihonjin-kaiin meibo narabini

do kiroku" ["Membership Directory and Records of the Honokaa
Japanese People’s Association"]. MSS Honokaa, Hawaii, 1926.
Honokaa Hongwanji Mission

A membership list of the now defunct Japanese People’s

Association in Honokaa, Hawaii, with a few records pertaining
to its activities.

310.

Honolulu Kumamoto Kenjin-kai. Honolulu Kumamoto Kenjin-kai shi

[A publication of the Honolulu Kumamoto Prefecture People’s
Association]. Honolulu, 1937. 119, 141 pp. UHOC

In the first part of the book, the Association is placed

within the context of the history and current status of the
Japanese in Hawaii. The second part consists of a directory
of Association membership, presenting the records of 211
families in similar fashion to a Japanese koseki tohon,
"family register, " with names, birth dates, and relation­
ships of the family members.

311.

Kauai Tobu Hoshi-kai. ["Kauai Tobu Nihonjin meibo"]

["Directory of Japanese in East Kauai"]. MSS 9 books. Kapaa,
Kauai, 1960. Takesono Seikaku

270
JAPANESE MATERIALS 312-314

A directory of Japanese residents of East Kauai (Lihue to

Hanalei), compiled by the East Kauai Japanese Society. The
format is patterned after the Japanese family register
(koseki tohon), with additional information on date of
immigration to Hawaii, occupation, and biographical notes.

312.

Kimura, Torakichi, ed. Hawaii zairyu Nigata kenjin ryakureki

shashin cho [Biographical and pictorial records of people from
Nigata prefecture in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1921. 222 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Biographical sketches, with photographs, of members of the

Nigata Prefecture People’s Association of Hawaii, each entry
including occupation, length of residence in Hawaii, birth
date, and present address.

313.

Kobayashi, Nisshu, ed. Hawaii nenkan [Hawaii almanac].

Honolulu, 1964. 558 pp. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

A directory of Japanese people in Hawaii, with names and

addresses, for 1963-1964. Arranged by island and district.

314.

Kondo, Kikujiro. Bunrui Hawaii Nihonjin jigyoka nenkan (1940-

1941) [A classified directory of Japanese businessmen in
Hawaii, 1940-1941]. Honolulu, 1940. 381 pp.
Waipahu Hongwanji Mission; UHOC

A directory of Japanese people engaged in various business

activities, arranged by occupation and district. In
Japanese and English.

271
315-318 JAPANESE MATERIALS

315.

Matsuzaka, Shigeru, ed. Hawaii Nihonjin shashin oho [A photo

album of Japanese in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1934. 280, 8, 118, 47
pp. UHOC

Contents: photographs of scenic beauty in Hawaii (280 pp. ),

followed by a brief description of the Islands; and photo­
graphs of prominent Japanese residents (118 pp. ), followed
by a list of some 200 Japanese, by occupation and home
prefecture.

316. (1949).

Momii, Ikken, ed. Zenbei Nikkeijin jusho roku (1949)

[Directory of the Japanese in the United States (1949)]. Los
Angeles, 1949. 934, 19 pp. UHOC

A directory of Japanese people in the United States in 1949,

giving their Japanese and current U. S. addresses. The
section on Hawaii, arranged by islands, covers pp. 794-841.

317.

Nippu Jiji-sha. Hawaii nenkan [Hawaii-Japanese annual and

directory]. 13 vols. Honolulu, 1927-1941. UHOC

An annual whose format and contents make it virtually a

continuation of Hawaii Nihonjin nenkan (Item 306). Each
issue contains a directory, arranged by island and district,
of the heads of Japanese households in Hawaii, giving their
occupations and home prefectures.

318.

Okubo, Gen'ichi, e d . Hawaii Nihonjin hatten meikan Boc ho han

(1939-1940) [Japanese achievement in Hawaii: People from Bocho
(Yamaguchi prefecture), 1939-1940]. Hilo, Hawaii, 1940. 72,
280 pp. UHOC

272
JAPANESE MATERIALS 319-321

Essays on immigration from Yamaguchi Prefecture to Hawaii

and its effects (72 pp. ), followed by biographical sketches
of 860 such immigrants, including their birthdates, ad­
dresses in Yamaguchi Prefecture, dates of arrival in Hawaii,
occupations, and interests and activities (280 pp. ).

319. 1956-1957.

Okubo, Gen'ichi, e d . Hawaii Nikkeijin nenkan fu jinrnei roku

1956-1957 [Hawaii-Japanese annual and directory, 1956-1957].
Hilo, 1957. 107, 36, 103 pp. Honpa Hongwanji Mission

Directory of Japanese persons in Hawaii, listing the home

prefecture and current address of each. Large sections
devoted to Japanese in Hilo (36 pp. ) and Honolulu (103 pp. ),
the latter including biographical sketches.

320.

Sakamoto, Tomio. Hawaii jinbutsu shin chizu [Personal sketches

of people in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1956. 127 pp.
Kawazoe Kenpu; UHOC

Character sketches of forty-seven representative Japanese

leaders in Hawaii.

321.

Shimada, Gunkichi. Hawaii seikosha jitsuden [Biographies of

successful people in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1908. 431 pp. UHOC

Biographical sketches of sixty-three Japanese in Honolulu,

twenty elsewhere on Oahu, forty-eight in Maui, sixty-four in
Hawaii, and thirty-nine in Kauai, who achieved success in
their respective trades and professions.

273
322-325 JAPANESE MATERIALS

322.

Shinakawa, Suetsugu. Hawaii zairyu Kumamoto kenjin ryakureki

shashin cho [Biographical and pictorial records of people from
Kumamoto prefecture in Hawaii]. Haiku, Maui, 1927. 77, 7 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Biographical sketches, with photographs, of the members of

the Kumamoto Prefecture People's Association. Includes
their home addresses in Kumamoto.

323.

Sogawa, Masao. Hawaii Nihonkin meikan [A directory of Japanese

in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1927. 90, 391 pp, UHOC

Comprehensive directory of the Japanese in Hawaii, arranged

in Japanese alphabetical order (i-ro-ha), with brief per­
sonal sketches. Preceded by a narrative historical account
of Hawaii and Japanese immigration to Hawaii (90 pp. ).

324.

Suzuki, Bansaburo. Nisei nenkan (Nisei Directory and Who's Who

1939-1940). Honolulu, 1939. 557, 76 pp. UHOC

The English section (557 pp. ) gives a list of all eligible

nisei voters in Hawaii, arranged by electoral district and
precinct and by sex. Preceding the section on each island
are brief personal and family data on prominent nisei of
that island. The Japanese section (76 pp. ) gives a list of
Japanese organizations in Hawaii and their representatives,
and accounts of Japanese experiences and conditions in
Hawaii, and laws and regulations pertaining to Japanese
residents.

325.

Takahashi, Kanji. Fukushima imin shi: Hawaii kikansha no maki

[A history of emigration from Fukushima (prefecture): returnees
from Hawaii]. Fukushima, 1958. 19, 14, 321 pp. UHH

274
JAPANESE MATERIALS 326-328

Contains biographical sketches of four noted leaders among

the Fukushima immigrants, 291 people who have returned from
Hawaii, and 503 still remaining in Hawaii. Historical
anecdotes and data concerning the Fukushima immigrants are
also presented, together with a list of ships bringing
immigrants to Hawaii, with dates. (The list is derived from
that in Item 85. )

326.

Tajima, Chomei, ed. Hawaii Shuri Shigin-kai jisshunen kinen

shi [The 10th anniversary publication of the Hawaii Shuri City
People's Association]. Honolulu, 1940. 26, 3, 326 pp. UHOC

Short essays by several writers on the history and activities

of Shuri people in Hawaii, and a directory of sixty-nine
member-families of the Hawaii Shuri City People's Association,
arranged in alphabetical order, with personal data on all
family members.

327.

Yamaguchi Kenjin-kai. Yamaguchi Kenjin-kai kaisoku oyobi kaiin

meibo [Bylaws and membership directory of the Yamaguchi
Prefecture People's Association]. Nos. 1-3 (1959-1965).
Honolulu. Mimeo. Shintaku Takeichi

Bylaws and membership directory of the Association, prepared

in 1959 (Nos. 1 and 2) and 1965 (No. 3). The Association
was organized in 1957.

328.

Watanabe, Yakichi, ed. Hawaii zairyu Fukushima kenyin

ryakureki shashin cho [Biographical and pictorial records of
people from Fukushima prefecture in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1955.
343 pp. UHH

Biographical sketches, with photographs, of some 520 members

of the Fukushima Prefecture People's Association in Hawaii.

275
329-332 JAPANESE MATERIALS

NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

329.

Beifu jiho [News of Hawaii and America]. Nos. 1-183 (September

1950-December 1967). Monthly issue. Tokyo. Tanaka Kanji

Bulletin published in Tokyo by Yamashita Soen, formerly a

newspaper reporter in Hawaii. Contains news and occasional
historical essays, mostly by Yamashita, on the Japanese in
Hawaii and on the Mainland. With Nos. 152-171, the title
changed to Beifu tsushin [News from Hawaii and America].

330.

Beifu kenkyii [Studies on Hawaii and America]. No. 3 (1936).

Irregular issue. Kyoto. Waipahu Hongwanji Mission

The only available issue of the bulletin of the Beifu

Kenkyu-kai (Association for Studies on Hawaii and America)
in Kyoto, Japan, containing essays on the Japanese in Hawaii
and on the Mainland. Political matters are emphasized, but
essays cover a wide variety of subjects.

331.

[Fukushima Hawaii-kai] Kaiho [Bulletin (of the Fukushima Hawaii

Association)]. Nos. 61-65 (January 1966-January 1967). Irreg­
ular issue. Fukushima. UHH

Newsletter of the Fukushima Hawaii Association, whose members

are residents of Fukushima prefecture who have been to Hawaii
or who have some connection with Japanese people in Hawaii.
Contents are news items about Association members and
Fukushima people in Hawaii.

332.

Hawaii. Nos. 1-9 (August 1903-October 1904). Irregular issue.

Honolulu. UHOC

276
JAPANESE MATERIALS 333-335

Of Christian sponsorship, this publication had the stated

aim of "the development of sound ideas" among Japanese
immigrants. Contains essays on the activities of Japanese
organizations, family life and personal experiences of the
immigrants, current topics, education, and job opportunities.

333.

Hawaii hochi. December 7, 1912 to date. Daily except Sunday.

Honolulu. Hawaii Hochi

One of the two Japanese newspapers which have continued,

without interruption except for a brief period in 1941-42,
from the beginning of publication to the present. (The
other is the Hawaii Times. ) Together they are the best
primary source for a study of the Japanese community in
Hawaii. Expanded editions were issued to commemorate spe­
cial events, such as the 50th anniversary of the newspaper
in 1962, and the 75th anniversary of government contract
labor immigration and the 100th anniversary of the first
official contact between Japan and the United States, in
1960. Regularly featured are essays on historical matters
and opinions on public issues. Each issue includes an
English section.

334.

Hawaii mainichi shinbun. March 1935-December 1941. Daily

except Sunday. Hilo, Hawaii. Hilo Times

A newspaper of general circulation. Discontinued after the

outbreak of World War II, it had been since 1909 the local
paper for Japanese on the Big Island. Only the issues for the
dates indicated remain.

335.

Hawaii mainichi shinbun. January 1964-April 1965. Weekly

issue, Honolulu, UHOC

27 7
336-337 JAPANESE MATERIALS

Newspaper begun in 1952, which ceased publication in April

1965, with the death of its president-editor Kobayashi
Nisshu. Only issues for the period indicated are available.

336.

Hawaii shinpo. April 1924-1926. Daily except Sunday.

Honolulu. Hilo Times

Begun in 1894, this newspaper was one of the most important

in Hawaii's Japanese community, often taking issue with the
leading newspaper, Nippu jiji and expressing anti-Japanese
labor views. It ceased in 1926 but was resumed in 1932 as a
weekly under a new president and editorial staff. (See Item
378). Only an incomplete set of the last issues (dates
indicated above) remains.

337.

Hawaii Times. October 15, 1895-to date. Varying frequency of

issue. Honolulu. Hawaii Times

Of newspapers for Japanese consumption, this has been in

continual operation the longest. It is the best single
primary source for the Japanese community in Hawaii. Title
and frequency of issue varied as follows:

Yamato October 15, 1895-July 1896 semiweekly

July-August 1896 triweekly

Yamato shinbun August 1896-May 1902 "

May 5, 1902-November 2, 1906 daily except Sun.

Nippu jiji November 3, 1896-December 10, 1941 " " "

December 11, 1941-January 8, 1942 SUSPENDED
January 9, 1942-November 1, 1942 daily except Sun.

Hawaii Times November 2, 1942-present " " ”

278
JAPANESE MATERIALS 338-340

Beginning with the January 22, 1903 issue, an English sec­

tion was included. Expanded editions were published on
special occasions, such as the 50th anniversary of the
arrival of the first government contract labor immigrants,
in 1935 (Item 36); and the 60th and 70th anniversaries of
the founding of the newspaper, in 1955 and 1965 respec­
tively.

338.

Hilo Times. May 1955 to date. Semiweekly. Hilo. Hilo Times

Published by Okubo Kiyoshi, a longtime newspaper man, this

is the only Japanese newspaper on the Big Island at present.

339.

Jitsugyo no Hawaii [Commercial Hawaii]. I, No. 1-XXX, No. 11

(July 1912-November 1941). Monthly. Honolulu.
UHOC (XXIII-XXIX and XXX, No. 9); Toyama Tetsuo

The significance of this magazine lies in its statistical

coverage of Japanese business activities, particularly those
of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce. Its contents range far
wider than commerce, however, to take in many aspects of
Japanese life in Hawaii. Valuable also for its coverage of
the Okinawan segment of the Japanese community. Published
singlehandedly by Toyama Tetsuo, it ceased with the outbreak
of the Second World War.

340.

Jujiro [Crossroads]. Nos. 1-4 (1929-1930). Irregular issue.

Sapporo and Kamakura. UHOC

The publication of a group of lay Christians in Kanagawa

Prefecture and in Hawaii, containing their essays on the
social, educational, and health conditions of Hawaii's
Japanese population. Hawaii members included Drs. Mori Iga,
Mori Gan'ichi, Harada Tasuku and Kunimoto Tadao.

279
341-344 JAPANESE MATERIALS

341.

Kawazoe Kenpu Newspaper Clipping File. 1 folder. Honolulu.

Kawazoe Kenpu

Kawazoe’s personal scrapbook of newspaper clippings. Con­

tents include many articles written by the noted reporter
Yano Ryoka for Hawaii shinpo (item 377). Other clippings
pertain to issues in the Japanese community during the
1930’s, and recent clippings from the Hilo Times, covering
the period from January 1950 to May 1961. The Hawaii shinpo
clippings date from December 1933 to January 1938.

342.

Kona Hankyo (The Kona Echo). February 1897-July 1926. Weekly.

Holualoa, Kona, Hawaii. Hilo Times

This publication was the personal production of a Kona

physician, Dr. Hayashi Saburo, who as publisher and editor,
stamped it indelibly with his frank commentaries on issues
in the Japanese community in Kona in particular and in
Hawaii generally. A complete set of issues is preserved at
the Hilo Times.

343.

Kosei [Rehabilitation]. No. 1 (April 15, 1935). Irregular

issue. Honolulu. 73 pp. UHOC

An obscure publication by one Amano Katsuichi of Honolulu,

containing essays on various topics relative to Hawaii,
Japan, and the world.

344.

Kwazan [The volcano]. July 1-August 26, 1936. Irregular

issue. Hilo. Hilo Times

280
JAPANESE MATERIALS 345-346

A semiweekly newspaper begun in Hilo in 1914. Later issued

daily except Sunday. Ceased with the outbreak of World War
II. Only the issues indicated above remain.

345.

Okinawa. Nos. 1-45 (April 1950-May 1955). Irregular issue.

Tokyo. UHHC

Issue No. 9 (March 1951, 73 pp. ) is most significant, since

it is entirely devoted to Hawaii and its Okinawan popula­
tion. Contains articles on the history of Okinawan immigra­
tion; current status of Okinawans in education, industry,
social welfare, religion and entertainment; and prevailing
conditions of health, mental and physical. Names and ad­
dresses of prominent Okinawans in Hawaii are listed. Arti­
cles on Okinawans in Hawaii appearing in other issues are
cited below:

Impressions of Hawaii, No. 2 (May 1950), pp. 26-28.

Biography of Toyama Kyuzo, the "father of Okinawan immigra­

tion, " No. 2 (May 1950), pp. 12-13; No. 3 (June 1950),
pp. 17-19; No. 4 (July 1950), pp. 14-19.

The Okinawa reversion problem viewed in Hawaii, No. 11 (May/

June 1951), pp. 3-4; No. 15 (November 1951), pp. 24-26.

Biography of Uezu Chirin, a physician, No. 16 (December

1951), pp. 30-33.

Other biographies of Toyama Kyuzo, No. 12 (July 1951), pp.

6-9; No. 17 (January 1952), pp. 14-18; No. 25 (January
1953), pp. 31-33.

Round table discussions on the past and present of Okinawan

people in Hawaii, No. 33 (December 1953), pp. 1-7; No. 36
(April 1954), pp. 26-37; No. 45 (May 1955), pp. 32-48.

346.

Okinawa gurafu (The Okinawa Graph). Tokyo. August 1965. 52

pp. UHH

281
347-349 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A special edition of a monthly pictorial magazine, devoted

to Okinawans in Hawaii. Issued in commemoration of the 65th
anniversary of Okinawan immigration to Hawaii, it contains
brief comments on current conditions of the Okinawan commu­
nity, the anniversary celebrations (May 23, 1965), and the
successive presidents of the United Okinawan Society of
Hawaii. Also includes a discussion between Okinawan leaders
in Hawaii and Chief Executive Matsuoka of Okinawa and a
critical essay on life in Hawaii by a Hawaii Times reporter,
Wakukawa Seiyei.

347.

Rakuen jiho [News in paradise]. XIII, No. 1 (January 1919)-

XXXV, No. 4 (August 1939). Monthly. Honolulu.
Makiki Christian Church

Publication of the Makiki Christian Church begun in 1907

under the leadership of its minister, Okumura Takie. Con­
tains many articles covering a wide range of social, economic,
and cultural subjects, written by Okumura himself and his
church members for the church membership and the general
public.

348.

Shimin (The Citizen). I, No. 1 (June 1954)-to date. Monthly.

Honolulu. Toyama Tetsuo; UHOC

Bilingual publication of the Citizen Study Club of Oahu, of

which Toyama Tetsuo is the founder and consultant. Devoted
to encouraging Japanese citizens in Hawaii to adopt American
citizenship, it contains articles designed to help prospec­
tive naturalized citizens to better understand the laws and
institutions of America.

349.

Shogyo jiho (Commercial Times). I, No. 1 (August 1921)-to

date. Monthly. Honolulu.
Tsuchiya Seiichi; UHOC (partial set); UHH (partial set)

282
JAPANESE MATERIALS 350-353

A publication of general circulation, with essays and notes

on a wide range of subject matters— social, economic, cul­
tural, and political issues in Hawaii, Japan, the Mainland,
and the world. The publication ceased temporarily from
November 1941 to November 1946. Published singlehandedly by
Tsuchiya Seiichi, brother of the famous late president of
the Hawaii hochi, Makino Kinzaburo.

350.

Shukan Times [Weekly Times]. May 1959-August 1964. Weekly.

Honolulu. UHOC

A newspaper of general circulation with a short period of

existence in Honolulu.

351.

Soga, Yasutaro. Nippu jiji editorial file. April 14, 1911-

September 8, 1923. 12 folders. UHOC

The editor's collection of his editorials in Nippu jiji. An

interesting and valuable collection, revealing views on
various public issues in the Japanese community expressed by
one of its most outspoken representatives.

352.

Taiyo (The Hawaii Sun). August-October 1950. Weekly. Hilo.

Hilo Times

Newspaper started by a Hilo physician, Dr. Kuwahara Mitsuo,

for general circulation.

353.

Uruma [Okinawa]. No. 1 (December 1935). Honolulu. 110 pp.

Mimeo. Jikoen Temple

283
354-356 JAPANESE MATERIALS

A publication of the Uruma Youth Association, whose members

were young Okinawan people in Honolulu, containing essays on
a wide range of subjects mainly pertaining to Okinawan
people and of mutual interest to the members.

354.

Yasumori Katsutaro Newspaper Clipping File. 1 folder.

Honolulu. United Japanese Society of Hawaii

A personal collection of the late drug store owner and lay

Christian leader, containing clippings from the now defunct
Kauai shinpo [Kauai News] and also from Hawaii hochi and
Nippu jiji. The articles cover the period from October 20,
1929 to May 1941, and pertain to important events like the
Myles Yutaka Fukunaga kidnap-murder case of 1929 and the
organization of a club of persons who had been in Hawaii for
more than thirty years in 1930; also includes public ad­
dresses given to Japanese people in Hawaii by dignitaries
from Japan and articles about the increasing tension between
Japan and the United States.

355.

Yoen jiho [Paradise News]. May 1921 to date. Koloa, Kauai,

and Honolulu. Kinjo Chin’ei; UHOC (only issues of 1955 to date)

A publication which originated as the weekly bulletin of the

Japanese labor federation on Kauai. In time, and with
changing ownership, the contents broadened to include sub­
jects beyond purely labor interest. In 1947, the publisher-
editor, Kinjo Chin'ei moved the operation to Honolulu,
converting the bulletin to a general newspaper. After
temporarily ceasing from September 1965 to September 1966,
it resumed as a monthly. It gives rather wide coverage of
matters relating to Okinawans in Hawaii.

356.

Yuhi [Going abroad with determination]. Nos. 1-19 (September

1951-March 1960). Monthly. Naha, Okinawa. UHOC

284
JAPANESE MATERIALS 357-359

A magazine devoted to general immigration matters, published

by the Ryukyu Overseas Association.

TRAVEL ACCOUNTS AND GUIDEBOOKS OF HAWAII

357.

Akegarasu, Haya. Hawaii no insho [Impressions of Hawaii].

Ishikawa, 1936. 394 pp. Hilo Times

Travel account and personal impressions of the former resi­

dent minister of the Hilo Higashi Hongwanji Mission,
covering the period from 1929 to 1933.

358.

Furukawa, Yoshizo. Sekai hitonozoki [A glance at the world].

Kobe, Japan, 1930. 429 pp. UHOC

A travel account by an employee of the Davao (Philippines)-

based Japanese colonization company, touching on Hawaii and
its Japanese people, on pp. 16-23. The entire book is in
katakana syllabary.

359.

Hawaii Shogyo-sha. Kona annai [Guide to Kona], Hilo, 1953.

25 pp. Yamagata Heiji

A brief guide to Kona, with special reference to the

Japanese community.

285
360-363 JAPANESE MATERIALS

360.

Hawaii Times-sha. Hawaii jijo [Conditions in Hawaii]. 1st ed.

Honolulu, 1954. 171 pp. 2nd ed. Honolulu, 1958. 191 pp. 3rd
ed. Honolulu, 1964. 223 pp. 4th ed. Honolulu, 1967. 190
pp. Hawaii Times; UHH (3rd and 4th eds.)

A general guidebook on.Hawaii, with information on general

conditions in Hawaii and on various Japanese organizations,
with latest statistical figures.

361.

Hayakawa, Oo. Hawaii saiji ki [Notes on seasonal matters in

Hawaii]. 1st ed. Honolulu, 1913. 145 pp. 2nd ed. Honolulu,
1917. 211 pp. UHOC

Notes on seasonal events, things, flora, and fauna in

Hawaii, including Japanese customs and practices retained by
the immigrants.

362.

Inoue, Yoshijiro. Umi no sosei ki [Notes on ocean peoples].

Tokyo, 1936. 258 pp. UHOC

An account of travel to Hawaii and South Sea islands, with

notes on Hawaii, pp. 68-102.

363.

Kimura, Yoshigoro and Inoue, Tanefumi. Saishin seikaku Hawaii

toko annai [The newest and most accurate guidebook on travel to
Hawaii]. Tokyo, 1904. 192, 26 pp. UHOC

A guidebook intended for prospective immigrants and travel­

ers to Hawaii, including notes on legal procedures for
travel, descriptions of Honolulu, Hilo, and various planta­
tions, and a history and description of conditions in Hawaii
generally.

286
JAPANESE MATERIALS 364-367

364.

Murasaki, Namitaro. Saishin Hawaii annai [The latest guide to

Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1920. 197 pp. UHOC

A book similar to Item 363, including descriptions of all

eight islands.

365.

Nakagawa, Yoshinori. Beifu ni tsukai shite [After a mission to

Hawaii and America]. Wakayama, Japan, 1954. 853 pp. UHOC

A Shingon sect minister recounts his impressions of Hawaii

and the Mainland. Sections on Hawaii cover pp. 1-253, 661-
676, 691-741.

366.

Nihon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha. Hawaii annai [A guide to

Hawaii]. Tokyo, 1934. 78 pp. UHOC

A general guidebook, with emphasis on Japanese people,

published by the Japan Mail Steamer Company for the benefit
of Japanese immigrants and travelers. Draws greatly upon
Hayashi and Masuda's Hawaii-to_isshu (Item 15), Nippu jiji's
Hawaii nenkan (Item 317), and Ogimi’s Saikin no Hawaii jijo
(Item 368), among others.

367.

Ogihara, Seisensui. Hawaii nikki [Hawaii diary]. Tokyo, 1937.

118 pp. UHOC

The account of a famous Japanese poet, who spent a month in

Hawaii in 1937, giving interesting and candid opinions on
Hawaii and its Japanese.

287
368-371 JAPANESE MATERIALS

368.

Ogimi, Chotoku. Saikin no Hawaii jijo [Current conditions in

Hawaii]. Tokyo, 1932. 100 pp. UHOC

A general guidebook and personal impressions of Hawaii’s

Japanese people, written mainly for prospective Okinawan
emigrants for whom the author was working as emigration and
travel agent.

369.

Rokumei Sanjin. Yoyoshu taiheiraku [Collected songs: a para

dise]. Hilo, 1901. 119 pp. Hilo Times

A collection of poems and songs and brief descriptions of

things and people in Hawaii.

370.

Uehara, Keiji. Hawaii insho ki [Impressions of Hawaii].

Tokyo, 1924. 192 pp. UHOC

A guidebook for Hawaii based on personal impressions, with

notes on Hawaii’s history, industry, agriculture, education,
social organizational activities, and individuals.

MISCELLANEOUS

371.

Ebara, Hachiro. Kaigai hogi shinbun zasshi shi [A history of

Japanese newspapers and magazines abroad]. Tokyo, 1936. 372
pp. UHOC

288
JAPANESE MATERIALS 372-373

A study of the development of Japanese newspapers and peri

odicals in the various countries to which Japanese emi
grated, with a review of the immigrant community in each
country. Chapter 4 is devoted to Hawaii, pp. 79-103. An
appendix (pp. 349-372) gives a bibliography of newspapers
and magazines with dates of their establishment and any
changes in their titles, as well as their representative
editors. The author is a staff member of the Serial
Library, University of Tokyo.

372.

Gosokui Tairei Hoshuku-kai. Gosokui tairei hoshuku kinen shi

[A publication commemorating the grand coronation]. Honolulu,
1916. 71 pp. UHOC

Publication commemorating the Japanese emperor’s coronation

on November 10, 1915, prepared by the committee organized
for the celebration of that occasion in Hawaii. Gives
descriptions of various programs participated in by Japanese
people and also lists of people serving on various sub
committees on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, Kauai, and
Molokai, as well as those who made monetary donations for
the programs.

373.

Goto, Chinpei. Yakyu ippyakunen kinen Hawaii hojin yakyu shi

[A history of baseball played by Japanese in Hawaii, in commem­
oration of the 100th anniversary of the game]. Kaneohe, Oahu,
1940. 772, 29 pp. UHOC; UHH

A history of baseball among Japanese people in Hawaii writ­

ten by a Methodist minister who was active in organizing
teams among Japanese youth. Issued in celebration of the
100th anniversary of baseball in America.

289
374-377 JAPANESE MATERIALS

374.

Kihara, Ryukichi. "Hawaii Nikkeijin shi kenkyu shiryo"

["Source materials for a study of the history of Japanese
people in Hawaii"]. 20 folders. Honolulu. [1930-to date].
Kihara Ryukichi

Folders of personal notes and newspaper and magazine clip­

pings collected over the past forty years by a former news­
paper reporter and author of Hawaii Nihonjin shi (Item 26).

375.

Sakamoto, Kiju and Kimura, Takeshi. Dai 442 Butai [The 442nd
regiment]. Tokyo, 1949. 223 pp. UHOC

An account of the actions and thoughts of members of the

442nd Regiment, as related by Mrs. Sakamoto Kiju and her
son, Laurence, to Kimura Takeshi, a reporter in Japan.

376.

Tsuchiya, Senseki. Hawaii no dobutsu to shokubutsu [Fauna and

flora in Hawaii]. Honolulu, 1917. 185 pp.
United Japanese Society of Hawaii

Descriptions of animal and plant life in Hawaii, written by

a former principal of the Makiki Japanese Language School,
for Japanese people.

377.

Yamashita, Soen. Hoshuku kigen nisenroppyakunen to kaigai doho

[The celebration of the 2, 600th anniversary (of the birth of
Japan) and Japanese people overseas]. Tokyo, 1941. 223 pp. UHH

290
JAPANESE MATERIALS 378

Descriptions of celebration programs for the 2,600th anni­

versary of imperial Japan in Tokyo and in Hawaii, the
Mainland, South America, the South Seas, and Asia, where
there were Japanese communities. The celebration took place
on November 10, 1940. Contains expressions of feelings and
thoughts by a number of Japanese from Hawaii participating
in the Tokyo programs.

378.

Yano, Ryoka. "Sanjunen mae mukashi monogatari" ["Reminiscences

about people and events of thirty years ago"]. Hawaii shinpo
(weekly newspaper in Honolulu, 1932-1941). December 16, 1933-
January 29, 1938. Kawazoe Kenpu

Extensive series of articles concerning leaders in and

notable experiences of the Japanese community at the turn of
the century. Articles recounted the great bubonic plague in
Honolulu, organized crime, activity of the immigration
company, plantation life, interracial conflicts and con­
flicts within the Japanese community, Japanese language
schools, and cultural and artistic endeavors. Regrettably
the Kawazoe collection includes only one-third of the 150
articles in the series. The newspaper, Hawaii shinpo , is
the successor to Item 336 but could not be located.

291
INDEX
 INDEX

Acculturation, 73, 270, 357, 375, Assimilation (continued), social

390, 435, 459; among Kona coffee- forces and institutions in, 63
farming community, 130; and per­ Attitudes, 459; differences in, 157;
sonality, 79, 479, 480, 482, 484; during Sino-Japanese War, 72, 327,
and time perspective, 173; and 328; during World War II, 134,
World War II, 383; based on par­ 433; in games, 722; moral and
entage, 32; history of, 150; lack ethical, 178; racial, 451, 580;
of, 309, 341; of Orientals, 270, social, 119, 182, 183; toward aged
622; of sansei, 261; problems of, parents, 527; toward attack on
543 Pearl Harbor, 681; toward inter­
Achievement, among children, 718 racial marriage, 509, 547; toward
Aged, the, assistance for, 324; Japanese language, 498; toward
attitudes toward, 335, 527; care language schools, 542; toward
of, 15, 156 occupations, 402
Aggression, ethnocultural differ­ Authoritarianism, and need for
ences in, 147; in personality approval, 512; relationship to
patterns, 142 family structure, 748, 758
Agitators, in the Japanese-American Autobiographies, Ariyoshi, Koji,
community, 522 363, 364; Inouye, Daniel K . , 281;
Agriculture, for youth, 535, 539 issei journalist, 657; of mainland
AJA (see Japanese in Hawaii) nisei, 576; Sakuma, Yonekichi
Alcoholism, 707 (diary of), 116; Vice Chancellor
Aliens, 679, 680; register of, 194 of the East-West Center, 164;
Amae, 479, 480, 481 Yonemori, Soichi, 319 (see also
Americanization, 109, 233, 373; in Biographies)
American-Japanese relations, 503;
movement for, 715; of aliens and
citizens, 679, 680; of children, Behavior patterns, deference, 23;
17, 691 dominance, 25; feedback analyses,
Annexation (see Hawaii, annexation 525; nonverbal, 70; of infants, 80
of) Bilingualism, 52, 507
"Asiatic Federation, " 98 Biographies, 368; Abe, Sanji, 265;
Aspirations, 470, 709 Ando, Taro, 719; Aoki, Mizuno,
Assimilation, 221, 375, 379, 381, 370; Ariyoshi, Koji, 113; bio­
407, 410; and juvenile delin­ graphical novel, 177; four origi­
quency, 736; and occupation nal immigrants, 145; Fujita,
trends, 401; arguments against, Reisai, 733; Irwin, Robert Walker,
677; degree of, 429; efforts 651; Ishii, Sentaro, 162, 465;
toward, 515, 536, 743; in rural Kaneshige, Toichi, 645; Kondo,
Hawaii, 408; lack of, 309, 341, Kikujiro Dr., 447; Makino,
472; of barber shop girls, 343; Kanzaburo, 97; Matsumoto,
problems of, 54, 166, 178, 543; Kikutaro, 262; ministers, 185;
Nagano, Toshio, 553; Nakahama,

295
INDEX

Biographies (continued), Manjiro, Caucasians (continued), 470; ethnic

727; Okinawan farmer, 321; identity of, 429; facial expres­
Okumura, Takie Rev., 76, 278; sions of, 701; mental disorders
plantation worker (female), 544; of, 332, 333, 443; need patterns
Rocky Higa family, 66; Sakamaki, of, 141; personality development
Shunzo, 74, 648; Soga, Yasutaro, of mixed parentage, 117; personal­
469; spy during World War II, 611; ity of, 182, 183; race relations
Suzuki, Tokujiro, 102; Toyama, of, 42; reaction time of, 423;
Tetsuo, 466 (see also Autobiogra­ reactions toward Negroes and Jews,
phies) 704; stereotypes, 84
Blacks, attitudes toward, 250, 371, Childbearing, practices and beliefs,
704 69
Body, image of, 29; physiques, 146, Childrearing practices, 718
235 Chinatown, fire claims, 688
Bubonic Plague of 1900, 688 Chinese, 288, 422, 622; achievement
Buddhism, 266, 276, 462, 530, 551, of, 444, 470; attitudes toward,
640; affirmation rites (k ieshiki), 327, 328; attitudes toward inter­
83; Byodo-in Temple, 754; Chowado racial marriage, 306, 547; basal
sect, 733; conflict with Chris­ metabolism of, 492; childrearing
tianity, 267, 712; declining practices, 69; college entrance
influence of, 643; Honpa Hongwanji of, 28; degree of acculturation,
Mission, 10, 540; influences of, 270, 401, 622; immigration of,
749; Jodo sect, 258; joint confer­ 477; integration of, 418; intelli­
ence of churches, 67; minister's gence of, 393; language schools,
role, 186; origin of, 256; prac­ 4; mental health of, 439, 440,
tices, criticism of, 536; reli­ 441, 443; music talents of, 310;
gious movements of, 251; role of, naturalization of, 312; need
364, 646; Shingon sect, 9, 259; patterns of, 141, 142; personal­
Soto sect, 260, 365; temples, 398, ity, 182, 183; petition for exclu­
399, 400, 487, 564, 655, 755; sion of, 682; population
trends in, 253; Zen, 112 (see also statistics, 200; reaction time of,
Religion) 423; reactions toward Negroes and
Business, corporation executives, Jews, 704; second generation, 620,
426, 427, 428; success in, 311 621, 622; stereotypes, 84, 702
Christianity, converts to, 82, 719;
reaction to Buddhism, 266, 712;
Catholicism, converts to, 82; first Sunday School, 325
Catholic immigrant, 546 Citizenship, 312, 414; attempts to
Caucasians, 422; as corporation secure, 200; dual, 190, 263, 420,
officers, 426; attitudes of, 26, 513, 529, 577; laws against, 263,
27; basal metabolism of, 492; 420 (see also Naturalization)
behavior patterns of, 25; body Communication patterns, and family
image of, 29; brain tumors in, 92; structure, 500
classroom discussion of, 268, 269; Consumption patterns, 154, 717 (see
college entrance of, 28; color also Food)
sensitivity of, 581; cooperative Court cases, Ozawa v. U. S.A., 549,
behavior of, 665; disease among, 670, 698 (see also Naturalization)
385; educational achievement of,

296
 INDEX

Crime, sentencing, 78; shoplifting, Education (continued), interaction,

730; statistics on, 8 64 (see also Language schools)
Cultural aspects, 110, 524 Edwards Personal Preference Sched­
Cultural patterns, 153 ule, 22, 23, 24, 28, 121, 141, 268
Cultural values, differences in, 241 Emergency Service Committee, 220,
221, 222, 223
Emigration, 558; causes of, 753;
Dating patterns, 747 overseas policies, 526; to Hawaii,
Death practices, 240; funeral prac­ 106, 305
tices, 342, 528; radio obituary, Ethnic differences, among children,
360 718; in achievement motivation,
Delinquency, juvenile, 706, 736 151, 718; in emotions, 441; in
Dental disorders, 493 fertility regulation, 442; in
Deportation, advocation of, 71 music talent, 310; in personality,
Detention camps (see Relocation 143; in problem solving, 445; in
camps) psychopathology, 132; in schizo­
Diplomatic relations, 711 phrenia, 133
Discrimination, 38; in corporations, Ethnic groups, 423, 425, 436; aca­
428; racial, 622 demic achievement among, 659; and
Disease (see Medicine) aging, 245; and defensive projec­
Divorce, interracial, 85, 499 tion, 639; and ethnic identity,
Dominance, fears of, 2, 3, 7; in 429; and voting patterns, 118;
behavior patterns, 25; in person­ attitudes toward, 580; awareness
ality patterns, 142; of Japanese of racial differences, 628; crimi­
in Hawaii, 2, 3, 7, 36, 37, 200, nal sentencing in, 78; data on,
243 (see also Behavior patterns) 53; differences in abilities, 422;
Drug abuse, 533 differences in cooperative behav­
Dual citizenship, 190, 263, 577; and ior, 665, 666; difference in
statehood, 513; history of, 420; psychopathology among, 331, 332,
menace of, 529, 732 (see also 333; family desertion among, 392;
Citizenship, Japanese in Hawaii, inferiority among, 614; mental
Naturalization) hygiene of, 649; mental illness
among, 714; pain tolerance of, 57;
responses to humor, 618, 619;
Economic conditions, 596; evolution suicide patterns, 322, 330
and history of, 381; Hawaii Ethnic identity, 429, 461, 468, 470;
Economic Study Club, 191; in Kona, influence of mixed parentage, 117;
412; income and consumption hab­ of issei, 348; of sansei, 481
its, 154; status, 221, 379, 407, Ethnic stereotypes (see Stereotypes)
409, 486; success in, 357; trade, Evacuation, 248, 301, 409
377, 378, 405; values, 454 Expatriation, 190, 577; in favor of,
Education, 221, 304, 414; achieve­ 125, 529, 536, 539; 1924 Japanese
ment in, 470; as a factor of Expatriation Law, 263, 577; of
social change, 486; ethnic group children, 297 (see also Japanese
representation in, 28; problems in Hawaii)
of, 178; role of chancellor of
University of Hawaii, 647;
Sakamaki, Shunzo, 648; student
INDEX

Facial expressions, judgment of, Haoles (see Caucasians)

701, 705 Harris Memorial Church, 185
Faith healers, 167 Hawaii, annexation of, 34, 508, 519;
Family life, 154, 309, 453, 455; conditions prior to, 684; Japan’s
consumer habits of, 489; deser­ attitude toward, 511
tion, 392; immigrant, 457; in Hawaii Hochi, editor of, 97
rural Hawaii, 756; influence of Hawaii-Japan relations, 188;
Buddhism on, 646, 749; standard of Hawaiian-Japanese Treaty of 1871,
living of, 459; structure of, 456, 202
500 Hawaii, statehood of, and dual
Femininity, 55 citizenship, 513; conditions prior
Festivals, 110; Bon, 541; in honor to, 91 (see also Hawaii, annexa­
of immigrants, 300 tion of)
Filipinos, 418, 622; and schizophre­ Hawaii Times, editor of, 469
nia, 133; attitudes of, 371; Hawaiian dialect, use of during
attitudes toward Japanese during World War II, 501
World War II, 134; leprosy among, Hawaiian Japanese Civic Association,
87; marriage patterns of, 518; 604
mental disorders among, 132, 331; Hawaiians, 288, 423; basal metabo­
need patterns, 141, 142, 612; lism of, 492; childbearing prac­
occupation trends of, 401, 418; on tices, 69; educational achievement
pineapple plantation, 518; stereo­ of, 470; ethnic identity of, 429;
types of, 702; use of pidgin, 316 incidence of leprosy among, 87;
Food, dietary needs, 490; habits, music talents of, 310; need pat­
458, 489, 491; Japanese, variety terns of, 141, 142, 612; personal­
of, 488; recipes of Japanese, 757 ity patterns of, 121; relations
Foreign relations (U.S .-Japan), with Japanese, 99, 189; schizo­
correspondence, 203; manuscript phrenia among, 331; speech of, 394
collection, 201, 696; treaty file, Hirohito, Emperor, 81
202 (see also Japanese-American Hiroshima prefecture, immigrants
relations) from, 753
442nd Combat Team, 108, 506, 607 History, articles on, 744; Hawaiian
(see also World War II) post-annexation problems, 508; of
Mainland and Hawaii Japanese-
Americans, 555; of pre-World War
Gannen Mono, 21, 149, 361, 463; II American-Japanese relations,
children of, 163; diary of, 116; 138
50th anniversary of, 539; history Honpa Hongwanji Mission, history of,
of, 606, 667 (see also Immigrants, 257, 277 (see also Buddhism,
Immigration) Religion)
Generations, 309; changing atti­ Housing, ghettos and slums, 403
tudes of, 156; differences among,
58, 435, 618, 619; differences in
physique, 146; ethnic identifica­ Immigrants, 206, 209, 210, 361;
tion among, 461 acculturation of, 435; adjustment
Geography, of Hawaii, 304 of, 517; arrival and departure of,
207; children of, 336, 652; con­
tributions of, 463; costs of, 196;

298
 INDEX

Immigrants (continued), educational Issei (continued), among, 251;

tests for, 673; experiences of, tanomoshi among, 450; values of,
336; festival for, 300; integra­ 629
tion of, 242; lists of, 204
mental health of, 714; occupation
trends among, 401; original, 145, Japan, American image of, 663;
280; physical characteristics of, certificates of merit from, 285,
599, 600; rejected, 198, 199; 291; cultural influences on
requirements of, 51; standard of Hawaii, 632; differences between
living among, 454 (see also Gannen nisei and Japan-born Japanese,
Mono) 699; diplomatic relations with,
Immigration, 98, 108, 192, 193, 201, 711; protest against annexation,
217, 473; Board of, 204, 205, 212, 289, 511; restoration of warship,
213; Centennial celebration of, 725; surrender of, 720; warships
285, 291; experience, 434; for­ in Hawaii, 684
eign, 558; history of, 77, 95, 99, Japanese-American relations, 168,
176, 282, 379, 381, 432, 477, 711; 570, 663 (see also Foreign rela­
law, 295;menace of, 16, 355, 474; tions)
of Gannen M o n o , 21, 163; problems Japanese Chamber of Commerce, his­
of, 272, 575; psychological as­ tory of, 745; in Hilo, 292, 293,
pects of, 344; reopening of, 651; 294; in Honolulu, 187, 246, 295,
restrictions on, 200, 690; statis­ 296, 378
tics, 591; to Canada, 100; to Japanese Exclusion Law, 75; petition
Mainland U. S.A., 68, 100 for, 682
Indians, stereotypes, 84 Japanese in Hawaii, 195, 208, 337,
Industrial conditions (see Labor) 560, 634, 638; achievement of,
Intermarriage, 379; and social 444; acculturation of, 622; as a
mobility, 62; distance, 552; menace, 248, 249, 554, 559, 732;
statistics, 591 as lawyers, 740; assimilation of,
Interracial marriage, 6, 406, 729; 410; at University of Hawaii, 545;
and dating, 306; and divorce, 85, bibliography on, 460, 574; charac­
417, 499; and occupational status, ter of, 169; cognitive abilities
588, 593; and social adjustment, of, 437; color sensitivity of,
737; increase of, 279; opposition 581; communities of, 416; concept
to, 509; student attitudes on, of shame, 441; conscience develop­
547; trends, 593 (see also ment of, 475; culture of, 175,
Marriage) 375, 524, 613; death of, 240;
Issei, 653; attitudes toward lan difficulties of, 288, 570; domes­
guage schools, 542; attitudes tic workers, 413; dual citizenship
toward wartime treatment, 298; of, 513; during World War II, 409,
biography of, 609; character of 476, 52.1, 613; early arrivals of,
58; cultural conflicts of, 741; 264, 625; economic conditions of,
during World War II, 608; effects 596; economic problems of, 583;
of World War II on, 345, 346, 348; ethnic identity of, 468; etiquette
personality and acculturation of, of, 329; expatriation of, 125,
79; physique of, 146; post-World 190, 263, 529; haole's images of,
War II, 350; problems of, 252; 155; history of, 91, 107, 288,
race attitudes of, 451; religion 485, 597, 667; in Waimea, 637;

299
INDEX

Japanese in Hawaii (continued) Labor, 192, 405, 588; activities of,

loyalty of, 88, 89, 108, 124, 169, 238, 374, 692; attitudes of, 650;
273, 395, 449, 751; music talents, collective bargaining, 14; condi­
of, 310; naturalization of, 312; tions, 228, 238, 693; contract
need patterns of, 612; on Kauai, labor, 96, 196, 197, 380; conven­
313, 634; opportunities of, 548; tions, 271, 382; demands of, 139,
petition for exclusion of, 682; 140; disturbances, 136, 167, 557,
physique of, 146, 490, 491; plan­ 568; history of, 308, 716, 721,
tation life of, 634; political 750; immigrant, 161, 196, 508,
orientation of, 635; praise for, 669; labor-management relations,
687; progress of, 446; public 14, 35; 1920 Japanese strike, 44,
hearings on, 678; race attitudes 139, 225, 374, 538, 662, 721;
of, 451, 452; race relations of, organization, 139, 374, 396, 397;
622; register of alien residents, plantation experience, 161, 557;
194; social conditions of, 596; problems of, 550, 551, 557, 575,
socio-political problems of, 171; 585; recruitment of, 111, 136;
soldiers, 90, 94; statistics on, shortage of, 672, 685, 686;
414; success of, 311, 627; verbal strikes, 374, 658, 663; union,
behavior of, 438; war records of, 302, 384, 396, 567; working condi­
679 tions, 111, 170 (see also Japanese
Japanese labor strike (1909), his­ labor strike (1909), Japanese
tory of, 721; reports on, 695 labor strike (1920))
Japanese labor strike (1920), 44, Laborers, imported, 229, 230;
61, 139, 374, 662, 674, 685; against, 675; characteristics of,
history of, 721 (see also Labor) 684; need for, 672, 673, 683, 697;
Japanese language, 532; attitudes shortage of, 676
toward, 498 Language, 314, 383, 424, 532; abil­
Japanese language radio programs, ity, 496; as a handicap, 367;
244 colloquial dialects in Hawaii,
Japanese language schools (see 566; English usage, 502, 616, 617;
Language schools) exposure to variety of, 479;
Jews, reactions toward, 704 habits of Japanese, 566; Japanese,
Juvenile delinquency (see Delin­ nature of, 661; Japanese, teaching
quency) of, 700; pidgin, 93, 316, 470, 478
(see also Japanese language,
Language schools)
Kahuku Plantation, 102 Language schools, 176, 200, 237,
Kibei, social adjustment of, 514 299, 315, 411, 551, 595, 640, 689,
Kin groups, reorganization of, 129 691; after World War II, 564; and
Koreans, 622; basal metabolism of, Americanization, 174, 536; atti­
492; during World War II, 134; tudes toward, 542; declining
language schools of, 4; occupa­ interest in, 497; during World War
tions among, 401; stereotyping of, II, 520; functions of, 4, 595;
702 history of, 95, 605; influence of,
Kuakini Hospital, 236, 247, 448, 746 17, 184, 233, 390; language abil­
Kumamoto prefecture, immigrants ity in, 496; need for improvement
from, 753 in, 320; problems of, 538, 641,
663; reopening of, 350; role of,

300
 INDEX

Language schools (continued), 467, Mental health (continued), schizo­

531, 642 phrenia, 19, 56, 133, 180, 227,
Leadership, of students, 40 239, 275, 331, 333, 586, 598
Military, prewar facilities of, 39;
soldiers of Japanese ancestry, 90
Mainland Japanese, 613, 622; impres­ Missionary activities, 39; expansion
sions of, 284; personality traits of, 712
of, 621; sociological analysis of, Morale, 220, 221
555 Morbidity, 45 (see also Medicine)
Manoa Valley, 104 Mortality, 47; analysis of, 731;
Marriage, age differences in, 589; rates of, 504, 590 (see also
and divorce, 85, 587; arranged, Medicine)
372; attitudes toward, 26, 27;
changing customs, 172, 734, 743;
customs, 528, 749; preferences, Naichi, mate selection, 738; mental
518; role preference, 323; types health of, 274, 275; relations
of, 11 (see also Interracial with Okinawans, 637, 656
marriage, War brides) Naturalization, 312; court case
Maternal care, and infant behavior, (Ozawa v. U. S.A. ) , 549, 670, 698;
80 eligibility for, 549 (see also
Matsunaga, Spark M . , and bill to Citizenship)
repeal detention act, 464; speech Need patterns, 22, 24, 141, 142
to Buddhist groups, 67, 462 Negroes (see Blacks)
Medicine, atherosclerosis, 385; Newspapers, Japanese language, 97,
behavior of patients, 153; birth 469
defects, 504; brain tumors, 92; Nisei, 58, 79, 146, 298, 620, 643;
cancer, 236, 290, 317, 471, 562, and care of aged, 156; attitudes
563, 569; cardiovascular-renal, of, 402, 451; attitudes toward
47; chronic conditions, 45, 46; language schools, 542; conflicts
heart disease, 48, 236, 318, 731; of, 369, 622; cultural conflicts,
hypertension, 633; Kuakini 741; differences between Hawaii-
Hospital, 236, 247, 448; leprosy, and Japan-born, 699; during World
87; myocardial infarction, 165, War II, 94, 495, 608; language
631; pulmonary disease, 584; ability of, 496; loyalty of, 395;
smallpox, 434; steroids, 31; marriage practices, 743; need for
syphilis, 339; tuberculosis, 158 approval, 512; personality traits
Melting pot, myth of, 362 of, 621
Mental health, 274, 333; after World
War II, 346; among racial groups,
714; and cultural problems, 649; Occupation trends, among immigrants,
depression, 439, 440, 443; emo­ 401; attitudes toward, 402
tions, 441; Hawaii State Hospital Okinawans, 254, 352; changing wed­
Psychology Reports, 227; illness, ding customs of, 172; farmer’s
643; inferiority, 614; neuroti- life, 321; locality clubs, 354;
cism, 615; patient characteris­ mental health of, 274, 275, 713;
tics, 160; psychoses, 41, 143, relations with naich i , 637, 656,
586, 713; racial and cultural 738; speech patterns of, 356 (see
influences on, 132, 358, 359; also Sub-nationality groups)

301
INDEX

Okumura, Takie Rev., 76, 278; and Prejudice, anti-Asian, 232; racial,
New Americans Conferences, 515, 16, 30, 36, 71, 105
583; and student dormitory, 534 Press, 531; censorship of, 571;
(see also Biographies) history of, 578, 623, 624
100th Battalion (see 442nd Combat Princess Kaiulani, 108
Team, World War II) Psychopathology, 435; racial and
Organizations, 303; during World War cultural influences on, 132, 331,
II, 610; of Okinawans, 354 332, 333, 358 (see also Mental
Ozawa v. U. S.A., 549, 670, 698 health)
Psychoses, 41, 586 (see also Mental
health)
Pearl Harbor, attack on, 108, 283; Puerto Ricans, 288
effect of, 348; investigation of,
671, 681; reasons for, 232 (see
also World War II) Race relations, 430, 581, 622; after
Personality, among ethnic groups, World War II, 564; between Cauca­
121, 144, 419; and acculturation, sians and Japanese-Americans, 42,
79, 120, 479, 480, 482, 484; 582; between Hawaii’s Japanese and
characteristics, 478; influence of naval base, 54; between servicemen
mixed parentage on, 117; patterns, and civilians, 103; during World
142, 435 War II, 571; interethnic, 723;
Picture brides, 551 problems of, 127
Pidgin, dependence on, 470; use of, Racial characteristics, 561
93, 316, 478, 507 (see also Racial differences, awareness of,
Language) 628
Pineapple plantation, as cultural Racial prejudice (see Prejudice)
institution, 518; labor condi­ Religion, 252, 325, 383, 388, 531;
tions, 693, 694, 695; on Molokai, Buddhism, 251, 253, 256, 257, 258,
556; purchase of, 200 259, 260, 266, 276, 365, 462, 487,
Plantation experience, 494; biogra­ 640, 646, 712; Christian, 712;
phy of female worker, 544; feudal- conflicts between, 266, 267;
istic system, 35; "hoe hana Dancing Religion, 386, 387, 391;
women, " 101; in sugar industry, in Hawaii, survey of, 505; influ­
13, 170; of immigrant issei, 609; ence of, 255; Jodo mission, 326;
statistics on employees, 134 leader in, 537; Nichiren Shoshu,
Political status, 33, 178, 179, 379 226; observances, 528; Shinto,
Politics, 3, 18, 221, 414, 464; 251, 286, 640; Tensho-Kotai-Jingu-
ethnic representation in, 338; Kyo, 287, 389
interest of Japanese in, 684; Relocation camps, 522; during World
Japanese in, 635; participation War II, 86; personal experience
in, 572, 739; problems in, 583; in, 495; reoccurrence of, 122
success in, 311
Population, 304, 405; census of,
218, 594, 601, 668, 679, 680; Sabotage, 409; absence of, 610;
civilian, 216; Japanese, 559; of possibility of, 54; precautions
Hawaii, 414; racial data on, 592, against, 676
594; trends in, 3, 200, 407 Samoans, basal metabolism of, 492

302
 INDEX

Sansei, 48, 146, 364; acculturation Sub-nationality groups, eta , 254;

of, 261, 479, 480, 482, 484; Okinawans, 254 (see also
identity of, 468, 481; language Okinawans)
ability of, 496; need for ap­ Suffrage, exclusion from, 684
proval, 512 Sugar industry, 200, 230; contract
Schizophrenia, 586; among Filipinos, labor, 96, 231; historical account
133; ethnic aspects of, 239, 275, of, 13, 716; immigration in, 558;
331, 333, 340; in families, 19, irrigation engineers in, 636;
180; of Japanese, 598; paranoid, labor conditions, 228, 693, 694;
227, 239; role playing, 56 (see labor problems, 550, 575; strikes,
also Mental health) 44, 564
Sexuality, fertility of minority Suicide, 322, 330, 431
groups, 159, 418; fertility regu­
lation, 442, 579; sex temperament,
483 Territoriality, cross-cultural
Sino-Japanese War, effects of, 72, variations in, 131
327, 328 Thematic Apperception Test, 147
Social distance, 580, 581, 603 Trade, Japanese exports to Hawaii,
Social institutions, 531, 543 (see 519
also Buddhism, Language schools) Tradition, 110; censure of, 687;
Social mobility, of pineapple plan­ changes in, 156, 334; customs of
tation workers, 518 Japanese, 626; New Year’s customs,
Social Security, benefits, 148 181; tanomoshi, 450
Social Work, 15, 20, 158; case
study, 175; cultural patterns, 53
Speech, classroom discussion, 268, United Japanese Society, 115, 644;
269; patterns, 234, 356; stutter­ history of, 660; president of, 724
ing, 394
Sports, 110
Statehood (see Hawaii, statehood of) Voting patterns, 421, 689; bloc
Statistics, demographic, 591; on voting, 404, 415; characteristics
crime, 8; on drug abuse, 533; on of, 664; decision making, 118;
immigration, 212, 213, 477; on history of, 516, 573
Japanese, 689; on laborers, 376;
on migration, 5; on plantation
employees, 134, 137, 219; on War brides, 114, 349, 351, 353, 728,
population, 1, 2, 3, 200, 211, 742
218, 219, 404, 477, 668; on trade, Warren, Earl (Chief Justice), 86
214, 219; vital, 1, 211, 215, 414, Women, deference of, 23
710; voting strength, 1, 3 World War I, Japanese problems
Status, concern for, 438; economic, during and after, 663
33, 379, 407, 409, 486; political, World War II, 59; adjustment to, 60;
33, 179; social, 33, 178, 179, 486 AJA volunteers, 94, 654; AJAs
Stereotypes, 49; among national- during, 152, 379, 433, 565, 608;
racial groups, 702, 703; develop­ attack on Pearl Harbor, 108, 671,
ment of, 84; evaluation of, 523 681; attitudes toward Japanese
during, 12, 37, 65, 134, 224, 250,
298, 366, 571, 613; civilian

303
INDEX

World War II (continued), groups

during, 160; designation of
Japanese during, 128; effect of,
279, 334, 345, 346, 347, 348, 383,
487, 637; 442nd Combat Team, 108,
501, 506, 607; hiring of nationals
during, 676; martial law during,
571; origins of, 232; peace ef­
forts of AJAs, 520; psychological
problems during, 720; relocation
camps, 86; services, 301; Varsity
Victory Volunteers, 510, 752

Yamaguchi prefecture, immigrants

from, 753

Zen, rituals and philosophy, 112

304