BAHRIA COLLEGE KARACHI

LOWER SECONDARY WING

Subject: Social Studies (History)

Class: VIII

Unit 4 : Political Awakening in India

 BAHRIA COLLEGE KARACHI (LOWER SECONDARY WING)
Subject: Social Studies (History) Class: VIII
Unit 04: Political Awakening in India

Q1. Enlist reasons of formation of All India Muslim League.

 The Indian National Congress could not maintain its neutral attitude and it became the
mouthpiece of the Hindus only. By 1906, the Muslim leaders were convinced that it was
absolutely necessary to have their own political party. The party would speak for the Muslims
on all important occasions.
 The Urdu-Hindi controversy began with the demand of the Hindus to replace Urdu by Hindi
as the official language. The Congress visibly sided with Hindi and supported the movement
against Urdu. At that moment, the need of formation of a Muslim party was felt badly.
 At the time of announcement of Minto-Marley Reforms, the Muslims did not have any
platform from where they could share their demands. It made them think more seriously about
forming a separate party.
 The ideology presented by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan regarding the separate identity of the
Muslims appealed to many people. It became essential for the Muslims to establish a political
party of their own.
 The Muslims of the Subcontinent remained backward as compared to the Hindus in
education and economic progress. A separate Muslim organization was necessary to
safeguard the interests of the Muslims.

Q2. What was the significance of the Khilafat Movement?

 The aims of this movement were to protect the holy sites of Islam, to restore the territories of
Ottoman Turkey and to restore the Ottoman Caliphate.
 Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and his brother Maulana Shaukat Ali played a significant role
as the frontline leaders of this movement.
 During the Khilafat Movement, the Muslims and the Hindus acted together against the
common enemy, the British Government.

Q3. How did Nehru Report pave the way for the creation of Pakistan?
 The Muslims rejected the report. According to them it was reversal of Lucknow Pact.
 After approval of Nehru Report by Congress Quaid-e-Azam was convinced that the Hindu
mindset in India was depriving the Indian Muslims of their rights.
 Quaid-e-Azam representing the Muslim League demanded amendments in the report which
were rejected by the Congress. He considered it as the parting of the ways.

Q4 . What were the Round Table Conferences? What was the result of each of the
Conference?
Three rounds of consultation and discussion were held in London from 1930 to 1932
commonly known as Round Table Conferences.
 First round of conference could not bear any result as Congress leadership did not participate.
 Second Round Table Conference failed due to unrealistic stance of Gandhi that he
represented all the Indians.
 Congress remained absent in the 3rd Conference.

Q5 . When were the congress ministries formed? How did the Congress Ministries
perform?
In July 1937, the Congress ministries were formed.
 For the next two years, the Congress Ministries mainly worked for asserting the Hindu
supremacy.
  Hindi was declared as the national language.
 Anti-Muslim educational reforms were introduced to displace the two-nation theory from the
minds of the Muslims.

Q6. Why is the Pakistan Resolution an important landmark in Pakistan Movement?

The Lahore Resolution (later called the Pakistan Resolution) is the most important milestone
during the struggle for Pakistan.
This resolution made it clear that there was only one destination for the Muslims of the
Subcontinent: Pakistan.
Earlier, there was a demand for the separate electorate. Muslims then voiced their demand for a
separate state.

Q7. Describe the success of the Muslim League in the 1945-46 Elections. Why were these
elections important for the fate of the country?
 The elections for the central assembly were held in December 1945. The Muslim League
showed impressive performance and won all 30 reserved seats for the Muslims.
 For the provincial assemblies, the elections were conducted in January 1946 where the
Muslim League won about 95% of the total Muslim seats.
 These results were a clear proof that the Muslim League was the sole representative of the
Muslims of the Subcontinent. After this clear verdict, the emergence of Pakistan became more
obvious than before.

Q8. Enlist the salient features of the ‘Indian Independence Act’ of 1947.
The following are the salient features of this Act:
 On August 15, India would be divided into two dominion states: Pakistan and India.
 The boundaries between the two states were to be determined by a Boundary Commission
called the Radcliffe Commission.
 Punjab was to be divided into two parts i.e ., East Punjab and West Punjab. Similarly, Bengal
was also to be divided into East and West Bengal.
 Pakistan was to comprise the West Punjab, East Bengal, Sindh, North-West Frontier
Provinces (NWFP), and Balochistan.
 The princely states were free to join either India or Pakistan or remain independent.
 For the time being till the constitution was made, both of them would be governed in
accordance with the Government of India Act 1935.

MCQ’s
i. b ii. b iii. d iv. d v. d vi.d Vii.b Viii. c Ix. b X.c

HOME WORK
Search and write down the names of prominent leaders of ‘Congress’ and ‘Muslim League’ in
the notebook.
names of prominent leaders of ‘Congress’ names of prominent leaders of ‘Muslim
League’
Jawaharlal Nehru Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Liaquat Ali Khan
Allama Iqbal
Draw ‘Minar e Pakistan and write down its significance.
Minar-e-Pakistan is a symbolization of commemoration of Lahore Resolution. It was commenced
on 23 March 1940. On that day, in the park, Muslims demanded a separate homeland under the
supervision of the Muslim league. Later on, in 1960, the tower (Minaar-e-Pakistan) was built in the
memory of Resolution of Pakistan.
 BAHRIA COLLEGE KARACHI

LOWER SECONDARY WING

Subject: Social Studies (Geography)

Class: VIII

Unit 4 : Industrialization and International Trade

 BAHRIA COLLEGE KARACHI (LOWER SECONDARY WING)
Subject: Social Studies (Geography) Class: VIII Unit 4 : Industrialization and International Trade

Q1. Explain Immigration.

 Immigration is the act of moving people into another country with the intention of settling in it.
 Through this process, people become permanent residents or citizens of other countries.
 People from Pakistan migrate to the Middle East, USA, UK and Canada etc.
 Peoples work in those countries and send money to their families.

Q2. Illustrate the stages of textile manufacturing process and explain ginning, spinning, and
weaving.

Growing and Harvesting Ginning Spinning Weaving

 Ginning is to separate seeds from cotton balls. Cotton flowers are compressed into bales to be
transported.
 Spinning is the processing of yarn from raw cotton.
 Weaving is a production of cloth from yarn. This is further used in garments and a variety of
cotton products.

Q3. Explain the importance of Textile Industry.

 It has great export potential as about 60% of the textile products are exported.
 It contributes 70% of GDP. There is a great demand for Pakistani cotton products for their
quality in the international market.
 Pakistan has large number of skilled and unskilled labour to work in this industry.
 Pakistan produces raw cotton which is not only the source of income for the farmers but also
provides cheap local raw material.

Q4. Analyze the significance of small scale industries.

 These industries not only provide employment to the people but also use cheap local raw
materials and traditional skills to make a variety of products.
 These industries check rural-urban migration and contribute a sufficient ratio to national
earnings.
 These industries play a great role to eliminate poverty from the country.

Q5. How are trade regulations implemented?

 There are different national and international organizations to establish standards that have to
be obeyed by every country.
 World Trade Organization (WTO) sets the rules for the member countries to transport their
goods by following their rules.
 Pakistan has established the Trade Development Authority of Pakistan (TDAP) to ensure
rules set by WTO are followed for the improvement and standardization of its trade goods.

Q6. Suggest the measures to reduce the imports of Pakistan.

 Needs to increase production of high value consumer goods.
 Reduce the import of luxury items.
 Needs to be self-sufficient in agriculture to restrict the import of food items.
 Better training and education for the quality and quantity of its production to increase exports.
 Develop a better ratio between national assets and the demand of increasing population.
 Develop software industry on large scale.
Q7. Examine how the bilateral trade between Pakistan and China has contributed to sound
economic development for both countries.
 China provides technical assistance to Pakistan to improve its agricultural output.
 Both the countries signed a formal agreement of understanding in 2013. This agreement was
to develop better relations under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
 The idea was to link Pakistan and China through the port of Gwadar to Central Asia and other
countries.
 Some major projects developed by China in Pakistan is the port of Gwadar, the Chashma
Nuclear Power project and the Taxila Heavy Mechanical Complex.

Q8. How does IMF play a pivotal role in facilitating economic development in countries?
 It provides financial assistance in the form of loans to the countries for their economic
progress.
 It also provides technical help to develop better projects.
 It also ensures that the loan taken by the countries are used properly and returned.
 IMF provides loans to Pakistan on its request to meet the shortage of its income.

Q9. List the approaches used to address resource scarcity in Pakistan.

 The national agriculture research council and other agriculture universities in Pakistan are
focusing on quality research according to the international standards to tackle the issue of
scarcity of resources.
 The Textile Engineering University of Faisalabad and other engineering universities in the
country are involved in research programs to modernize large scale industries to meet the
challenges of the international market including textile, steel, and chemical industries.
 Polytechnical institutions are also contributing to research to improve the quality of goods to
overcome the problem of scarcity of resources.
 The Ministry of Science and Technology monitors and helps in the development of
technology. It provides technical assistance to institutions to modernize production processes.
 Awareness programs and campaigns are required to be conducted for the public to join
hands in the protection, conservation and recycling of resources.

Open Book Quiz

1. What is remittance? It is the money sent by people working in foreign countries to their
families living in their home country or homeland.
2. What does industrialization provide? It provides a large number of jobs to the people in the
primary, secondary and tertiary sectors that cause the migration of people according to their
needs.
3. Name the major cash crops of Pakistan. Cotton, Sugarcane, tobacco and maize
4. Name the major industrial cities of Pakistan. Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad , Sialkot,
Peshawar and Quetta
5. What percentage of employment is provided by industries? 80%
6. Name few handicraft products of cottage industry. Carpets, pottery, embroidery
7. Define Trade. Trade is an exchange of import and export of goods and services between
different countries
8. What does WTO stand for? World Trade Organization
9. What does TDAP stand for? Trade Development Authority of Pakistan
10. What does IMF stand for? International Monetary Fund
11. How many member states does IMF have? 190
12. Where are the headquarters of World Bank and IMF? Washington DC, USA
13. What is scarcity? It means the demand for a good or service is greater than the availability
of the good or service.

MCQ’s
1. a 2. a 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. b

HOME WORK

 Why do people migrate to other countries from Pakistan?

 Pakistanis are looking for better economic opportunities in other countries. They want to earn
higher salaries and have a better standard of living.
 Pakistanis are also leaving the country due to political instability.

 Enlist the small scale industries in Pakistan.

The prominent small industries in Pakistan include garments, surgical, sports equipment,
hosiery, home embroidery, electrical equipment, leather processing, poultry,
handicrafts, woodwork, and brick and tiles manufacturing.

 Make the table of exports and imports of Pakistan and identify which products are
more expensive.
Exports Imports
Cotton and cotton products Edible oil (expensive)
Sports goods Crude oil (expensive)
Leather goods (expensive) Mining and agricultural machinery (expensive)
Surgical instruments (expensive) Metals (expensive)
Carpets (expensive) Steel (expensive)
Handicrafts Iron ore (expensive)
Electrical, electronic equipment (expensive)

 Search and write trade partners of Pakistan.

In 2021, Pakistan major trading partner countries for exports were United States, China,
United Kingdom, Germany and Netherlands and for imports they were China, United Arab
Emirates, Indonesia, United States and Saudi Arabia.

 Why does Pakistan need the cooperation of IMF for the development of its economy?

The IMF provides loans to developing states and provides those states with a list of
economic policies which they have to pursue in order to get loans. Like many
developing states, Pakistan has also been going to the IMF for years to support its balance
of payment difficulties.
 BAHRIA COLLEGE KARACHI

LOWER SECONDARY WING

Subject: Social Studies (History)

Class: VIII

Unit 5 : Pakistan since Independence

 BAHRIA COLLEGE KARACHI (LOWER SECONDARY WING)
Subject: Social Studies (History) Class: VIII Unit 5: Pakistan since Independence

Q1. Enlist the major problems for Pakistan at the time of independence.
Right after independence, Pakistan had to face certain issues which needed quick resolution.
Following are some of the problems:
i. Geographical Problems: Two wings of Pakistan; East Pakistan and West Pakistan were separated
by about 1000 miles of Indian land
ii. Economic Problems: Pakistan had mainly underdeveloped states with around 90% of rural
population. Hardly 10% of industrial enterprises came in Pakistan's share.
iii. Political Problems: Pakistan faced lack of administrative and government machinery to run the
affairs of the new state.
iv. Biased Boundary Distribution: It created Hyderabad, Junagadh and most importantly Kashmir
issue which is still unresolved and is a cause of tension between Pakistan and India.
v. Division of Assets: Pakistan was not given the due financial and military assets. This caused great
difficulties for the new state.
vi. Refugees Issue: Millions of Muslims refugees came to Pakistan. Their settlement was a challenge
for the new state.
vii. Canal Water Dispute: Unfair boundary distribution in Punjab made India upper beneficiary and
Pakistan the lower beneficiary of canals and rivers.

Q2. Elaborate the principles of Objectives Resolution and its significance.

Principles of Objectives Resolution
 As per the prescribed principles for development of constitution, it was declared that sovereignty
over the entire universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone.
 It was further emphasized that the authority given by Allah to the state of Pakistan through its
people is a sacred trust, thus it is to be exercised within the limits prescribed by Him.
Importance of Objectives Resolution
This Resolution was important in a way that all the constitutions of Pakistan recognized its principles.
In fact, this sentence that the sovereignty belongs to Almighty Allah is incorporated in all the
constitutions of Pakistan.

Q3. Define the following important constitutional terminologies.

i. Bill: A Bill is a draft of proposed law. It is presented to the parliament for discussion. After
discussion, bill may be passed or rejected.
ii. Act: When a bill is passed by parliament, it becomes Act. Once a bill becomes an Act, it
cannot be changed easily.
iii. Law: Law is a set of regulations or rules to be followed. Anything which has the power to
confer legal rights, obligations, liabilities, etc are laws.
iv. Amendment : Constitutional amendment means any modification, deletion, or additions
made to the constitution.
v. Ordinance: Ordinances are temporary laws that are circulated by the President.

Q4. Explain the UN resolution regarding Kashmir issue.

i. The United Nations Security Council Resolution of 21st April 1948 stated: "both India and
Pakistan desire that the question of the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan
should be decided through the democratic method of a free and impartial plebiscite".
ii. As the Indian governments did not act upon UN resolutions, Kashmir people started struggle
for self-determination Thousands of men, women and children have lost the lives to achieve
their goal.
 iii. The solution to the dispute requires Referendum for the whole of Jammu & Kashmir under
international auspices.

Q5. Describe the conflict between Pakistan and India at Siachen glacier.
i. Siachen glacier is one of the largest glaciers of the world, situated in Himalayas.
ii. Since the border was not clear in this region, India launched an operation to capture all the
Siachen Glacier in 1984.
iii. Pakistan also sent its forces to oust India from this area. Since then, Siachen is the world's
highest and probably the most expensive war front.