GRADED A+

DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY AND

PACS, 3RD EDITION BY CARTER
CHAPTER 1-9 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS AND EXPLAINATIONS
LATEST 2023-2024 [TEST BANK]
Chapter 01: Introduction to Digital Radiography and Picture Archiving and
Communication Systems
Carter: Digital Radiography and PACS, 3rd Edition d. picture archival and
communication systems.

MULTIPLE CHOICE e.
2.
1. Film and intensifying screens are primarily used in
a. computed radiography (CR).
b. digital radiography (DR).
c. conventional radiography.
ANS: C OBJ: Explain latent image formation foar bcirobn.cvoemn/tteisotnal radiography.

3. Intensifying screens
a. absorb light.
b. emit light.
c. absorb scatter.
d. emit positive electronsANS: B OBJ: Explain latent image formation for conventional
radiography.

4. Which modality was the first to use the principle of digital imaging?
a. Computed tomography (CT)
b. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
c. Ultrasonography
d. Cardiac catheterization
ANS: A OBJ: Define the term dig
5. Who was the first to incorporate digital imaging with the CT scanner?
a. Paul Lauterbur
b. Godfrey Hounsfield
c. Sol Nudelman
d. M. Paul Capp
ANS: B OBJ: Define the term digital imaging.

6. Teleradiology, moving images via telephone lines to and farboirmb.croemm/teostte locations,

was first conceptualized by
a. Paul Lauterbur.
b. M. Paul Capp.
c. Albert Jutras.
d. Sol Nudelman.
abirb.com/test
 ANS: C OBJ: Define digital imaging and communications in medicine.
7. The invention of CT is heralded as
a. the advanced use of three-dimensional computation in medical imaging.
b. one of the greatest milestones in medical imaging.
c. the stepping stone for the development of MRI.
d. the first modality to use PACS.
ANS: B OBJ: Define the term digital imaging.

abirb.com/test
 8. Early reconstruction of raw CT data took a few _ to form a recognizable image.
a. minutes
b. hours
c. days
ANS: C OBJ: Define the term digital imaging.

9. The first commercial CT scanners could image the

a. abdomen only.
b. head only.
c. head and abdomen.
d. total body.
ANS: B OBJ: Define the term digital imaging.

10.In which decade was MRI first introduced?

a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s

ANS: D OBJ: Define the term digital imaging.

11. Which two modalities could easily be converted to digital imaging properties?
a. CT and ultrasonography
b. CT and MRI
c. Ultrasonography and nuclear medicine
d. Nuclear medicine and CT
ANS: C OBJ: Define the term digital imaging

12. Early picture archival and communication systems were first developed
a. in Canada.
b. by the U.S. military.
c. by Albert Jutras.
d. by NASA.

ANS: B OBJ: Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.

13. Teleradiography incorporated to produce radiographic images.

a. satellite feeds
b. cable lines
c. T1 cables
d. telephone line

abirb.com/test
ANS: D OBJ: Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.

14. One of the early goals related to the development of PACSabwirba.csomto/test

a. reduce costs related to overstaffing.

b. allow radiologists to read stat films from a hospital while at home.

c. provide a means to move battlefield images to an established hospital.
d. eliminate the need for chemical processing.
ANS: C OBJ: Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.

15. CR acquires an image through

a. conventional film/screen processing using a digital scanner.
b. the heating of a thermoluminescent device.
c. an electrically charged cassette.
d. the use of a storage phosphor plate.
ANS: D OBJ: Describe the latent image formation process for PSP image capture.

16. Storage phosphor plates are similar to

a. intensifying screens.
b. xeromammography cassettes.
c. flat panel detectors.
d. cardboard cassettes.
ANS: A OBJ: Describe the latent image formation process for PSP image capture.
17. In a DR system, which of the following are needed to produce a radiographic image?
a. X-ray absorber and a CCD
b. Intensifying screen and a TFT
c. Storage phosphor plate and a CCD
d. Storage phosphor plate and a TFT

ANS: A OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.
18. The two elements needed to convert light signals into an electrical signal while using indirect
capture DR are TFT and
a. photodiodes.
b. photoconductors.
c. phototransistors.
d. photostators.
ANS: A OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

19. The x-ray absorber typically used in direct capture DR is a

a. photodiode.
b. phototransistor.
c. photoconductor.
d. photoelectron.
ANS: C OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

20. Technologist efficiency ratings are generally the same wheabnirbc.ocommp/teasrting

conventional radiography with radiography.
a. computed
b. digital
ANS: A OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.
21. Compared with a 90-second processing time found in conventional radiography, image
acquisition with DR has now been reduced to
a. instantaneous acquisition.
b. 1–2 seconds.
c. 3–5 seconds.
d. 6–8 seconds.
ANS: C OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

22. The active element in a storage phosphor is

a. lithium.
b. glutaraldehyde.
c. europium.
d. barium fluorohalide.
ANS: D OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.
23. In reference to PSP image capture, to release the latent image, which of the following devices
is scanned over the phosphor plate?
a. Photomultiplier tube
b. Fluorescent light
c. Focused laser light
d. Lithium crystal
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the latent image formatioanbirpb.rcoocme/stesstfor PSP image
capture.

24. Which of the following best describes the sequence for PSP image capture?
a. Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner,
photomultaipbilribe.cro,md/tiegsittal-analog converter, review station
b. Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photodensitometer, digital-analog
converter, review station
c. Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photodensaitboirmb.ceotme/rte, sat
nalog-digital converter, review station
d. Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomultiplier, analog-digital
converter, review station

ANS: D OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

25. X-ray energy related to direct capture DR will stimulate a abirb.com/t,ewst hich eventually
is changed into an electrical signal.
a. photodensitometer
b. scintillator
c. TFT array
d. charge-coupled device
ANS: B OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

26. The converts x-ray energy directly to a digital electrical signal.

a. photoconductor
b. photomultiplier
c. scintillator.
d. TLD
ANS: A OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.
 27. Exposure latitude is to conventional radiography as is to DR.
a. characteristic response
b. linear manner
c. subject contrast
d. dynamic range

ANS: D OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent imabaigrbe.cfoomr/mtesattion processes.

28. A look-up table maps

a. latent images.
b. subject contrasts.
c. image grayscale values.
d. optical density.
ANS: C OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent imabaigrbe.cfoomr/mtesattion processes.

29. With conventional radiography, optical density is primarily controlled by

a. kilovoltage.
b. milliamperage.
c. line voltage.
d. milliampere-seconds.

ANS: D OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

30. Preset image annotation controls include all of the following except
a. arrows.
b. position indicators.
c. date and time stamps.
d. image acquisition markers.

ANS: C OBJ: Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.

31. The first full-scale PACS was installed in 1993 in

a. Boston.
b. Philadelphia.
c. New York.
d. Baltimore.

ANS: D OBJ: Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.

32. All of the following are components of a PACS except independent kilovoltage peak and
milliampere-second stations.
a. web access.
b. multiple interfaces.
c. reading stations
. ANS: A OBJ: Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.
TRUE/FALSE

1. Light exposing the film is in direct proportion to the amount and energy of the incident photon
upon the screen.

ANS: T OBJ: Explain latent image formation for conventional radiography.

 2. The earliest CT of the head took several hours to acquire aabsiirbn.gcolme /stelsitce of
information.

ANS: T OBJ: Define the term digital imaging.

one that incorporates
3. When switching from a conventional diagnostic
radiograpahbyirbr.ocoomm/testot CR, major equipment changes are to
be expected.

ANS: F OBJ: Describe the latent image formatioanbirpb.rcoocme/stesstfor PSP image

capture.

4. Similar to CR, DR can use the existing diagnostic equipment found in today’s imaging
departments. ANS: F OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

5. Indirect capture DR converts absorbed x-ray energy into visible light.

ANS: T OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

6. A Bucky apparatus is required for DR.

ANS: F OBJ: Compare and contrast the latent image formation processes.

7. Many PACS reading stations also have image-processing acbaiprba.cboimli/tteisets.

ANS: T OBJ: Explain what a PACS is and how it is used.

8. DICOM is a standard that allows imaging modalities and PabAirbC.cSomto/tesctommunicate in

the same language.

ANS: T OBJ: Explain what a PACS is and how aitbiirsb.ucosmed/te. st

Chapter 02: Digital Imaging Characteristics

Carter: Digital Radiography and PACS, 3rd Edition
abirb.com/test

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Multiple numeric values divided into an array of small eleambierbn.ctosmc/taepstable of being

processed is the definition of images.
a. analog
b. digital abirb.com/test
c. medical
d. radiographic
ANS: B OBJ: Differentiate between analog and adbiigrbit.caolmim/teasgt es.

2. The continuous and varying levels of brightness and colors describe images.
a. analog
b. digital d. radiographic
c. medical
 abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Differentiate between analog and adbiigrbit.caolmim/teasgt es.

3. Critical characteristics of a digital image include all of the following except

a. contrast resolution. abirb.com/test
b. noise efficiency.
c. sample resolution.
d. dose efficiency of the receptor.
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: Differentiate between analog and digital images.

4. Which of the following statements is not true?

a. Matrix size can change without affecting the FOV. abirb.com/test

b. FOV can change without affecting the matrix.

c. Changing the matrix or the FOV will change the size of the pixel.
d. Changing the matrix and the FOV will not change the asbiizrbe.coomf /ttheset pixel.
ANS: D OBJ: Relate pixel size, matrix size, and FOV to each other.

5. Each square in a matrix is called a abirb.com/test

a. matrix element.
b. picture element.
c. bit. abirb.com/test
d. byte.

ANS: B OBJ: Define pixel and image matrix and characteristics of each.

6. The number of bits per pixel is known as bit abirb.com/test

a. pitch.
b. depth.
c. height.
abirb.com/test
d. width.

abirb.com/test
 ANS: B OBJ: Define pixel and image matrix and characteristics of each.

7. If a pixel has a bit depth of 29, the number of gray tones thaabitrbp.cioxme/ltecsat n produce is
a. 256.
b. 512.
c. 1024. abirb.com/test
d. 2500.

ANS: B OBJ: Define pixel and image matrix and characteristics of each.
abirb.com/test
8. The size of the pixel is determined by the
a. bit.
b. bit depth. abirb.com/test
c. matrix.
d. byte.

ANS: C OBJ: Define pixel and image matrix and characteristics of each.
abirb.com/test

9. Which of the following statements is not true?

a. Exposure index refers to the amount of exposure to the patient.
b. Exposure index refers to the amount of exposure to theabiimrb.acgome/treesct eptor.
c. Exposure is not uniformly represented across manufacturers.
d. Exposure index standardization is beneficial to the technologist.
ANS: A OBJ: Discriminate between standard unaibtsirbo.cfomme/teassture for exposure
indicators.

10. The measurement for radiation that was incident on the image receptor for a particular
exposure is known as
a. Gy. abirb.com/test

b. KSTD.
c. KIND.
d. KTGT. abirb.com/test

ANS: C OBJ: Discriminate between standard units of measure for exposure indicators.

11. Deviation index is the difference between and abirebx.cpomre/tsesset d in logarithmic

fashion.
a. actual exposure (KIND); target exposure (KTGT)
b. standard exposure (KSTD); actual exposure (KIND)
c. standard exposure (KSTD); target exposure (KTGT)
abirb.com/test
ANS: A OBJ: Discriminate between standard units of measure for exposure indicators.

12. Factors that can adversely affect the pixel values expressed in the deviation index include all
of the following except abirb.com/test

a. gonadal shielding within the image.

b. a prosthesis within the image.
c. failure of the system to recognize the exposure indicatoabri.rb.com/test
d. failure of the system to recognize the collimated border.
ANS: C OBJ: Discriminate between standard units of measure for exposure indicators.
abirb.com/test
13. How dark or light a digital image appears on a display monitor is known as
 abirb.com/test

a. density.
b. contrast resolution.
abirb.com/test
c. brightness.
d. spatial resolution.
ANS: C OBJ: Define image brightness.
abirb.com/test

14. The ability of a digital system to display subtle changes in shades of gray is called
a. image quality.
b. contrast resolution.
c. spatial resolution. abirb.com/test

d. dynamic range.
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the differences between spatial and contrast resolution.
abirb.com/test

15. The ability of an imaging system to demonstrate small details of an object is known as
a. image quality.
b. contrast resolution. abirb.com/test
c. spatial resolution.
d. dynamic range.
ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the differences between spabaitriba.cloamn/tdesct ontrast resolution.

16. A system’s ability to respond to varying levels of exposure, resulting in more detail, is
referred to as
abirb.com/test
a. spatial resolution.
b. dynamic range.
c. contrast resolution.
d. dynamic resolution. abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the differences between spatial and contrast resolution.

17. “The sum of the components in a recording system cannotabbierb.gcormea/tteesrt than the
system as a whole” is a definition of
a. modulation transfer function (MTF).
b. enhanced visualization image processing.
c. digital image contrast and density latitude. abirb.com/test

d. principles of contrast enhancement.

ANS: A
OBJ: Discuss the implications of image noise, MTF, and detecatbiivrbe.cqomua/tnestut m efficiency.

18. A perfect image processing system would have an MTF of

a. 1%. abirb.com/test
b. 10%.
c. 100%.
d. 1000%.
abirb.com/test
ANS: C
OBJ: Discuss the implications of image noise, MTF, and detective quantum efficiency.

19. The more light spread, the the MTF. abirb.com/test

a. higher

abirb.com/test
 b. lower
c. more equal
abirb.com/test
d. None of these
ANS: B

OBJ: Discuss the implications of image noise, MTF, and detective quantum efficiency.
abirb.com/test
20. The range of exposure values the image detector is able to produce is known as
a. dynamic range.
b. modulation transfer.
c. latitude. abirb.com/test

d. detective quantum efficiency.

ANS: C OBJ: Define exposure latitude.
abirb.com/test

21. The efficiency of a system to convert x-ray input signal into a useful output image is known as
a. dynamic range.
b. spatial resolution. abirb.com/test
c. latitude.
d. detective quantum efficiency.
ANS: D OBJ: Define exposure latitude. abirb.com/test

TRUE/FALSE
abirb.com/test
1. Air kerma is the measurement of radiation energy absorbed in a unit of air.

ANS: T OBJ: Discriminate between standard units of measure for exposure indicators.
abirb.com/test
2. The reflection of ambient light can be problematic with monochromatic monitors.

ANS: T OBJ: Define image brightness. abirb.com/test

3. MTF is a way to quantify the contribution of each system component and the component’s
overall efficiency.
abirb.com/test
ANS: F
OBJ: Discuss the implications of image noise, MTF, and detective quantum efficiency.

4. It is possible to achieve an MTF of 100%. abirb.com/test

ANS: F
OBJ: Discuss the implications of image noise, MTF, and detective quantum efficiency.

Chapter 03: Digital Radiographic Image Processing and Manipulation Carter: Digital
Radiography and PACS, 3rd Edition
abirb.com/test

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Failure of the reader to find the collimation edges of an imaabgirbe.com/test

 a. will result in image cutoff.
b. may cause the image to be too bright or too dark.
c. will eliminate all scatter. abirb.com/test
d. will have no effect on the resultant image.
ANS: B OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
abirb.com/test
2. If the entire range of exposure were digitized, pixel values representing would be
digitized.
a. scatter
b. only diagnostic values abirb.com/test

c. only the extreme values

d. all values
ANS: D OBJ: Describe the formation of an imagaebihrbi.sctoomg/rteasmt .

3. Data collected within the collimator are represented by a

a. histogram. abirb.com/test
b. characteristic curve.
c. pixel graph.
d. matrix graph.
abirb.com/test
ANS: A OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.

4. A histogram displays the useful signal by locating

a. all pixel values. abirb.com/test

b. maximum and minimum signal.

c. maximum signal only.
d. minimum signal only. abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.

5. The higher the kilovoltage peak, the abirb.com/test

a. wider the histogram.

b. narrower the histogram.
c. higher the frequency. abirb.com/test
d. lower the frequency.

ANS: B OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.

6. The Nyquist theorem states that the abirb.com/test

a. sampling frequency must be equal to the input signal bandwidth.
b. input signal bandwidth must be twice the sampling frequency.
c. sampling frequency must be twice the input signal banadbwirbi.dcotmh./test
d. input signal bandwidth must be sampled twice.

abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem. ANS: B OBJ: State
the Nyquist theorem.
7. If too few pixels are sampled, the result will be
a. high resolution.
b. low resolution.
c. high contrast.
d. low contrast.
 abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test
8. Raw data used to form the image histogram are compared with
a. a normal histogram referenced by the computer.
b. all histograms stored for that anatomic part.
c. the last histogram of that anatomic part. abirb.com/test

d. None of these
ANS: A OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
abirb.com/test

9. Loss of detail in a digitally processed image

a. occurs because of the number of conversions.
b. is extremely minimal compared with film/screen. abirb.com/test

c. is equal to film/screen.
d. has almost no impact on the image.
ANS: A OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem. abirb.com/test

10. The longer an image is stored in the computed radiography (CR) cassette, the
a. more detailed the processed image.
b. more energy is lost by the electrons. abirb.com/test

c. easier the image is to process.

d. slower the processing time.
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.

11. A wraparound image or image aliasing occurs when

a. sampling occurs twice per cycle. abirb.com/test
b. spatial frequency is less than the Nyquist frequency.
c. sampling occurs less than twice per cycle.
d. spatial frequency is equal to the Nyquist frequency.
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.

12. In an effort to display the pixels for the area of interest when exposure is greater or less than
what is needed to produce an image, occurs. abirb.com/test

a. overexposure
b. underexposure
c. automatic collimation abirb.com/test
d. automatic rescaling
ANS: D OBJ: Discuss automatic rescaling.
abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test
13. Automatic rescaling means that images are produced, regardless of the amount of
exposure, with
a. uniform size and shape. abirb.com/test
b. uniform contrast and density.
c. variable size and shape.
d. variable contrast and density.
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss automatic rescaling.

14. A look-up table is not used as a reference to

a. set appropriate kilovoltage peak and milliampere-seconabdirsb.vcoamlu/teesst.
b. evaluate raw luminance values.
c. correct luminance values.
d. provide appropriate brightness and contrast. abirb.com/test

ANS: A OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.

15. Changing the slope of the look-up table graph will increasaeboirbr.cdoemc/treesat se
a. density.
b. the number of pixels.
c. the matrix size.
abirb.com/test
d. contrast.
ANS: D OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.

16. If all of the shades were left in an image after processing, athbierbc.coomnt/treasst t would be
a. too low.
b. too high.
c. sufficient. abirb.com/test
d. unaffected.
ANS: A OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.
abirb.com/test
17. Changing the steepness of the exposure gradient
a. varies density.
b. determines spatial frequency. abirb.com/test
c. controls image contrast.
d. has no effect on the image.

ANS: C OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.

abirb.com/test

18. Focal spot and OID affect image sharpness imaging.

a. only in film/screen
b. only in digital abirb.com/test
c. in both film/screen and digital
d. in neither film/screen nor digital
ANS: C OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhaanbcirebm.coemn/ttepsat rameters.

19. The improper algorithm application may result in

a. enhanced contrast.
b. improved resolution. abirb.com/test

c. repeat examinations.

abirb.com/test
 d. degradation of the image.
ANS: D OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.
abirb.com/test

20. The more manipulation of the image, the greater the

a. amount of resolution.
b. loss of information. abirb.com/test

c. quality of the image.

d. radiologist manipulation.

ANS: B OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhaanbcirebm.coemn/ttepsat rameters.

21. Amplification of the frequencies of the areas of interest is known as

a. algorithm application.
b. center enhancement. abirb.com/test

c. edge enhancement.
d. masking.
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the effects of improper aalbgiorbr.ictohmm/teaspt plication.

22. Suppressing frequencies in the areas of interest is known as

a. algorithm application. abirb.com/test
b. center enhancement.
c. edge enhancement.
d. masking.
abirb.com/test
ANS: D OBJ: Describe the effects of improper algorithm application.

23. Low-pass filtering is also known as

a. evening. abirb.com/test

b. smoothing.
c. masking.
d. marking. abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.

24. High-pass filtering is useful for enhancing abirb.com/test

a. small structures.
b. fine bone tissues.
c. large bony structures. abirb.com/test
d. organs and soft tissue.

ANS: D OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.

25. Averaging the frequency of each pixel with surrounding paixbierbl.cvoaml/uteesst

to remove high-frequency noise is called
a. high-pass filtering.
b. low-pass filtering. abirb.com/test
c. edge enhancement.
d. noise enhancement.
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function aobfiribm.caomge/temstanipulation
factors.
 abirb.com/test

26. Image level parameters control image

a. brightness.
abirb.com/test
b. darkness.
c. contrast.
d. density.

ANS: A OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function aobfiribm.caomge/temstanipulation

factors.

27. Window width controls the ratio of black and white, also known as
a. window.
b. level. abirb.com/test

c. contrast.
d. matrix.
a b ir b .c om /te st
ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function o f i m a ge m anipulation
factors.

28. Excessive light entering the eye when viewing an image is known as _ glare.
a. veil abirb.com/test
b. window
c. level
d. None of these
abirb.com/test
ANS: A OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.

29. An image manipulation process that fills in the background so that it is darkened is known as
a. window. abirb.com/test

b. level.
c. shuttering.
d. collimation. abirb.com/test

ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.

30. The image reader scans and reads the image from the abirb.com/test

a. back edge of the imaging plate to the opposite end.

b. leading edge of the imaging plate to the opposite end.
c. right to left side. abirb.com/test
d. left to right side.

ANS: B OBJ: Describe the formation of the CR image reader.

31. The process of joining two or more images into one continaubiorbu.csomim/teasgt e is known as
image
a. connection.
b. annotation.
c. stitching. abirb.com/test
d. lacing.
ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
abirb.com/test
32. The workstation function that allows selection of preset terms or manual text input is termed
image
a. connection.
b. annotation. c. stitching.
abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test
 d. lacing.
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
abirb.com/test

33. Input of annotation for identification of the patient’s left or right side
a. should take the place of the technologist’s anatomy markers.
b. should be used in conjunction with the technologist’s mabairrbk.ceorms/.test
c. eliminates the need for any other type of anatomy markers.
d. None of the above
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function aobfiribm.caomge/temstanipulation
factors.

34. Magnification of the entire image at the workstation is termed

a. image intensification.
b. macroradiography. abirb.com/test

c. enlargement.
d. zoom.
ANS: D OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function aobfiribm.caomge/temstanipulation factors.

35. Proper patient demographic input ensures

a. multiple records on each patient. abirb.com/test
b. linking of all the patient’s files.
c. multiple versions of the patient’s name.
d. an increase in the amount of data tracking.
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.

36. The ability to send images to local network stations can be accomplished using the
a. archive query. abirb.com/test

b. patient demographic input.

c. QC query.
d. manual send function. abirb.com/test

ANS: D OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.

37. Proper patient demographic input is the responsibility of thabeirb.com/test

a. technologist.
b. QC manager.
c. radiologist.
abirb.com/test
d. transporter.
ANS: A OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.

38. An archive query retrieves images from the PACS based oanbirabn.cyomo/tfestthe following
except
a. patient name.
b. examination date.
c. anatomical area. abirb.com/test
d. technologist anatomical number.
ANS: D OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.
abirb.com/test

TRUE/FALSE

abirb.com/test
 1. The shape of the histogram is anatomy specific.
abirb.com/test
ANS: T OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.

2. Image aliasing is similar to the moiré effect caused by grid error.

abirb.com/test
ANS: F OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.

3. Automatic rescaling can be substituted for appropriate technical factors.

abirb.com/test

ANS: F OBJ: Discuss automatic rescaling.

4. Basic workstation functions include contrast

manipulationa,beirdb.gcoeme/tneshtancement, and smoothing.

ANS: T OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.

abirb.com/test
5. Shuttering removes the dark exposed border, reducing the amount of information to be stored.

ANS: F OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
abirb.com/test

6. Historical study of patient examinations can be accomplished through the manual send
function.
abirb.com/test
ANS: F OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.

7. No matter where the orientation stickers or labels exist on a digital cassette, the image will
display correctly. abirb.com/test

ANS: F OBJ: Describe the major factors in

abirb.com/test
image management.

abirb.com/test

Chapter 04: Photostimulable Phosphor Image abirb.com/test

Capture Carter: Digital Radiography and PACS, 3rd
Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The PSP cassette is backed by aluminum that

a. reflects x-rays.
b. absorbs backscatter x-rays.
c. captures the image.
d. transmits x-rays.

ANS: B OBJ: Describe the basic construction of a PSP cassette and imaging plate.
abirb.com/test
2. Which one of the following serves to protect against static build-up, dust collection,
and mechanical damage to the imaging plate?
a. Aluminum backing
b. Lightweight plastic c. Felt material
 abirb.com/test
d. Cassette front
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the basic construction ofaabirPbS.cPomc/taessst ette and imaging
plate.

3. The layer of the imaging plate that traps electrons during exposure is the layer.
a. protective abirb.com/test
b. reflective
c. active
d. support
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the purpose of each layer of the imaging plate.

4. The imaging plate layer that absorbs stimulating light and reflects emitted light is the
layer. abirb.com/test

a. active
b. color
c. reflective abirb.com/test
d. backing
ANS: B OBJ: Describe the purpose of each layer of the imaging plate.
abirb.com/test
5. The reflective layer
a. absorbs and reduces static.
b. gives the imaging sheet strength. abirb.com/test
c. protects the back of the cassette.
d. sends light in a forward direction.

ANS: D OBJ: Describe the purpose of each layer of the imaging plate.
abirb.com/test

6. The purpose of the barcode label is to match the image information with the
a. imaging plate.
b. patient identifier. abirb.com/test
c. technologist.

abirb.com/test
 d. radiographic room.
ANS: B OBJ: Describe the basic construction of a PSP cassette and imaging plate.
abirb.com/test

7. The phosphor layer is made of phosphors from the family.

a. barium sulfate
b. halide calcium abirb.com/test
c. barium fluorohalide
d. calcium fluorohalide
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the basic construction ofaabirPbS.cPomc/taessst ette and imaging
plate.

8. When the imaging plate is irradiated, stimulated electrons enter the layer.
a. active
b. conductive abirb.com/test

c. protective
d. support
ANS: A OBJ: Explain the process of photostimualbaitribo.cnomin/tethste imaging plate.

9. During laser beam formation, both ends of the laser reflect energy back and forth so that the
atoms abirb.com/test
a. absorb each other.
b. bombard each other.
c. lose energy.
abirb.com/test
d. create x-ray energy.
ANS: B OBJ: Explain the process of reading and erasing the imaging plate.

10. Coherent light is formed by the laser because the photons abirb.com/test
a. are at right angles to each other.
b. travel in all directions.
c. travel in the same direction. abirb.com/test
d. are at varying frequencies.
ANS: C OBJ: Explain the process of reading and erasing the imaging plate.
abirb.com/test
11. The optical mirror in the reader
a. directs the laser beam to the imaging plate
surface. abirb.com/test
b. forms the laser beam into a circle.
c. causes the laser beam to diverge.
d. creates the laser beam.

ANS: A OBJ: Explain the process of reading and erasing the imaging plate.
abirb.com/test

12. Typical cassette throughput is cassettes per .

a. 5; minute
b. 25; minute abirb.com/test

c. 25; hour
d. 50; hour

ANS: D OBJ: Explain the process of reading andabeirrba.scoinmg/tetshte imaging plate.

 abirb.com/test

13. Each light photon is assigned a number during

a. amplification.
abirb.com/test
b. sampling.
c. digitization.
d. laser scanning.

ANS: C OBJ: Explain the process of reading andabeirrba.scoinmg/tetshte imaging plate.

14. The wavelength of the PSP reader laser is nm.

a. 336
b. 636 abirb.com/test

c. 633
d. 366
ab ir b . co m /te s t
ANS: C OBJ: Explain the process of reading and e r a s in g t h e imaging plate.

15. The laser scans the imaging plate in a pattern.

a. raster abirb.com/test
b. horizontal
c. circular
d. random
abirb.com/test
ANS: A OBJ: Explain the process of reading and erasing the imaging plate.

16. The process of scanning the moving imaging plate is known as

a. transition. abirb.com/test

b. raster scanning.
c. digitization.
d. translation. abirb.com/test

ANS: D OBJ: Explain the process of reading and erasing the imaging plate.

17. Which of the following does not determine PSP resolutiona?birb.com/test

a. Phosphor layer thickness
b. Pixel size
c. The number of pixels
abirb.com/test
d. Laser scan speed
ANS: D
OBJ: Compare conventional radiographic screen and film speed to PSP systems.
abirb.com/test

18. PSP imaging plates are erased by flooding the plate

with
a. light. abirb.com/test

b. radiation.
c. electrons.
d. phosphors.

ANS: A OBJ: Explain the process of reading andabeirrba.scoinmg/tetshte imaging plate.

19. The amount of detail present in any image is known as resolution.

a. contrast
b. density c. spatial
abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test
 d. optical
ANS: C OBJ: Explain the process of reading and erasing the imaging plate.
abirb.com/test

20. The selection of the incorrect body part from the examination menu may result in
a. no image.
b. image misinterpretation. abirb.com/test
c. proper density and contrast.
d. no difference in image sharpness.
ANS: B abirb.com/test
OBJ: Discuss the importance of matching the body part being examined to the examination menu.

21. Kilovoltage peak (kVp) should be chosen

a. to provide the least contrast possible. abirb.com/test

b. to provide penetration.
c. for the type and amount of contrast desired.
d. for the type of imaging plate phosphor. abirb.com/test

ANS: B
OBJ: Discuss the selection of technical factors for density, contrast, and penetration.
abirb.com/test
22. The k-edge of phosphor imaging plates ranges from keV.
a. 10–30
b. 20–40
c. 30–50 abirb.com/test
d. 40–60

ANS: C
OBJ: Discuss the selection of technical factors for density, conatbrirabs.ct,oman/tdespt enetration.

23. The range of kVp that can be used with PSP systems is
a. 45–120.
b. 55–130. abirb.com/test

c. 65–120.
d. 75–130.
abirb.com/test
ANS: A
OBJ: Discuss the selection of technical factors for density, contrast, and penetration.

24. Milliampere-seconds (mA-s) is selected for the abirb.com/test

a. shortest time possible.

b. longest time possible.
c. number of electrons needed. abirb.com/test
d. amount of penetration needed.
ANS: C
OBJ: Discuss the selection of technical factors for density, contrast, and penetration.
abirb.com/test

25. When insufficient light is produced by the imaging plate phosphor, the image will
a. not be formed.
b. be grainy. abirb.com/test
c. be dark.

abirb.com/test
 d. be detailed.
ANS: B
OBJ: Discuss the selection of technical factors for density, conatbrirabs.ct,oman/tdespt enetration.

26. Quantum mottle is caused by

a. excessive mA-s. abirb.com/test
b. excessive kVp.
c. insufficient distance.
d. insufficient light.
abirb.com/test
ANS: D
OBJ: Discuss the selection of technical factors for density, contrast, and penetration.

27. Which of the following should be considered when cassette?

selectianbgirbt.hcoemP/teSsPt
a. Size and speed
b. Type and speed
c. Size and type abirb.com/test
d. None of these
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the imaging plate and grid selection process.
abirb.com/test
28. The higher the number of pixels in a matrix, the
a. higher the image resolution.
b. lower the image resolution. abirb.com/test
c. lack of effect on image resolution.
d. smaller the image.

ANS: A OBJ: Describe the imaging plate and grid selection process.
abirb.com/test
29. Grid use for PSP examinations is more critical than in film/screen radiography because CR
a. examinations produce more scatter.
b. imaging plates record more densities. abirb.com/test
c. imaging plates record less scatter.
d. examinations require much higher kVp
values.
ANS: B OBJ: Describe the imaging plate and graidbirsbe.cleomct/iteosnt process.

30. The number of grid lines per centimeter or lines per inch describes grid
a. frequency.
b. ration. abirb.com/test
c. focus.
d. size.
ANS: A OBJ: Describe the imaging plate and graidbirsbe.cleomct/iteosnt process.

31. Grid ratio describes the

abirb.com/test
a. number of grid lines per centimeter or lines per
inch.
b. angling of the lead strips to coincide with x-ray beam diversion.
c. relationship between the height of the lead strips to the interspace.
d. physical size of the grid to be used for each distance measured.
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the imaging plate and grid selection process.
abirb.com/test
32. Which of the following require more critical beam centering?
a. Parallel grids abirb.com/test
b. Focused grids
c. Low-ratio grids
d. Low-frequency grids
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: Describe the imaging plate and grid selection process.

33. Collimation to a smaller area

a. increases scatter. abirb.com/test

b. increases amount of tissue irradiated.

c. decreases resolution.
d. decreases scatter. abirb.com/test

ANS: D OBJ: Discuss the importance of preprocessing collimation and image marking.

34. Shuttering is a post-exposure image manipulation techniquaebirtbh.caotm/test

a. is placed on the patient.
b. is placed on the cassette.
c. is added to the screen image.
abirb.com/test
d. changes the amount of scatter.
ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the importance of preprocessing collimation and image marking.

35. A technologist can lend credibility to his or her expertise baybirb.com/test

a. using a grid.
b. using personal position markers.
c. using less collimation. abirb.com/test
d. None of the above
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the importance of preprocessing collimation and image marking.
abirb.com/test
36. The exposure indicator number is
a. an accurate measure of the patient dose.
b. an indication of radiation absorbed by the imaging plate.
c. Both A and B abirb.com/test

d. Neither A nor B
ANS: B
OBJ: Compare exposure indicators for the major computed raadbioirbg.rcaopmh/tyes(t CR)
manufacturers and vendors.

37. Cracks in the imaging plate can be caused by

a. excessive kVp. abirb.com/test

b. removing and replacing the plate in the reader.

c. improper erasure.
d. scatter through the back of the cassette. abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the importance of preprocessing collimation and image marking.

38. Intermittent extraneous line patterns are artifacts. abirb.com/test

a. imaging plate

abirb.com/test

b. plate reader c. image processing

 d. printer
abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the importance of preprocessing collimation and image marking.

TRUE/FALSE abirb.com/test

1. PSP phosphor speed and radiographic film speed are always equivalent.
abirb.com/test
ANS: F
OBJ: Compare conventional radiographic screen and film speed to CR systems.

2. The PSP imaging plate does not require periodic erasure baebcirabu.csoem/otefstits ability
to record background radiation.

ANS: F OBJ: Explain the process of reading and erasing the imaging plate.
abirb.com/test

3. Less kVp is needed with conventional radiographic screens than is necessary for PSP systems.
abirb.com/test
ANS: F

OBJ: Discuss the selection of technical factors for density, contrast, and penetration.

4. Grid lines projected onto the imaging plate will not interfere with the image.
abirb.com/test
ANS: F OBJ: Describe the imaging plate and grid selection process.

5. It is acceptable to replace collimation with shuttering.

abirb.com/test

ANS: F OBJ: Discuss the importance of preprocessing collimation and image marking.

6. Images should be marked only with computerized markersa.birb.com/test

ANS: F OBJ: Discuss the importance of preprocessing collimation and image marking.

Chapter 05: Thin-Film Transistor Flat-Panel Array Image Acquisition Carter: Digital
Radiography and PACS, 3rd Edition
abirb.com/test

MULTIPLE CHOICE
abirb.com/test
1. Photoconductors are materials that
a. produce light when absorbing x-rays.
b. produce x-rays when absorbing light.
abirb.com/test
c. absorb light and produce electric charges.
d. absorb x-rays and produce electrical charges.
 ANS: D OBJ: Define a TFT flat-panel digital image detector.
abirb.com/test
2. Scintillators are phosphors that
a. produce light when absorbing x-rays.
b. produce x-rays when absorbing light. abirb.com/test

c. absorb light and produce electrical charges.

d. absorb x-rays and produce electrical charges.

ANS: A OBJ: Define a TFT flat-panel digital image detector.

abirb.com/test

3. A device that includes a photosensitive array and small pixels that convert light into electrical
charges is known as a transistor.
a. thin-field abirb.com/test
b. field-effect
c. thin-film
d. field-energy
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: Define a TFT flat-panel digital image detector.

4. A device that acts like a switch to send electrical charges to the image processor in a direct
conversion flat-panel detector is known as a transiasbtiorbr..com/test
a. thin-field
b. field-effect
c. thin-film abirb.com/test
d. field-energy
ANS: B
OBJ: Describe the construction of direct and indirect TFT flata-pbiarbn.ceol md/etetsetctor systems.

5. In a flat-panel detector, specialized silicon integrated circuits control

a. line scanning sequence.
b. readout. abirb.com/test

c. amplification.
d. analog-to-digital conversion.
abirb.com/test
ANS: A
OBJ: Describe the construction of direct and indirect TFT flat-panel detector systems.

6. Amplifiers perform all of the following functions except abirb.com/test

a. readout.

abirb.com/test

b. amplification.
c. noise cancelling.
abirb.com/test
d. analog-to-digital conversion.
ANS: C

OBJ: Describe the construction of direct and indirect TFT flat-panel detector systems.
abirb.com/test
7. Which of the following is used as a photoconductor? ANS: B
a. Gd2O2S
b. a-Se
c. a-Si:H
d. Cesium Iodide (CsI)
 abirb.com/test

OBJ: Describe the construction of direct and indirect TFT flat -pbiarbn.ceol md/etetsetctor systems.
a

8. Which of the following is not considered a scintillator?

a. Gd2O2S abirb.com/test
b. CsI
c. a-Se
d. None of the above
abirb.com/test
ANS: C
OBJ: Describe the construction of direct and indirect TFT flat-panel detector systems.

9. Flat-panel detectors that use indirect conversion technologaybircbo.cnomve/tertst

a. electrical signals to light.
b. light to x-rays.
c. x-rays to electrical signals. abirb.com/test

d. x-rays to visible light.

ANS: D
OBJ: Describe the construction of direct and indirect TFT flat-panel detector systems.
abirb.com/test

10. Indirect conversion in flat-panel detectors is a _-step process.

a. one
b. two abirb.com/test
c. three
d. four
ANS: B OBJ: Differentiate between direct and inabdiirbre.ccotmi/mtesatge capture.

11. The type of flat-panel detector that uses thin films of silicon integrated with arrays of
photodiodes is known as a(n)
abirb.com/test
a. CsI detector.
b. charge-coupled device.
c. CMOS.
d. amorphous silicon detector. abirb.com/test

ANS: D OBJ: Differentiate between direct and indirect image capture.

12. CsI detectors use abirb.com/test

a. rare-earth scintillators.

abirb.com/test

b. thin crystalline needles.

c. miniature cameras.
d. specialized pixel sensors.
ANS: B OBJ: Describe a CsI detector.

13. In CsI detectors

a. there is very little light spread.
b. crystalline needles block light from the detector.
c. x-rays are converted into an electrical signal.
d. light spread causes resolution to decrease.
ANS: A OBJ: Describe a CsI detector.
 abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test

14. A Gd2O2S scintillator is known as what type of phosphor?abirb.com/test

a. Turbid
b. Unstructured
c. Structured abirb.com/test
d. Both A and B
ANS: D OBJ: Describe a Gd2O2S detector.
abirb.com/test
15. Detector performance is measured with all of the following except
a. spatial resolution.
b. observation of flow contrast objects in a phantom.
c. DQE. abirb.com/test

d. contrast.
ANS: D
OBJ: Relate the design of a TFT flat-panel detector to its perfoabrmirba.cnocme/temsteasurements.

16. Defective pixels can result from all of the following except
a. chemical corrosion. abirb.com/test
b. static discharge.
c. software programs.
d. age.
abirb.com/test
ANS: C
OBJ: Relate the design of a TFT flat-panel detector to its performance measurements.

17. Manufacturers make efforts to maintain a standard of less defective pixels.

atbhirabn.com/test
a. 0.01–0.02%
b. 0.1–0.2%
c. 1–2% abirb.com/test

d. None of the above

ANS: B

OBJ: Relate the design of a TFT flat-panel detector to its perfoabrmirba.cnocme/temsteasurements.

18. Possible causes of image lag include all except

a. rapid succession images.
b. overexposure. abirb.com/test
c. lack of beam attention.

abirb.com/test
 d. underexposure.
ANS: D OBJ: Describe the cause of image lag and the process of correcting.
abirb.com/test

19. All of the following statements are true except:

a. As the detector ages, the number of dead pixels increases.
b. Software programs identify and isolate dead abirb.com/test
pixels.
c. Interpolation uses information from surrounding pixels to “fill in” missing
information.
d. Dead pixels at the edge of the detector are easily identified.
abirb.com/test
ANS: D
OBJ: Relate the design of a TFT flat-panel detector to its performance measurements.

20. Which of the following can be done to decrease the image lag occur in the
chanceaboirbf.choamv/tiensgt next image?
a. Decrease the amount of time between exposures.
b. Increase the amount of time between abirb.com/test
exposures.
c. Leave collimation open.
d. Acquire the image requiring the highest technical factors first.
ANS: B OBJ: Describe the cause of image lag anabdirtbh.ceompr/toesctess of correcting.

TRUE/FALSE
abirb.com/test
1. The absorption material can be attached to the pixel array electrically or physically.

ANS: T
OBJ: Describe the construction of direct and indirect TFT flata-pbiarbn.ceol md/etetsetctor systems.

2. The 2-D array determines whether the imager is direct conversion or indirect conversion.

ANS: F abirb.com/test
OBJ: Describe the construction of direct and indirect TFT flat-panel detector systems.

3. Gain calibration will remove inherent detector artifacts froambirba.cnomim/teasgt e.

ANS: T
OBJ: Relate the design of a TFT flat-panel detector to its performance measurements.
abirb.com/test
4. Offset correction is used to remove inherent signal that remains in a detector.

ANS: T OBJ: Describe the cause of image lag and the process of correcting.
abirb.com/test
5. All flat-panel detector systems have the ability to take images faster than the detector
can accommodate.

ANS: F OBJ: Describe the cause of image lag anabdirtbh.ceompr/toesctess of correcting.

Chapter 06: Charge-Coupled Device/Complementary Metal Oxide

Semiconductor Image Capture
 Carter: Digital Radiography and PACS, 3rd Edition abirb.com/test

MULTIPLE CHOICE abirb.com/test

1. Which statement best describes a charge-coupled device (CCD)?

a. It is the oldest direct conversion technology that is still in use today.
b. It is the oldest direct conversion technology with limiteabdirbu.csoemt/otedstay.
c. It is the oldest indirect conversion technology that is no longer used in
medical imaging.
d. It is the oldest indirect conversion technology used in aabirb.com/test
variety of image capture
applications.
ANS: D OBJ: Explain the function of a CCD.

2. A device that acts like a camera in an indirect conversion dabeitrbe.ccotomr/teisst known as a

a. CCD.
b. field-effect transistor.
c. CMOS abirb.com/test
d. thin-field transistor.
ANS: A OBJ: Explain the function of a
CCD. abirb.com/test
3. The components that focus the signal from the scintillators to the CCD are called
a. detector elements.
b. capacitors.
c. fiber optics. abirb.com/test

d. analog-digital converters.
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the components of a CCD.
abirb.com/test

4. Which statement best describes a capacitor?

a. It converts x-ray photons to light.
b. It converts light to an electrical charge and stores abirb.com/test

it.
c. It converts x-ray photons to light and stores it.

d. It stores light and converts it from an analog to a digital signal.

ANS: C OBJ: Describe the components of a CCDab.irb.com/test

5. Which of the following statements about scintillators is

true?
a. All scintillators absorb the same amount of x-ray photons.
b. The amount of x-rays absorbed depends on the type ofasbicrbin.ctoimll/atetsot r.
c. Structured phosphors produce more light spread.
d. Unstructured phosphors are more efficient.
ANS: B OBJ: Describe the components of a CCDab.irb.com/test

6. Detector elements are formed by voltage gates that at readout to the flow of
electrons. abirb.com/test
a. close; allow

abirb.com/test

b. open; allow c. close; stop

 d. open; stop
abirb.com/test

ANS: A OBJ: Describe the components of a CCD.

7. The readout process requires that and abirb.com/test

.
a. electrons flow freely when the gates are open; voltage stays consistent
b. the flow of electrons is timed; voltage stays consistent
c. electrons flow freely when the gates are open; multiple voltage changes occur
d. the flow of electrons is timed; multiple voltage changeasbiorbc.ccoumr/test
ANS: D OBJ: Describe the components of a CCD.

8. The most common types of noise that affects image qualitaybiirnb.ccloumd/teesat ll of the
following except
a. quantum noise.
b. statistical noise.
c. “dark” current noise. abirb.com/test
d. amplification noise.
ANS: A OBJ: Explain the function of a
CCD. abirb.com/test
9. Clinical applications for CCDs include all of the following except
a. digital fluoroscopy.
b. computed tomography fluoroscopy.
c. digital mammography. abirb.com/test

d. general radiography.
ANS: B OBJ: Explain the function of a
CCD. abirb.com/test

10. When compared with a CMOS, CCDs

a. are less light sensitive. abirb.com/test
b. are more susceptible to noise.
c. use more than 100 times the power.
d. are inexpensive to manufacture.
ANS: C OBJ: Differentiate between CCD and CaMbirOb.Scotme/ctehsnt ology.

11. The most popular base material used in integrated circuits is

a. selenium.
b. sulfur. abirb.com/test

c. silicon.
d. tellurium.
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the basic construction anadbifrbu.ncocmti/otenstof a CMOS.

12. Demagnification is
a. reducing the phosphor output image to the size of the aacbtiribv.ceoma/rteesat of the CCD.
b. reducing the field size of the CCD detector.
c. reducing the amount of light spread from the scintillator.
d. None of the above
abirb.com/test
ANS: A OBJ: Describe the components of a CCD.
abirb.com/test
13. A detector in which each pixel has its own amplifier is known as a
a. CCD. abirb.com/test
b. field-effect transistor.
c. CMOS.
d. thin-field transistor.
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the basic construction and function of a CMOS.

14. A highly efficient indirect conversion system that takes up less fill space than CCDs is known
as a(n) abirb.com/test

a. analog to digital converter.

b. field-effect transistor.
c. CMOS. abirb.com/test
d. thin-field transistor.
ANS: C OBJ: Differentiate between CCD and CMOS technology.
abirb.com/test
15. The indirect conversion detector system that requires optical coupling and image size
reduction is known as a
a. CCD.
abirb.com/test
b. field-effect transistor.
c. CMOS.
d. thin-field transistor.
ANS: A OBJ: Differentiate between CCD and CaMbirOb.Scotme/ctehsnt ology.

16. Which of the following flat-panel detector technologies was developed by NASA?
a. CCD abirb.com/test
b. Field-effect transistor
c. CMOS
d. Thin-field transistor
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: Differentiate between CCD and CMOS technology.

17. When specialized pixels in a complementary metal oxide silicon system are struck with x-ray
photons abirb.com/test

a. the x-ray photons are converted into light.

b. light photons are stored in capacitors.
c. light photons are converted into electrical charges. abirb.com/test
d. All of the above
ANS: D OBJ: Describe the basic construction and function of a CMOS.
abirb.com/test
18. Quantum efficiency is a measurement of the
a. amount of electron-hole pairs held by the electrostatic force.
b. percentage of light that is absorbed.
c. amount of electrons produced relative to the incident liagbihrbt.cformo/mtestt he scintillator.
d. total amount of light that is absorbed.
ANS: C
OBJ: Compare detector detective quantum efficiency to cassetatbeir-bb.acosmed/tessyt stems.

abirb.com/test
 19. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Quantum efficiency and detective quantum efficiency are the same.
b. Quantum efficiency will affect detective quantum efficaibeirnb.ccyom. /test
c. Quantum efficiency has no effect on detective quantum efficiency.
d. Quantum efficiency is the absolute efficiency of the amount of light collected.
ANS: B OBJ: Explain the function of a CCD. abirb.com/test

20. Some advantages to CCDs include

a. less expensive to manufacture. abirb.com/test
b. module design makes repairs and upgrades easy.
c. demagnification capabilities.
d. a and c only.
e. All of the above abirb.com/test

ANS: D OBJ: Differentiate between CCD and CMOS technology.

21. turn semi-conductors into full electrical conductoarbsir.b.com/test

a. Dopants
b. Amplifiers
c. Positive transistors
abirb.com/test
d. Negative transistors
ANS: A OBJ: Describe the basic construction and function of a CMOS.

22. All of the following are considered impurities except abirb.com/test

a. gallium arsenide.
b. indium antimonide.
c. tellurium.
abirb.com/test
d. most metal oxides.
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the basic construction and function of a CMOS.
abirb.com/test

TRUE/FALSE

1. The number of electron-hole pairs produced is related to thabeirab.mcoomu/tenstt of light

absorbed.
ANS: T OBJ: Describe the components of a CCD.

2. The polysilicon layer within a CCD acts as an insulator. abirb.com/test

ANS: F OBJ: Describe the components of a CCD.

3. CCDs use more power than CMOS. abirb.com/test

MULTIPLE CHOICE
ANS: T OBJ: Differentiate between CCD and
CMOS technology. 1. A barcode reader is a type of
device.
a. processing
b. input
c. output
Chapter 07: Basic Computer Principles
Carter: Digital Radiography and PACS, 3rd Edition
 abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Describe the major components of a computer.

2. Binary code is a computer language based on abirb.com/test

a. ones and zeros.

b. ones and tens.
c. tens and zeros. abirb.com/test

ANS: A

OBJ: Define binary code, bit, and byte and discuss how they relate to one another.

3. In the binary code, the value of one is assigned when a and the current
tranabsiirbs.tcoormi/tsest
through.
a. open; passes
b. closed; passes abirb.com/test
c. open; does not pass
d. closed; does not pass
ANS: B abirb.com/test
OBJ: Define binary code, bit, and byte and discuss how they relate to one another.

4. How many bits make up four bytes?

a. 8 abirb.com/test

b. 16
c. 32
d. 64 abirb.com/test

ANS: C
OBJ: Define binary code, bit, and byte and discuss how they relate to one another.
abirb.com/test
5. How many bytes are needed to store one alphanumeric character?
a. 1
b. 8
c. 32 abirb.com/test
d. 64
ANS: A
OBJ: Define binary code, bit, and byte and discuss how they raeblairbte.cotom/otenset another.

6. The CPU is
a. the PC encasement.
abirb.com/test
b. an external storage device.

abirb.com/test

c. a microprocessor found on the motherboard.

d. a stand-alone microprocessor. abirb.com/test
ANS: C
OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.
 7. The microprocessor uses the BIOS during
a. start-up diagnostics. abirb.com/test
b. the stand-by mode.
c. the shutdown process.
ANS: A OBJ: List and define the hardware compaboinrbe.cnotms /dteisstcussed in this
chapter.

8. The series of connections, controllers, and chips that create the information highway within
the computer system is known as the
abirb.com/test
a. motherboard.
b. BIOS.
c. BUS.
d. memory. abirb.com/test

ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

9. All of the following use buses that are found within the coambiprbu.ctoemr/teexstcept the
a. USB.
b. SCSI.
c. AGP.
abirb.com/test
d. BCBV.
ANS: D OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

10. RAM is an acronym for memory. abirb.com/test

a. rapid access
b. read alternative
c. random access
abirb.com/test
d. read access
ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.
abirb.com/test
11. RAM is
a. permanent for the CPU.
b. long term for open programs. abirb.com/test
c. temporary for the CPU.
d. short term for open programs.

ANS: D OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.
abirb.com/test

12. Memory is measured in

a. hertz.
b. joules. abirb.com/test

c. bits.
d. bytes.

ANS: D OBJ: List and define the hardware compaboinrbe.cnotms /dteisstcussed in this
chapter.

abirb.com/test
13. The collection of connectors that link the PC to various peripherals is known as
a. terminals.
b. piers. abirb.com/test
c. ports.
d. docks.
ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware compaboinrbe.cnotms /dteisstcussed in this
chapter.

14. A parallel port sends bit(s) of data through a connection compared with a serial port,
which can send bit(s) of data.
abirb.com/test
a. 8; 2
b. 8; 1
c. 2; 8
d. 1; 8 abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

15. All of the following are used with a serial port except abirb.com/test

a
a. mouse.
b. modem. abirb.com/test
c. printer.
d. scanner.

ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

16. The fastest and most versatile port is the abirb.com/test

a. parallel port.
b. serial port.
c. USB.
abirb.com/test
d. SCSI.
ANS: D OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.
abirb.com/test
17. All of the following are common SCSI devices except
the
a. modem. abirb.com/test
b. hard drive.
c. CD-ROM.
d. scanner.
e. printer.

ANS: A OBJ: List and define the hardware compaboinrbe.cnotms /dteisstcussed in this
chapter.

18. The system clock uses a

a. lithium battery. abirb.com/test
b. quartz battery.
c. vibrating quartz crystal.
d. vibrating lithium crystal.
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

19. If a PC had a 5.0-GHz CPU, it would have a system clock that would tick billion
times per second. a. 1
 abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test

b. 3
c. 5
abirb.com/test
d. 7

ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

20. Storage capacity for early hard drives was abirb.com/test

a. 10 GB.
b. 100 GB.
c. 10 MB. abirb.com/test
d. 100 MB.

ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

21. The information storage capacity of a DVD is timaebsirmb.coorme/tethstan that of a CD.

a. 1
b. 3
c. 5 abirb.com/test
d. 7
ANS: D OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.
abirb.com/test
22. What metal is contained behind the outer layers of a DVD?
a. Silver
b. Aluminum
c. Gold abirb.com/test

d. Platinum
ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.
abirb.com/test

23. “Write once, read many” is represented by which of the following identifiers?
a. ROM
b. RO abirb.com/test
c. R
d. RW
ANS: C OBJ: List and define the hardware compaboinrbe.cnotms /dteisstcussed in this
chapter.

24. Most modern keyboards connect to the back of the box using a connection.
a. PS/1
b. PS/2 abirb.com/test

c. PS/3
d. PS/4
ANS: B OBJ: List and define the hardware compaboinrbe.cnotms /dteisstcussed in this
chapter.

25. All mice connections are type.

a. serial abirb.com/test
b. parallel
c. pier
d. port
abirb.com/test
 ANS: A OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

abirb.com/test

26. All but are commonly used mice.

abirb.com/test
a. infrared
b. mechanical
c. optomechanical
d. laser abirb.com/test

ANS: A OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

27. The basic picture element is known as a

a. matrix. abirb.com/test

b. dot.
c. pixel.
d. bit. abirb.com/test

ANS: C OBJ: Explain the measurements used to classify monitors.

28. A dot triad is a grouping of abirb.com/test

a. one red dot, one green dot, and one yellow dot.
b. one green dot, one blue dot, and one yellow dot.
c. one red dot, one blue dot, and one yellow dot. abirb.com/test
d. one green dot, one blue dot, and one red dot.

ANS: D OBJ: Explain the measurements used to classify monitors.

29. represents how close the dots are located to one anaobitrhb.ecormw/teitsht in a pixel.
a. Dot matrix
b. Aspect ratio
c. Viewable area abirb.com/test
d. Dot pitch
ANS: D OBJ: Explain the measurements used to classify monitors.
abirb.com/test
30. The refresh rate controls the
a. scan.
b. flicker. abirb.com/test
c. resolution.
d. reload.

ANS: B OBJ: List the three most common types of monitors.

abirb.com/test

31. Response rate refers to the amount of time it takes the crystal to go
a. to an on state.
b. from an off state to on and vice versa. abirb.com/test
c. to an off state.
d. from an on state to an off state.
ANS: B OBJ: List the three most common typesaobifrbm.coomn/itteosrts.

32. A GUI is best known as a(n)

a. word command.
b. file command. abirb.com/test

c. icon.
abirb.com/test
 d. memory unit.
ANS: C OBJ: Compare and contrast an operating system and application software.
abirb.com/test

33. UNIX was developed by

a. Microsoft.
b. Dell. abirb.com/test

c. Bell.
d. Hewlett-Packard.

ANS: C OBJ: Compare and contrast an operatingabsiryb.sctoemm/teasnt d application

software.

34. A handheld personal organizer is an example of a operating system.

a. real-time
b. single-user, single-task abirb.com/test

c. single-user, multitask
d. multiuser
ANS: B OBJ: Compare and contrast an operatingabsiryb.sctoemm/teasnt d application
software.

35. Real-time operating systems are commonly found on

a. large company mainframes. abirb.com/test
b. modern x-ray equipment.
c. personal computers.
d. personal organizers.
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: Compare and contrast an operating system and application software.

36. All of the following are major operating systems except

a. Windows. abirb.com/test

b. Macintosh.
c. Hologic.
d. UNIX/Linux. abirb.com/test

ANS: C OBJ: Compare and contrast an operating system and application software.

TRUE/FALSE abirb.com/test

1. One of the functions of the heavy metal case is to shield the components from radio waves
and satellite frequencies. abirb.com/test

ANS: F OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

2. The power supply is designed to absorb the force of a powaebrirbs.ucormg/etetsot the computer.

ANS: T OBJ: List and define the hardware components discussed in this chapter.

3. The higher the resolution, the less information that can be adbiirsbp.cloamy/etedst on the
monitor.

ANS: F OBJ: Explain the measurements used to classify monitors.

abirb.com/test
4. The operating system software acts as a bridge between applications and hardware.
 abirb.com/test
ANS: T OBJ: Compare and contrast an operating system and application software.
abirb.com/test

Chapter 08: Networking and Communication Basics Carter: Digital Radiography and
PACS, 3rd Edition
abirb.com/test

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Two or more objects sharing resources and information oracbiorbm.copmu/tteesrts, terminals,

and servers interconnected by communication channels is a definition of a
a. local area network (LAN).
b. wide area network (WAN). abirb.com/test
c. computer network.
d. All of the above
ANS: D abirb.com/test
OBJ: Distinguish between different types of network (geographic and component roles).

2. Which of the following is considered a geographic category of networks?

a. LAN abirb.com/test

b. Computed tomography (CT) scanner

c. Computed radiography reader
d. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abirb.com/test
scanner
ANS: A
OBJ: Distinguish between different types of network (geographic and component roles).
abirb.com/test
3. The least expensive network to install is
a
a. WAN. abirb.com/test
b. LAN.
c. CT scanner.
d. MRI scanner.
ANS: B

OBJ: Distinguish between different types of network (geograpahbiircb.acnomd/tceosmt ponent roles).

4. In which network type is each computer on the network considered equal?

a. Server based abirb.com/test

b. Client based
c. Peer to peer
d. None of the abirb.com/test
above
ANS: C
OBJ: Distinguish between different types of network (geographic and component roles).

5. A computer network that spans a large area such as a city,asbtirabt.ceo,mn/taetsiton, or

continent is known as a
a. WAN.
b. large area network.
c. peer-to-peer abirb.com/test

network.
d. client-based
network.
ANS: A
OBJ: Distinguish between different types of network ponent roles).
a b ir b. c om /t e s t
(geograp h i c a n d c om

abirb.com/test
 6. A network that uses a central computer that sends the entire original resource to the client is
known as a abirb.com/test
a. client-based network.
b. WAN.
c. LAN.
abirb.com/test
d. server-based network.
ANS: D
OBJ: Distinguish between different types of network (geographic and component roles).
abirb.com/test

7. Which one of the following is not considered a type of computer found on a network?
a. Server
b. Thin client abirb.com/test
c. Peer to peer
d. Thick client
ANS: D OBJ: Identify common network hardwaarbeircbo.cmomp/otenstents.

8. Which of the following describes a thin-client computer?

a. Any computer that needs a server for task completion
b. A computer that works independently of the abirb.com/test

network
c. A computer that manages resources for other computers
d. All of the above
ANS: A OBJ: Identify common network hardwaarbeircbo.cmomp/otenstents.

9. Which of the following describes a thick-client computer?

a. Any computer that needs a server for task completion abirb.com/test
b. A computer that works independently of the network
c. A computer that manages resources for other computers
d. All of the above
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: Identify common network hardware components.

10. A server is
a. any computer that needs a server for task completion. abirb.com/test
b. a computer that works independently of the network.
c. a computer that manages resources for other computers.
d. All of the above abirb.com/test

ANS: C OBJ: Identify common network hardware components.

11. Cable consisting of a center conducting wire surrounded baybiirbn.scoumla/tteisot n and a

grounded shield of braided wire is called
a. coaxial.
b. twisted pair.
c. fiber optic. abirb.com/test

d. infrared.
ANS: A OBJ: Describe the different types of network cabling and their uses.
abirb.com/test
12. The most common connection medium for a LAN is

abirb.com/test

a. coaxial. b. twisted pair.

 c. fiber optic.
d. infrared.
abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Describe the different types of network cabling and their uses.
abirb.com/test
13. Wireless connections require all except which one of the following?
a. Infrared or radiofrequencies
b. Consideration of wall thickness
c. Physical cabling abirb.com/test

d. Transmitter/receiver
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the different types of network cabling and their uses.
abirb.com/test

14. The network connection that uses glass threads to transmit data is
a. coaxial.
b. twisted pair. abirb.com/test
c. fiber optic.
d. infrared.
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the different types of netawbiorbr.kcocma/btelsitng and their uses.

15. The most fragile type of network connection is

a. coaxial.
b. twisted pair. abirb.com/test

c. fiber optic.
d. infrared.
ANS: C OBJ: Describe the different types of netawbiorbr.kcocma/btelsitng and their uses.

16. The biggest advantages of wireless networks are

a. the size and shape of transmitters. abirb.com/test
b. the cost and location from source.
c. wall thickness and composition.
d. mobility and convenience.
abirb.com/test
ANS: D OBJ: Describe the different types of network cabling and their uses.

17. A device that provides the interface between the computer and network is known as a
a. network interface card. abirb.com/test

b. network connection card.

c. computer interface chip.
d. computer connection chip. abirb.com/test

ANS: A OBJ: Define network communication protocol.

18. Most network interface cards plug directly into the abirb.com/test

a. CD drive.
b. audio/video port.
c. USB port. abirb.com/test
d. motherboard.

abirb.com/test
 ANS: D OBJ: Define network communication protocol.

19. A network switch abirb.com/test

a. is the simplest connection device.

b. sends data only to data-directed devices.
c. is a wired connection from one network to another.

d. is a device that directs portions of messages to intendeadbitrab.rcgoemt/ste.st

ANS: B OBJ: Define network communication protocol.

20. The simplest connection device is the abirb.com/test

a. hub.
b. switch.
c. bridge.
abirb.com/test
d. router.
ANS: B OBJ: Define network communication protocol.
abirb.com/test
21. A connection device that can bring two or more networks together that speak the same
language is known as a
a. hub.
b. switch. abirb.com/test

c. bridge.
d. router.
ANS: C OBJ: Define network communication praobtirobc.coolm. /test

22. A type of computer addressing that is made up of four octets of numbers is the
a. router. abirb.com/test
b. network protocol.
c. internet protocol.
d. transmission protocol.
abirb.com/test
ANS: C OBJ: Define network communication protocol.

23. The transport layer of the OSI model

a. breaks up data into frames. abirb.com/test

b. makes sure data packets are sequenced.

c. moves bits from one place to another.
d. packages the data for transmission. abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Define network communication protocol.

24. The network layer breaks up data and abirb.com/test

a. ensures that there are no errors.

b. decides which network path to take.
c. includes Ethernet performance. abirb.com/test
d. consists of networking media.

ANS: B OBJ: Define network communication protocol.

25. Ethernet protocol performs at the layer. abirb.com/test

a. transport

abirb.com/test
 b. network
c. physical
abirb.com/test
d. internet

ANS: C OBJ: Define network communication protocol.

26. A network on which devices are connected in a circle is knaboirwb.ncoams/teast network.

a. bus
b. ring
c. star
abirb.com/test
d. mesh
ANS: B OBJ: Differentiate between the common network topologies.

27. In a bus network abirb.com/test

a. redundancy is built in with multiple connections.
b. devices are connected to a central hub.
c. a token is transmitted around the ring.
abirb.com/test
d. no switches of hubs are necessary.
ANS: D OBJ: Differentiate between the common network topologies.
abirb.com/test
28. The topology in which the bus is collapsed into a central box is the
a. hub.
b. star.
c. ring. abirb.com/test

d. mesh.
ANS: B OBJ: Differentiate between the common network topologies.
abirb.com/test

29. The topology on which the Internet is based is the

a. hub.
b. star. abirb.com/test

c. ring.
d. mesh.

ANS: D OBJ: Differentiate between the commonabnirebt.cwomor/tkesttopologies.

30. The almost universally accepted standard for exchanging medical images is known as
a. NEMA.
b. ACR. abirb.com/test

c. DICOM.
d. TCP/IP.
ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the use of DICOM in medaibcirabl.ciomma/tgesint g.

31. The first version of DICOM was completed in

a. 1975. abirb.com/test
b. 1985.
c. 1995.
d. 2005.
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the use of DICOM in medical imaging.

abirb.com/test
32. Devices commonly referred to as roles include
abirb.com/test
a. DICOM.
b. SCU.
c. ACR.
d. MRI. abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the use of DICOM in medical imaging.

33. DICOM was considered better than previous exchange mechanisms for all but which one of
the following? abirb.com/test

a. It runs on top of TCP/IP.

b. It required strict image header contents.
c. It did not require a conformance system. abirb.com/test
d. It embraced an open standard of
development.
ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the use of DICOM in medical imaging.
abirb.com/test
34. Which of the following is not one of the 20 parts of the DICOM standard?
a. Conformance
b. Message exchange
c. Data thesaurus abirb.com/test

d. Data structures
ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the use of DICOM in medical imaging.
abirb.com/test

35. The part of DICOM that ensures that modalities can communicate with existing
image-viewing devices is
a. conformance statement. abirb.com/test
b. message exchange.
c. data dictionary.
d. data structures.
abirb.com/test
ANS: A OBJ: Discuss the use of DICOM in medical imaging.

36. Lossy compression is used to

a. increase image detail. abirb.com/test

b. decrease compression values.

c. shrink file size.
d. reduce image degradation. abirb.com/test

ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the use of DICOM in medical imaging.

37. The standard that oversees most computerized clinical andabairdbm.coimn/itsetsrt ative data is
known as
a. DICOM.
b. HL-7.
c. RIS.
d. HIS. abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Define HL-7 and describe its use in medical imaging.

38. RIS is specific to abirb.com/test

a. the patient.

abirb.com/test
 b. radiology.
c. the hospital.
abirb.com/test
d. patient billing.

ANS: B OBJ: Define HL-7 and describe its use in medical imaging.

39. The system that holds a specific patient’s lab results, radioalboirgby.corme/pteosrt ts, and
physician notes is the
a. RIS.
b. HIS.
c. electronic medical record (EMR). abirb.com/test

d. picture archival and communication system (PACS).

ANS: C OBJ: Define HL-7 and describe its use in medical imaging.
abirb.com/test

40. The system that contains patient information, billing records, and inpatient orders is the
a. RIS.
b. HIS. abirb.com/test
c. EMR.
d. PACS.
ANS: B OBJ: Define HL-7 and describe its use ianbimrb.ecodmic/taelstimaging.

Chapter 09: Picture Archiving and Communication System Fundamentals Carter:

Digital Radiography and PACS, 3rd Edition
abirb.com/test

MULTIPLE CHOICE
abirb.com/test
1. The acronym PACS stands for system.
a. picture archival and control
b. picture archival and communication
abirb.com/test
c. physical archive and communication
d. physical archive and compression

ANS: B OBJ: Define picture archival and communication system (PACS).

abirb.com/test
2. A PACS consists of

1. image acquisition.
2. display workstation.
3. archive servers.
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D OBJ: Define PACS.
 abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test
abirb.com/test

3. A universally accepted standard for exchanging medical imaging via a networked set
of display workstations, archive, and imaging modalities is
abirb.com/test
a. HIPAA.
b. DICOM.
c. HL-7.
d. All of the above abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Define PACS.

4. Reading images on a computer screen is known as r e p o r t i ng.

abirb .c o m /t e s t
a. soft copy
b. hard copy
c. computer
abirb.com/test
d. Both A and B
ANS: A OBJ: Define picture archival and communication system (PACS).

5. Any computer that a health care worker uses to view a digaibtairlb.icmoma/tgeest is a(n)
a. archive.
b. Web server.
c. image manager. abirb.com/test
d. display workstation.
ANS: D OBJ: Compare and contrast the various types of PACS display workstations.
abirb.com/test

abirb.com/test
 6. Which part of the PACS houses all of the historic digital image data along with the current
digital data being generated by the modalities?
a. Archive abirb.com/test
b. Display workstation
c. File room
d. Review workstation
abirb.com/test
ANS: A OBJ: Define picture archival and communication system (PACS).

7. The acronym RIS stands for system.

a. radiology integrated abirb.com/test

b. redundant information
c. radiology information
d. reading integrated abirb.com/test

ANS: C OBJ: Differentiate among the different types of digital imaging workflow.

8. Which of the following are considered PACS architecturesa?birb.com/test

1. Distributed system
2. Client/server-based system abirb.com/test
3. Web-based system
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
abirb.com/test
c. 1 and 2
d. 1, 2, and 3

ANS: D OBJ: Define system architecture and recognize the three major models.
abirb.com/test
9. Which of the following would be considered advantages of a client/server-based system?

1. Any image can be seen anywhere without interventions.

2. Even if the archive goes down, images can still be seen aabtirba.lclowm/oterskt stations.
3. Only one person can open a study with the intent to read it, and others will be told that the
study is being read by someone else.
a. 1 and 2 abirb.com/test
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: Define system architecture and recognize the three major models.

10. Which of the following would be considered disadvantages of a client/server-based system?

abirb.com/test

1. The archive is considered a single point of

failure.
2. The system depends on the network. abirb.com/test

3. Each workstation has a different worklist.

a. 1 only
b. 3 only abirb.com/test
c. 1 and 2
d. 1 and 3

abirb.com/test
 ANS: C OBJ: Define system architecture and recognize the three major models.

11. In which system architecture do the acquisition modalitiesasbierbn.cdomth/teeisrt images

directly to a designated workstation?
a. Client/server-based system
b. Distributed system
c. Web-based system abirb.com/test

d. Image manager system

ANS: B OBJ: Define system architecture and recognize the three major models.
abirb.com/test

12. Which of the following would be considered advantages of a distributed system?

1. Any images can be seen anywhere without any intervenatbioirbn.cso. m/test

2. Even if the archive goes down, images can still be seen at all workstations.
3. The system is less dependent on the network for its speed.
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3 abirb.com/test

c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C OBJ: Define system architecture and recaobigrbn.cizome /ttheset three major
models.

13. Which of the following would be considered disadvantages of a distributed system?

abirb.com/test
1. There is a heavy reliance that the images are being sent to the correct locations.
2. The archive is considered a single point of failure.
3. Each workstation has a different worklist.
a. 1 and 2 abirb.com/test

b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3 abirb.com/test

ANS: B OBJ: Define system architecture and recognize the three major models.

14. In which system architecture do the images and applicatioanbisrbo.cfotwm/aterset reside

on a central server?
a. Client/server-based system
b. Distributed system
c. Web-based system abirb.com/test

d. Image manager system

ANS: C OBJ: Define system architecture and recognize the three major models.
abirb.com/test

15. What term is used to describe the reading of images outside of the hospital walls, generally
at home or in remote locations?
a. Teleradiology abirb.com/test
b. Offsite reporting
c. Long-range reporting
d. Home-based reading
abirb.com/test
ANS: A OBJ: Define system architecture and recognize the three major models.

abirb.com/test

16. Which is the most interactive part of a PACS? a. Archive

 b. Image manager
abirb.com/test
c. Web server
d. Display workstation

abirb.com/test
ANS: D OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

17. What factors might be used when determining the best type of monitor for each workstation?
abirb.com/test

1. Resolution
2. Size
3. Monitor orientation abirb.com/test

a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3 abirb.com/test
d. 1, 2, and 3

ANS: D OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

18. Which term best describes a basic picture element on a disapbliraby.c?om/test

a. Matrix
b. Pixel
c. Dot pitch abirb.com/test
d. Resolution
ANS: B OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.
abirb.com/test
19. The number of pixels contained on a display is known as
a. matrix.
b. pixel. abirb.com/test
c. resolution.
d. dot pitch.

ANS: C OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

abirb.com/test

20. If the number of increase(s) on a monitor, resolution .

a. pixels; decreases
b. matrices; decreases abirb.com/test
c. pixels; improves
d. dot pitch; improves
ANS: C OBJ: Summarize the common
functionsabfiorbu.cnodmo/tnesat PACS workstation.

21. A square table of numbers that represents the intensity to be displayed on the monitor is a
a. matrix.
b. pixel. abirb.com/test

c. resolution.
d. dot pitch.
ANS: A OBJ: Summarize the common
functionsabfiorbu.cnodmo/tnesat PACS workstation.

abirb.com/test
22. Which of the following would be considered categories for display workstations?

1. Primary reading abirb.com/test

2. Technologist QC
3. Archive server
a. 1 only abirb.com/test
b. 1 and 2
c. 1 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
abirb.com/test
ANS: B OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

23. Which workstation is used to review images after acquisition but before being sent off for
reporting? abirb.com/test
a. Primary reading
b. Referring physician
c. Technologist QC
abirb.com/test
d. Image management
ANS: C OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

24. Which workstation might be used to print copies of imageasboirbr.cboumr/ntesitmages to a CD for

outside use?
a. Primary reading
b. Referring physician abirb.com/test
c. Technologist QC
d. Image management
ANS: D OBJ: Summarize the common functionsabfiorbu.cnodmo/tnesat PACS
workstation.

25. Which of the following would be considered categories of workstation functions?

1. Navigation abirb.com/test
2. Image manipulation and enhancement
3. Image management
a. 1 and 2
abirb.com/test
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
abirb.com/test
ANS: D OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

26. Which set of functions is used to move through images, series, studies, and patients?
a. Navigation abirb.com/test

b. Image management
c. Image manipulation and enhancement
d. Advanced workstation abirb.com/test

ANS: A OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

27. Which function determines how images are displayed on tahbeirbm.coomn/itetostr(s)?

a. Series navigation

abirb.com/test
 b. Hanging protocol
c. Flip and rotate
abirb.com/test
d. All of the above

ANS: B OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

28. Which function allows the user to move through a series oafbiirmb.caogme/tsesftrame by frame?
a. Pan and zoom
b. Hanging protocol
c. Cine
abirb.com/test
d. Both A and B
ANS: C OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

29. Which function represents the range of gray values that areabbirbe.icnomg/tveiset wed on the
monitor?
a. Window
b. Level
c. Contrast abirb.com/test
d. Density
ANS: A OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.
abirb.com/test
30. Which function can be used to orient the image in the anatomic hanging position?
a. Pan and zoom
b. ROI
c. Annotations abirb.com/test

d. Flip and rotate

ANS: D OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.
abirb.com/test

31. Which function increases the size of an area on the image?

a. Pan and zoom
b. ROI abirb.com/test
c. Annotations
d. Flip and rotate
ANS: A OBJ: Summarize the common functionsabfiorbu.cnodmo/tnesat PACS workstation.

32. Which of the following measurements are commonly found on a PACS workstation?

1. ROI abirb.com/test
2. Distance
3. Angle
a. 1 and 2
abirb.com/test
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3
abirb.com/test
ANS: D OBJ: Summarize the common functions found on a PACS workstation.

33. Which advanced workstation function can reconstruct images into another plane?
a. MPR abirb.com/test

b. MIP

abirb.com/test
 c. VRT
d. SSD
abirb.com/test
ANS: A

OBJ: Describe the situations and users that may require advanced PACS workstation functions.

34. Which advanced function is used most often in computed atobimrb.ocogmr/atepsht y to

visualize contrast medium-filled vessels separate from the surrounding tissue?
a. MPR
b. MIP
c. MinIP abirb.com/test

d. SSD
ANS: B
OBJ: Describe the situations and users that may require advanacbeirdb.PcoAmC/teSstworkstation
functions.

35. Which advanced function uses a histogram-type graph to differentiate various structures using
different colors that represent each of the intensities in theaibmirba.cgoem?/test
a. MPR
b. MIP
c. VRT
d. SSD abirb.com/test

ANS: C
OBJ: Describe the situations and users that may require advanced PACS workstation functions.
abirb.com/test
36. Which advanced function allows the user to remove all tissue above and below a
certain threshold and to show the object in three-dimensions for better visualization?
a. MPR abirb.com/test

b. MIP
c. MinIP
d. SSD abirb.com/test

ANS: D
OBJ: Describe the situations and users that may require advanced PACS workstation functions.

37. Which advanced function allows the user to put multiple iambiarbg.ceosmt/otegstether into
one single image, such as in a scoliosis series?
a. Image post processing
b. MPR
c. Stitching abirb.com/test

d. VRT
ANS: C
abirb.com/test
OBJ: Describe the situations and users that may require advanced PACS workstation functions.

TRUE/FALSE abirb.com/test

1. Early PACS radiologists believed that they needed four to six monitors to view images.

ANS: T OBJ: Summarize the common

functionsabfiorbu.cnodmo/tnesat
abirb.com/test
PACS workstation.
2. Digital annotations may be used to indicate the right or left side of the patient.

ANS: F OBJ: Summarize the common PACS workstation.

functionsabfiorbu.cnodmo/tnesat

3. Incorrect patient demographic information is unimportant in a PACS.

ANS: F OBJ: Summarize the common functionsabfiorbu.cnodmo/tnesat PACS

workstation.