Unit 9.

CHOOSING A CAREER
Part I. PHONETICS
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three
in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. tedious B. secure C. temporary D. rewarding
2. A. enthusiastic B. smooth C. southern D. trustworthy
3. A. tertiary B. trustworthy C. tempting D. shortlist
4. A. pension B. commission C. passion D. decision
5. A. shortlist B. temporary C. afford D. accordingly
6. A. rewarding B. gap C. application D. shadow
7. A. tedious B. require C. secure D. recruit
8. A. grips B. journalist C. result D. pursue
9. A. scientist B. advisor C. architect D. applicant
10. A. applicant B. fascinating C. mature D. ambition
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
the primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. geography B. evacuate C. emergency D. temporary
2. A. career B. response C. downside D. mature
3. A. scatter B. earthquake C. collapse D. mudslide
4. A. examination B. exciting C. experience D. expert
5. A. university B. managerial C. opportunity D. enthusiastic
6. A. rewarding B. fascinating C. tedious D. challenging
7. A. prospect B. reference C. promoted D. interview
8. A. unemployment B. economics C. manufacture D. responsible
9. A. workforce B. high-flyer C. handshake D. headhunt
10. A. commuter B. commitment C. employee D. attendant
Part II. VOCABULARY
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. I was only absent ____ the office for a few minutes!
A. for B. from C. in D. about
2. The ____ for this position starts at thirty thousand euros per year.
A. wage B. payment C. salary D. tip
3. Shelley disagreed with the board's decision so she ____ and went to work for another company.
A. retired B. fired C. sacked D. resigned
4. Being a flight attendant is a ____ job. You may have to work long hours on long haul flights and not get enough
sleep.
A. tedious B. demanding C. rewarding D. fascinating
5. I think that doing medical research would be really ____ because this job would save people's lives.
A. challenging B. tiresome C. rewarding D. monotonous
6. I am writing in ____ to your advertisement on Vietnamework.com for the post of a personal assistant.
A. connection B. association C. relation D . response
7. Some people ____ to London every day from as far away as Leeds.
A. connect B. commute C. commence D. correspond
8. When the factory closed, over a hundred people were ____ redundant.
A. made B. given C. taken D. done
9. Most governments tax people on the amount of money they ____ each year.
A. win B. gain C. earn D. benefit
10. After working at the same company for thirty years, my grandfather was looking forward to his ____.
A. overtime B. pension C. charity D. allowance
11. Who is responsible ____ dealing with complaints?
A. with B. for C. in D. at
12. Success in this industry depends a lot ____ luck!
A. with B. from C. at D. on
13. Don't you think you should apply for the job ____ writing?
A. with B. for C. at D. in
14. Have you had any news about that ____ you applied for yet?
A. work B. job C. career D. vacancy
15. In some professions, you have to ____ when you're 60 or 65 years old.
A. resign B. terminate C. retire D. dismiss
16. The covering letter wasn't attached ____ the CV.
A. to B. with C. from D. by
17. I'd like to speak to the person in ____ please.
A. duty B. responsibility C. obligation D. charge
18. When you ____ the interview, remember to bring some sample of your work.
A. apply B. join C. attend D. make
19. I would be grateful for an opportunity to visit your company and discuss my application with you ____.
A. in privacy B. individually C. privately D. in person
20. If my application is successful, I will be able to start work from 15th of August when I finish all my exams. I am
____ my CV with this letter.
A. sending B. attaching C. closing D. enclosing
21. Whatever your decision, bear in mind that most people change ____ paths up to five times during their lifetime.
A. occupation B. career C. job D. vocation
22. For careers that truly interest you, consider asking each person if you can ____ him or her at work.
A. shadow B. monitor C. follow D. search
23. If you're required to fill out an application form, you'll still need to ____ the best way to present your skills and
experience.
A. work out B. come up C. exercise D. make out
24. The life of a journalist can be both ____ and ____.
A. interesting - excited B. demanding - excited C. tedious - exciting D. demanding - exciting
25. She is acting in an ____ role in the administration.
A. advisable B. advisement C. advisory D. advisor
26. A positive workplace ____ encourages creativity because employees feel that their ideas will contribute to the
success of the organization.
A. emotion B. position C. confidence D. attitude
27. The old farmer nodded, ____ he had understood every word.
A. as though B. although C. as D. so
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
1. As he lived in a small town outside the city, he had to commute every day.
A. take a bus to work B. drive to work
C. take a lift to work D. travel a long way to and from work
2. The atmosphere at work was so bad that Brian eventually decided to hand in his notice.
A. notify the boss B. apply for another job C. give up his job D. be given a better job
3. My boss has a reputation for being such a slave-driver!
A. working overtime B. working excessively hard
C. being slave to work D. making his staff work too hard
4. There are excellent prospects for promotion, and you'll know you're doing something to benefit society.
A. opportunities B. likelihoods C. futures D. potentials
5. We want to recruit the brightest and the best. If you think you fit the bill, fill in an application form today.
A. are able to pay the bill B. are suitable C. are of the right size D. are excellent
6. I am available for an interview all afternoons, except on Tuesday because I am doing a computer course to
improve my typing skills.
A. willing B. free C. impatient D. longing
7. Finally, Amy decided to quit her job as she couldn't stand doing the same things days in days out. It's so
monotonous!
A. easy B. low-paid C. tedious D. secure
8. Lucy has just finished her A levels and she has got a place at university, but she would really like a break from
the academic world. Therefore, she decides to take a gap year and travel around the world!
A. a year off B. a year out C. a year away D. a year's trip 122
9. The experience from an adventurous expedition to a rainforest will broaden your horizons and teach you new
skills.
A. expand your range of interests and knowledge B. open your views
C. widen your eyes D. be an eye-opener
10. I consider myself to be trustworthy, responsible and enthusiastic.
A. worthwhile B. talented C. honest D. skilled
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. You are expected to ask the prospective candidates a technical question to judge their ability.
 A. potential B. possible C. aspiring D. former
2. Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize
their potential.
A. misunderstandings B. accidents C. incidentals D. misfortunes
3. With many companies having to downsize in tough economic items, the outsourcing and contracting of
freelance workers online has become common business practice.
A. take on more staff B. lay off their employees
C. close down their branches D. notify to break down
4. The Internet provides an infinite pool of buyers from around the world with whom freelancers can contract their
services.
A. quite a few B. many a C. a wide variety of D. a limited number of
5. Most, not to say all, off the employers want to look for candidates with punctuality, so make sure you make a
positive impression on them by showing up on time for the interview.
A. good time management B. ability to meet deadlines C. being late D. being in time
6. Well, I want to go straight to university, but I'm also thinking of applying for a temporary job in the summer.
A. part-time B. full-time C. permanent D. seasonal
7. John was promoted last month for being such a committed worker.
A. dishonest B. irresponsible C. unenthusiastic D. unreliable
8. With so many breakthroughs in robotic science and technology, much manual work will soon be taken over by
robots.
A. intellectual work B. physical work C. monotonous work D. dull work
9. I'd go mad if I had to do a dead-end job like working on a supermarket checkout.
A. boring B. monotonous C. fascinating D. demanding
10. He's just so flexible. He'll adapt to any situation.
A. adaptable B. rigid C. intelligent D. autonomous
Part III. GRAMMAR
Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. Helen usually ____ her childhood with great pleasure.
A. talks back to B. thinks back on C. turns back to D. falls back on
2. One member of the project group ____ the boss and was fired immediately.
A. came up against B. came up with C. talked back to D. put up with
3. The government is trying not to ____ the money they are spending on vocational training.
A. drop out of B. drop in on C. go on with D. cut down on
4. My grandparents often ____ us without warning.
A. drop in on B. keep up with C. drop out of D. catch up with
5. Linda was about to take a part-time job, but she decided to ____ her studies instead.
A. keep up with B. go on with C. get on with D. drop out of
6. Many students ____ school to set up their own businesses and become self-employed.
A. move out of B. cut down on C. drop out of D. drop in on
7. I'm searching for websites offering career advice so that I can ____ a plan.
A. come up against B. come up with C. draw up with D. come across with
8. I'm so ____ under with work at the moment - it's awful.
A. iced B. rained C. snowed D. fogged
9. The company's announced it's ____ off over 1,000 workers.
A. leaving B. laying C. setting D. giving
10. The job offer was too good for him to ____ down.
A. put B. cut C. turn D. shut
11. I'm not sure I'm doing it right, but I'll try to ____ ahead with it anyway.
A. drive B. bang C. touch D. press
12. Could you lend me some money to ____ me over to the end of the month?
A. hand B. tie C. get D. make
13. I was ____ in for the actual manager while she was away on maternity leave.
A. heading B. staying C. standing D. sitting
14. Over three hundred workers were made redundant because they had to ____ one factory.
A. pull down B. cut down C. take down D. close down
15. The company I'm working for at the moment is planning to expand, so they're ____ new staff.
A. taking on B. bringing in C. carrying on to D. pulling in
16. At the meeting, someone brought ____ the subject pre-school education.
A. in B. on C. up D. out
17. It's taking me longer to get ____ the operation than I thought.
A. through B. by C. up from D. over
18. When the princess kissed the frog, it turned ____ a handsome prince.
A. into B. up C. out D. over
19. You shouldn't stay at home so much. Get ____ and make new friends.
A. by B. out C. over D. away
20. His teenage daughter is driving him crazy. He can't __ her moods, her music, and her constant demand for money.
A. keep up with B. go on with C. put up with D. put up to
21. It'll take me three years to ____ up enough money to travel round the country.
A. pay B. take C. put D. save
22. You must walk slowly if you want the children to ____ with.
А. keep up B. go on C. keep on D. come up
23. I ____ everything in my bag three times but my keys were nowhere to be found.
A. went out B. went over C. looked for D. looked at
24. It was the third time in six months that the bank had been held ____.
A. over B. down C. up D. out
25. It was so foggy that the climbers couldn't ____ out the nearby shelter.
A. run B. take C. break D. make
26. They are thinking of bringing ____ a law to make cyclists wear helmets.
A. on B. up C. in D. round
27. I take ____ everything I said about Paul. I realize now that it wasn't true.
A. on B. over C. in D. back
28. Although I'd never made a sandwich before, my first attempt turned ____ quite well.
A. over B. up C. out D. into
29. I always run ____ of money before the end of the month.
A. out B. back C. up D. down
30. Can you remember the first time you ____ in love?
A. felt B. went C. fell D. found
31. She's gradually getting ____ a bad cold, which kept her off work for a week.
A. over B. up C. on D. into
32. It is important to make your CV or curriculum vitae to ____ out from the crowd.
A. stand B. get C. keep D. sit
33. There's a rumor that the National Bank is going to take ____ the company I work for.
A. on B. off C. over D. after
34. When they ____ for the beach the sun was shining, but by the time they arrived it had clouded over.
A. went out B. went off C. set off D. left out
35. When the alarm clock went off, Tom just turned ____ and went back to sleep.
A. down B. out C. up D. over
36. I'd love to get ____ from this place for a few days. I really feel I need a break.
A. out B. away C. over D. down
37. The smell of floor polish still brings ____ memories of my old school.
A. on B. up C. back D. over
38. I've just spent two weeks looking ____ an old aunt of mine who's been ill.
A. at B. for C. out for D. after
39. As soon as I got home from work, I changed ____ casual clothes.
A. to B. into C. in D. for
40. The teacher carried ____ his threat to suspend Tom for his repeated absence from class.
A. on with B. on C. out D. over
Exercise 7. Mark the letter A. B. C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. It was ____ windy that I couldn't stand up!
A. so B. such C. enough D. too
2. They were ____ beautiful shoes that I decided I had to get them.
A. enough B. too C. so D. such
3. Emma and Karen used to be ____ good friends that I'm surprised they don't get on now.
A. so B. enough C. such D. too
4. Tina had ____ much paper work to do that she didn't know where to begin.
A. too B. so C. such D. enough
5. ____ already busy in February, I would gladly accept your invitation.
A. Was I not B. Were I not C. If I am not D. Unless I was not
6. He behaved as if nothing ____.
A. has happened B. would happen C. was happening D. had happened
7. Do what you like ____ you don't make any noise.
A. provided B. if C. unless D. suppose
8. We'd better leave early tomorrow ____ there's a lot of traffic when we get to London.
A. unless B. so long as C. in case D. if
9. Why were you acting ____ you hadn't seen the boss?
A. the way B. as though C. like D. as
10. He ran ____ he could to catch up with her.
A. more quickly than B. quicker than C. as quick as D. as quickly as
Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. It would have been better if you wouldn't have taken a year out in the first place.
A B C D
2. Suppose you haven't found your USB, what would you have done?
A B C D
3. Although her friends tried to persuade her to apply for the job at a local factory, but Christine refused to
A B C D
make an application.
4. If Mariana been able to complete her thesis instead of returning to work, she would have graduated a year ago.
A B C D
5. A year out provided him with so extensive experience that his university was very impressed.
A B C D
6. You can leave early this morning in case you promise to make up this afternoon.
A B C D
7. Oil and gas prices have raised so rapidly in the past few months that some commuters have been forced to
A B C D
alter their travelling habits.
8. Scarlet could type much faster than anyone else in the office does.
A B C D
9. Last year, the company went bankrupt so sudden that everyone was taken by surprise.
A B C D
10. We have such a lot of bills to pay we don't have any money for luxuries.
A B C D
Part IV. SPEAKING
Exercise 9. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.
1. "Why don't you wear trainers to work?" “____”
A. My boss doesn't want to. B. We aren't allowed to.
C. We aren't let wear. D. My boss makes me not to.
2. “Would you mind telling me where he works?” “ ____”
A. Yes, I would. B. Never mind. C. No, of course not. D. Well, he works in a hospital.
3. "How's your new car?" “____”
A. More fast than my old one. B. As fast as possible.
C. Much faster than my old one. D. Most fast so far.
4. “What are you going to do after leaving school?“ “____”
A. I'd like to take a year out and travel abroad. B. My dream job is becoming a journalist.
C. Well, I love taking care of kids. D. I'm going to drop out of school.
5. “What's your dream job?" "____”
A. I want to gain work experience first. B. I've always wanted to be a doctor.
C. I want to be successful. D. I'd like to go straight into university.
6. “What qualities do you have that make you a suitable candidate for this post?” “____”
A. Well, I have a lot of qualifications that match.
B. I'm highly qualified for the post.
C. I used to work in a similar position for two years.
D. I consider myself to be trustworthy, responsible and punctual.
7. “Do you like my jacket? It's made of pure silk." "____”
A. You're such a show off! B. No, not for me.
C. Really? It must have cost you a fortune. D. Yes, give it to me.
8. “What do you do for a living?” “____”
A. I live by working as a secretary. B. I live a happy life, thank you.
C. I earn enough for a living. D. I am a secretary.
9. “How much do you earn in your new job?” “____”
A. That's a bit nosey of you! B. You shouldn't ask that.
C. I'm not your slave! D. You can be so bossy at times!
10. "I think Mark took some money from my bag while we were out.” “____”
A. No, he's far too sensible to do a thing like that.
B. No, he's much too shy to do a thing like that.
C. No, he's far too honest to do a thing like that.
D. No, he's much too proud to do a thing like that.
11. “____” “Tall and fair, pretty, cheerful-looking.”
A. How is Mandy? B. What does Mandy look like?
C. How does Mandy like? D. What is Mandy like?
12. “Would you like some spaghetti?” “____ I'm full.”
A. Yes, please. B. No, thanks. C. Yes, I would. D. No, I wouldn't.
13. “How's the new job? Does it pay well?” “____”
A. Not too bad. I get £400 a week after tax. B. I make a lot more.
C. I get a rise. D. I earn pretty good money.
14. “Who are you working for at the moment?” “ ____”
A. I work for my boss. B. I'm my own boss. C. I'm working in IT. D. I'm an employer.
15. "It usually costs £150, but I got it for £75 in the sale!" " ____"
A. Lucky you. B. Really? You are so lucky. C. It's a real bargain! D. I'm not that lucky.
Part V. READING
Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
CRITICISM
It can take a long time to become successful in your chosen field, however (1) ____ you are. One thing you
have to be (2) ____of is that you will face criticism along the way. The world is full of people who would rather
say something negative than positive. If you've made up your (3) ____ to achieve a certain goal, such as writing a
novel, don't let the negative criticism of others (4) ____ you from reaching your target, and let constructive
criticism have positive (5) ____ on your work. If someone says you're totally (6) ____ in talent, ignore them. That's
negative criticism. If, however, someone (7) ____ you to revise your work and gives you good reasons for doing
so, you should (8) ____ their suggestions carefully. There are many film stars who were once out of (9) ____.
There are many famous novelists who made a complete (10) ____ of their first novel - or who didn't, but had to
(11) ____ approaching hundreds of publishers before they could get it published. Being successful does depend on
luck, to a certain extent. But things are more likely to (12) ____ well if you persevere and stay positive.
1. A. talented B. invested C. mixed D. workable
2. A. alert B. clever C. intelligent D. aware
3. A. mind B. brain C. thought D. idea
4. A. cease B. remove C. avoid D. prevent
5. A. outcome B. result C. effect D. consequence
6. A. lacking B. short C. missing D. absent
7. A. suggests B. advises C. proposes D. explains
8. A. think B. consider C. look round D. take
9. A. career B. business C. job D. work
10. A. mess B. rubbish C. trash D. garbage
11. A. put off B. bank on C. keep on D. drop in on
12. A. turn out B. come into C. deal with D. sail through
Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
Although I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job.
After being unemployed for a few months, I realized I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious
financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, I became a market research telephone interviewer.
I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of
training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, I knew that the hourly rate when I
actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a
day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, I thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid
training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't really remember anything about them today - I wasn't
prepared for the way I would be treated by the supervisors.
It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small,
dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the walls of the fifth floor of a
concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone
interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one
phone call and starting another, they would shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask for
permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven
o'clock, two hours after we started. I'll always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch
thinking, 'It's must be nearly time for the break', only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there was another
hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, 'I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock
tonight.'
The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. 'Oh, no!' I thought. ‘Maybe
I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life.' My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day -
during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. 'Simon,' she said, 'I'm promoting you. From tomorrow,
you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very
responsible position.'
Three weeks later, I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made.
1. Why did the writer become a market research telephone interviewer?
A. He had completely run out of money. B. He had the right university degree for the job.
C. It was the first job he was offered. D. He knew it was only for six months.
2. The writer had doubts about the company when ____.
A. they only offered him three days of training
B. they told him he wouldn't receive payment for his training
C. they told him he had to be trained first
D. he was told what the hourly rate would be
3. His workplace could be best described as ____.
A. large and noisy B. silent and dirty
C. untidy and crowded D. old-fashioned and uncomfortable
4. How did he feel when he realized it wasn't time for the break yet?
A. He felt that he would have to go home early.
B. He felt that he wouldn't survive to the end of the day.
C. He felt that the end of the day seemed so long away.
D. He felt that he must have made a mistake.
5. What was unusual about Simon's promotion?
A. It showed how good he was at his job. B. It meant he would be phoning different people.
C. It involved greater responsibility. D. There was no increase in salary.
Part VI. WRITING
Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
1. Thanks to her high grades at university, Barbara is offered the position.
A. If she got high grades at university, Barbara would be offered the position.
B. It was her high grades at university which offer Barbara the position.
C. If she hadn't got high grades at university, Barbara would not have been offered the position.
D. If she had not got high grades at university, Barbara would not be offered the position.
2. Unless you come on time, we will go without you.
A. Come on time or we will go without you.
B. Come on time, we will go without you.
C. Because of your punctuality, we will go without you.
D. Without your coming on time, we will go.
3. They got success in their job interviews since they took my advice.
A. They took my advice, and failed in their job interviews.
B. If they did not take my advice, they would not get success in their job interviews.
C. But for taking my advice, they would not have got success in their job interviews.
D. My advice stopped them from getting success in the job interviews.
4. They waited such a long time that baby Caroline started to cry.
A. They waited too long for baby Caroline not to cry.
B. They waited so long that baby Caroline started to cry.
C. They waited long enough for baby Caroline to start to cry.
 D. They waited enough long for baby Caroline to start to cry.
5. Although he lacked experience, he was offered the job.
A. Despite of his lack experience, he was offered the job.
B. Despite of his lack of experience, he was offered the job.
C. In spite of his lack experience, he was offered the job.
D. In spite of the fact that he lacked experience, he was offered the job.
6. As long as you finish your work, you can leave early.
A. You can't leave early until you finish your work.
B. Unless you finish your work, you can leave early.
C. Provided that you finish your work, you can leave early.
D. If only you finish your work, you can leave early.
7. He pretended not to see his supervisor and went on working.
A. He went on working as though he hadn't seen his supervisor.
B. He tried not to see his supervisor and went on working.
C. He avoided seeing his supervisor and went on working.
D. He did not see his supervisor and went on working.
8. I did far better than Chris in the exam.
A. Chris didn't do as well as me in the exam. B. I did farther than Chris in the exam.
C. Chris did much worse than me in the exam. D. I didn't do worse than Chris.bado
9. Hardly had I left the office when there was a power cut.
A. I left the office after there was a power cut.
B. I left the office long before there was a power cut.
C. No sooner had I left the office than there was a power cut.
D. When I was leaving the office, there was a power cut.
10. Dany ate lots of ice cream and now he has a stomachache.
A. If Dany didn't eat much ice cream, he wouldn't have a stomachache.
B. If Dany hadn't eaten much ice cream, he wouldn't have a stomachache.
C. If Dany hadn't eaten much ice cream, he wouldn't have had a stomachache.
D. If Dany didn't eat much ice cream, he wouldn't have had a stomachache.
Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in
the following questions.
1. He's just so flexible. He'll adapt to any situation.
A. Flexible as he is, he cannot adapt to any situation.
B. He's too flexible to adapt to any situation.
C. He's enough flexible to adapt to any situation.
D. He's so flexible that he'll adapt to any situation.
2. I find it very challenging. It requires a lot of concentration and determination.
A. I find it very challenging, so it requires a lot of concentration and determination.
B. I find it very challenging, yet it requires a lot of concentration and determination.
C. I find it very challenging, for it requires a lot of concentration and determination
D. I find it very challenging, though it requires a lot of concentration and determination.
3. I judge by the car he drives. I'd say he's got a pretty good job.
A. Because I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job.
B. When I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job.
C. Unless I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job
D. Judging by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job.
4. You gave us timely warning. We were unaware of the danger.
A. But for your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger.
B. Because of your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger.
C. Despite your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger.
D. Instead of your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger.
5. I didn't understand his instructions. I asked him to repeat what he had said.
A. I didn't understand his instructions because I asked him to repeat what he had said.
B. I didn't understand his instructions, and I asked him to repeat what he had said.
C. I didn't understand his instructions, for I asked him to repeat what he had said.
D. I didn't understand his instructions, so I asked him to repeat what he had said.