12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
Exam in Solar Energy
[email protected] Switch account Draft saved
Questions based from topics in Solar Energy
Questions are presented in Multiple-Choice Question or Multiple-Answer Question.
What distinguishes lithium-ion batteries from other types in terms of
characteristics?
They have high energy density, longer cycle life, and lightweight design.
They have a long cycle life and high discharge rate capability.
They are made from multiple crystal structures.
They are known for their scalability and potentially longer cycle life.
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 1/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
What role do charge controllers play in a PV system, and how do MPPT charge
controllers differ from PWM charge controllers?
Charge controllers convert DC to AC; MPPT controllers have load control
functionality, while PWM controllers are suitable for systems with consistent
shading conditions.
Charge controllers manage the electrical load connected to the system; MPPT
controllers continuously adjust the operating point of the solar panels to ensure
maximum power output, while PWM controllers work with wind turbines.
Charge controllers regulate the flow of electricity between PV modules and inverters;
MPPT controllers optimize the entire PV array, while PWM controllers switch
between full charging voltage and zero voltage.
Charge controllers prevent overcharging and prolong battery life; MPPT controllers
track the maximum power point of the panels under varying conditions, while PWM
controllers regulate the voltage provided to the battery by rapidly switching between
full charging voltage and zero voltage.
Clear selection
What is the primary function of charge controllers in a PV system?
To regulate the charging and discharging of batteries.
To convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC).
To improve the quality of electricity generated.
To combine multiple strings of solar panels into a single output.
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 2/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
What is the characteristic of molten salt storage in solar thermal systems?
It changes the temperature of a material without changing its phase.
It involves a mixture of salts retaining heat at high temperatures.
It uses reversible chemical reactions for heat storage.
It changes the phase of a material to store thermal energy.
Clear selection
Which collector type is commonly used in solar water heating systems for
residential and commercial applications?
Concentrating Collectors
Evacuated Tube Collectors
Integral Collector-Storage Systems
Flat-Plate Collectors
Clear selection
How can renewable technologies address energy poverty in remote or underserved
regions?
Through scalable solutions like off-grid solar and decentralized systems
By promoting reliance on fossil fuels in these regions
By increasing dependence on centralized energy grids
By limiting access to energy in remote areas
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 3/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
Why do crystalline silicon solar cells dominate the market?
Because they are not affected by external conditions
Due to their low efficiency
Due to their reliability and efficiency
Because of their flexibility
Clear selection
Which type of solar thermal collector is known for achieving higher temperatures
by focusing sunlight onto a smaller area?
Concentrating Collectors
Integral Collector-Storage Systems
Evacuated Tube Collectors
Flat-Plate Collectors
Clear selection
How does diversifying the energy mix with renewables enhance energy security?
By importing more fossil fuels from geopolitically stable regions
By relying solely on a single energy source
By decreasing the use of renewables in the energy mix
By decentralizing and locally sourcing renewable energy
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 4/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
Why is CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenide) used in thin-film solar cells, and
what distinguishes it from other materials?
CIGS has a high absorption coefficient and flexibility
CIGS is cost-effective but not flexible
CIGS has a low absorption coefficient and is rigid
CIGS is only suitable for small-scale applications
Clear selection
How does the choice of inverter relate to the PV system's design?
Inverters optimize the placement and orientation of PV modules.
Inverters match the capacity of the PV array.
Inverters determine the economic viability of the system.
Inverters evaluate the upfront costs of the project.
Clear selection
What role does the p-n junction play in the photovoltaic conversion process?
It increases reflection in solar cells, enhancing light absorption.
It blocks the flow of electrons, preventing electricity generation.
It establishes an electric field that facilitates the separation of charge carriers,
allowing the flow of electrons when sunlight strikes the semiconductor.
It creates an anti-reflective coating to maximize light absorption.
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 5/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
What does the zenith angle represent, and when is it zero?
The compass direction from which sunlight is coming; it is zero when the Sun is in
the south.
The angle between the Sun and the Earth's equator; it is zero during the equinox.
The time since solar noon; it is zero at solar noon.
The angle between the Sun and a line perpendicular to the Earth's surface; it is zero
when the Sun is directly overhead.
Clear selection
What has contributed to the competitiveness of solar energy with traditional
sources?
Rising greenhouse gas emissions
Escalating levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for solar
Increased dependence on fossil fuels
Advancements in solar technology reducing production costs
Clear selection
What makes solar energy a prominent renewable source?
Limited availability during the night
Dependence on fossil fuels for production
Its association with wind energy
Abundance and sustainability derived from the sun
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 6/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
What is the photovoltaic effect, and how is it initiated within semiconductor
materials?
It is the reflection of sunlight from semiconductor materials; it occurs when light
particles strike the semiconductor.
It is the reduction of light absorption in solar cells; it occurs when photons strike the
semiconductor.
It is the generation of an electric current in response to sunlight; it occurs when
photons strike semiconductor materials, creating electron-hole pairs.
It is the conversion of electricity into sunlight; it occurs when electrons are excited
within the semiconductor.
Clear selection
What advantage do bifacial solar cells have over traditional solar cells?
Bifacial cells utilize organic compounds.
Bifacial cells are more flexible.
Bifacial cells are less efficient.
Bifacial cells can capture sunlight from both the front and rear sides, enhancing
energy yield.
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 7/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
How do microinverters differ from string inverters?
Microinverters are primarily used in off-grid systems.
Microinverters connect to multiple strings and are suitable for large-scale
installations.
Microinverters connect multiple PV modules in series.
Microinverters are installed on each PV module, allowing for independent operation.
Clear selection
What is the primary focus of ongoing research regarding perovskite solar cells?
Developing new materials for solar cells
Achieving low-cost manufacturing and enhancing efficiency
Increasing the cost of manufacturing
Reducing efficiency
Clear selection
Which type of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) system uses parabolic-shaped
mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver tube running along the focal line?
Solar Tower Systems
Solar Dish Systems
Parabolic Trough Systems
Fresnel Reflectors
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 8/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
What is a characteristic feature of thin-film solar cells?
They use various materials, offering flexibility and integration into different surfaces.
They are known for their high power output.
They are limited to specific applications.
They are made exclusively of monocrystalline silicon.
Clear selection
How does transitioning to renewable sources contribute to lessen climate change?
By reducing reliance on renewable energy
By offering a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to burning fossil fuels
By increasing the use of fossil fuels
By releasing more greenhouse gases
Clear selection
What is the function of the back contact in a solar cell?
To enhance light absorption in the semiconductor layer
To establish an electric field within the semiconductor
To complete the circuit for the generated electricity to be utilized by collecting
electrons.
To create an anti-reflective coating for maximizing light absorption
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 9/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
What characteristic distinguishes renewable sources like solar and wind from finite
fossil fuels in terms of resource conservation?
They require the burning of fossil fuels for production
They harness Earth's natural processes without depleting finite resources
They have a limited impact on resource conservation
They deplete finite resources at a faster rate
Clear selection
In off-grid or hybrid PV systems, what is the function of energy storage systems?
To store excess electricity generated during sunny periods.
To improve the quality of electricity generated.
To regulate the charging and discharging of batteries.
To convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC).
Clear selection
What is the purpose of tracking systems in a PV system?
To improve the quality of electricity generated.
To provide support and position the PV modules.
To adjust the position of PV modules to follow the sun, maximizing sunlight
exposure.
To regulate the charging and discharging of batteries.
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 10/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
Which CSP system uses an array of mirrors (heliostats) to reflect sunlight onto a
receiver at the top of a tower?
Fresnel Reflectors
Parabolic Trough Systems
Solar Tower Systems
Solar Dish Systems
Clear selection
Why is the hour angle crucial for determining the optimal tilt and orientation of
solar panels?
It represents how high the Sun is in the sky.
It indicates the position of the Sun in the sky, affecting the angle of incidence of
solar radiation.
It determines the compass direction from which sunlight is coming.
It measures the time since solar noon.
Clear selection
What is the primary function of inverters in a PV system?
To manage multiple sources of energy, including wind turbines or generators.
To regulate the charging and discharging of batteries.
To convert direct current (DC) generated by PV modules into alternating current (AC).
To support and position the PV modules.
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 11/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
In which example is molten salt storage as a component of solar thermal storage?
The Gemasolar CSP plant in Spain
The CRETE (Concrete for Thermal Energy Storage) project
Solar water heaters with PCM-filled containers
Using paraffin wax as a PCM in solar water heating systems
Clear selection
What is the solar declination, and how does it vary throughout the year?
The angle between the Sun and the Earth's equator; it remains constant year-round.
The angle between the Sun and the Earth's equator; it varies due to the tilt of the
Earth's axis, impacting sunlight at different latitudes.
The angle between the Sun and a line perpendicular to the Earth's surface; it changes
with the Earth's rotation.
The time since solar noon; it varies with latitude.
Clear selection
What factors are considered in properly sizing a PV system?
Financial incentives and payback period.
Solar resource availability and shading.
Energy demand, available sunlight, and component efficiency.
Inverter selection and system functionality.
Clear selection
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 12/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
What is the primary purpose of a thorough site assessment in PV system design?
Evaluating financial incentives for the project.
Assessing the economic viability of the system.
Determining the capacity of the PV system.
Optimal placement and orientation of PV modules.
Clear selection
What is the primary purpose of combiner boxes in a PV system?
To combine multiple strings of solar panels into a single output.
To adjust the position of solar panels to follow the sun.
To regulate the charging and discharging of batteries.
To convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC).
Clear selection
How is thermal efficiency calculated for a solar thermal collector?
The percentage of collector area exposed to sunlight.
The ratio of useful heat output to solar radiation absorbed.
The temperature increase achieved by the collector.
The ratio of absorbed sunlight to collector design.
Clear selection
Back Submit Clear form
Never submit passwords through Google Forms.
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 13/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
This form was created outside of your domain. Report Abuse - Terms of Service - Privacy Policy
Forms
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 14/15
12/10/23, 1:55 PM Exam in Solar Energy
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhI81BuFt1KA-G-ZBvrbzLEcUXyKbk56mBxrk1S4eF_u6wtw/formResponse 15/15
